International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856

AXIOMS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

Vinti Parmar1 , Meenakshi Chawla2 , Rajender Singh3
1,3

Department of Computer Science and Applications, First Lady Teacher Mata Savitri Bai Phoole Government Girls College Rewari , P.O. Rewari 123401,Haryana , India
2

Department of Computer Science, The Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences , P.O Bhiwani-127021 Haryana , INDIA

Abstract - Cloud Computing is the emerging field of

computer science . It is growing day by day due to its rich features of services. It is a virtual pool of resources which are provided to the users through Internet .Cloud computing can be defined as a computing environment where computing needs party can be outsourced to another party and when need be arise to use the computing power or resources like database or emails, they can access them via internet. Cloud computing is a recent trend in IT that moves computing and data away from desktop and portable PCs into large data centers. The main advantage of cloud computing is that customers do not have to pay for infrastructure, its installation, required man power to handle such infrastructure and maintenance Keywords- cloud computing, applications, architecture, business component of cloud computing, issues.

1.INTRODUCTION
The term "cloud" originates from the world of telecommunications when providers began using virtual private network (VPN) services for data communications . This word is a new word that appears at the fourth season, 2007The defination of cloud computing provided by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) says that: "Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. . It is an extend of changing with the need, that is to say the manufacturer provide relevant hardware, software and service according to the need that users put forward. In fact cloud computing is an extend of grid computing, distributed computing, and parallel computing. Cloud computing doesnt limit to grid, parallel and distributed computing. Grid Computing provides resources to the user when user requires. Parallel computing executes the instruction in parallel for fast response to complete user assigned task. Parallel computing provides only fast response neither storage nor memory as a resource. In distributed computing, information or data is distributed in the servers situated at different geographical areas. Cloud computing can involve power of such paradigms at any level to form a Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013

resource pool. Cloud computing achieve multi-level virtualization and abstraction through effective integration of variety of computing, storage, data, applications and other resources, users can be easy to use powerful computing and storage capacity of cloud computing only need to connect to the network.Cloud computing is TCP/IP based high development and integrations of computer technologies such as fast microprocessor, huge memory, high-speed network and reliable system architecture. Without the standard interconnect protocols and mature of assembling data center technologies, cloud computing would not become reality too. In October 2007, IBM and Google announced collaboration in cloud computing. The term cloud computing become popular from then on. Beside the web email, the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) , Google App Engine and Salesforces CRM largely represent a promising conceptual foundation of cloud services. The services of cloud computing are broadly divided into three categories: Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-aService(PaaS), and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS).Cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) . Cloud computing also is divided into five layers including clients, applications, platform, infrastructure and servers. The five layers look like more reasonable and clearer than the three categories This paper tries to summarize general characteristics of cloud computing which will help the development and adoption of this rapidly evolving technology. The service oriented conceptional characteristic abstracts the details of inner implementations. As a technical characteristic, the loose coupling is the key technical feature of all kinds of cloud computing systems The ease use user experience hides the complexity of cloud service providers and supply cloud users with very simple interfaces. There are also other kinds of characteristics such as TCP/IP especially Internet based, virtualization and high security.

2. WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING

2.1 The background of cloud computing The underlying concept of cloud computing was introduced way back in 1960s by John McCarthy. His opinion was that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility. Also the characteristics of Page 188

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
cloud computing were explored for the first time in 1966 by Douglas Parkhill in his book, The Challenge of the Computer Utility. The history of the term cloud is from the telecommunications world, where telecom companies started offering Virtual Private Network (VPN) services with comparable quality of service at a much lower cost. Initially before VPN, they provided dedicated point-to point data circuits which was a wastage of bandwidth. But by using VPN services, they can switch traffic to balance utilization of the overall network. Cloud computing now extends this to cover servers and network infrastructure. Many players in the industry have jumped into cloud computing and implemented it. Amazon has played a key role and launched the Amazon Web Service (A WS) in 2006. Also Google and IBM have started research projects in cloud computing. Eucalyptus became the first open source platform for deploying private clouds. 2.2. Cloud computing principle It is difficult to define the cloud computing. Computing is a virtual pool of computing resources. It provides computing resources in the pool for users through internet. Integrated cloud computing is a whole dynamic computing system. It provides a mandatory application program environment. It can deploy, allocate or reallocate computing resource dynamically and monitor the usage of resources at all times .Cloud computing can have three types of clouds : Public, Private and Hybrid Clouds. 2.2.1. Private cloud It is a proprietary architecture subscribed by an organization, which provides hosted services to the users within the organization. This is protected by the firewall to form a barrier against outside the world to access hosted services from the private cloud. 2.2.2. Public cloud It is not proprietary of any organization; the services provided in these clouds can be accessed by any organization. 2.2.3. Hybrid cloud In hybrid cloud, the services are offered to the limited and well defined number of parties. It can make Internet as a desktop. As we work on desktop, Cloud Computing can be used in the same manner. Many organizations have started implementing cloud computing like Amazon, Google, and Microsoft etc.In cloud computing, users access the data, applications or any other services with the help of a browser regardless of the device used and the user's location. The infrastructure which is generally provided by a third-party is accessed with the help of internet. Cost is reduced to a significant level as the infrastructure is provided by a third-party and need not be acquired for Sharing of resources and costs amongst a large collection of users allows efficient utilization of the infrastructure. Maintenance is easier in case of cloud computing applications they need not be installed on Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013 each user's computer. Pay per use facility allows measuring the usage of application per client on regular bases. Performance can be monitored and thus it is scalable. Security can be as good as or better than traditional systems because providers are able to devote resources to solving security issues that many customers cannot afford. However, security still remains an important concern when the data is quite confidential. This delays adoption of cloud computing to some extent .occasional intensive computing tasks. Less IT skills are required for implementation. Reliable service can be obtained by the use of multiple sites which is suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery. However, sometimes many cloud computing services have suffered outages and in such times its users can hardly do anything .

3. OVERVIEW OF THE ARCHITECTURE

3.1. Cloud Computing Layers Cloud computing is broken down into three segments: applications, platforms and infrastructure . Each segment serves a different purpose and offers different products for businesses and individuals around the world. A cloud client consists of computer hardware and software that relies on cloud computing for application delivery, or that is specifically designed for delivery of cloud services and that, in either case, is essentially useless without it. And the server layer consists of computer hardware and/or computer software products that are specifically designed for the delivery of cloud services. 3.2. Service Models 3.2.1Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Cloud application services or Software as a Service is software that is deployed over the internet and/or is deployed to run behind a firewall in our local area network or personal computer. This is a pay-as- you-go model and was initially widely deployed for sales force automation and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) . The advantage of SaaS are no need of specific hardware to run software, pay per use instant scalability security reliability, examples are CRM financial planning, human resources, word processing, commercial services are sales force.com, email cloud etc. SalesForce CRM is an example of SaaS provider.

Figure 1 Service Models Page 189

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
3.2.2 Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) Cloud platform services or Platform as a Service, another SaaS and this kind of cloud computing provide development environment as a service. We can use the middlemans equipment to develop our own program and deliver it to the users through Internet and servers . The advantages of PaaS are no need to buy special hardware and software to develop and deploy enterprise applicationns, pay per use, instant scalability, security, reliability; the popular services are storage, database, scalability etc. and the examples are Google Apps, Microsoft Windows Azure etc. 3.2.3 Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) Cloud infrastructure services or Infrastructure as a service delivers a platform virtualization environment as a service. Rather than purchasing servers, software, data center space or network equipment, clients instead . The advantages of IaaS are pay per use, instant scalability, security, reliability, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and the examples are flexi scale, AWS: EC2 etc. 3.2.4 Hardware-as-a-Service (HaaS) According to Nicholas Carr, the idea of buying IT hardware or even an entire data center as a pay-as-you-go subscription service that scales up or down to meet your needs. But as a result of rapid advances in hardware virtualization, IT automation and usage metering and pricing, we think the concept of HaaS and may at last be ready for prime time. This model is advantageous to the enterprise users, since they do not need to invest in building and managing data centers. Potentially, everything from generic word processing software to customized computer programs designed for a specific company could work on a cloud computing system. 3.3. Challenges Although the cloud computing technology is emerging we think there are several challenges in cloud computing technology. These are described briefly below. 3.3.1. Regulatory Compliance When outsourcing to a provider, customers are responsible for the security and integrity of their own data, even when it is held by a third party provider. 3.3.2. Dependency It is only possible to use applications or services that the provider is willing to offer. 3.3.3. Data Location & Privacy Restrictions US & EU have different privacy standards, subject to differing laws. 3.3.4. Recovery Data segmentation makes back-ups more difficult. 3.3.5. Data Storage Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013 Page 190 Cloud computing does not allow users to physically store of their data, so data storage is done by the provider. 3.3.6. Data security and privacy protection The security of user data is considered to be the security problem of computing platforms, security problem of computing platform is an important issue of cloud computing. Cloud computing infrastructure with a multitenant properties, manufacturers generally cannot guarantee that the data of two different users to achieve physical separation. In addition, considering the massive expansion (scalability) requirements, the physical location of the data may not be guaranteed. 3.3.7. Data access and storage model Now that the storage models provided by big vendors need to adapt too many different usage scenarios. Thus, they may favor to simple memory model or a simple hierarchical model which based on binary object. Although it has brought significant flexibility, it also increase the burden to the application logic explains the relationship between different data elements. 3.3.8. Lack of standards and vendor locking Most vendors have defined standards based mechanisms e.g. HTTP, REST (REpresentational State Transfer), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) etc. to access and use its services. However,the standard of development services in cloud computing is just rising and now the lack the function of write once and run everywhere. 3.3.9. Services Interoperability Currently, cloud computing doesnt have enough support for the interoperability of services, this have a lots problems for the service of cross platform or the services between different service.

4. FUTURES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

The system administration, configuration and network management will become an important field bursting with innovation. Trends of large vendors entering into cloud computing will be accelerated. All major Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) will offer Cloud deployment options. Platform-as-a- Service will take its first steps into the mainstream. A next generation of Middleware for the Cloud will rise in dominance over traditional J2EE application servers. Cloud computing is widening, but focus on an open platform mainly. Windows Azure is mostly a better platform of Exchange. Google would increase the area of investment in the enterprise; more business users will use Google Apps. The first batch of SaaS 1.0 companies will face the risk of bankruptcy. The number of firms who abandon the use of its own server increased significantly. Private cloud computing services have been popular. Business Intelligence (BI) will be SaaSs next target. SAP or Oracle will enter Platform-as-a Service area. Enterprise

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
adoption and usage of social networks will be faster and so on.

5. CONCLUSION
This paper presents all about of cloud computing which is a new emerging technology in present world. Although there are several issues and challenges in cloud computing technology, a huge scope for research and we can say that it is a development trend in near future. It is predicted that this technology brings for us an infinite capability of computing, fast micro processor, huge memory, high-speed network, reliable system architecture etc. by solving the existing issues and challenges and we will enter a new era of next generation computing through cloud computing technology.

References
[1] Marios D. Dikaiakos, George Pall is, Dimitrios Katsaros, Pankaj Mehra,Athena Vakali, "Cloud computing : Distributed Internet Computing for IT and Scientific Research", IEEE Internet Computing, Published by the IEEE Computer Society, September/October 2009. [2] Peeyush Mathur, Nikhil Nishchal, "Cloud Computing: New challenge to the entire computer industry", 2010 1st International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC 2010). [3] Bhaskar Prasad Rimal, Eunmi Choi, "A taxonomy and survey of cloud computing systems", 2009 Fifth International Joint Conference on INC, IMS and IDC, published by IEEE Computer Society. [4] C. Fehling, F. Leymann, R. Retter, D. Schumm, W. Schupeck, An Architectural Pattern Language of Cloud-based Applications,Proceedings of the Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (PLoP), 2011. [5] Inventory: cloud computing in 2009 top ten trends forecast,http://www.waibao.com.cn/news_detail_275 08.html,December 31,2008.

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