Water Treatment Technologies: Quality Parameters of Water- 1.Color 2. Odour 3. Turbidity 4. Acidity and alkalinity 5.Turbidity 6.

TDS and TSS 7. Hardness of Water Processes: Pre-treatment: Pre-treatment is done before Primary Treatment Processes it involves boiling of water like if we boil water on 800C then most of the bacteria are killed but some microorganism like Cryptosporidium is not killed so after boiling treatment other treatment like filtration is also required. In sedimentation we settled down the particles by the influence of gravity. In screening we separate the colloidal and suspended impurities of water by using different size (mesh) of screens. In filtration we filter the water using filter media like activated charcoal filter. For successful killing we may do a coating of chemicals like Iodine, Sodium hypochlorite on filter. In Primary treatment we do the ion exchange as water has hardness due to bicarbonates, chloride and sulphate of Ca & Mg so basically using chemicals like lime Ca & Mg ions are exchanged. Activated Carbon has a large degree of Porosity so only 1 gm. of activated carbon has an area of 500m2. So it is used as an adsorbent. In Neutralisation we neutralise acidity (tendency to react with base) and basicity (tendency to react with acids). Desalination is the process in which we removes the salt of water as if it not removed from the water it causes Scaling in equipments like Boiler & Cooling Tower. In Digestion Process we digest the water in the presence (aerobic) and absence (anaerobic) of Oxygen. Disinfection can be done by either using chlorine or by using ultraviolet purification. Iodine Crystals are the better replacement of iodine. In all membrane processes we use a membrane that is made up of Polymeric material like Polystyrene, Polyamide, and Cellulose acetate. This membrane acts as a barrier and using a particular driving force like difference in Pressure and Difference in concentration we do the separation. For Nano filtration particle size in 0.1-0.01nm and pressure range is also small like 0.1-2 bar. In Reverse Osmosis which is most effective membrane process particle size is 0.1-100nm and pressure range is also large. All the membrane process are eco-friendly. Waste of water treatment plant can be decomposed or incinerated. General Problem occur in Industries if the water is not treated: 1. Pulp and Paper Industry: Ash content of the Paper will be high and alums are absorbed so cost of the paper would be high. 2. Sugar Industry: If the water is not pure then crystallisation will not occur. 3. Textile Industry: Dying would not be proper.

List of Companies involved in W & WW Treatment? (Atleast 10) 1. Pentair Water India Pvt. Ltd 2. Krofta Engineering 3. Vision water

4. Veolia water 5. Ide technologies 6. Eureka Forbes 7. Hindustan Unilever 8. Triveni Water 9. KX Technologies 10.