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Neo-Orientalism

Ali Behdad and Juliet Williams in Globalizing American Studies

Published in print: 2010 Published Online: Publisher: University of Chicago Press February 2013 DOI: 10.7208/ ISBN: 9780226185064 eISBN: 9780226185088 chicago/9780226185088.003.0011 Item type: chapter

Orientalist stereotypes pervade everyday journalism about the region. In spite of unabashed and unrefined forms of Orientalist representation, one may take issue with Said's claim that nothing has changed in representations of the Middle East in the West, particularly in the United States, during the past three decades. This chapter explores a phenomenon called neo-Orientalisma mode of representation that, while indebted to classical Orientalism, engenders new tropes of othering. Neo-Orientalism entails a popular mode of representing, a kind of doxa about the Middle East and Muslims that is disseminated throughout the world. Although the term neo-Orientalism designates a shift in the discourse of Orientalism that represents a distinct, and in ways novel formation, it nonetheless entails certain discursive repetitions of and conceptual continuities with its precursor. Neo-Orientalism is monolithic, totalizing, reliant on a binary logic, and based on an assumption of moral and cultural superiority over the Oriental other. NeoOrientalism should be understood as a supplement to enduring modes of Orientalist representation.

The symbolic face of power

Matthew Eagleton-Pierce in Symbolic Power in the World Trade Organization
Published in print: 2012 Published Online: May Publisher: Oxford University Press 2013 DOI: 10.1093/ ISBN: 9780199662647 eISBN: 9780191748424 acprof:oso/9780199662647.003.0003 Item type: chapter

Inspired by Bourdieus theorising, and considering the limitations of conventional notions of power used to study trade politics, this chapter
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argues that a critical framework on symbolic power is of intellectual importance. The notion of symbolic power offers a way to conceptualise how political language both reflects and constitutes power. There are three sections. First, the discussion considers how power can take more covert, taken-for-granted forms that are often missed in traditional power notions. Second, the argument debates the complex relationship between power, language, and processes of political legitimation. Bourdieus notion of a linguistic market is explained and applied to WTO politics. The third part explores two complementary conceptual tools: framing and mimicry. Together, the chapter argues that these concepts can help refine our understanding for how mechanisms of legitimation work in the service of symbolic power to favour some issues and groups over others in the WTO system.

Language and Participation in Public Life : Democracy and Doxa

Jacqueline Mowbray in Linguistic Justice: International Law and Language Policy
Published in print: 2012 Published Online: Publisher: Oxford University Press January 2013 DOI: 10.1093/ ISBN: 9780199646616 eISBN: 9780191745485 acprof:oso/9780199646616.003.0006 Item type: chapter

This chapter considers how language affects the ability of individuals and groups to participate in public life, and to exercise democratic control over collective decision-making. Drawing on the work of Pierre Bourdieu, including his concept of doxa (a set of principles which are viewed as inherently true), it explores the different ways in which linguistic minorities may be excluded from effective participation in the public sphere. The chapter then considers how international law engages with these issues of language and democratic participation, through an examination of rights to take part in the conduct of public affairs, both under general human rights law and within specific schemes of minority protection. This analysis demonstrates that, when compared with the expansive vision of democracy inherent in Bourdieus work, the way in which international law approaches democracy (and therefore linguistic justice) is limited in key ways.

Loaded Words
Marjorie Garber in Loaded Words
Published in print: 2012 Published Online: Publisher: Fordham University Press September 2012 DOI: 10.5422/ ISBN: 9780823242047 eISBN: 9780823242085 fordham/9780823242047.003.0002 Page 2 of 4

Item type: chapter

What is the other, or opposite, of knowledge and belief? How we define the range of signification and connotation here will shape the way we think about these contestatory, overused, and ultimately unsatisfactory terms, terms that are both empty and loaded. The problem with loaded words is not that they are too full, but rather that they are too empty. To draw the line between knowledge and belief is in part to impose a set of frames: Professional versus amateur judgments; intuition versus research (although research, as any student of drug-company protocols or think-tank politics can attest, is not itself a neutral category); present versus past. Knowledge and belief are good (or bad) examples of what linguists call shifters: words like you and I, here and there, that change their meanings depending upon the location and nature of the speaker. Knowledge and belief are related to dogma, doxa, dicta, and data. When it comes to knowledge and belief, the lady Theory, or Theoria, has an opposite number, in the concept of empiricism.

Philosophy versus Faith? : For Giovanni Ferretti

Adriaan T. Peperazak in Thinking about Thinking: What Kind of Conversation is Philosophy?
Published in print: 2012 Published Online: Publisher: Fordham University Press September 2012 DOI: 10.5422/ ISBN: 9780823240173 eISBN: 9780823240210 fordham/9780823240173.003.0007 Item type: chapter

This chapter focuses on two leading powers of thought and life and asks to what extent they influence or even determine the philosophy that emerges from the thinker's life. Provisionally, one can indicate those powers by using the traditional pair of reason and faith, but in order to set the stageon which they meet, some additional remarks about the interaction between philosophy and life seem useful. Between osmosis (a philosopher's entire life is markedly philosophical in all its dimensions) and separation (consider your philosophy a business that must be performed from nine to five, after which you can enjoy your real life), there are other more realistic varieties of a philosopher's existence. The chapter also explores doxa and ethos in relation to faith.

From Code to Physiologie, 18261829

TIM FARRANT in Balzac's Shorter Fictions: Genesis and Genre
Published in print: 2002 Published Online: January 2010 Page 3 of 4 Publisher: Oxford University Press

ISBN: 9780198151975 eISBN: 9780191710247 DOI: 10.1093/ Item type: chapter acprof:oso/9780198151975.003.0003

This chapter focuses on Balzac's Physiologie. The Code des gens honntes co-ordinates doxa and narrative, description, and prescription, but keeps them, for the most part, formally discrete. Yet between the first (1826) and the second (1829) versions of the Physiologie du marriage, Balzac published anthologies and collections of anecdotes, and probably participated in other codes. Such activities would allow him to combine prescription with narrative, doxa, and illustration, in the diachronic account of marriage which is the much more wilfully eclectic 1829 Physiologie du mariage, ou mditations de philosophie clectique sur le bonheur et le malheur conjugal, publies par un jeune clibataire.

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