Analyzation 1-D motion through Kinematics of mouse trap car-induced graphs *T.J.O. Bontoyan D.R.T. Guzon I.DC.

Meneses III G.F.S. Munar J.P.S. Santos Philippine Science High School Central Luzon Campus *Tjbontoyan@yahoo.com.ph III-Samat For the case in which 0, the initial velocity is 1. Introduction influenced by both horizontal and vertical motion. When Projectile motion involves the general motion of an the object hits the ground the x and y components are x = object through the air in 2-dimensions near the earth R and y = 0. This will lead to the position vector surface. Air resistance is neglected since only the motion of At any given , the position vector of any the object moving freely through air under gravity was projectile is given as as only analyzed (Giancoli, 2007). The range corresponds to . By solving t from equation (2) followed by substituting the result of t to In this experiment, each group investigated the motion of their respective golf ball. The groups observed and equation (4), the calculated t are given as t= 0 and t= . analyzed the range projected by the golf ball and the time The first solution corresponds to the initial instant of it takes when given a certain range. The study aims to projection while the second is the time it takes for the calculate the muzzle velocity and range of projectile projectile returns to y=0. Substituting equations (6) and launcher. It also aims to relate range of projectile to the (7) into equation (9), the range of the projectile is given as: angle of release. 2. Theory 3. Methodology ( )

In solving problems involving projectile motion, the time interval is a critical component in this particular motion. The throwing process and the time after the object has landed were not considered because other forces act on the object which will not lead to . Therefore, the time interval where the object is projected in air and is only influenced by gravity is only considered. When air resistance is neglected, the acceleration in the y direction is -g, due to gravity while the acceleration in the x direction is zero. Hence, the general kinematic equations for constant acceleration in two dimensions can be simplified as: Table 1. Equations used in Projectile Motion Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

4.

Results and Discussion

The experiment is divided into two parts namely: calculating the muzzle velocity (angle of release: 0) and calculating the range of projectile (angle of release: 30). The position vector of part A is given as . The in the y-component is zero since is 0. The velocity vector is given as . The velocity under x-component is since the horizontal direction does not undergo acceleration. Thus, it will remain constant at each point on the path. While the velocity under y-component is because during the vertical motion the force of gravity acts on the object. The acceleration vector is given as . The acceleration under the x-component is 0 since gravity is the only force acting upon the object. Thus, the y-component is only affected in the acceleration vector.

In case angle is accounted, the initial velocity components are given as: (6) (7)

The same process also applies in the second part. The only difference is that has now yielded a value since Therefore, for any given , the position, velocity and acceleration vectors are given as

Range vs Angle of release

4

Range

,respectively.

and

3 2 1 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Angle of release Figure 1. Range vs Angle of Release

Table 2. Muzzle Velocity Released at 0 Trial Range (m) 1 2 3 4 5 Muzzle Velocity ( 1.80 1.50 1.45 2.25 1.35

Time (s) 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.7 2.24 0.902 m/s

The figure above shows the relationship of range and its angle of release. As the angle increases until 45, the range increases. The range is at its maximum when angle of release is at 45. Angles that will have the same range are the ones with reflected orientations in the x-axis such as sin91 and sin92. 5. Conclusion

Table 2 represents the velocity of the golf ball released at 0. Since R= , then the velocity is easily . This formula is used to calculate the calculated as muzzle velocity present in the table.. Table 3. Range of a Projectile Released at 30 Trial Time (s) Actual Range (m) 1 2 3 4 5 0.80 1.10 1.10 1,00 1.30 2.000 3.000 2.915 2.670 3.100 2.737 0.3216 m 1.06 m 2.37 s m

In the experiment, it showed that the maximum ranged is observed at 45. It is also observed that as the angle of release increases until its maximum angle, the range also increases. The range is also calculated using the equation (9). 6. References

Giancoli, D.C. (Eds.). (2007). Physics principles withapplications sixth edition. Jurong, Singapore: Prentice Hall. Serway, R. A. (2012). College physics. (9th ed., Vol. 1st, pp.26-33). Boston: Charles Hartford.

Average Actual Range Time ( Computed Range

Table 3 shows the comparison between the experimental range and its corresponding theoretical range. The actual range represents the experimental value observed during the experiment. The computed range was computed using the data above and equation 9. The data show that the values of experimental and theoretical range are slightly different. Hence, it shows a little error in the experiment.