List of Presidents of the United States

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"Presidents of the United States," "American Presidents," and "U.S. Presidents" redirect here. For the CSPAN series, see American Presidents: Life Portraits. For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). For lists of U.S. Presidents based on other criteria such as age or home state, see Template:Lists of US Presidents and Vice Presidents.

The White House, the president's official residence and center of the administration

Under the United States Constitution, the President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. As chief of the executive branch and head of the federal government as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in the United States by influence and recognition. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is indirectly elected to a four-year term by an Electoral College (or by the House of Representatives should the Electoral College fail to award an absolute majority of votes to any person). Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected President more than twice, and no one who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected may be elected more than once.[1] Upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of an incumbent President, the Vice President assumes the office. The President must be at least 35 years of age, has to live in the United States for 14 years, and has to be a "natural born" citizen of the United States. This list includes only those persons who were sworn into office as president following the ratification of the United States Constitution, which took effect on March 4, 1789. For American leaders before this ratification, see President of the Continental Congress.[2] The list does not include any Acting Presidents under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

There have been 43 people sworn into office, and 44 presidencies, as Grover Cleveland served two nonconsecutive terms and is counted chronologically as both the 22nd and 24th president. Of the individuals elected as president, four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison,[3] Zachary Taylor,[4] Warren G. Harding,[5] and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln,[6] James A. Garfield,[6][7] William McKinley,[8] and John F. Kennedy) and one resigned (Richard Nixon).[9] George Washington, the first president, was inaugurated in 1789 after a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. William Henry Harrison spent the shortest time in office with 32 days in 1841. Franklin D. Roosevelt spent the longest with over twelve years, but died shortly into his fourth term in 1945; he is the only president to have served more than two terms. A constitutional amendment, affecting presidents after Harry Truman, was passed to limit the number of times an individual can be elected president. Andrew Jackson, the seventh president, was the first to beelected by men of all classes in 1828 after most laws barring non-land-owners from voting were repealed. Warren Harding was the first elected after women gained voting rights in 1920. Four presidents John Q. Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin Harrison and George W. Bush lost the popular vote but assumed office. John F. Kennedy has been the only president of Roman Catholic faith, and the current president, Barack Obama, is the first president of recent African descent.[10] The listing below is complete for the current government of the USA. For this country, however, there were prior governments (including that under the Articles of Confederation). Prior to George Washington as first president under the current constitution, there were twelve people in leadership over the government of the United States of America who held the title of "President". Also during the Civil War, there was the position of "President of the Confederate States of America" in an entity separate from the USA, and this position was held by one person.
Contents
[hide]

1 List of presidents 2 Living former presidents 3 Timeline 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links

List of presidents
Parties

No party

Federalist

Democratic-Republican

Democratic

Whig

Republican

President

Took office

Left office

Party

Te Vice rm Previous office Presiden [n 1] t 1

Georg e Washi ngton

(1732 1799)
] [11][12][13

(178 9)

April 30, 1789

[n 2]

March Indepen 4, 1797 dent[14]

2
(179 2)

Commander-inChiefof the Continental Army

(17751783)

John Adams

John Adams 2
(1735 1826)
[15][16][17 ]

March March Federali 4, 1801 4, 1797 st [n 3]

3
(179 6)

Vice President

Thoma s Jeffers on Aaron Burr

March 4, 1801 March 4, 1805

4 Thoma s Democr Jeffers March March aticon 4, 1801 4, 1809 Republi (1743 1826) can [18][19][20
]

(180 0)

Vice President 5
(180 4)

George Clinton
[n 4]

March 4, 1805 April 20, 1812

6
(180 8)

Vacant[n
5]

April 20, 1812 March 4, 1813

James Madis on
(1751 1836)
[21][22][23 ]

Democr March March atic4, 1809 4, 1817 Republi can 7

(181 2)

Secretary of State
(18011809)

Elbridg e Gerry[n
4]

March 4, 1813 Novemb er 23, 1814

Vacant[n
5]

November 23, 1814 March 4,

1817

8
(181 6)

James Monro Democr e March March atic(1758 4, 1817 4, 1825 Republi 1831) [24][25][26 can
]

9
(182 0)

Secretary of State
(18111817)

Daniel D. Tompk ins

John Quinc Democr y March 10 March aticAdams 4, 1829 (182 4, 1825 Republi 4) (1767 [n 3] 1848) can [27][28][29
]

Secretary of State
(18171825)

John C. Calhou n[n 6]

March 4, 1825 Decembe r 28, 1832

Andre w Jackso n
(1767 1845)
[30][31][32 ]

11
(182 8)

Vacant[n
5]

March March Democr 4, 1829 4, 1837 atic 12

(183 2)

U.S. Senator from Te nnessee

(18231825)

December 28, 1832 March 4, 1833

Martin Van Buren

March 4, 1833 March 4, 1837

Martin Van Buren March March Democr 13 4, 1841 (1782 (183 Vice President 4, 1837 atic [n 3] 1862) 6)
[33][34][35 ]

Richar d Mentor Johnso n

Willia m Henry Harris March April 4, 1841 on 4, 1841 [n 4]

(1773 1841)
] [36][37][38

Whig

Minister to Colombia
(18281829)

John Tyler

Whig
April 4, 1841 September 13, 1841

14
(184 0)

1 0

John Tyler
(1790 1862)
[39][40][41 ]

April 4, March 1841 4, 1845 Indepen dent[n 8]

September 13, 1841 March 4, 1845

Vice President
[n 7]

Vacant[n
5]

1 1

James K. Polk
(1795 1849)
[42][43][44 ]

March March Democr 15 (184 4, 1845 4, 1849 atic 4)

Governor of Tennessee
(18391841)

George M. Dallas

1 2

Zacha ry Taylor
(1784 1850)
[45][46][47 ]

March 4, 1849

July 9, 1850
[n 4]

Whig

U.S. Army Major generalfrom the 1st Infantry Regiment

(18461849)

Millard Fillmor e

16
(184 8)

1 3

Millar d Fillmo re
(1800 1874)
[48][49][50 ]

July 9, 1850

March 4, 1853
[n 9]

Whig

Vice President

Vacant[n
5]

Willia m R. King[n
4]

1 4

Frankl in Pierce
(1804 1869)
[51][52][53 ]

March 4, 1853 April 18, 1853

U.S. Army Brigadier March March Democr 17 generalfrom (185 4, 1853 4, 1857 atic 2) the 9th Infantry Regiment Vacant[n
(1847-1848)
5]

April 18, 1853 March 4, 1857

1 5

James Bucha nan

(1791 1868)
[54][55][56 ]

March March Democr 18 (185 4, 1857 4, 1861 atic 6)

Minister to the United Kingdom

(18531856)

John C. Brecki nridge

Abrah

March

April

Republi 19

U.S.

Hannib

4, 1861 am Lincol n
(1809 1865)
[57][58][59 ]

15, 1865
[n 10]

can

(186 0)

Representative f rom Illinois

(18471849)

al Hamlin
March 4, 1861 March 4, 1865

Republi can
National [n 11] Union

Andre w Johnso n
March 4, 1865 April 15, 1865

20 Andre w Johnso n
(1808 1875)
] [60][61][62

1 7

April 15, 1865

Democr atic March 4, 1869

National [n 11] Union

(186 4)

Vice President

Vacant
[n 5]

Indepen dent[n 12]

21
(186 8)

Schuyl er Colfax
March 4, 1869 March 4, 1873

1 8

Ulysse s S. Grant
(1822 1885)
[63][64][65 ]

March March Republi 4, 1869 4, 1877 can 22

(187 2)

Commanding Generalof the U.S. Army

(18641869)

Henry Wilson
[n 4]

March 4, 1873 Novemb er 22, 1875

Vacant[n
5]

November 22, 1875 March 4, 1877

1 9

Ruther ford B. Hayes March March Republi 23 (1822 (187 4, 1877 4, 1881 can 1893) 6)
[66][67][68 ]

Governor of Ohio
(18681872, 1876 1877)

Willia m A. Wheele r

2 0

James A. Septem Garfiel March ber 19, Republi d 4, 1881 1881 can (1831
1881)
[69][70][71 ] [n 10]

U.S. Representative f rom Ohio

(18631881)

Chester A. Arthur

24
(188 0)

2 1

Cheste r A. Arthur Septem March Republi ber 19, (1829 4, 1885 can 1886) 1881 [72][73][74
]

Vice President

Vacant[n
5]

2 2

Grove r Clevel March March Democr 25 1889 (188 and 4, 1885 4, [n atic 3] 4)
(1837 1908)
[75][76]

Thoma s A. Hendri cks[n 4] Governor of New York

(18831885) March 4, 1885 Novemb er 25, 1885

Vacant[n
5]

November 25, 1885 March 4, 1889

2 3

Benja min Harris on

(1833 1901)
[77][78][79 ]

U.S. March March Republi 26 Senator from In (188 4, 1889 4, 1893 can diana 8)
(18811887)

Levi P. Morton

2 4

Grove r Clevel March March Democr 27 (189 and 4, 1893 4, 1897 atic 2)
(1837 1908)
[75][76]

President
(18851889)

Adlai Steven son I

Garret Hobart[
n 4]

28
(189 6)

March 4, 1897 Novemb er 21, 1899

2 5

Willia m Septem McKin March ber 14, Republi ley 4, 1897 1901 can (1843
1901)
[80][81][82 ] [n 10]

Vacant[n
5]

Governor of Ohio
(18921896)

November 21, 1899 March 4, 1901

Theodo re Roosev elt 29

(190 0) March 4, 1901 Septemb er 14, 1901

2 6

Theod Septem March ore Republi Roosev ber 14, 4, 1909 can [n 9] 1901 elt
(1858

Vacant[n
5]

Vice President

September 14, 1901 March 4, 1905

1919)
[83][84][85 ]

30
(190 4)

Charles W. Fairban ks
March 4, 1905 March 4, 1909

2 7

Willia m Howar March 31 d Taft March 4, 1913 Republi (190 4, 1909 can (1857 [n 3] 8)
1930)
] [86][87][88

James S. Sherma n[n 4] Secretary of War

(19041908) March 4, 1909 October 30, 1912

Vacant[n
5]

October 30, 1912 March 4, 1913

32
(191 2)

2 8

Woodr ow Wilson March March Democr (1856 4, 1913 4, 1921 atic 33 1924)
[89][90][91 ]

Governor of New Jersey

(19111913)

(191 6)

Thoma s R. Marsha ll

2 9

Warre n G. Hardi ng
(1865 1923)
[92][93][94 ]

August March Republi 2, 1923 4, 1921 can [n 4] 34

(192 0)

U.S. Senator from O hio

(19151921)

Calvin Coolid ge

Vacant[n
5]

3 0

Calvin Coolid ge August March Republi (1872 2, 1923 4, 1929 can 1933)
[95][96][97 ]

August 2, 1923 March 4, 1925

Vice President 35
(192 4)

Charles G. Dawes
March 4, 1925 March 4, 1929

3 1

Herbe rt Hoove r
(1874 1964)
[98][99][10 0]

March March Republi 36 4, 1933 (192 4, 1929 can [n 3] 8)

Secretary of Commerce
(19211928)

Charles Curtis

37
(193 2)
[n 13]

John Nance Garner

March 4, 1933 January 20, 1941

38
(193 6)

3 2

Frankl in D. Roosev April 12 39 March 4 Democr (194 elt , 1945 , 1933 atic (1882 [n 4] 0)
1945)
[101][102][ 103]

Governor of New York

(19291932)

Henry A. Wallac e
January 20, 1941 January 20, 1945

Harry S. Truma n 40
(194 4) January 20, 1945 April 12, 1945

Vacant[n
5]

3 3

Harry S. Truma n
(1884 1972)
[104][105][ 106]

April 12, 1945 January 20, 1949

April 12, 1945

January Democr 20, atic 1953 41

(194 8)

Vice President

Alben W. Barkle y
January 20, 1949 January 20, 1953

3 4

Dwigh January January Republi 42 Supreme Allied (195 20, 20, can Commander t D. 2)

Richar d

Eisenh ower
(1890 1969)
[107][108][ 109]

1953

1961
[n 14]

Europe 43
(195 6) (19491952)

Nixon

3 5

John F. Kenne January Novemb er 22, Democr dy 20, 1963 atic (1917 1961 [n 10] 1963)
[110][111][ 112]

U.S. Senator from M assachusetts 44

(196 0) (19531960)

Lyndo n B. Johnso n

Vacant[n
5]

November 22, 1963 January 20, 1965

3 6

Lyndo n B. Johnso Novemb January Democr er 22, 20, n atic 1963 1969 (1908
1973)
[113][114]

Vice President 45
(196 4)

Hubert Humph rey

January 20, 1965 January 20, 1969

3 7

46 Richar (196 d 8) Nixon January August Republi Vice President 20, 9, 1974 (1913 (19531961) can [n 6] 47 1994) 1969 [115][116][
117]

Spiro Agnew
[n 6]

(197 2)

January 20, 1969 October 10, 1973

Vacant[n
5]

October 10, 1973 December 6, 1973

Gerald Ford
December 6, 1973 August 9, 1974

Vacant[n
5]

August 9, 1974 December 19, 1974

3 8

Gerald Ford
(1913 2006)
[118][119][ 120]

August 9, 1974

January Republi 20, can 1977

Vice President

Nelson Rockef eller

December 19, 1974 January 20, 1977

3 9

Jimmy Carter January January 20, Democr 48 (born 20, (197 1924) 1981 atic 6) [121][122][ 1977 [n 3]
123]

Governor of Georgia
(19711975)

Walter Monda le

4 0

Ronal January January Republi 49 (198 20, 20, can d 0)

Governor of California

George H. W.

Reaga n
(1911 2004)
[124][125][ 126]

1981

1989 50
(198 4)

(19671975)

Bush

4 1

Georg e H. January W. January 20, Republi 51 Bush 20, (198 Vice President 1993 can (born 8) 1989 [n 3] 1924)
[127][128][ 129]

Dan Quayle

4 2

52 (199 Bill 2) Clinto January January n Democr 20, 20, (born atic 53 1946) 1993 2001 [130][131][
132]

Governor of Arkansas
(19791981, 1983 1992)

Al Gore

(199 6)

4 3

54 (200 Georg 0) e W. January January Bush Republi 20, 20, (born can 55 1946) 2001 2009 [133][134][
135]

Governor of Texas
(19952000)

Dick Cheney

(200 4)

4 4

[136][137][ 138]

56 Barac (200 k 8) U.S. Obam January Incumb Democr Senator from Illi a 20, ent atic (born nois 57 2009 1961) (20052008)
(201 2)

Joe Biden

Living former presidents

As of January 2014, there are four living former presidents:

President

Term of office

Date of birth

Jimmy Carter

19771981

October 1, 1924 (age 89)

George H. W. Bush

19891993

June 12, 1924 (age 89)

Bill Clinton

19932001

August 19, 1946 (age 67)

George W. Bush

20012009

July 6, 1946 (age 67)

The most recent death of a former president was that of Gerald Ford (197477) on December 26, 2006, aged 93.