ROUGHNESS COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CUTTING TOOLS

WORKING SURFACES USING THE DIGITAL PORTABLE

ROUGHNESS TESTER
Alin STĂNCIOIU*
Gheorghe GÎRNICEANU**
Gheorghe POPESCU***
* Phd.Lecturer - dipl.eng. U.C.B, Tg-Jiu, e-mail alin@utgjiu.ro
** Phd. Proffesor - dipl.eng. U.C.B,Tg-Jiu, e-mail girniceanu@utgjiu.ro
*** Phd. Proffesor - dipl.eng. U.C.B,Tg-Jiu, e-mail gepo@utgjiu.ro

Summary : The strength of the tools agains wearing is different, depending upon the chemical
composition of the steel and the type of the used heating treatment.
In this work are shown the results of researches on the cutting tools manufactured of steel OSC10,
comparatively with the ones manufactured of chrome-coated steel OSC10, each of them carrying out
16000 punching operations under the same technological conditions.
Key words: Punch , roughness, cutting

1. Foreword
In figure 1 is shown the manufacturing drawing of the punch the experimental
researches have been carried out withe.

Fig.1 Poanson Fig.2 Digital Portable Roughness Tester Fig.3 Positioning Feeding
Unit on the Part

The gauge designed for testing the roughness was a portable roughness
tester . It is a super-compact, mobile, accuracy tool, meaning the result of the most
current technological researches. Easy to handle, the apparatus supplies the results
of the measurement in a very fast way, even in the manufacturing halls. The
apparatus (fig.2-3) may measure horizontal, vertical or tilted surfaces.
Main Functions of the Roughness Tester :
• Since it is light and compact, it shall be easy to be carried on.
• Thank to the feeding module with accumulator the apparatus may be used in
the manufacturing hall, stoo.
• It may submit to the analysis seven parameters. The wanted norm shall be
selected by the aid of a key.
Depending upon the surface to be measured the apparatus may be exploited
as compact unit (assessing unit, feeding unit and the feeler). If necessary, the
assessing unit and the feeding unit may be connected each other through the agency
of lengthener, providing this way for the measurement of the positions which are
accessed with difficulty.
The measuring field shall be automatically changed, depending upon the
structure of the surface.
After setting the parameters designed for the tolerance of the roughness the
display unit shall display depending upon the result of the measurement .
The preparation of the measuring operation was made up of the following :
 Positioning the feeding unit on the part - fig.3.
 The measurement was amde on a cylindrical surface and that is why a
prism had been used as direction and drilling device.

2.Assessing the Parameters

By using this apparatus, seven parameters may be assessed. Among these
parameters, Ra, Rz, Rpm, mean the roughness (profile R) and Pt is calculated upon
the basis of primary profile. Lm is the referential distance used for assessing the
parameters (DIN 4768) and it is divided in five portions Le (Le = Lm/5). The lengths
of these portions meet the wave length lc (CUT OFF) of the selected filter.
Ra - Average Arithmetical Value of the Roughness DIN 4768
Ra=1/L fL0 |f(x)| dx (μm, μ“), ISO 4287/1

Fig.4 Determination of Roughness Ra Fig.5 Determination of Roughness Ra and Rq

This value shall be determined of the arhitmetical average value of the amount
of all the roughness values. The measuring distance must be five times longer than
the value CUT OFF (for JIS it shall be three times longer). The impurities on the
surface of the part have a reduced effect on the Ra value.
Rmax - Maximum Depth of Roughness
Rmax=max (Zi) … i = 1 ~ 5, DIN 4768
The Zi depths of the roughness of the five portions lm.
Rmax does not meet Rt.

Fig.4 Determination of Roughness Rmax Fig.4 Determination of Roughness Rz

Rz - Average Depth of Roughness

Rz=1/5 (Z1+Z2+Z3+Z4+Z5) DIN 4768/1
This value meet the average value of the depths of the L portions.
Rz offers information about the vertical cracks of the surface.
3. The results of the measurements have been the following :

a) b) c) d)

Fig.12 Diagrams of roughnesses for the punches made of the materials :

a) OSC10 tempered and annealed as non-used; b) OSC10 tempered and annealed as
worn with jamming c) OSC10 tempered and annealed as worn; d) OSC10 tempered
and annealed as chrome-coated
 4 Conclusions :
The researches shall allow us to make the following necessitating conclusions:
- out of the above shown diagrams they may notice the fact that the punches
bear the marks of the wearing course.
- both the minimim and maximum items and also the abrupt deviation of the
graph are explained thank to the fact that on the edges of the working elements there
are pinches, gripping marks and also plastically distorted sections.
- as a result of submitting the graphs developments to the analysis it was
obvious that the best behaviour against wearing had been the one of the punch
made of chrom-coated steel OSC10 and the poorest behaviour had been the one of
the punch made of improved steel OSC10 ;
During the cutting course, the working surfaces of the punches shall be
compulsory passed through the holes of the semiproducts, so that they shall be
subdued to a smoothing operation.
The less the roughness of the surfaces, the more the punch shall be less worn
and, as a result of it, more able to continue the cutting operation.
In this case, the conclusion is that the highest durability shall be the one of
OSC10 the chrom-coated punch and the less one the OSC10 improved punch.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
[1] Stăncioiu Alin, Cercetări cu privire la influenţa calităţii sculelor asupra proceselor tehnologice de
tăiere, Universitatea din Craiova, Teza de Doctorat, 2004
[2] Şontea, Sever., Tratamente termice şi termochimice , Editura Spirit Românesc, Craiova, 2001
[3] Şontea, Sever, Calitatea acoperirilor prin cromare dură , Revista Tratamente termice, Nr.5.
1993