Me 2209 Elece Engg Lab For Mech Final

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR
SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR
SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI
REGULATION 2008
II YEAR MECH / III SEMESTER
ME 2209- ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00
1

APPROVED BY
PREPARED BY
Prof.B.REVATHI
M.P.SELVAKUMAR/AP/ECE
HOD/ECE
R.RAJESH/PROF/ECE
Preface
This laboratory manual is prepared by the Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering for Electrical Engineering (ME 2209) laboratory. This lab manual can be used as
instructional book for students, staff and instructors to assist in performing and understanding the
experiments. In the manual, experiments as per syllabus are described. This manual will be
available in electronic form from Colleges official website, for the betterment of students.
Acknowledgement
We would like to express our profound gratitude and deep regards to the support offered by
the Chairman Shri. A.Srinivasan. We also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude
to our Principal Dr.B.Karthikeyan, M.E, Ph.D., for his valuable information and guidance, which
helped us in completing this task through various stages. We extend our hearty thanks to our head
of the department Prof.B.Revathi Sekar, M.E, (Ph.D)., for her constant encouragement and
constructive comments.
Finally the valuable comments from fellow faculty and assistance provided by
the
department are highly acknowledged

S.No
TOPIC
1
2
3
4
Syllabus
Lab Course Handout
Learning Objectives
Experiments
4
5
8
1. Load test on D.C. shunt& D.C motor
2. Open circuit and load characteristics of self-excited D.C. shunt

generator
15
3. Speed control of D.C. Shunt motor(Armature& Field Control)
19
4. Load test on single phase transformer
22
5. Open Circuit and Short Circuit test on single phase transformer

6. Regulation of three phase alternator by EMF and MMF methods
7. V Curves and Inverted V Curves of Synchronous Motor
8. Load test on three phase Squirrel Cage Induction motor
9. Speed Control of three phase Slip Ring Induction Motor
10. Load test on single phase Induction motor
11. Study of D.C. & A.C motor starters
25
30
34
37
40
42
46
55
Viva Question
PAGE
NO

SYLLABUS
ME 2209 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Load test on D.C. shunt& D.C motor.
2. Open circuit and load characteristics of self-excited D.C. shunt generator.
3. Speed control of D.C. Shunt motor (Armature& Field Control).
4. Load test on single phase transformer.
5. Open Circuit and Short Circuit test on single phase transformer.
6. Regulation of three phase alternator by EMF and MMF methods.
7. V Curves and Inverted V Curves of Synchronous Motor.
8. Load test on three phase Squirrel Cage Induction motor.
9. Speed Control of three phase Slip Ring Induction Motor.
10. Load test on single phase Induction motor.
11. Study of D.C. & A.C motor starters.

LAB COURSE HANDOUT

Subject code
Subject Title
Staff name
: ME 2209
: Electrical Engineering Lab
: M.P.Selvakumar & R.Rajesh
Scope and Objective of the Subject:

To expose the students to the basic operation of electrical machines and help them
develop experimental skills.
To study the concepts, performance characteristics, time and frequency response of linear
systems and study the effects of controllers.
Course Plan / Schedule:

S.No
1
Topics to be covered
Load test on D.C. shunt& D.C
motor
Open circuit and load
characteristics of self-excited D.C.
shunt generator
Speed control of D.C. Shunt motor

(Armature& Field Control).
Load test on single phase

transformer
Open Circuit and Short Circuit test

on single phase transformer
Regulation of three phase alternator
by EMF and MMF methods
Learning objectives
Page
No*
Students will be exposed to the
9
performance characteristics D.C. shunt
& Series motors.
concepts of Critical resistance(Rc),
O.C.C at the specified speed, External
Characteristics,
and
Internal
Characteristics.
Students will understand speed control
methods of D.C. shunt motor and the
relation between armature voltage,
field current and speed of D.C. Shunt
motor.
The students will understand direct
load test on the given single phase
transformer
and
determination
procedures
of
efficiency
and
regulation at different loads.
The students will understand O.C and
S.C tests, Equivalent circuit &
Predetermination
procedures
of
efficiency and regulation at different
loads
15

concepts of
predetermination of
30
No. of
hours
3 hrs.
3hrs
19
3hrs
22
3hrs
25
3hrs
3hrs

V Curves and Inverted V Curves of

Synchronous Motor
Load test on three phase Squirrel

Cage Induction motor
Speed control of three phase slip

ring induction motor.
10
Load test on single phase Induction

motor
11
Study of D.C. motor and induction

motor starters
Voltage regulation by EMF & MMF

methods. Students will be exposed to
the performance characteristics of the
machine
Students will be exposed to relation
between field current, armature current
and power factors at various load
levels.
performance characteristics of the
three phase Squirrel Cage Induction
motor.
Students will be exposed to the effect
of stator voltage and rotor resistance
on the speed of the three phase slip
ring induction motor.
performance characteristics of single
phase Induction motor.
Students will be exposed to different
kinds of D.C and induction
motor starters
34
3hrs
37
3hrs
40
3hrs
42
3hrs
46
3hrs
*-As in Lab Manual

EC
No.
1
2
3
4
Evaluation
Components
Observation
Record
Attendance
Model lab
Duration
Weightage
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
3hr
20%
30%
30%
20%
Evaluation scheme Internal Assessment
Timings for chamber consultation: Students can contact the Course Instructor in her/his chamber
during lunch break.
STUDENTS GUIDELINES
There are 3 hours allocated to a laboratory session in Electrical Engineering and Control
System Lab. It is a necessary part of the course at which attendance is compulsory.
Here are some guidelines to help you perform the Experiments effectively:
1. Read all instructions carefully and proceed according to that.
2. Ask the faculty if you are unsure of anything program or any concept.
3. Write up full and suitable conclusions for each experiment.
4. After completing the experiment complete the observation and get signature from the staff.
5. Before coming to next lab make sure that you complete the record and get sign from the
faculty.
7

STAFF SIGNATURE
HOD
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. To expose the students to the basic operations of electrical machines and to help them
develop their experimental skills.
2. To study the concepts, performance characteristics of electrical machines and starters
.PRECAUTIONS:
(Not to be included in the Record)
1. Fuse carriers must be removed while giving electrical connections to Equipments.

2. Sliding contact positions of the various rheostats must be checked before starting the
Experiment.
3. SPST/DPST/TPST switches must be kept open till staff members verify and approve the
connections.
4. The following Guidelines must be followed for selection of appropriate Fuse, Meter and
Rheostat ranges:
Fuses for Motor/Generator sets
(i) For no-load tests -45% of rated current.
(ii) For Load tests-120% of rated current
Fuses for Transformers
(i) For no-load tests -10% of rated current.
(ii) For Load tests-120% of rated current
Meter range
Meters of nearest higher range available can be selected
Rating of Rheostat:
(i) Current rating- should be selected based on the basis of the current rating of the
circuit, to be fed through the rheostat.

(ii)Resistance rating- should be selected based on the current limitations/Speed

limitations to be imposed to the circuit fed through the rheostat.
5. Fuse carriers with appropriate fuse wires must be inserted into the fuse holders/bases and the
Experiment must be carried out after the circuit connections are checked and approved by the staffin-charge.
Ex. No: 1.A
Date:
LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR
Aim:
To conduct load test on DC shunt motor and compound motor and draw the characteristic
curves
Exercise
Draw the following characteristic curves for DC shunt motor
i.
Output Vs %
ii.
Output Vs T
iii.
Output Vs N
iv.
Output Vs IL
v.
Torque Vs N
Apparatus Required:
Sl.no Name of the component
type
Range
-
Quantity
Name plate details:

MOTOR
Fuse rating calculation for field and armature:

Load test
120 % of rated current

Formulae Used:
t
2
(i) Torque = ( S1 ~ S 2 ) 9.81 ( R + ) in N-M

S1, S2 spring balance readings in Kg
R- Break drum radius in m
(ii) Input power = V x I in Watts
(iii) Output power = 2NT / 60 in Watts
N Speed of the motor in RPM
(iv) Percentage of efficiency = (Output power /Input power) x 100.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR
Precautions
Starter should be in off position before switching on the supply.
The DPST switch must be kept open.
The motor field rheostat must be kept at minimum resistance position
There should be no load on the motor at the time of starting.
Before connecting the meters check the polarity and zero error.
Procedure for load test on DC shunt motor
Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
Observe the precaution and using three-point starter the motor is started to run at the
rated speed by adjusting the field rheostat if necessary.
The meter readings are noted at no load condition.
By using break drum with spring balance arrangement the motor is loaded and the
corresponding readings are noted up to the rated current.
10

After observation of all the readings the load is released gradually

The motor is switched off by using DPST switch.
TABULATION FOR LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

Radius of the brake drum (R) =
Load
Load
speed
Sl Voltage current
in
No
in
I
rpm
Volts
Amps
in m
Spring balance
Reading
In kg
S1S
S1 S2
2
Thickness of the belt (t) =
in m
Input
Output
Power Torque Power Efficiency
in
in NM
in
in %
Watts
Watts
MODEL GRAPH
(A) Electrical characteristics
11

IL
in %
T in N-m
Speed in rpm
IL in Amps
Output power in watts
Speed (N) in rpm
(B) Mechanical characteristics
T Vs N
Torque ( T ) in N-m
(C) Torque, Speed Vs Load current

12
Torque (T) in N-m
Speed (N) in rpm

IL Vs N
IL Vs T
Load current (IL) in Amps
Model calculation:
Graph:
Output Vs %
Output Vs T
Output Vs N
Output Vs IL
Torque Vs N
Result:
EXPT. No: 1.B

Date:
LOAD TEST ON DC SERIES MOTOR
AIM:
To conduct load test on the given DC Series Motor and determine the performance characteristics.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
13

Sl.no
Description
Type
Specification
Quantity
PRECAUTIONS:
1. The motor should be started and stopped with load
2. Brake drum should be cooled with water when it is under load.
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. After checking the load condition, DPST switch is closed and starter resistance is gradually
removed.
3. For various loads, Voltmeter, Ammeter readings, speed and spring balance readings are noted.
4. After bringing the load to initial position, DPST switch is opened.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULAR COLUMN:
14

MODEL GRAPH:
IL
in %
T in N-m
Speed in rpm
IL in Amps
Output power in watts
RESULT:
Ex. No: 2
Date:
15

OCC AND LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF EXCITED D.C SHUNT GENERATOR

Aim:
To conduct no load and load test on self excited generators and obtain the characteristics
Exercise
1.
2.
Obtain the open circuit characteristics (OCC) of a self excited D.C generator
and determine critical resistance.
Draw the external and internal characteristics of a self excited D.C generator.
Name plate details:

Motor
Generator
Apparatus Required:
Sl.no
Description
Type
Specification
Quantity
Formula used:
Generated voltage Eg = VL + Ia Ra
Precautions
1. Motor side field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position.
2. Generator side field rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position.
3. Starter should be in off position before switching on the supply.
4. The DPST switch must be kept open.
Circuit diagram for open circuit and load test on D.C. Self-Excited Shunt Generator
16

Procedure for open circuit test

2. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
3. The motor is started with the help of THREE POINT starter.
4. Adjust the motor speed to rated speed by adjusting motor field rheostat when the generator
is disconnected from the load by DPST switch 2.
5. By varying the generator field rheostat gradually, the open circuit voltage [Eo] and
corresponding field current (If) are tabulated up to 120 % of rated voltage of generator.
6. The motor is switched off by using DPST switch 1 after bringing all the rheostats to initial
position.
Procedure for Load test:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram
2. The prime mover is started with the help of three point starter and it is made to run at rated
speed when the generator is disconnected from the load by DPST switch 2.
3. By varying the generator field rheostat gradually, the rated voltage [Eg] is obtained.
4. The ammeter and voltmeter readings are observed at no load condition.
5. The ammeter and voltmeter readings are observed for different loads up to the rated current by
closing the DPST switch 2.
6. After tabulating all the readings the load is brought to its initial position.
7. The motor is switched off by using DPST switch 1 after bringing all the rheostats to initial
position.
Tabulation for Open Circuit Test on Separately Excited D.C Shunt Generator:
17

Sl.no Field
current in
Amps [If]
Open circuit
voltage in
Volts [Eo]
Tabulation for Load Test:
Sl.no
Load
current
[IL] in
Amps
Load
voltage
[VL] in
Volts
Field
current If in
amps
Armature
current
[Ia] in
Amps
(Ia=If+IL)
Armature
drop=
Ia* Ra in
volts
Generated emf
[Eg = VL+IaRa] in
volts
Circuit diagram for find the generator armature resistance [Ra]
Procedure for find armature resistance Ra:

1. Connections are given as per circuit diagram
2. Check loading rheostat must be at maximum resistance position.
3. Close the DPST switch and vary the loading rheostat for various values in steps and noted
the corresponding voltmeter and ammeter reading.
4. Open the DPST switch after loading rheostat begins its initial position.
Tabulation for Finding Armature Resistance:

18

Sl.no
Armature voltage
Va in volts
Armature current
Ia in amps
Ra = Va/ Ia in ohms
Open circuit voltage in

Volts [Eo]
Model graph
Open circuit characteristics
Eo Vs If
If
Field current
[If] in amps
Internal (Eg Vs Ia) and External (VL Vs IL) characteristics
19
Generated emf in Volts [Eg]
Load voltage in Volts [VL]

Eg Vs Ia
VL Vs IL
Load current [IL] in amps

Armature current [Ia] in amps
Result:
Ex. No: 3
Date:
SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR
Aim
To study the speed control characteristics of DC shunt motor (Armature control and Field
control)
Exercise
1.
Draw the following curves for

a. If Vs N at Different fixed values of Va
20

b. Va Vs N at different fixed values of If

Apparatus Required:
type
Range
Quantity
Name plate details:

Motor
Speed
Type
Field
Armature
Fuse rating calculation:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
21

Precaution:
The DPST switch must be kept open while giving connections.

At the time of starting, the motor field rheostat must be kept at minimum
resistance position and the armature rheostat must be kept at maximum resistance
position.
Before connecting the meters check the polarity and zero error.
Procedure

Observe the precaution and switch ON the supply.
By adjusting the field rheostat get the motor speed to rated speed
A. Armature Control Method
Keep the Field Current Constant

By adjusting armature rheostat the speed and armature voltage are noted.
Repeat the same procedure for various positions.
B. Field Control Method

Keep the armature voltage constant.
By adjusting the field rheostat various field currents and voltage are noted.
Repeat the same procedure for various positions
22

Tabulation for Armature Control Method

Field current If1
Armature
Speed N in RPM
voltage Va
Field current If2

Armature
Speed N in
voltage Va
RPM
Tabulation for Field Control Method

Armature Voltage Va1
Field Current If
In AMPS
Speed N in RPM
Armature Voltage Va2

Field Current
If In AMPS
Speed N in
RPM
MODEL GRAPH:
Result:
23

EXPT NO: 4.
Date :
LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

AIM:
To conduct a direct load test on the given single phase transformer and to determine the
efficiency and regulation at different load conditions.
NAME PLATE DETAILS:
KVA rating
=
Rated H.V side Voltage =
Rated L.V side Voltage =
INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
S.No
Equipment
Type
Range
Quantity
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
THEORY:
Direct load test is conducted to determine the efficiency characteristics and regulation
characteristics of the given transformer.
An ideal transformer is supposed to give constant secondary voltage irrespective of the load
current. But, practically the secondary voltage decreases as the transformer is loaded due to primary
and secondary impedance drops. Since these drops are dependent on load current, this variation in
terminal voltage is found using direct loading.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Remove the fuse carriers before wiring and start wiring as per the circuit diagram.
2. Fuse Calculations: This being a load test, the required fuse ratings are 120% of rated current.
24

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:
1. The circuit connections are made as per the circuit diagram as shown in figure.
2. Keeping the autotransformer in its minimum position and the DPST switch in open position, the
main supply is switched ON.
3. By slowly and carefully operating the Auto transformer the rated voltage (115V) is applied to the
L.V side of the transformer.
4. Under no-load condition, one set of readings namely VH.V, IH.V, WH.Vs, VL.V, WL.V, are recorded in
the tabular column.
5. The DPST switch on the load side is now closed and the load is increased in gradual steps and at
each step all meter readings are noted down in the tabular column.
6. The procedure is continued until the current on the H.V side is equal to its full load value.
7. After the experiment is completed, the load is decreased to its minimum, the auto transformer is
brought back to its original position and then the main supply is switched OFF.
CALCULATIONS:I. EFFICIENCY CALCULATION:
i . The efficiency of the transformer for each set of reading is calculated and tabulated
using the expression,
Output
% =
X 100
Input
where,
The output of the transformer = WH.V on the H.V side
The input of the transformer = WL.V = Wattmeter reading on the L.V side
25

ii . A Graph is plotted between the percentage efficiency and the output, taking %
efficiency on Y-axis and the output on X-axis, as shown in figure.
II . VOLTAGE REGULATION (down) CALCULATIONS: i . The regulation is calculated and tabulated for each set of readings using the
expression ,
% Re gulation =
VH .V ( Nolaad ) VH .V (load )
VH .V ( Noload )
X 100
where,
VH.V(No-load) - is the no-load voltage on the H.V side .
VH.V(Load) - is the actual voltage on the H.V side under load condition .
ii . A Graph is plotted b=ween the percentage regulation and the output taking % regulation on
Y-axis and the output on X- axis as shown in figure.
TABULAR COLUMN:
Sl.
Input
No
VL.V
IL.V
WL.V
(W)
Out put
VH.V
(V)
IH.V
(A)
WH.V
(%)
%V reg
(watts)
MODEL CALCULATION:
MODEL GRAPH:
RESULT: 26

Ex. No: 5
Date:
OC AND SC TESTS ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
Aim:
To conduct open circuit and short circuit test and to predetermine the efficiency of the
transformer at desired load and power factor and to calculate the regulation at different power factor
Exercise
1.
Determine the equivalent circuit of the transformer.
2.
Predetermine the efficiency at different load at UPF and 0.8 Power factor
lagging.
3.
Predetermine the full load regulation at different power factor.
4.
Draw the following curves
a. Output Vs %
b. Power factor Vs %Regulation
Apparatus Required:
type
Range
Quantity
-
Name plate details:

Transformer
Fuse calculation for transformer (O.C and S.C test):

Primary current IP = KVA rating of the transformer /primary voltage.
Secondary current IS =KVA rating of transformer / secondary voltage.
O.C test
10 % of rated primary current
S.C test
125 % of rated secondary current
Formulae Used:
Open circuit test:
Woc
1. No load power factor (cos 0 ) =
Voc I oc
27

WOC = open circuit power in watts

VOC = open circuit voltage in volts
IOC = open circuit current in amps
VOC
in ohms
I OC Coso
VOC
=
in ohms
I OC Sino
2. No load working component resistance
(RO);
RO =
3. No load magnetizing component
(XO);
XO
Short circuit test:

V SC
in ohms.
I SC
4.
Equivalent impedance referred to HV side (Z02); Z O 2 =
5.
Equivalent resistance referred to HV side (R02);
RO 2 =
6.
Equivalent reactance referred to HV side (X02);
X O 2 = Z O 2 RO 2
7.
Transformation ratio (K);
K =
8.
Equivalent resistance referred to LV side (R01);
RO1 =
9.
Equivalent reactance referred to LV side (X01);
X O1
WSC
I SC
in ohms
2
2
in ohms
V2
V1
RO 2
in ohms
K2
X
= O22 in ohms
K
Efficiency and regulation

10. Output power = ( X KVA Cos) in watts
2
11. Chopper loss = ( X WSC ) in watts
12. Total loss WT = (Cu loss + Iron loss ) in watts
Output power
100 in
power +Total loss
13. Efficiency = Output

14. Regulation =
X I SC [ RO 2 Cos X O 2 Sin
100 in %
V2O
Precautions:
1. Auto transformer should be kept at zero volt position.
2. At the time of starting the experiment DPST switch kept open and transformer should be no
load.
3. High voltage and low voltage sides of the transformer should be properly used as primary or
secondary respective to experiments.
Procedure (for Open circuit Test)
Ensuring the precautions, supply is switched on by closing DPST switch.
Auto transformer is adjusted to energize the transformer with primary voltage on LV side.
Voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter readings are noted at no load condition.
28

Auto transformer is gradually decreased to its initial position.

Switch off the supply by DPST.
Procedure (for Short CKT Test)
Ensuring the precautions the supply is switched on by closing DPST switch.
Auto transformer is adjusted to energize the transformer with primary current on the HV
side.
Voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter readings are noted at no load condition.
Auto transformer is gradually decreased to its initial position.
Switch off the supply by DPST.
Circuit diagram for open circuit test of 1 transformer
Circuit diagram for short circuit test of 1 transformer
29

Tabulation for OC Test

multiplication factor:
Open circuit
Open circuit power
Open circuit
Sl.
primary current
(Woc) in Watts
primary voltage
no
(IOC)
(VOC) in Volts
Observed
Actual
In Amps
Tabulation for SC Test

Short circuit
Sl.
primary current
No
(ISC)
In Amps
multiplication factor:
Short circuit power
Short circuit
(Wsc) in Watts
primary voltage
(VSC) in Volts
Observed
Actual
Predetermination of efficiency:
Core (or) Iron loss (Wi) =
Rated Short circuit current =
.
Open circuit
Secondary
voltage in volts
Short circuit
Secondary
Current in Amps
Watts, KVA rating of Transformer =

.
Amps Short Circuit power at rated current (WSC) =
30

Fractio
n of
load/
Load
factor
(X)
Output power
1000*
( X KVA Cos) in
watts at Various P.F
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Copper loss
at various
loads
Total loss
( X 2 WSC ) in watts WT=
(Woc ) +(X2 *Wsc)
in watts
Efficiency at Various P.F

=
o/ p
o / p + WT
* (100 ) in %
0.2
0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Tabulation to predetermine % Voltage regulation:

ISC =
RO2=
XO2=
V2O=
Load
% V regulation at loads of
Unity % V regulation at loads of
factor Leading p.f
p.f
Lagging p.f
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Model graph
1) Efficiency
2) Regulation
31

Result:
Ex. No: 6
Date:
Predetermination of Regulation of Three Phase Alternator by EMF and MMF Methods
AIM:
To predetermine the regulation of three phase alternator by EMF and MMF methods at
various loadsby conducting O.C and S.C tests.
Name plate details:
3 Alternator
DC Shunt Motor
Fuse rating:
125 % of current (Full load current)
For dc shunt motor.
For alternator
Apparatus required:
32

Sl. no
Description
Type
Range
Quantity
Formulae used:
Emf method:
A.C Armature resistance Rac
= 1.4 Rdc
where - Rdc is the resistance in DC supply.
Synchronous impedance Zs = Open circuit voltage (E1 (ph))/short circuit current (Isc)
Synchronous impedance Xs = (Zs2-Ra2)
Open circuit voltage Eo
= ((Vrated cos + Ia Ra) 2 + (Vrated sin +IaXs)2) (For lagging power
factor)
Percentage regulation
Precaution:
i.
ii.
iii.
= ((Vrated cos + Ia Ra)2+(Vrated sin - IaXs)2) (For leading power

factor)
= ((Vrated cos + Ia Ra)2+( IaXs)2) (For unity power factor)
= ((Eo-Vrated) /Vrated)*100(For both EMF and MMF methods)
The motor field rheostat should be kept in the minimum resistance position.
The alternator field potential divider should be in the minimum voltage position.
Initially all switches are in open position.
Experimental Procedure for both E.M.F and MMF method:

1.
2.
3.
4.
Note down the nameplate details of motor and alternator.

Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
Give the supply by closing the dust switch.
Using the three point starter, start the motor to run at the synchronous speed by varying the
motor filed rheostat.
5. Conduct an open circuit test by varying the potential divider for various values of field
current and tabulate the corresponding open circuit voltage readings.
6. Conduct a short circuit test by closing the TPST switch and adjust the potential divider to set
the rated armature current, tabulate the corresponding field current.
7. Conduct a stator resistance test (Measurement of Armature D.C resistance per phase.) and
calculate the Armature A.C resistance per phase.
Procedure to draw the graph for EMF method:
1. Draw the open circuit characteristics curve (generator voltage per phase Vs field current)
33

2. Draw the short circuit characteristics curve (short circuit current Vs field current)
3. From the graph find the open circuit voltage per phase (E1 (ph)) for the rated short circuit
current (Isc).
4. By using respective formulae find the Zs, Xs, Eo and percentage regulation.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR O.C AND S.C TESTSON 3 PHASE ALTERNATOR:
34

Open circuit test:

S.NO
Field current(If)
Amps
Open circuit line

voltage (VOL)
Volts
Open circuit phase

voltage (Vo(ph))
Volts
Short circuit test:

Short Circuit Current
S.No
Field current(If)
(Isc)
Amps
Amps
Tabulation to find out the armature resistance (Rdc):
S.No
Armature current
(I)
Amps
Armature voltage
(V)
Volts
Armature Resistance
Ra=V/I
Ohms
Procedure to draw the graph for MMF method:

1. Draw the open circuit characteristics curve (generator voltage per phase Vs field
current)
2. Draw the short circuit characteristics curve (short circuit current Vs field current)
3. Draw the line OL to represent If which gives the rated generated voltage (V).
35

4. Draw the line LA at an angle (90) to represent If which gives the rated full
load current.(Isc) on short circuit [(90) for lagging power factor and (90- )
for leading power factor].
5. Join the points O and A and find the field current (If) measuring the distance OA
that gives the open circuit voltage (E0) from the open circuit characteristics.
6. Find the percentage regulation by using suitable formula.
MODEL CALCULATION:
FOR EMF METHOD& MMF METHODS (Two separate Tables)

Observations of % Voltage Regulation Values at Various Load Conditions:
Load
Factor
(X)
X= 0.25
X= 0.5
X= 0.75
X= 1.0
% Voltage Regulation at Various Power Factors

Lagging
UPF Leading
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
MODEL GRAPH ( FOR BOTH E.M.F &M.M.F METHODS)
RESULT
36

Expt.no 7
Date:
V & INVERTED V CURVES OF THREE PHASE SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
AIM:
To plot the V and Inverted V- Curves of the given Synchronous Motor at no-load and on
load.
NAME PLATE DETAILS:
FUSE RATING AND RANGE FIXING:

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
SL NO
NAME OF THE
EQUIPMENTS/INSTRUMENTS
TYPE
RANGE
QUANTIT
Y
PRECUTIONS:
1. Before giving the three phase supply, the three phase variac must be kept at its
minimum position.
2. Before providing d.c. supply to the field regulator of the motor, the field regulator
should be kept at minimum position and the field winding should be kept in open
position.
3. Start the synchronous machine preferably at no-load condition.
4. During the experiment the field current should not exceed 1.5 times the rated current of
the field current and the armature current/ ph (Ia ph) should not exceed 1.25 times the rated
armature current.
PROCEDURE:
1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram.
37

2. Keeping the field circuit of the synchronous motor open, close the TPST switch and
vary the auto transformer to obtain the rated three phase voltage. The machine will run at
a speed lesser than the synchronous speed. (with the help of damper windings as
induction motor)
3. Connect the field terminals of the synchronous motor to the d.c. supply by closing the
DPST switch and excite the field system. The machine will now begin to run at
synchronous speed by establishing magnetic locking between armature circuit and the
field system. Note down the field current, the corresponding armature current, line
voltage and wattmeter readings.
4. Vary the field current by adjusting the field excitation system and for each value of
field current (from low value of field current up to 1.5 times the rated field current) and
note down the corresponding meter readings.
5. Repeat the same procedure for various loading conditions carefully not exceeding 1.25
times the armature current and 1.5 times the rated field current.
Circuit Diagram:
TABULATION:
At N= Ns (constant) VL =
Vrated
38

Sl.
NO
.
Load
Field
Curren
t If (A)
Armatu
re
Current
(A)
W1OBS
W1ACT
W2obs
W2act
Power
W=
W1+W2
Power
Factor
= W/
(3 * VL
* IL )
Model graph:
MODEL CALCULATION:
RESULT:
39

Thus the V and Inverted V-curves of the given synchronous motor have been plotted at
various values of loads.
Ex. No: 8
Date:
Load Test on Three Phase Squirrel cage Induction Motor
Aim:
To conduct the load test on three phase squirrel cage induction motor and to draw
the performance characteristics curves.
Name plate details:
3 Induction Motor
Auto Transformer
Fuse rating:
125% of rated current (Full load current)
Apparatus required:
S.No
Name of the Apparatus
Type
Range
qty
1.
2.
3
4
Formulae used:
1. Torque
= (S1S2) (R+t/2) x 9, 81 N-m.

S1, S2 spring balance readings in Kg.
R Radius of the brake d5rum in m.
T Thickness of the belt in m.
40

2. Output power
3. Input power
4. Percentage of efficiency
5. Percentage of slip
6. Power factor (Cos )
= 2NT/60 Watts
N Rotor speed in rpm.
T Torque in N-m.
= (W1+W2) Watts
W1, W2 Wattmeter readings in watts.
= (Output power/Input power) x 100%
= (Ns N)/Ns x 100%
Ns Synchronous speed in rpm.
N Speed of the motor in rpm.
= (W1+W2)/3 VLIL.
Circuit diagram
i.
The motor should be started without any load
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

The TPSTS is closed and the motor is started
using Auto transformer starter to run at rated Voltage.
3.
At no load the speed, current, voltage and power
are noted.
4.
By applying the load, for various values of current
the above-mentioned readings are noted.
5.
The load is later released and the motor is
switched off and the graph is drawn.
OBSERVATION:
Circumference of the brake drum =
41

Thickness of the belt
MODELGRAPH:
The graph drawn for
Output power Vs speed
Output power Vs line current
Output power vs. Torque
Output power Vs power factor
Output power Vs Efficiency
Output power Vs %slip.
MODEL GRAPH
TABULATION FOR LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE

INDUCTION MOTOR
Multiplication factors for wattmeters: ..
42

S.
no
Load
current
(IL)
Amps
Load
voltag
e
(VL)
Input power
(W1)
Input power (W2)
Observe
d
Actu
al
Observ
ed
Actual
Watts
Watt
s
Watts
Watts
Volts
Speed of
the motor
(N)
Spring balance
reading
S1
rpm
Kg
S2
Kg
S1
~
S2
Kg
Torque
(T) =
(s1~s2)
* (R)*
(9.81)
N-m
Output
power
2NT/
60
Efficienc
y ()=
o/p / i/p
x 100
Slip (S)=
{(Ns-N)
/ Ns}
x 100
Watts
MODEL CALCULATION:
RESULT:
Ex. No: 9
Date:
SPEED CONTROL OF THREE PHASE SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM: To conduct the speed control test on three phase slip ring induction motor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PROCEDURE
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Note down the resistance in each phase using Multimeter.
3. Switch ON the A.C power supply.
4. Then the speed of the motor is taken for each resistance per phase.
5. The graph was drawn between resistance and speed.
THEORY
43
Power
factor
(cos)
=
i/p / VLIL

These motors are practically started with full line voltage applied across the stator
terminals, the value of starting current is adjusted by introducing the variable resistance
in the rotor circuit. The controlling resistance is in the resistance being gradually cut out
of the rotor circuit, as the motor attains rated speed. It has been already shown that by
decreasing rotor resistance, the motor attains rated speed and at the same time the starting
torque is also increased due to improvement in power factor.
TABULAR COLUMN:
Sl.no
Rotor resistance
(Position Or Value)
Speed in Rpm
Model graph
44

RESULT
Expt N0 : 10
Date:
LOAD TEST ON CAPACITOR START INDUCTION RUN SINGLE PHASE
INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM:
To conduct the load test on the given single phase induction motor and to plot its
performance characteristics.
NAME PLATE DETAILS:
FUSE RATING CALCULATION:
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
SL NO
NAME OF THE
EQUIPMENTS/INSTRUMENTS
TYPE
RANGE
QUANTIT
Y
45

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
46

47

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Before starting the motor, release the load completely.
2. Before providing a.c supply, the single phase variac must be in the minimum position.
3. Handle the tachometer carefully.
PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. Release any load available on the
motor. Switch ON the power supply by closing DPST switch.
2. Vary the single phase auto transformer for rated input voltage.
3. Initially when the motor is unloaded, note the readings of ammeter, voltmeter and
wattmeter. Measure the speed using a tachometer at this no load condition.
4. Load the motor in gradual steps up to the rated current. At each step, note down all the
above mentioned readings.
5. Add cooling water to the brake drum as and when required when the motor is loaded.
6. Release the load on the motor and bring the auto transformer to initial position.
7. Switch OFF the supply.
8. Measure the circumferential length of the brake drum and use the same for calculation
of the radius R of the brake drum.
CALCULATIONS:
1. Torque, T= 9.81 (S1 ~ S2) R
(Nm)
where R=(r + t /2) (m)

R---effective radius of the brake drum (m)
r--- Radius of the braked drum (m)
t---thickness of the belt (m)
2. Output power, Po = 2NT/60 (W)
where N- actual speed of the motor (rpm)
3. Input power Pi = W (W)
where W- actual reading of the wattmeter reading (W)
4. % Slip S= (Ns-N)/Ns x 100 (%)
Where Ns-Synchronous speed (rpm), N=1500 rpm.
5. Power factor cos =Pi / (V * I)
where V-line voltage (V)
I-line current (A)
48

6. Efficiency % = (Po/Pi) x 100 (%)

7. Multiplication Factor (MF) of the wattmeter:
MF= (Current Coil Rating * Pressure Coil Rating * Power Factor)/ Full Scale Deflection
of the wattmeter
8. Ns = 120 * f/ P
Where f is the frequency of the supply (or) stator frequency
P is the no. of poles of the motor
TABULATION:
Sl.
No.
VL
(V)
IL
(A)
Speed
(rpm)
I/P Power
(W)
Obs Act
Spring Balance
reading
S1 S2 S1~S2
Torque
(Nm)
O/P
Power
(W)
%slip
cos
MODEL CALCULATIONS:
RESULT:
Thus the load test is performed in single phase Induction Motor and performance
characteristics are drawn.
49

Expt No: 11
Date
STUDY OF D.C & A.C MOTOR STARTERS
AIM:
To study the different kinds of D.C &A.C motor starters
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
Sl No.
Name of the apparatus
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Two Point starter

Three Point starter
Four Point starter
DOL Starter
Auto transformer Starter
Star-Delta Starter
Rotor Resistance Starter
Quantit
y
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
THEORY :
The value of the armature current in a D.C shunt motor is given by
Ia = ( V Eb )/ Ra
Where V = applied voltage.
Ra = armature resistance.
E b = Back .e.m.f .
In practice the value of the armature resistance is of the order of 1 ohms and at the
instant of starting the value of the back e.m.f is zero volts. Therefore under starting
conditions the value of the armature current is very high. This high inrush current at the
50

time of starting may damage the motor. To protect the motor from such dangerous
current the D.C motors are always started using starters.
The types of D.C motor starters are
i) Two point starters
ii) Three point starters
iii) Four point starters.
The functions of the starters are
i) It protects the from dangerous high speed.
ii) It protects the motor from overloads.
i) TWO POINT STARTERS: ( refer fig 1)
It is used for starting D.C. series motors which has the problem of over speeding
due to the loss of load from its shaft. Here for starting the motor the control arm is
moved in clock-wise direction from its OFF position to the ON position against the
spring tension. The control arm is held in the ON position by the electromagnet E. The
exciting coil of the hold-on electromagnet E is connected in series with the armature
circuit. If the motor loses its load, current decreases and hence the strength of the
electromagnet also decreases. The control arm returns to the OFF position due to the
spring tension, Thus preventing the motor from over speeding. The starter also returns to
the OFF position
51

when the supply voltage decreases appreciably. L and F are the two points of the starter
which are connected with the motor terminals
52

ii) THREE POINT STARTER: ( refer fig 2 )

It is used for starting the shunt or compound motor. The coil of the hold on
electromagnet E is connected in series with the shunt field coil. In the case of
disconnection in the field circuit the control arm will return to its OFF position due to
spring tension. This is necessary because the shunt motor will over speed if it loses
excitation. The starter also returns to the OFF position in case of low voltage supply or
complete failure of the supply. This protection is therefore is called No Volt Release
( NVR).
Over load protection:
When the motor is over loaded it draws a heavy current. This heavy current also
flows through the exciting coil of the over load electromagnet ( OLR). The
electromagnet then pulls an iron piece upwar6.ds which short circuits the coils of the
NVR coil. The hold on magnet gets de-energized and therefore the starter arm returns to
the OFF position, thus protecting the motor against overload. L, A and F are the three
terminals of the three point starter.
53

iii) FOUR POINT STARTER:

The connection diagram of the four point starter is shown in fig 3. In a four
point starter arm touches the starting resistance, the current from the supply is divided
into three paths. One through the starting resistance and the armature, one through the
field circuit, and one through the NVR coil. A protective resistance is connected in series
with the NVR coil. Since in a four point starter the NVR coil is independent of the of the
field ckt connection , the d.c motor may over speed if there is a break in the field circuit.
A D.C motor can be stopped by opening the main switch. The steps of the starting
resistance are so designed that the armature current will remain within the certain limits
and will not change the torque developed by the motor to a great extent.
STUDY OF INDUCTION MOTOR STARTERS

AUTO TRANSFORMER STARTING
54

An auto transformer starter consists of an auto transformer and a switch as shown

in the fig. When the switch S is put on START position, a reduced voltage is applied
across the motor terminals. When the motor picks up speed, say to 80 per cent of its
mornal speed, the switch is put to RUN position. Then the auto-transformer is cut out of
the circuit and full rated voltage gets applied across the motor terminals.
(Ref. To text book for fig)
The circuit dia in the fig is for a manual auto-transformer starter. This can be made push
button operated automatic controlled starter so that the contacts switch over from start to
run position as the motor speed picks up to 80% of its speed. Over-load protection relay
has not been shown in the figure. The switch S is air-break type for small motors and oil
break type for large motors. Auto transformer may have more than one tapping to enable
the user select any suitable starting voltage depending upon the conditions.
Series resistors or reactors can be used to cause voltage drop in them and thereby allow
low voltage to be applied across the motor terminals at starting. These are cut out of the
circuit as the motor picks up speed.
STAR- DELTA METHOD OF STARTING:
The startor phase windings are first connected in star and full voltage is connected across
its free terminals. As the motor picks up speed, the windings are disconnected through a
switch and they are reconnected in delta across the supply terminals. The current drawn
by the motor from the lines is reduced to as compared to the current it would have drawn
if connected in delta.The motor windings, first in star and then in delta the line current
drawn by the motor at starting is reduced to one third as compared to starting current
with the windings delta-connected.
In making connections for star-delta starting, care should be taken such that sequence of
supply connections to the winding terminals does not change while changing from star
connection to delta connection. Otherwise the motor will start rotating in the opposite
direction, when connections are changed from star to delta. Star-delta starters are
available for manual operation using push button control. An automatic star delta
starter used time delay relays(T.D.R) through which star to delta connections take place
automatically with some pre-fixed time delay. The delay time of the T.D.R is fixed
keeping in view the starting time of the motor.
(Ref. To text book for fig)
FULL VOLTAGE OR DIRECT ON-LINE STARTING
55

When full voltage is connected across the stator terminals of an induction motor,
large current is drawn by the windings. This is because, at starting the induction motor
behaves as a short circuited transformer with its secondary, i.e. the rotor separated from
the primary, i.e. the stator by a small air-gap.
At starting when the rotor is at standstill, emf is induced in the rotor circuit
exactly similar to the emf induced in the secondary winding of a transformer. This
induced emf of the rotor will circulate a very large current through its windings. The
primary will draw very large current from the supply mains to balance the rotor ampereturns. To limit the stator and rotor currents at starting to a safe value, it may be necessary
to reduce the stator supply voltage to a low value. If induction motors are started directon-line such a heavy starting current of short duration may not cause harm to the motor
since the construction of induction motors are rugged. Other motors and equipment
connected to the supply lines will receive reduced voltage. In industrial installations,
however, if a number of large motors are started by this method, the voltage drop will be
very high and may be really objectionable for the other types of loads connected to the
system. The amount of voltage drop will not only be dependent on the size of the motor
but also on factors like the capacity of the power supply system, the size and length of
the line leading to the motors etc. Indian Electricity Rule restricts direct on line starting
of 3 phase induction motors above 5 hp.
56

57

RESULT:
Thus the construction and working of different starters for starting D.C series,
shunt, compound and three phase induction motors are studied.
58

VIVA questions for the Experiments

1) LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT AND SERIES MOTORS
1. What is the need for a starter?
2. Name the different types of starters for DC motors.
3. Why a DC shunt motor is called a constant Speed motor?
4. State few applications of DC shunt series motor.
5. What is the role of commutator in a DC motor?
6. What is the effect of armature reaction on the performance of DC motor?
7. What happen when the field circuit gets opened when a DC shunt motor is running?
8. How to reverse the direction of rotation of DC motor?
9. Explain why D.C series motor are started under no load.
2) OPEN CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF EXCITED
DC SHUNT GENERATOR
1. Define critical field resistance and critical speed.
2. State the conditions to be satisfied by a DC shunt generator to build-up voltage.
3. What is residual flux and what happens to the generator induces EMF when residual
flux is zero?
4. What is the purpose of SPST switch connected in the field circuit of the generator?
5. Why the speed must be maintained constant throughout the experiment?
LOAD TEST ON SELF EXCITED DC SHUNT GENERATOR
1. What is a prime mover?
2. Why the speed of generator should be maintained constant during the experiment?
3. Why does the terminal voltage fall as the load on the generator is increased?
4. What is armature reaction and what are its effects on the performance of DC
generator?
3) SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR
1. Which method of speed control is used for controlling the speed of the motor above its
rated speed? Give reason.
2. Which method of speed control is used for controlling the speed of the motor below its
rated speed? Give reason.
3. Explain the reasons for the shape of the graphs obtained.
4. State any method to control the speed of a D.C series motor?
4) LOAD TEST ON A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
1. Define Regulation of a Transformer.
2. What is the effect of load p.f on regulation of Transformer?
3. What is the condition for maximum efficiency?
4. Determine the percentage load at which maximum efficiency occurred for the given
single-phase transformer?
59

5. What is the effect of change in frequency on the efficiency of the transformer?

5) O.C AND S.C TESTS ON A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
1. Why O.C test is conducted on the L.V side and S.C test on the H.V side?
2. Define regulation in a transformer.
3. Why the regulation graph is not passing through the origin?
4. State the condition for maximum efficiency?
5. What is the regulation of an Ideal transformer?
6. What is the condition for maximum efficiency of a transformer?
6) PREDETERMINATION OF REGULATION BY EMF& MMF METHOD
1. Define regulation.
2. What is meant by pessimistic method?
3. Which method is called as optimistic method?
4. What are the advantages of EMF and MMF method?
5. Name some other methods used to predetermine the regulation.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7) V & INVERTED V CURVES ON 3 PHASE SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

How will you start a synchronous motor?
What are the uses of Damper windings?
What is meant my synchronization?
Define pull in torque.
Define pull out torque.
Define synchronous speed.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
8) LOAD TEST ON SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR

What is squirrel cage induction motor?
What is the normal range of no load current of an induction motor?
Distinguish between rotating transformer and static transformer?
Define slip.
Draw the torque- slip Characteristics of an Induction motor.
9) SPPED CONTROL OF 3 PHASE SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR

What is meant by slip ring?
What are the different methods of seed control in slip ring induction motor?
What are the advantages of using rotor resistance starter?
Explain the basic speed control equation of a.c machines.
Compare squirrel cage motors with slip ring motors.
60

10) LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What are the different types of single phase induction motors?
2. Explain why single phase induction motors are not self-starting?
3. Draw the phasor diagrams of Single phase induction motor indicating the starting
winding and running winding current components.
4. Define slip.
5. List out the applications of Single Phase induction motors.
11) STUDY OF D.C MOTOR STARTERS
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Differentiate two point and three point starter

What is the need for starter in electrical technology?
Differentiate four point and three point starter
What are the types of starter?
What are the protective devices used in starters?
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Differentiate star delta and auto transformer starter
2. What is the need for starter in electrical technology?
3. Differentiate auto transformer and DOL starter
4. What are the types of AC starters?
5. What are the protective features used in starters?
61

Introduction to Experiments
(1) LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT & SERIES MOTORS
INTRODUCTION
D.C motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy (rotational) with the
help of the excitation.
In this experiment the effect of mechanical loading on torque, speed, Output
power, line current and efficiency can be understood
(2) OPEN CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF EXCITED
DC SHUNT GENERATOR
INTRODUCTION
In this experiment D.C motor acts as prime mover supplying mechanical energy
which is converted into electrical energy by the D.C shunt generator, with the help of
field system of generator
Open circuit characteristics give the relation between the excitation and
generated voltage (e.m.f). Role of residual flux, critical resistance and voltage building
up processes can be understood by this experiment.
LOAD TEST ON SELF EXCITED DC SHUNT GENERATOR
INTRODUCTION
In this experiment, the effect of armature resistance and armature reaction can be
understood. Internal characteristics explain the effect of armature reaction and external
characteristics help in understanding the effect of armature resistive voltage drop in
addition to armature reaction.
(3) SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR
INTRODUCTION
This experiment helps in understanding
(1)
the effect of back e.m.f on speed, at constant excitation(Armature
control method)
(2)
the effect of field current( before saturation) on speed, at consant
armature voltage(Field control method)
(4) LOAD TEST ON A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
INTRODUCTION
This experiment helps in understanding the performance of single phase
transformer, which is an electromagnetic device working on the principle of
electromagnetic induction (Statically induced e.m.f which is on the self and mutual
induction basis.)
62

(5) O.C AND S.C TESTS ON A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

INTRODUCTION
Open circuit test is helpful in measuring the core losses (constant losses).
Short circuit test is useful in measuring the copper losses (electrical losses) at
rated load condition.
With the help of these tests and measurements, the performance of the
transformer at different load conditions can be predetermined.
(6) PREDETERMINATION OF REGULATION BY EMFAND MMF METHOD

INTRODUCTION
Armature resistance measurement, Open circuit and short circuit tests are
conducted on alternators/synchronous generators to estimate the resistance, impedance
and reactance per phase of the armature winding.
Open circuit test is helpful in measuring the core losses (constant losses).
Short circuit test is useful in measuring the copper losses (electrical losses) at
rated load condition.
With the help of these tests, characteristic curves and measurements, the
performance of the alternator/synchronous generator, at different load conditions can be
predetermined.
7) V AND INVERTED V CURVES OF THREE PHASE SYNCHRONOUS
MOTOR
INTRODUCTION
Initially the motor starts as induction motor with the help of damper winding and
with the field kept open.
When the speed approaches near synchronous speed, the motor field is excited
and thus the motor is brought into magnetic locking.
V Curves explain the relationship between field current and armature current
Inverted v curves explain the relationship between field current and power factor
of the motor circuit.
(8) LOAD TEST ON SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR
INTRODUCTION
Induction motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy(rotational)
(supply provided to the stator winding itself acts as excitation /aiding mechanism, as per
Lenz law and Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction)
In this experiment the effect of mechanical loading on torque, speed, output
power, power factor, line current and efficiency can be understood.
63

(9) SPEED CONTROL OF THREE PHASE SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR

INTRODUCTION
Induction motor speed control can be done from stator and rotor side.
In the stator side control methods either the net voltage fed into the stator
winding is controlled or its frequency is varied to operate the machine at different
speeds.
In case of Slip ring Induction motor, rotor side effective resistance can be
controlled through external rotor resistors or through rotor resistance starter and thus, the
speed and slip of the motor can be controlled.
10) LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE (CAPACITOR START INDUCTION) RUN
INDUCTION MOTOR
INTRODUCTION
Induction motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy(rotational)
(supply provided to the stator winding itself acts as excitation /aiding mechanism, as per
Lenz law and Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction).
Single phase induction motors are not self-starting and a revolving double field
arrangement effected with the help of
(starting winding + main Winding steup) is
used to start the motor.
In this experiment, the effect of mechanical loading on torque, speed, output
power, power factor, line current and efficiency can be understood.
(11) STUDY OF D.C MOTOR STARTERS
INTRODUCTION
This study is helpful in understanding the performance of starter and its salient
features like no voltage/over load protection circuitry.
INTRODUCTION
This study is helpful in understanding the performance of starter and its salient
features like no voltage/over load protection circuitry, thermal over load protection etc.
in addition to starting torque developments and starting current limitations.
64

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65

Me 2209 Elece Engg Lab For Mech Final

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ME 2209- ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

department are highly acknowledged

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

1. Load test on D.C. shunt& D.C motor

2. Open circuit and load characteristics of self-excited D.C. shunt

3. Speed control of D.C. Shunt motor(Armature& Field Control)

4. Load test on single phase transformer

5. Open Circuit and Short Circuit test on single phase transformer

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

ME 2209 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

LAB COURSE HANDOUT

Scope and Objective of the Subject:

Course Plan / Schedule:

Speed control of D.C. Shunt motor

Load test on single phase

Open Circuit and Short Circuit test

Students will be exposed to the

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

V Curves and Inverted V Curves of

Load test on three phase Squirrel

Speed control of three phase slip

Load test on single phase Induction

Study of D.C. motor and induction

Voltage regulation by EMF & MMF

*-As in Lab Manual

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

Evaluation scheme Internal Assessment

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

(Not to be included in the Record)

1. Fuse carriers must be removed while giving electrical connections to Equipments.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

(ii)Resistance rating- should be selected based on the current limitations/Speed

Name plate details:

Fuse rating calculation for field and armature:

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

(i) Torque = ( S1 ~ S 2 ) 9.81 ( R + ) in N-M

Starter should be in off position before switching on the supply.

The DPST switch must be kept open.

The motor field rheostat must be kept at minimum resistance position

There should be no load on the motor at the time of starting.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

After observation of all the readings the load is released gradually

TABULATION FOR LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

Thickness of the belt (t) =

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

Output power in watts

Speed (N) in rpm

(B) Mechanical characteristics

(C) Torque, Speed Vs Load current

Torque (T) in N-m

Speed (N) in rpm

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

Load current (IL) in Amps

EXPT. No: 1.B

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR

Output power in watts

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL II YEAR