USAN STEM LIST

STEM -abine -ac -acetam -adol or -adolDEFINITION (see -arabine, -citabine) anti-inflammatory agents (acetic acid derivatives) (see -racetam) analgesics (mixed opiate receptor agonists/ antagonists) tazadolene spiradolene levonantradol carbadox alprafenone diprafenonex tadalafil lorajmine magaldrate dabuzalgron labetalol medroxalol tafamidis EXAMPLES

bromfenac dexpemedolac

-adox -afenone

antibacterials (quinoline dioxide derivatives) antiarrhythmics (propafenone derivatives)

-afil -aj-aldrate -algron -alol

PDE5 inhibitors antiarrhythmics (ajmaline derivatives) antacid aluminum salts alpha1 - and alpha2 - adrenoreceptor agonists combined alpha and beta blockers

-amidis -amivir -ampa

antimyloidotics (see -vir) ionotropic non-NMDA glutamate receptors (AMPA and/or KA receptors)

subgroup: -ampanel -ampator -anib subgroup: -siranib

antagonists modulators angiogenesis inhibitors

becampanel forampator pegaptanib cediranib

siRNA

bevasiranib

-andr-anserin

androgens serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonists

nandrolone altanserin tropanserin adatanserin carbantel

-antel subgroup: -quantel -antrone -apsel -arabine

anthelmintics (undefined group)

2-deoxoparaherquamide A derivatives antineoplastics; anthraquinone derivatives P-selectin antagonists inhibiting all selectin types antineoplastics (arabinofuranosyl derivatives) fludarabine antiviral (arildone derivatives)

derquantel pixantrone torapsel fazarabine

aril-, -aril, -aril-

pleconaril arildone fosarilate lobenzarit clobuzarit dicumarol dronedarone

-arit

antirheumatics (lobenzarit type)

-arol -arone subgroup: -iodarone -arot-

anticoagulants (dicumarol type) antiarrhythmics

indicates high iodine content arotinoids

amiodarone etarotene sumarotene tazarotene bexarotene linarotene tazarotene darinaparsin arteflene

-arotene

arotinoid derivatives

-arsin arte-

organoarsenic compounds antimalarials (artemisin derivatives)

-ase subgroup: -dismase

enzymes

alglucerase dornase alfa

superoxide dismutase activity (exception: orgotein) tissue-type plasminogen activators

sudismase

-teplase

alteplase duteplase silteplase saruplase nasaruplase

-uplase

urokinase-type plasminogen activators

-ast

antiasthmatics/antiallergics (not acting primarily as antihistamines; leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors)

subgroup: -lukast leukotriene receptor antagonists cinalukast pobilukast piclamilast seratrodast eclazolast ontazolast valategrast

-milast -trodast -zolast -tegr-

type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitors thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists benzoxazole derivatives integrin antagonists

-(a)tadine

tricyclic histaminic-H1 receptor antagonists, loratadine derivatives

desloratadine rupatadine somantadine ebastine

-astine

antihistaminics (histamine-H1 receptor antagonists) tricyclic antiasthmatics

-atadine

olopatadine loratadine

-axine -(f)axine

antianxiety, antidepressant inhibitor of norepinephrine and dopamine re-uptake radafaxine

-azenil

benzodiazepine receptor agonists/antagonists antianxiety agents (diazepam type) cholecystokinin receptor antagonists narcotic antagonists/agonists (6,7-benzomorphan derivatives) antihistamines/local vasoconstrictors (antazoline type) antihypertensives (prazosin type) beta-lactamase inhibitors tranquilizers/antiepileptics (propanediol and pentanediol groups) barbituric acid derivatives

bretazenil flumazenil lorazepam devazepide quadazocine ketazocine antazoline

-azepam -azepide -azocine

-azoline

-azosin -bactam -bamate

doxazosin sulbactam meprobamate felbamate phenobarbital secobarbital eterobarb aderbasib

-barb or -barb-

-basib

inhibitors of the ADAM (A disintegrin and A metalloprotease) enzymes (sheddases) beta 3 adrenoreceptor agonist anthelmintics (tibendazole type) beta estrogen receptor agonist anticonvulsants; antimigraine (benzoylamino-benzpyran derivatives) anabolic steroids

-begron -bendazole -berel -bersat

talibegron cambendazole prinaberel carabersat tidembersat bolandiol mibolerone indobufen

bol- or -bol-bufen

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, fenbufen derivatives antineoplastics (mitotic inhibitors; tubulin binders) antiseptics (dapabutan type)

-bulin -butan

mivobulin dapabutan lopobutan

-butazone

anti-inflammatory analgesics (phenylbutazone type) cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein modulators local anesthetics calcium receptor antagonists vitamin D analogues

mofebutazone

-caftor

ivacaftor

-caine -caleret calci- or -calci-camra

dibucaine ronacaleret calcipotriene tacalcitol tremacamra

antivirals (intracellular adhesion molecules, icam-1 derivatives) camphorsulfonic acid derivatives used as UVA sunscreens agonists of the Gardos channel, or the calcium activated potassium channel of intermediate conductance catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors caspase (interleukin 1b) converting enzyme inhibitors serotonin receptor agonists, primarily 5-HT2 (see -stat) antibiotics (carbacephem derivatives) cathespin inhibitors (see -vir) cephalosporins receptor molecules, native or modified (a preceding infix should designate the target)

-camsule

ecamsule

-capoc

senicapoc

-capone -casan -caserin -castat -carbef -catib -cavir cef-cept

entacapone pralnacasan lorcaserin vabicaserin

loracarbef balicatib

cefazolin alvircept

subgroups: -bacept -coB-cells complement receptors briobacept mirococept

-facept

lymphocyte function-associated with antigen 3 (LFA) receptor interferon receptors lymphocyte function-associated interleukins tumor necrosis factor receptors T-cells transforming growth factor antiviral receptors CRF-1 (corticotropin releasing factor) receptor antagonists receptors (small molecule)

alefacept

-farcept -lefacept -nacept -nercept -tacept -tercept -vircept -cerfont

bifarcept alefacept rilonacept lenercept belatacept sotatercept alvircept pexacerfont

-cet subgroup: -calcet -cetrapib -cic -ciclib

calcium receptor agonists cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors hepatoprotectives (timonacic type) cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (formerly cidib) (see vir-) natural antibiotics (undefined group) guanaline cyclase activator

tecalcet torcetrapib limazocic seliciclib

-ciclovir -cidin -ciguat

gramicidin ataciguat, atriciguat ampicillin vercirnon

-cillin -cirnon

penicillins CCR receptor antagonists

-citabine

nucleoside antiviral or antineoplastic agents, cytarabine or azarabine derivatives

gemcitabine fiacitabine zalcitabine vedaclidine talsaclidine elesclomol pagoclone oxeclosporin fluconazole oxiconazole mapracorat hydrocortisone celecoxib parecoxib valdecoxib

-clidine/ -clidinium -clomol -clone -closporin -conazole

muscarinic receptor agonists/antagonists

heat-shock protein inducers, bimoclomal type hypnotics/tranquilizers (zopiclone type) cyclosporine derivatives systemic antifungals (miconazole type)

-corat -cort-coxib

glucocorticoid receptor agonists (not glucocorticoids) cortisone derivatives cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors

-cridar -crinat -crine

(see -dar) diuretics (ethacrynic acid derivatives) acridine derivatives brocrinat amsacrine quinacrine nedocromil atracurium alcuronium pipecuronium antibiotics (tetracycline derivatives) minocycline

-cromil -curium

antiallergics (cromoglicic acid derivatives) neuromuscular blocking agents (quaternary (also ammonium compounds)

-curonium -cycline

-dan

positive inotropic agents (pimobendan type) antimycobacterials (diaminodiphenylsulfone derivatives)

prinoxodan indolidan acedapsone

-dapsone

-dar subgroups: -cridar -icodar -quidar

multidrug resistance inhibitors

acridine carboxamide derivatives pipecolic acid derivatives quinoline derivatives

elacridar biricodar lamiquidar zozuquidar valspodar vismodegib preladenant tecadenoson, binodenoson romidepsin

-spodar -degib -denant -denoson

ciclosporin D derivatives hedgehog signaling inhibitors adenosine 2A antagonists adenosine A receptor agonists

-depsin -dermin dil-, -dilor -dil -dipine

depsipeptide derivatives (see -ermin) vasodilators (undefined group)

fostedil

phenylpyridine vasodilators (nifedipine type) (see -ase) (see -stim) antimigraine (5-HT1 receptor agonists) acaricide/tick repellent thalidomide derivatives dopamine receptor agonists dopamine D2 receptor modulator

darodipine felodipine

-dismase -distim -ditan -ditraz -domide -dopa -dopidine

alniditan demiditraz lenalidomide levodopa pridopidine

-dore

dopamine D2D3 receptor modulators synthetic analogs of the dolastatin series antihypertensives (hydrazine-phthalazines)

aplindore fumarate tasidotin HCl hydralazine endralazine etidronate tiludronate

-dotin -dralazine

-dronate

calcium metabolism regulators

-dutant -ectedin -ectin

(see -tant) ecteinascodin derivatives antiparasitics (ivermectin type) monectedin doramectin moxidectin

-elestat -elvekin -emcinal

(see -stat) (see -kin) erythromycin derivatives lacking antibiotic activity; motilin agonists endothelin receptor antagonists (see -kin) ergot alkaloid derivatives analgesics (meperidine type) growth factors pergolide anileridine mitemcinal

-entan -eptakin -erg-eridine -ermin subgroups: -bermin -dermin -fermin -nermin

bosentan

vascular endothelial growth factors epidermal growth factors fibroblast growth factors tumor necrosis factors

telbermin murodermin ersofermin sonermin tasonermin becaplermin

-plermin

platelet derived growth factors

-sermin -termin -otermin -espib estr- or -estr-estrant -etanide -exakin -farin -farnib -fenacin -fenamate -fenamic acid -fenin

insulin-like growth factors transforming growth factors bone morphogenetic proteins heat shock protein inhibitors estrogens

mecasermin cetermin dibotermin alfa ganetespib estrone fenestrel fulvestrant bumetanide

estrogen antagonists diuretics (piretanide type) (see -kin) warfarin analogs farnesyl transferase inhibitor muscarinic receptor antagonists "fenamic acid" ester or salt derivatives anti-inflammatory agents (anthranilic acid derivatives) diagnostic aids ((phenylcarbamoyl)methyl iminodiacetic acid derivatives) analgesics (fenamic acid subgroup) norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine reuptake inhibitor narcotic analgesics (fentanyl derivatives)

tecarfarin tipifarnib darifenacin etofenamate flufenamic acid arclofenin

-fenine -fensine

floctafenine brasofensine

-fentanil

alfentanil mirfentanil brifentanil pumafentrine

-fentrine -fermin -fetamin(e)

phosphodiesterase inhibitor (see -ermin) amfetamine derivatives

levmetamfetamine

10

-fexor-/ -fexorate -fiban

farnesoid X receptor agonists

turofexorate

fibrinogen receptor antagonists (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists) (see -tide) antihyperlipidemics (clofibrate type) hydrophilic contact lens materials

lamifiban tirofiban

-fibatide -fibrate -filcon

bezafibrate alphafilcon A xylofilcon A mipafilcon A cedefingol safingol quiflapon enflurane

-fingol

sphingosine derivatives

-flapon -flurane

5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitors general inhalation anesthetics (halogenated alkane derivatives) hydrophobic contact lens materials

-focon

trifocon A pasifocon B satafocon A buformin fosinoprilat vintafolide palifosfamide mibefradil viridofulven kalafungin enprofylline bamifylline cipamfylline

-formin -fo(s)-fol-fosfamide -fradil -fulven -fungin -fylline

hypoglycemics (phenformin type) phosphoro-derivatives incorporates folic acid isophosphoramide mustard derivatives calcium channel blockers acting as vasodilators antineoplastic, acylfulven derivatives antifungal antibiotics (undefined group) theophylline derivatives

11

-gabgado-

gabamimetics gadolinium derivatives (principally for diagnostic use)

fengabine gadodiamide gadoteridol gadobenate iseganan pexiganan omigapil efegatran telcagepant megestrol selegiline mitogillin gliflumide piragliatin sergliflozin repaglinide mitiglinide vildagliptin farglitizar ciglitazone rosiglitazone amiglumide Itriglumide raseglurant

-ganan

antimicrobial, bactericidal permeability increasing polypeptide neuronal apoptosis inhibitors; GAPDH thrombin inhibitors (argatroban type) calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists progestins MAO inhibitors, type B antibiotics (Aspergillus strains) antihyperglycemics glucokinase activator phlorozin derivatives, phenolic glycosides antidiabetic, SGLT2 inhibitors, not phlorozin derivatives

-gapil -gatran -gepant -gest-giline -gillin gli-gliatin -gliflozin -glinide

-gliptin -glitazar -glitazone

dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-IV inhibitors PPAR agonists (not thiazolidene derivatives) PPST agonists (thiazolidene derivatives)

-glumide

CCK antagonists, antiulcer, anxiolytic agent

-glurant

metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists, negative allosteric modulators GnRH receptor antagonists (nonpeptide) (see -vir) (see -stim)

-golix -gosivir -gramostim

sufugolix

12

-grastim -grel- or -grel

(see -stim) platelet aggregation inhibitors, primarily platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonists itazigrel dimetagrel furegrelate guanoctine barixibat

guan-ibat

antihypertensives (guanidine derivatives) ileal bile acid transport inhibitor

-icam

anti-inflammatory agents (isoxicam type)

enolicam tenoxicam nitromifene raloxifene droloxifene ibutilide risotilide dofetilide merimepodib forfenimex roquinimex ubenimex eldacimibe avasimibe pactimibe ivarimod pidotimod

-ifen(e)

antiestrogens of the clomifene and tamoxifen groups

-ilide

class III antiarrhythmic agents

-imepodib -imex

inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors immunostimulants

-imibe-

antihyperlipidaemics, acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors

-imod subgroup: -mapimod -tirimod -tolimod

immunomodulators

mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors napthyridine analogs toll-like receptor agonist

dormapimod eptirimod,sortirimod agatolimod rintatolimod

13

-imus

immunosuppressives

tacrolimus napirimus gusperimus

subgroup: -rolimus io-irudin -isant -isomide -ium (also -onium) -ivon -ixafor -kacin immunosuppressant, rapamycin derivatives iodine-containing contrast media anticoagulants (hirudin type) histamine H3 receptor antagonists antiarrhythmics (disopyramide derivatives) quaternary ammonium derivatives sirolimus iodamide desirudin cipralisant bidisomide disiquonium polixetonium egaptivon pegol plerixafor amikacin

Von Willebrand factor inhibitors CXCR4 antagonists antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces kanamyceticus (related to kanamycin) potassium channel antagonists

-kalant

almokalant terikalant cromakalim aprikalim flindokalner

-kalim

potassium channel agonists

-kalner

opener of large conductance calcium-activated (maxi-k) K+ channels enkephalin agonists (various indications) interleukins

-kef-

metkephamide casokefamide

-kin subgroups: -decakin -dodekin -elvekin

interleukin-10 analogues and derivatives interleukin-12 analogues and derivatives interleukin-11 analogues and derivatives

ilodecakin edodekin alfa oprelvekin

14

-enicokin -eptakin -exakin -leukin

interleukin-21 interleukin-7 analogues and derivatives interleukin-6 analogues and derivatives interleukin-2 analogues and derivatives

denenicokin

atexakin alfa teceleukin aldesleukin

-nakin

interleukin-1 analogues and derivatives

subgroups: -onakin interleukin-1- analogues and derivatives -benakin -nonakin -octakin -penkin -trakin -kinra subgroups: -nakinra -kiren interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonists renin inhibitors interleukin-1- analogues and derivatives interleukin-9 analogues and derivatives interleukin-8 analogues and derivatives interleukin-5 analogues and derivatives interleukin-4 analogues and derivatives interleukin receptor antagonists

pitonakin mobenakin

emoctakin

binetrakin

anakinra ditekiren terlakiren zankiren tirilazad metreleptin

-lazad -leptin -leukin -leuton

lipid peroxidation inhibitors leptin derivatives (see -kin) 5-lipoxgenase inhibitors

setileuton fenleuton ibrolipim pictilisib

-lipim -lisib

lipoprotein lipase activators phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors

15

-locib

antineoplastics that inhibit the formation of 5-LO, LTB4, LTC4, and thromboxane B2 (TxB2); and Activate PPAR nuclear receptors leukotriene receptor antagonists (treatment of inflammatory skin disorders) (see -ast) inducers of ribosomal readthrough of nonsense mutation mRNA stop codons non-steroid antiandrogens

etalocib

-lubant

ticolubant

-lukast -luren

ataluren

-lutamide

bicalutamide flutamide daglutril

-lutril

neutral endopeptidase inhibitors possessing additional endothelin converting enzyme inhibitory activity monoclonal antibodies

-mab

imciromab abciximab capromab dacliximab detumomab enlimomab

-axo-kin-les-ne(r)-os-toxa-xizu-manid -mantadine or -mantine -mastat

rat-murine hybrid antibodies interleukins as target infix for inflammatory/infectious lesions neurologic indications (replaces -neu-) bone toxin as a target combination of humanized and chimeric chains mycolic acid inhibitors antivirals/antiparkinsonians (adamantane derivatives) (see -stat) delamanid rimantadine dopamantine denosumab urtoxazumab

16

-meline

cholinergic agonists (arecoline derivatives used in treatment of Alzheimer's disease) selective melatonin receptor agonist polymers

xanomeline

-melteon -mer

ramelteon cadexomer carbetimer igmesine panamesine plomestane zidometacin

-mesine

sigma receptor ligands

-mestane -metacin

antineoplastics (aromatase inhibitors) anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin type) antibiotics (Micromonospora strains)

-micin

maduramicin gentamicin gloximonam oximonam tigemonam

-monam

monobactam antibiotics

-morelin -moren -mostim -motine -moxin

(see -relin) non-peptidic growth hormone secretagogues (see -stim) antivirals (quinoline derivatives) monoamine oxidase inhibitors (hydrazine derivatives) famotine benmoxin domoxin retapamulin ismomultin carmustine ibutamoren

-mulin -multin -mustine

antibacterials, pleuromulin derivatives mucosal tolerance inductors antineoplastics (chloroethylamine derivatives) antibiotics (Streptomyces strains)

-mycin

lincomycin

17

nab- or -nabsubgroup: -nabant -nakalant -nakin nal-

cannabinol derivatives

nabazenil dronabinol

CB cannabinoid receptor antagonists mixed sodium/potassium channel blockers (see -kin) narcotic agonists/antagonists (normorphine type) inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) inhibitors (see vir-) non-prostanoid prostaglandin receptor agonists (see -cept) (see -ermin) neurotensin receptor antagonists kinesin inhibitors (see -tant) neurotensin receptor antagonists; neurotropins nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonists/agonists nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (tenidap type) antiprotozoal substances (metronidazole type) 5-nitrofuran derivatives

rimonabant vernakalant

nalmefene

-napant -navir -nepag -nercept -nermin -nertant -nesib -netant -neurin

birinapant

evatanepag

reminertant ispinesib

abrineurin

-nicline -nidap

altinicline ilonidap tenidap tinidazole nifuratel nifuratrone

-nidazole nifur-

18

-nil subgroup: -punil

benzodiazepine receptor antagonists/agonists

mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor (MBR) selective, partial, or inverse agonists (purine derivatives) benzodiazepine receptor agonists, also partial or inverse (quinoline derivatives) anti-inflammatory agents (anilinonicotinic acid derivatives) (see -kin) (see -kin) beta-blockers (propranolol type)

emapunil

-quinil

lirequinil clonixin

-nixin

-nonakin -octakin -olol

timolol atenolol minaxolone amcinonide sagopilone bevenopran fludorex suvorexant dextromethorphan

-olone -onide -opilone -opran -orex -orexant -orphan

steroids (not prednisolone derivatives) topical steroids (acetal derivatives) epothilones opioid receptor antagonists anorexiants orexin antagonists narcotic antagonists/agonists (morphinan derivatives) dextrorphan urotensin receptor antagonists hepatoprotectants, di-isopropyl-1,3-dithiolmalonate derivatives antibacterials (quinolone derivatives)

-osuran -otilate

palosuran mivotilate

-oxacin

difloxacin ciprofloxacin imiloxan

-oxan

alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists (benzodioxane derivatives)

19

-oxanide -oxef -oxetine subgroup: -tioxetine

antiparasitics (salicylanilide derivatives) antibiotics (oxacefalosporanic acid derivatives) antidepressants (fluoxetine type)

bromoxanide flomoxef dapoxetine seproxetine

thioether derivatives

tedatioxetine

-oxin

fluoroquinolone derivatives, nonantibacterial indications (e.g., antineoplastic antibiotics) antibody mixtures/polyclonal antibodies, used instead of -mab platelet-activating factor antagonists

voreloxin

-pab

rozrolimupab

-pafant

apafant dacopafant tulopafant lexipafant alipamide

-pamide

diuretics (sulfamoylbenzoic acid derivatives) coronary vasodilators (verapamil type) dopaminergics (butopamine type)

-pamil -pamine

tiapamil fosopamine ibopamine fanapanel irumpanel talampanel rivapansel delparantag

-panel

AMPA receptor antagonists

-pansel -parantag

P-selectin antagonists inhibiting all selectin types antagonists of heparin and/or low molecular weight heparins antithrombotics

-parcil

beciparcil iliparcil avoparcin olaparib

-parcin -parib

glycopeptide antibiotics poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors

20

-parin

heparin derivatives and low molecular weight (or depolymerized) heparins

heparin tinzaparin dalteparin fondaparinux

-parinux

antithrombotic indirect selective synthetic factor Xa inhibitors antithrombotics (heparinoid type)

-paroid

danaparoid sulparoid vorapaxar pegcaristim pegnartograstim pegvisomant tomopenem

-paxar peg-pegpegol -penem

PAR1 antagonists PEGylated compounds (covalent attachment of macrogol (poly(ethyleneglycol)) polymer)

antibacterial antibiotics, carbapenem derivatives (see -kin) blood substitutes and/or diagnostics (perfluorochemicals) antipsychotics (haloperidol type) antipsychotics (risperidone type)

-penkin perflu-

perflubron perflunafene haloperidol risperidone iloperidone ocaperidone velneperit

-peridol -peridone

-perit subgroup: -neperit

neuropeptide Y receptor modulators

neuropeptide Y5

-perone

antianxiety agents/neuroleptics (4'-fluoro-4-piperidinobutyrophenone derivatives) glycine transporter inhibitors acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used in the treatment of Alzheimers disease

duoperone

-pertin -pezil

bitopertin icopezil donepezil

21

-pidem

hypnotics/sedatives (zolpidem type)

zolpidem alpidem doxepin propizepine laropiprant

-pin(e)

tricyclic compounds

-piprant

prostaglandin receptor antagonists, non prostinoid structure 5-HT6 inhibitors

-pirdine

linopirdine besipirdine sibopirdine ciclopirox

-pirox -pitant -plact -pladib -planin

antimycotics (pyridone derivatives) (see -tant) platelet factor 4 analogs and derivatives phospholipase A2 inhibitors antibacterials (Actinoplanes strains)

iroplact ecopladib mideplanin ramoplanin teicoplanin ocriplasmin cisplatin tiplasinin

-plasmin -platin -plasinin -plermin -plestim -plon

plasmin proteins and derivatives antineoplastics (platinum derivatives) inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitors type 1 (see -ermin) (see -stim) non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics erythropoietins

ocinaplon zaleplon epoetin alfa epoetin beta verteporfin

-poetin

-porfin

benzoporphyrin derivatives temoporfin antidepressants (imipramine type) acid pump inhibitors, not dependent on acid activation

-pramine -prazan

lofepramine omidaprazan

22

-prazole subgroup: -maprazole

antiulcer agents (benzimidazole derivatives)

omeprazole disuprazole

acid pump inhibitors

pumaprazole

pred-, -predor -pred

prednisone and prednisolone derivatives

prednicarbate cloprednol oxisopred desmopressin remoxipride zacopride enalapril temocapril spirapril enalaprilat spiraprilat leteprinim ormetoprim asoprisnil quinupristin efepristin mifepristone flurbiprofen

-pressin -pride

vasoconstrictors (vasopressin derivatives) sulpiride derivatives

-pril

antihypertensives (ACE inhibitors)

-prilat

antihypertensives (ACE inhibitors) (diacid analogs of the -pril entity) nootropic agents, purine derivatives antibacterials (trimethoprim type) selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRM) antibacterials, pristinamycin derivatives

-prinim -prim -prisnil -pristin

-pristone -profen

progesterone receptor antagonists anti-inflammatory/analgesic agents (ibuprofen type) prostaglandins

-prostor -prost -protafib -pultide -proget -queside

rioprostil dinoprost ertiprotafib

protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors (see -tide) nonsteroidal ligand for the progesterone receptor cholesterol sequestrants (glycosides)

tanaproget pamaqueside

23

-quiline -racetam -racil

antibiotics, diarylquinoline structure nootropes (piracetam type) uracil type antineoplastics

bedaquiline piracetam eniluracil gemeracil oteracil sorafenib nafarelin

-rafenib -relin

raf kinase inhibitors prehormones or hormone-release stimulating peptides

subgroups: -morelin -tirelin -relix -renone -restat -retin- or -retin -rev -tucirev -rian -ribine rifagrowth hormone-release stimulating peptides thyrotropin releasing hormone analogues hormone-release inhibiting peptides aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone type) (see -stat) retinol derivatives etretinate pelretin dumorelin protirelin detirelix canrenone

therapeutic virus tumoricidal ryanodine receptor modulators ribofuranil derivatives (pyrazofurin type) antibiotics (rifamycin derivatives) lontucirev aladorian loxoribine rifapentine rifampin milrinone reparixin bederocin

-rinone -rixin -rocin

cardiotonics (amrinone type) CXCR2 modulators t-RNA synthetase inhibitors

24

-rozole

aromatase inhibitors (imidazole/triazole derivatives)

letrozole fadrozole vorozole talarozole alicaforsen

-rsen subgroup: -virsen

antisense oligonucleotides

antivirals

afovirsen fomivirsen trecovirsen esorubicin idarubicin mesalamine diflunisal balsalazide enobosarm losartan eprosartan azosemide

-rubicin

antineoplastic antibiotics (daunorubicin type) anti-inflammatory agents (salicylic acid derivatives)

sal-, -salo -sal

-sarm -sartan

selective androgen receptor modulator (non-steroidal) angiotensin II receptor antagonists

-semide -sermin -serod

diuretics (furosemide type) (see -ermin) serotonin receptor antagonists and partial agonists Rauwolfia alkaloid derivatives serine/threonine kinase inhibitors

piboserod

-serpine -sertib

reserpine danusertib tozasertib pumosetrag ondansetron granisetron lurosetron barusiban

-setrag -setron

serotonin 5-HT receptor agonists, not principally 5-HT2 serotonin 5-HT3 antagonists

-siban

oxytocin antagonists

25

-sidomine

antianginals (sydnone derivatives)

pirsidomine molsidomine linsidomine lurasidone ziprasidone

-sidone

antipsychotic with binding activity on serotonin (5HT2A) and dopamine (D2) receptors

som-

growth hormone derivatives

somatrem somatropin sometribove sometripor somagrepor elzasonan zalospirone tiospirone

som- -bove som- -por

bovine somatotropin derivatives porcine somatotropin derivatives

-sonan -spirone -spodar -sporin -stat-, -stat or -statsubgroups: -castat -elestat -folastat -gacestat -glustat -inostat -lanstat -listat -mastat

5-HT1B receptor antagonists anxiolytics (buspirone type) (see -dar) (see closporin) enzyme inhibitors

dopamine -hydrolase (DBH) inhibitors elastase inhibitors folate hydrolose (also called PSMA) inhibitors gamma secretase inhibitors glucosyltransferase inhibitors inhibitors of histone deacetylase lanosterol 14-demethylase inhibitors gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors matrix metalloprotease inhibitors

nepicastat sivelestat iofolastat I 123 semagacestat miglustat dacinostat azalanstat cetilistat batimastat

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-(a)mostat -quistat -restat- or -restat -telstat -tiostat

proteolytic enzyme inhibitors squalene synthase inhibitors aldose-reductase inhibitors

nafamostat lapaquistat ponalrestat tolrestat imetelstat ezatiostat hydrochloride telotristat cindunistat atorvastatin lovastatin pravastatin febuxostat benurestat cilastatin pepstatin testosterone epristeride fenasteride quilostigmine teserstigmine

telomerase inhibitors glutathione -s- transferase inhibitors

-tristat -unistat -vastatin

tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors nitric oxide synthase inhibitors antihyperlipidemics (HMG-CoA inhibitors)

-xostat (other series members)

xanthine oxydase and xanthine urease inhibitor renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor pepsin inhibitor

-ster-steride

steroids (androgens, anabolics) testosterone reductase inhibitors

-stigmine

cholinesterase inhibitors (physostigmine type) colony-stimulating factors

-stim subgroups: -distim

conjugates of two different types of colony-stimulating factors granulocyte macrophage colonystimulating factors (GM-CSF)

milodistim

-gramostim

molgramostim regramostim sargramostim ecogramostim

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-grastim

granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) macrophage colony-stimulating factors (M-CSF) interleukin 3 derivatives; pleiotropic colony-stimulating factors (Nmethyl-D-asparate) NMDA receptor antagonist, glycine recognition site antineoplastics, apoptosis inducing sulfonamide antimicrobials (sulfonamides derivatives) antineoplastics, alkylating agents (methanesulfonate derivatives) pro-apoptotic cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors

filgrastim lenograstim mirimostim

-mostim

-plestim

daniplestim

-stinel

licostinel

-sulam sulfa-sulfan

indisulam sulfasalazine busulfan

-lind subgroups: -sulind

ractalind

antineoplastics, sulindac metabolites

exisulind dractalind mertansine emtansine

-tansine

maytansinoid derivatives

-tant subgroups: -dutant -netant -pitant

tachykinin (neurokinin) receptor antagonists

NK2 receptor antagonists NK3 receptor antagonists NK1 receptor antagonists

saredutant osanetant dapitant zinapitant lanepitant implitapide

-tapide

microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitors antineoplastics, taxane derivatives

-taxel

paclitaxel

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-tecan

antineoplastics (camptothecine derivatives)

topotecan irinotecan becatecarin azetepa

-tecarin -tepa -teplase -termin -terol -tesind

antineoplastics (rebeccamycin derivatives) antineoplastics (thiotepa derivatives) (see -ase) (see -ermin) bronchodilators (phenethylamine derivatives) thymidilate synthetase inhibitors (benzindole derivatives) texaphryn derivatives diuretics (thiazide derivatives) antipsychotics (dibenzothiazepine derivatives) calcium channel blockers (diltiazem type)

albuterol metesind

-texafin -thiazide -tiapine -tiazem

motexafin chlorothiazide quitiapine diltiazem clentiazem iprotiazem icatibant octreotide

-tibant -tide subgroups: -actide -fibatide

antiasthmatics (bradykinin antagonists) peptides

synthetic corticotropins platelet aggregation inhibitors (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists) gap junction protein channel modulators GLP peptide analogs amylin derivatives or mimics peptides with muranic acid present neurologic indications

seractide eptifibatide

-gaptide -glutide -lintide -murtide -netide

rotigaptide liraglutide pramlintide mifamurtide davunetide

29

-paratide -potide -pultide -ritide -zotide

parathyroid hormone related peptide peptides with prostate cancer indications peptides used as pulmonary surfactants atrial natriuretic type substances zonulin antagonists

semparatide tigapotide sinapultide cenderitide larazotide

-tidine

H2-receptor antagonists (cimetidine type) donetidine

lupitidine ranitidine

-tinib

tyrosine kinase inhibitors

canertinib mubritinib

Subgroup: -brutinib -metinib tyrosine kinase inhibitors Brutons (Btk) inhibitors mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors ibrutinib selumetinib trametinib

-tirelin -tirome -tocin -toclax -toin -toran -tox(a)-traline -traposin -trexate

(see -relin) antihyperlipidemic, thyromimetic derivatives oxytocin derivatives BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) inhibitors antiepileptics (hydantoin derivatives) TLR4 receptor antagonists toxins selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) aP2 inhibitors antimetabolites (folic acid derivatives) sobetirome oxytocin obatoclax mesylate albutoin eritoran urtoxazumab sertraline seltraposin methotrexate

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-trexed

antineoplastic thymidylate synthetase inhibitors

pemetrexed ralitrexed nolatrexed mepartricin candoxatril candoxatrilat

-tricin -tril/-trilat

antibiotics (polyene derivatives) endopeptidase inhibitors

subgroup: -patril/ -patrilat ACE (angiotensin-1 converting enzyme) and NEP (neutral endopeptidase) inhibitors omapatrilat

-triptan

antimigraine agents (5-HT1 receptor agonists); sumatriptan derivatives

naratriptan oxitriptan sumatriptan amitriptyline

-triptyline

antidepressants (dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptane derivatives) antithrombotics (thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists) (see -ast) antipsychotics (dopamine D2 antagonists) thrombopoetin agonists atropine derivatives

-troban

daltroban sulotroban

-trodast -troline

carvotroline gevotroline eltrombopag benztropine

-trombopag trop- or -trop-uclin -uplase -uracil

mucosal tolerance inhibitors (see -ase) uracil derivatives used as thyroid antagonists and as antineoplastics urate transporter (e.g., URAT 1) inhibitors pentamidine derivatives/analogues fluorouracil

-urad -(ur)amidine

lesinurad pafuramidine

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-uridine

antivirals; antineoplastics (uridine derivatives) vasopressin receptor antagonists (see -stat) vanilloid 1 receptor antagonist spasmolytic agents (papaverine type)

idoxuridine

-vaptan -vastatin -vatrep -verine

conivaptan relcovaptan

mavatrep mebeverine

vin- or -vin-

vinca alkaloids

vinepidine apovincamine

vir-, -viror -vir

antivirals

ganciclovir enviradine viroxime alvircept delavirdine

subgroups: -amivir -asvir -buvir -cavir -cyclovir/ -ciclovir neuraminidase inhibitors NS5A inhibitors RNA polymerase (NS5B) inhibitor carbocyclic nucleosides antivirals (acyclovir type) zanamivir daclatasvir nesbuvir lobucavir desciclovir famciclovir penciclovir celgosivir droxinavir indinavir ritonavir boceprevir, telaprevir alisporivir

-gosivir -navir

glucosidase inhibitor HIV protease inhibitors (saquinavir type)

-previr -sporivir

serine protease inhibitors cyclosporine derivatives

32

-tegravir -virenz

integrase inhibitors antivirals (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; benzoxazinone derivatives) (see -cept) (see virine) (see vir) antiviral, disrupts viral maturation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, not benzoxazinone derivatives CCR5 antagonists CCR5 antagonists, immunomodulators antineoplastics; antivirals (zidovudine group) (exception: edoxudine) antithrombotic: blood coagulation factor XA inhibitors antiallergic respiratory tract drugs (xanoxic acid derivatives) antineoplastics, mitoxantrone derivatives aza-anthracenedione class of antitumor agents carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

elvitegravir efavirenz

-vircept -virdine -virenz -virimat -virine

bevirimat rilpivirine

-viroc -criviroc -vudine

maraviroc ancriviroc stavudine lamivudine alovudine tamixaban tixanox

-xaban -xanox

-(x)antrone

pixantrone

-zolamide

brinzolamide dorzolamide sezolamide

-zolast -zolid

(see -ast) oxazolidinone antibacterials eperezolid linezolid bortezomib robalzotan sarizotan ibalzotan lecozotan

-zomib -zotan

proteozome inhibitors 5-HT1A receptor agonists/antagonists acting primarily as neuroprotectors

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*This list represents common stems for which chemical and/or pharmacologic parameters have been established. These stems and their definitions have been approved by the USAN Council and are recommended for use in coining new nonproprietary names for drugs that belong to an established series of related agents. The list is not exhaustive in that it does not include all stems used by the Council and other national or international nomenclature groups. It is the nature of the nomenclature process that new, potential stems are constantly being created and that definitions of older stems may need to be modified as new information becomes available. 2/13

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