Professional Documents
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TRAINING IN MINDA
Summer Training Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
By
RUPAM SINGH
(ME/10/740)
June-July, 2013
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project titled WORKING IN MINDA is submitted by
RUPAM SINGH having Roll No. ME/10/740 for the partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech), embodies the
bonafide work done by her under my supervision.
__________________________
Signature of the Supervisor
Place: ____________________
Date: ____________________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This report gives the details of the project work done at the end of VI semester
during the summer training for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech), under the Supervision of Mr. DEVENDER
JHANGAR.
I am very grateful to Mr. DEVENDER JHANGAR for his help and able guidance for
the project. I am very thankful to my Institute for providing me resources and
facilities to help in the project.
____________________
Signature of the Student
Name: ______________
Date: ______________
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................5
3 FEASIBILITY REPORT.................................................................................................9
4 CONCLUSION:............................................................................................................37
I hereby conclude that we have submitted all the documents related to our project in the
correct format as specified.................................................................................................37
We conclude that our project is a simple project for now as it works according to the
user. We have been implementing iterative server, and later on it can be extended to
become concurrent server. It is easier for the programmer to use the code and understand
the functionality.................................................................................................................37
5 BIBLIOGRAPHY:........................................................................................................38
www.google.com..............................................................................................................38
6 CHECKLIST:................................................................................................................38
1 INTRODUCTION
ABOUT TRAINING
ESSENTIALS OF TRAINING:
There are four essentials for effective training:
a) Stimulus
b) Response
c) Motivation
d) Reward & incentive
STIMULUS: The trainers communication must be scientific and to the point. The
trainee should understand what he is going to learn. The instructor must use all or at least
most of the sense organs of the trainee so as to get maximum possible participation.
RESPONSE: The trainer must observe the responses of the trainees as well as the result
of his stimuli the responses of the trainees can be observed either by asking questions or
allowing him to do the job according to his directions. The instructor should allow the
repetition of the correct response and encourage the trainees to retain the improved
behavior.
MOTIVATION: The trainee must be motivated to learn unless the trainee is motivated
and interested in learning; even a good instructor cannot train him thus a positive attitude
towards learning must be inculcated in the trainee.
REWARDS AND INCENTIVES: Rewards and incentives act as a stimulus for the
trainee to satisfy his need for social approval. For any effective training programme the
management must have a provision for the trainees. The management must give
sufficient information about the reward whether in the form of financial or non financial
benefits to the trainees who will come out successfully of the training programme.
FEASIBILITY REPORT
PROJECT REPORT ON SUMMER
TRAINING IN MINDA
3 FEASIBILITY REPORT
MINDAS HISTORY
COMPANYS PROFILE
PURPOSE
To continually enhance stakeholders value through
Global competitiveness while contributing to society
When we read the mission we come across key words like Stakeholders, Global
Competitiveness and Society. The intent behind these key words is explained here.
Stakeholders: Stakeholders include employees, suppliers, customers, service providers,
financial institutions, etc. that means everyone who is associated with company is a
Stakeholder.
Global Competitiveness: Becoming cost effective supplier of our products and services
which meets world class quality standards and accepted across the world. We want to
produce the products which are the best in all as we have been endeavoring to become
benchmark and pioneer in QPCDSM i.e. Quality, Productivity, Cost, Delivery, Safety
and Morale.
Society: We are socially conscientious citizen and it is our responsibility to contribute to
society. We serve the community by providing employment opportunities to members of
the society. We pay taxes and contribute to ex-chequer and also make conscious efforts to
protect the environment and promote environmental awareness in the company.
We sincerely endeavor to live the mission statement.
GROUP VISION
Group sales to be Rs. 3000 Crores by 2010-11
Group sales to be 10000 Crores by 2014-15
Exports to be 25% of turnover by 2010-11
Our group to be pioneer and global benchmark in QPCDSM
And Technology by 2009-10.
OVERALL DESCRIPTION
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
AUTOCAD
CATIA
IDEAS
NX MODELLING (UNIGRAPHICS)
Machining operations
The three principal machining processes are classified as turning, drilling and milling.
Other operations falling into miscellaneous categories include shaping, planing, boring,
broaching and sawing.
Turning operations are operations that rotate the workpiece as the primary method
of moving metal against the cutting tool. Lathes are the principal machine tool
used in turning.
Milling operations are operations in which the cutting tool rotates to bring cutting
edges to bear against the workpiece. Milling machines are the principal machine
tool used in milling.
with the workpiece. Drilling operations are done primarily in drill presses but
sometimes on lathes or mills.
An unfinished workpiece requiring machining will need to have some material cut away
to create a finished product. A finished product would be a workpiece that meets the
specifications set out for that workpiece by engineering drawings or blueprints. For
example, a workpiece may be required to have a specific outside diameter. A lathe is a
machine tool that can be used to create that diameter by rotating a metal workpiece, so
that a cutting tool can cut metal away, creating a smooth, round surface matching the
required diameter and surface finish. A drill can be used to remove metal in the shape of
a cylindrical hole. Other tools that may be used for various types of metal removal are
milling machines, saws, and grinding machines. Many of these same techniques are used
in woodworking.
More recent, advanced machining techniques include electrical discharge
machining (EDM), electro-chemical erosion, laser cutting, or water jet cutting to shape
metal workpieces.
As a commercial venture, machining is generally performed in a machine shop, which
consists of one or more workrooms containing major machine tools. Although a machine
shop can be a stand-alone operation, many businesses maintain internal machine shops
which support specialized needs of the business.
Machining requires attention to many details for a workpiece to meet the specifications
set out in the engineering drawings or blueprints. Beside the obvious problems related to
correct dimensions, there is the problem of achieving the correct finish or surface
smoothness on the workpiece. The inferior finish found on the machined surface of a
workpiece may be caused by incorrect clamping, a dull tool, or inappropriate presentation
of a tool. Frequently, this poor surface finish, known as chatter, is evident by an
undulating or irregular finish, and the appearance of waves on the machined surfaces of
the workpiece.
Machining is not just one process; it is a group of processes. The common feature is the
use of a cutting tool to form a chip that is removed from the workpart, called swarf. To
perform the operation, relative motion is required between the tool and work. This
relative motion is achieved in most machining operation by means of a primary motion,
called "cutting speed" and a secondary motion called "feed'". The shape of the tool and its
penetration into the work surface, combined with these motions, produce the desired
shape of the resulting work surface.
There are many kinds of machining operations, each of which is capable of generating a
certain part geometry and surface texture.
In turning, a cutting tool with a single cutting edge is used to remove material from a
rotating workpiece to generate a cylindrical shape. The speed motion in turning is
provided by the rotating workpart, and the feed motion is achieved by the cutting tool
moving slowly in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece.
Drilling is used to create a round hole. It is accomplished by a rotating tool that is
typically has two or four cutting edges. The tool is fed in a direction parallel to its axis of
rotation into the workpart to form the round hole.
In boring, the tool is used to enlarge an already available hole. It is a fine finishing
operation used in the final stages of product manufacture.
In milling, a rotating tool with multiple cutting edges is moved slowly relative to the
material to generate a plane or straight surface. The direction of the feed motion is
perpendicular to the tool's axis of rotation. The speed motion is provided by the rotating
milling cutter. The two basic forms of milling are:
Peripheral milling
Face milling
A "numerical controlled machining cell machinist" monitors a B-1B aircraft part being
manufactured.
A cutting tool has one or more sharp cutting edges and is made of a material that is harder
than the work material. The cutting edge serves to separate chip from the parent work
material. Connected to the cutting edge are the two surfaces of the tool:
The flank.
The rake face which directs the flow of newly formed chip, is oriented at a certain angle
is called the rake angle "". It is measured relative to the plane perpendicular to the work
surface. The rake angle can be positive or negative. The flank of the tool provides a
clearance between the tool and the newly formed work surface, thus protecting the
surface from abrasion, which would degrade the finish. This angle between the work
surface and the flank surface is called the relief angle. There are two basic types of
cutting tools:
Multiple-cutting-edge tool
A single point tool has one cutting edge and is used for turning, boreing and planing.
During machining, the point of the tool penetrates below the original work surface of the
workpart. The point is sometimes rounded to a certain radius, called the nose radius.
Multiple-cutting-edge tools have more than one cutting edge and usually achieve their
motion relative to the workpart by rotating. Drilling and milling uses rotating multiplecutting-edge tools. Although the shapes of these tools are different from a single-point
tool, many elements of tool geometry are similar.
INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE
Utilizes a ram or screw-type plunger to force molten plastic material into a mold
cavity
Produces a solid or open-ended shape that has conformed to the contour of the
mold
Applications
Injection molding is used to create many things such as wire spools, packaging, bottle
caps, automotive dashboards, pocket combs, some musical instruments (and parts of
them), one-piece chairs and small tables, storage containers, mechanical parts (including
gears), and most other plastic products available today. Injection molding is the most
common method of part manufacturing. It is ideal for producing high volumes of the
same object Some advantages of injection molding are high production rates, repeatable
high tolerances, the ability to use a wide range of materials, low labor cost, minimal scrap
losses, and little need to finish parts after molding. Some disadvantages of this process
are expensive equipment investment, potentially high running costs, and the need to
design moldable parts.
Injection process
With injection molding, granular plastic is fed by gravity from a hopper into a heated
barrel. As the granules are slowly moved forward by a screw-type plunger, the plastic is
forced into a heated chamber, where it is melted. As the plunger advances, the melted
plastic is forced through a nozzle that rests against the mold, allowing it to enter the mold
cavity through a gate and runner system. The mold remains cold so the plastic solidifies
almost as soon as the mold is filled.
Molding defects
Injection molding is a complex technology with possible production problems. They can
be caused either by defects in the molds, or more often by the molding process itself.
Molding Alternative
Defects name
Descriptions
Blister
Blistering
Burn
marks
Color
streaks
(US)
Colour
(UK)
Causes
Warping Twisting
Distorted part
PHOSPHATING
PROCESSES
INVOLVED:
A. DEGREASING TANK
B. DERUSTING TANK
C. PHOSPHATING TANK
D. PASSIVATION TANK
E. DRYING
F. QUALITY PARAMETERS
METALLISING
Metalized films (or metalized films) are polymer films coated with a thin layer of metal,
usually aluminum. They offer the glossy metallic appearance of an aluminum foil at a
reduced weight and cost. Metalized films are widely used for decorative purposes and
food packaging, and also for specialty applications including insulation and electronics.
ELECTROPLATING
Electroplating is a plating process in which metal ions in a solution are moved by an
electric field to coat an electrode. The process uses electrical current to reduce cations of
a desired material from a solution and coat a conductive object with a thin layer of the
material, such as a metal. Electroplating is primarily used for depositing a layer of
material to bestow a desired property (e.g., abrasion and wear
resistance, corrosion protection, lubricity, aesthetic qualities, etc.) to a surface that
otherwise lacks that property. Another application uses electroplating to build up
thickness on undersized parts.
The process used in electroplating is called electro deposition. It is analogous to a cell
acting in reverse. The part to be plated is the cathode of the circuit. In one technique,
the anode is made of the metal to be plated on the part. Both components are immersed in
a solution called an electrolyte containing one or more dissolved metal salts as well as
other ions that permit the flow of electricity. A power supply supplies a direct current to
the anode, oxidizing the metal atoms that comprise it and allowing them to dissolve in the
solution. At the cathode, the dissolved metal ions in the electrolyte solution are reduced at
the interface between the solution and the cathode, such that they "plate out" onto the
cathode. The rate at which the anode is dissolved is equal to the rate at which the cathode
is plated, vis-a-vis the current flowing through the circuit. In this manner, the ions in the
electrolyte bath are continuously replenished by the anode.
Other electroplating processes may use a non-consumable anode such as lead. In these
techniques, ions of the metal to be plated must be periodically replenished in the bath as
they are drawn out of the solution.
ZINC PLATING
Zinc metal has a number of characteristics that make it well-suited for use as a
coating for protecting iron and steel products from corrosion. Its excellent
corrosion resistance in most environments accounts for its successful use as a
protective coating on a variety of products and in many exposure conditions.
The excellent field performance of zinc coatings results from their ability to
form dense, adherent corrosion product films and a rate of corrosion
considerably below that of ferrous materials, some 10 to 100 times slower,
depending upon the environment. While a fresh zinc surface is quite reactive
when exposed to the atmosphere, a thin film of corrosion products develops
rapidly, greatly reducing the rate of further corrosion. The following figure
shows the expected service life to first maintenance (5% red rust) of iron and
steel based on the zinc coating thickness and the environment.
POWDER COATING
Powder coating is a type of coating that is applied as a free-flowing, dry powder. The
main difference between a conventional liquid paint and a powder coating is that the
powder coating does not require a solvent to keep the binder and filler parts in a liquid
suspension form. The coating is typically applied electro statically and is then cured
under heat to allow it to flow and form a "skin". The powder may be a thermoplastic or
a thermo set polymer. It is usually used to create a hard finish that is tougher than
conventional paint. Powder coating is mainly used for coating of metals, such as "white
ware", aluminum extrusions, and automobile and bicycle parts. Newer technologies allow
other materials, such as MDF (medium-density fiberboard), to be powder coated using
different methods.
4. Powder coating production lines produce less hazardous waste than conventional
liquid coatings.
5. Capital equipment and operating costs for a powder line are generally less than
for conventional liquid lines.
6. Powder coated items generally have fewer appearance differences between
horizontally coated surfaces and vertically coated surfaces than liquid coated
items.
7. A wide range of specialty effects is easily accomplished which would be
impossible to achieve with other coating processes.
Why Powder Coat?
Powder coating produces a high specification coating which is relatively hard,
abrasion resistant (depending on the specification) and tough. Thin powder coatings
can be bent but this is not recommended for exterior applications.
The choice of colors and finishes is almost limitless, if you have the time and money
to have the powder produced by the powder manufacturer.
Powder coatings can be applied over a wide range of thickness. The new Australian
Standard, "AS/NZS 4506 - Thermo set powder coatings", will recommend 25 micron
minimum for mild interior applications and up to 60 micron minimum for exterior
applications. Care must be exercised when quoting minimum thickness because
some powder will not give "coverage" below 60 or even 80 micron. "Coverage" is
the ability to cover the color of the metal with the powder. Some of the white colors
require about 75 micron to give full "coverage". One of the orange colors must be
applied at 80 micron.
Color matching is quite acceptable batch to batch.
WELDING
Hot Melt
Vibration Welding
Ultrasonic Welding
Assembly Shop
4 CONCLUSION:
5 BIBLIOGRAPHY:
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.mindagroup.com
www.answers.com
www.askme.com
www.esnips.com
6 CHECKLIST:
This checklist is to be duly completed by the student and verified by the Supervisor,
Project Coordinator and HOD.
1.
Yes / No
2.
Yes / No
3.
Yes / No
4.
Yes / No
Yes / No
(a)
Yes / No
5.
format?
7.
Yes / No
Yes / No
(i).
Yes / No
(ii).
Yes / No
8.
(iii).
Yes / No
(iv).
Yes / No
(v).
Yes / No
Yes / No
work?
9.
10.
Yes / No
Have the References been cited inside the text of the Report?
Yes / No
Yes / No
Yes / No
Declaration by Student
I certify that I have properly verified all the items in the checklist and
ensure that the report is in proper format as specified in the course
handout.
Verification by Supervisor
I have duly verified all the items in the checklist and ensured that the
report is in proper format.
Name: Mr. DEVENDER JHANGAR
Place: SBIT, Sonepat
Date: August 5, 2013
Signature of the Supervisor: