Exclusive

The whistleblower
I cant allow the US government to destroy privacy and basic liberties
guardian.co.uk
America is that nothing will change, he said. People will see in the media all of these disclosures, theyll know the lengths the government is going to to grant themselves powers unilaterally, to create greater control over American society and global society, but they wont be willing to take the risks necessary to stand up and ght to change things, to force their representatives to actually take a stand in their interests, Snowden said. He also sounded a warning to other nations that the US intelligence establishment does not view international treaties as being binding constraints on its operations. Even our agreements with other sovereign governments, we consider that to be a stipulation of policy rather than a stipulation of law, he said. And because of that, a new leader will be elected, theyll ip the switch, say that because of the crisis, because of the dangers we face in the world, you know, some new and unpredicted threat, we need more authority, we need more power. He defended his decision to go to Hong Kong to share his knowledge of NSA operations, pointing out that the enclave had autonomies and freedom not shared by the rest of China. He insisted his intention was not to harm Americas security and pointed out that he had access to a huge amount of information that could have crippled US intelligence collection, but had not given it away. Snowden said that he had raised his concerns at work, but they had been shrugged o, so he felt he had little choice but to go public.

Edward Snowden, , emerges from hiding in Hong Kong IT contractor says his concerns were ignored and he had to go public
Glenn Greenwald Hong Kong Julian Borger
The whistleblower behind the most signicant US intelligence leak in modern times broke cover last night, saying he had decided to leave his position at a National Security Agency (NSA) contractor because he believed its unconstrained collection of electronic intelligence was destroying civil liberties and creating the conditions for tyranny. Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old IT administrator for the defence contractor Booz Allen Hamilton, was speaking in Hong Kong after leaking a series of agency documents on the collection of telephone data on millions of Americans, the NSAs relationship with US internet providers and the Obama administration cyberwarfare policy. I cant allow the US government to destroy privacy, internet freedom and basic liberties, he said. My sole motive is to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them. Snowden said he felt compelled to speak out because in his job helping to run the NSA computer systems, he had witnessed a pattern of excessive and intrusive surveillance of Americans, and that his objections had been ignored by his superiors. When youre in positions of privileged access, like a systems administrator for these sort of intelligence community agencies, youre exposed to a lot more information on a broader scale than the average employee, and because of that you see things that may be disturbing but over the course of a normal persons career youd only see one or two of these instances, Snowden said. I, sitting at my desk, certainly had the authorities to wiretap anyone: you, your accountant, to a federal judge, even the president if I had a personal email. He argued that NSA surveillance was not being effectively constrained by administration policy and would continue to grow as the technology improved. And the months ahead, the years ahead, its only going to get worse, until eventually there will be a time where policies will change because the only thing that restricts the activities of the surveillance state are policy. Snowden warned that if there was no greater awareness of what US intelligence was doing and not much greater oversight the surveillance state would outrun the ability of the American people to control it. And there will be nothing the people can do at that point to oppose it. And itll be turn-key tyranny, Snowden said. He said he had given up a comfortable existence in Hawaii and now risked arrest and imprisonment. In a note accompanying the rst set of documents he provided, he wrote: I understand that I will be made to suer for my actions. But in an interview with the Guardian, Snowden declared: Ive no intention of hiding, Ive done nothing wrong. The greatest fear that I have regarding the outcome of these disclosures for

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The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

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Covert surveillance

I have no intention of hiding

Prole: Edward Snowden, the man responsible for the leaks of secret documents detailing the NSAs widespread phone and internet surveillance
Glenn Greenwald Ewen MacAskill Laura Poitras Hong Kong
The individual responsible for one of the most signicant leaks in US political history is Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old former technical assistant for the CIA and current employee of the defence contractor Booz Allen Hamilton. Snowden has been working at the National Security Agency for the past four years as an employee of various outside contractors, including Booz Allen and Dell. The Guardian, after interviewing him over several days, is revealing his identity at his request. From the moment he decided to disclose numerous top secret documents to the public, he was determined not to opt for the protection of anonymity. I have no intention of hiding who I am because I know I have done nothing wrong, he declared. Snowden will go down in history as one of Americas most consequential whistleblowers, alongside Daniel Ellsberg and Bradley Manning. He is responsible for handing over material from one of the worlds most secretive organisations, the NSA. In a note accompanying the first set of documents he provided, he wrote: I understand that I will be made to suer for my actions, but I will be satised if the federation of secret law, unequal pardon and irresistible executive powers that rule the world that I love are revealed even for an instant. Despite his determination to be publicly unveiled, he repeatedly insisted that he wants to avoid the media spotlight. I dont want public attention because I dont want the story to be about me. I want it to be about what the US government is doing. He does not fear the consequences of publicly unveiling himself, he said, except that doing so will distract attention from the issues raised by his disclosures. I know the media likes to personalise political debates, and I know the government will demonise me. Despite those fears, he remained hopeful his outing will not divert attention from the substance of his disclosures. I really want the focus to be on these documents and the debate which I hope this will trigger among citizens around the globe about what kind of world we want to live in. He added: My sole motive is to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them. He had a very comfortable life that included a salary of roughly $200,000 (130,000), a girlfriend with whom he shared a home in Hawaii, a stable career and a family he loves. Im willing to sacrice all of that because I cant in good conscience allow the US government to destroy privacy, internet freedom and basic liberties for people around the world with this massive surveillance machine theyre secretly building. in his room too, he has run up big bills. He is deeply worried about being spied upon. He lines the door of his hotel room with pillows to prevent eavesdropping. He puts a large red hood over his head and laptop when entering his passwords to prevent any hidden cameras from detecting them. Though that may sound like paranoia to some, Snowden has good reason for such fears. He worked in the US intelligence world for almost a decade. He knows the biggest and most secretive surveillance organisation in America, the NSA, along with the most powerful government on the planet, is looking for him. Since the disclosures began to emerge, he has watched television and monitored the internet and heard all the threats and vows of prosecution emanating from Washington. And he knows only too well the sophisticated technology available to them and how easy it will be for them to nd him. The NSA, police and other law enforcement ocers have twice visited his home in Hawaii and already contacted his girlfriend, though he believes that may have been prompted by his absence from his work at the NSA facility, not because of suspicions of any connection to leaks. All my options are bad, he said. The US could begin extradition proceedings against him, a potentially problematic, lengthy and unpredictable course for Washington. Or the Chinese government might whisk him away for questioning, viewing him as a useful source of information. Or he might end up being grabbed and bundled into a plane bound for US territory. Yes, I could be rendered by the CIA. I could have people come after me. Or any of the third party partners. They work closely with a number of other nations. Or they could pay o the Triads. Any of their agents or assets, he said. We have got a CIA station just up the road the consulate here in Hong Kong and I am sure they are going to be busy for the next week. And that is a concern I will live with for the rest of my life, however long that happens to be. Having watched the Obama administration prosecute whistleblowers at a historically unprecedented rate, he fully expects the US government will attempt to use all its weight to punish him. I am not afraid, he calmly declared, because this is the choice Ive made. He predicted the government will launch an investigation and say I have broken the Espionage Act and helped our enemies, but that can be used against anyone who points out how massive and invasive the system has become. The only time he became emotional during the many hours of interviews was when he pondered the impact his choices would have on his family, many of whom work for the US government. The only thing I fear is the harmful eects on my family, who I wont be able to help any more. Thats what keeps me up at night, he said, as his eyes well up with tears.

The big decision

Three weeks ago, Snowden made final preparations that resulted in last weeks series of blockbuster news stories. At the NSA oce in Hawaii where he was working, he copied the last set of documents he intended to disclose. He then advised his NSA supervisor that he needed to be away from work for a couple of weeks in order to receive treatment for epilepsy, a condition he learned last year he suers from after a series of seizures. As he packed his bags, he told his girlfriend too that he had to be away for a few weeks, though he said he was vague about the reason. That is not an uncommon occurrence for someone who has spent the last decade working in the intelligence world. On 20 May, he boarded a ight to Hong Kong, where he has remained ever since. He chose the city because they have a spirited commitment to free speech and the right of political dissent, and because he believed that it was one of the few places in the world that both could and would resist the dictates of the US government. In the three weeks since he arrived, he has been ensconced in a hotel room. Ive left the room maybe a total of three times during my entire stay, he said. It is a plush hotel and, what with eating meals

My sole motive is to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them

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Induction into secrecy

Snowden did not always believe the US government posed a threat to his political values. He was brought up originally in Elizabeth City, North Carolina. His family moved later to Maryland, near to the NSA headquarters in Fort Meade. By his own admission, he was not a stellar student. In order to get the credits necessary to obtain a high school diploma, he attended a community college in Maryland, studying computing, but never completed the coursework. In 2003, he enlisted in the US army and began a training programme to join the Special Forces. Invoking the same principles that he now cites to justify his leaks, he said: I wanted to ght in the Iraq war because I felt like I had an obligation as a human being to help free people from oppression. He recounted how his beliefs about the wars purpose were quickly dispelled. Most of the people training us seemed pumped up about killing Arabs, not helping anyone, he said. After he broke both of his legs in a training accident, he was discharged. After that, he got his rst job in an NSA facility, working as a security guard for one of the agencys covert facilities at the University of Maryland. From there, he went to the CIA, where he worked on IT security.

His understanding of the internet and his talent for computer programming enabled him to rise fairly quickly for someone who lacked even a high school diploma. By 2007, the CIA stationed him with diplomatic cover in Geneva, Switzerland. His responsibility for maintaining computer network security meant he had clearance to access a wide array of classied documents. That access, along with the almost three years he spent around CIA ocers, led him to begin seriously ques-

[On working for the CIA]: I realised that I was part of something that was doing far more harm than good

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

News

I have done nothing wrong

in all of human history. As an adolescent, he spent days at a time speaking to people with all sorts of views that I would never have encountered on my own. But he believed that the value of the internet, along with basic privacy, is being rapidly destroyed by ubiquitous surveillance. I dont see myself as a hero, he said, because what Im doing is selfinterested: I dont want to live in a world where theres no privacy and therefore no room for intellectual exploration and creativity. Once he reached the conclusion that the NSAs surveillance net would soon be irrevocable, he said it was just a matter of time before he chose to act. What theyre doing poses an existential threat to democracy, he said. suitcase, a plate with the remains of room service breakfast, and a copy of Angler, the biography of former vice-president Dick Cheney. Ever since last weeks news stories began to appear in the Guardian, Snowden has vigilantly watched TV and read the internet to see the eects of his choices. He seemed satised that the debate he longed to provoke was nally taking place. He lay, propped up against pillows, watching CNNs Wolf Blitzer ask a discussion panel about government intrusion if they had any idea who the leaker was. From 8,000 miles away, the leaker looked on impassively, not even indulging in a wry smile. Snowden said that he admires both Ellsberg and Manning, but argues that there is one important distinction between himself and the army private, whose trial coincidentally began the week Snowdens leaks began to make news. I carefully evaluated every single document I disclosed to ensure that each was legitimately in the public interest, he said. There are all sorts of documents that would have made a big impact that I didnt turn over, because harming people isnt my goal. Transparency is. He purposely chose, he said, to give the documents to journalists whose judgment he trusted about what should be public and what should remain concealed. As for his future, he is vague. He hoped the publicity the leaks have generated will oer him some protection, making it harder for them to get dirty. He views his best hope as the possibility of asylum, with Iceland with its reputation of a champion of internet freedom at the top of his list. He knows that may prove a wish unfullled. But after the intense political controversy that he has already created with just the rst weeks haul of stories, I feel satised that this was all worth it. I have no regrets.

Why blow the whistle?

As strong as those beliefs are, there still remains the question: why did he do it? Giving up his freedom and a privileged lifestyle? There are more important things than money. If I were motivated by money, I could have sold these documents to any number of countries and gotten very rich. For him, it is a matter of principle. The government has granted itself power it is not entitled to. There is no public oversight. The result is people like myself have the latitude to go further than they are allowed to, he said. His allegiance to internet freedom is reected on the stickers on his laptop: I support Online Rights: Electronic Frontier Foundation reads one. Another hails the online organisation oering anonymity, the Tor Project. Asked by reporters to establish his authenticity to ensure he is not some fantasist, he laid bare, without hesitation, his personal details, from his social security number to his CIA ID and his expired diplomatic passport. There is no shiftiness.

There are all sorts of documents that I could have turned over. Harming people isnt my goal
Ask him about anything in his personal life and he will answer. He is quiet, smart, easy-going and self-eacing. A master on computers, he seemed happiest when talking about the technical side of surveillance, at a level of detail comprehensible probably only to fellow communication specialists. But he showed intense passion when talking about the value of privacy and how he felt it was being steadily eroded by the behaviour of the intelligence services. His manner was calm and relaxed but he has been understandably twitchy since he went into hiding, waiting for the knock on the hotel door. A re alarm goes o. That has not happened before, he said, betraying anxiety: wondering if was real, a test or a CIA ploy to get him out on to the street. Strewn about the side of his bed are his

Edward Snowden, who left his home in Hawaii and went to Hong Kong says he released the details of covert surveillance and feels satised that this was all worth it. I have no regrets. Photograph: Ewen MacAskill for The Guardian

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tioning the rightness of what he saw. He described as formative an incident in which he claimed CIA operatives were attempting to recruit a Swiss banker to obtain secret banking information. Snowden said they achieved that by purposely getting the banker drunk and encouraging him to drive home in his car. When the banker was arrested for drunk driving, the undercover agent seeking to befriend him offered to help, and a bond was formed that led to successful recruitment. Much of what I saw in Geneva really disillusioned me about how my government functions and what its impact is in the world, he said. I realised that I was part of something that was doing far more harm than good. He said it was during his CIA stint in Geneva when he thought for the rst time about exposing government secrets. But, at the time, he chose not to for two reasons. First, he said, most of the secrets the CIA has are about people, not machines and systems, so I didnt feel comfortable with

disclosures that I thought could endanger anyone. Secondly, the 2008 election of Barack Obama gave him hope that there would be real reforms, rendering disclosures unnecessary. He left the CIA in 2009 in order to take his first job working for a private contractor that assigned him to a functioning NSA facility, stationed on a military base in Japan. It was then, he said, that he watched as Obama advanced the very policies that I thought would be reined in, and as a result, I got hardened. The primary lesson from this experience was that you cant wait around for someone else to act. I had been looking for leaders, but I realised that leadership is about being the rst to act. Over the next three years, he learned just how all-consuming the NSAs surveillance activities are, claiming they are intent on making every conversation and every form of behaviour in the world known to them. He described how he once viewed the internet as the most important invention

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The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

Covert surveillance

We hack everyone, everywhere Its horrifying

On the NSAs power I can get your emails, passwords, credit cards...
Edward Snowden was interviewed over several days in Hong Kong by Glenn Greenwald and Ewen MacAskill. These are his responses
Why have you turned whistleblower? The NSA (National Security Agency) has built an infrastructure that allows it to intercept almost everything. With this capability, the vast majority of human communications are automatically ingested without targeting. If I wanted to see your emails or your wifes phone, all I have to do is use intercepts. I can get your emails, passwords, phone records, credit cards. I dont want to live in a society that does these sort of things I do not want to live in a world where everything I do and say is recorded. That is not something I am willing to support or live under. But isnt there a need for surveillance to try to reduce the chances of terrorist attacks such as Boston? We have to decide why terrorism is a new threat. There has always been terrorism. Boston was a criminal act. It was not about surveillance but good, oldfashioned police work. The police are very good at what they do. Do you see yourself as another Bradley Manning? Manning was a classic whistleblower. He was inspired by the public good. Is what you have done a crime? We have seen enough criminality on the part of government. It is hypocritical to make this allegation against me. They have narrowed the public sphere of inuence. What do you think hink is going to happen to you? Nothing good. Why Hong Kong? ng? I think it is really ly tragic that an American has to o move to a place that has a reputation tation for less freedom. Still, Hong Kong has a reputation n for freedom in spite te of the Peoples Repubepublic of China. It has a strong tradition n of free speech. What do the leaked aked documents reveal? veal? That the NSA routinely lies in n response to Conngressional inquiries about the scope of surveillance in America. I believe that when [Senator Ron] Wyden and [Senator Mark] Udall asked about the scale of this, they [the NSA] said it did not have the tools to provide an answer. We do have the tools and I have maps showing where people have been scrutinised most. We collect more digital communications from America than we do from the Russians. What about the Obama administrations protests about hacking by China? We hack everyone everywhere. We like to make a distinction between us and the others. But we are in almost every country in the world. We are not at war with these countries. Is it possible to put security in place to protect against state surveillance? You are not even aware of what is possible. The extent of their capabilities is horrifying. We can plant bugs in machines. Once you go on the network, I can identify your machine. You will never be safe whatever protections you put in place. Does your family know you are planning this? No. My family does not know what is happening My primary fear is that they will come after my family, my friends, my partner. Anyone I have a relationship with I will have to live with that for the rest of my life. I am not going to be able to communicate with them. They [the authorities] will act aggressively against anyone who has known me. That keeps me up at night. When did you decide to leak the documents? things that may be You see thi disturbing. When you see disturb everything you realise that every some of these things are abusive. The awareness abusi wrong-doing builds of wr There was not one up. Th morning when I woke up morni decided this is it). It (and d natural process. A lot was a na of people in 2008 voted for Obama. I did not vote for him. I voted for a third party. But I believed in party Obamas promises. I was Oba going to disclose it (but goi waited because of his wa election). He continued ele with the policies of his w predecessor. p What about the W response in general to the disclosures? I have been surprised and pleased

The US intelligence chief James Clapper testifying before Congress in April

to see the public has reacted so strongly in defence of these rights that are being suppressed in the name of security. It is not like Occupy Wall Street but there is a grassroots movement to take to the streets on 4 July in defence of the Fourth Amendment called Restore The Fourth Amendment and it grew out of reddit. The response over the internet has been huge and supportive. What is your reaction to Obama on Friday denouncing the leaks while professing to welcome a debate on the balance between security and openness? My immediate reaction was he was having diculty in defending it himself. He was trying to defend the unjustiable and he knew it. Washington-based foreign aairs analyst Steve Clemons said he overheard at the capitals Dulles airport four men discussing an intelligence conference they had just attended. Speaking about the leaks, one of them said, according to Clemons, that both the reporter and leaker should be disappeared. Someone responding to the story said real spies do not speak like that. Well, I am a spy and that is how they talk. Whenever we had a debate in the oce on how to handle crimes, they do not defend due process they defend decisive action. They say it is better to kick someone out of a plane than let these people have a day in court. It is an authoritarian mindset in general. Do you have a plan in place? The only thing I can do is sit here and hope the Hong Kong government does not deport me My predisposition is to seek asylum in a country with shared values. The nation that most encompasses this is Iceland. They stood up for people over internet freedom. I have no idea what my future is going to be. They could put out an Interpol note. But I dont think I have committed a crime outside the domain of the US. I think it will be clearly shown to be political in nature. You are probably going to end up in prison I could not do this without accepting the risk of prison. You cant come up against the worlds most powerful intelligence agencies and not accept the risk. If they want to get you, over time they will. How to you feel now, almost a week after the rst leak? I think the sense of outrage that has been expressed is justied. It has given me hope that, no matter what happens to me, the outcome will be positive for America. I do not expect to see home again, though that is what I want.

On Obama He was defending the unjustiable and he knew it

On protests about Chinese hackers We hack everyone everywhere

On Bradley Manning He was inspired by the public good

On the Boston bombs Boston was a criminal act

GCHQ

Unanswered questions over UKs use of American Prism system

Nick Hopkins
The British and American governments have attempted to turn the debate over secret surveillance after the Guardians revelations of a covert US program, which appeared to garner and analyse emails and other personal information held by some of the worlds leading internet companies. After two days in which both administrations appeared flat-footed and embarrassed by the disclosures, US ocials sought to downplay the importance of the Prism system, set up by the National Security Agency (NSA), while the British foreign secretary, William Hague, atly denied GCHQ might have tried to bypass UK laws governing the collection and retention of personal data. But ministers have also not attempted to explain why GCHQ would need to access information from Prism, rather than going through the normal legal protocol when seeking information from an internet company based in another country. This involves making a formal request to the US department of justice, which would make the approach to the rm on the UKs behalf. The company then has to decide whether to provide information. In the UK, GCHQ is bound by the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act to seek approval for intercepting material from telecoms and UK-based internet companies. Nick Pickles, director of Big Brother Watch, the privacy and civil liberties campaign group , said: Every year, hundreds of requests for information on British users of American services are refused for a variety of reasons, including because they ask for more than the law allows. I hope the foreign secretary is able to reassure people that this arrangement with the NSA has not been used when information was denied under the normal process. UK law requires that any directed surveillance is focused on a specic individual or premises. There is a clear concern that the collection of the relevant information was not collected as part of a directed operation, and if that has happened the legality of obtaining the information is far from clear. Its important to ascertain if British infrastructure has been unknowingly caught up in activity that goes beyond what US law allows. Its absolutely right that GCHQ and other agencies can access information and monitor individuals suspected of threatening our safety. While specific details cannot be revealed, the legal authority should be The number of intelligence reports from the USs Prism programme that were generated for GCHQ last year subject to parliamentary debate and todays statement is an important part of maintaining public condence. Prof Peter Sommer, a cybersecurity expert, said it was well known the US and British intelligence agencies shared information, but asked whether Hague and Theresa May, the home secretary, had any way of independently verifying what the GCHQ, MI5 and MI6 were telling them. The intelligence and interception commissioner, who reviews whether the agencies are working to the letter of the law, and the members of the parliamentary intelligence and security committee (ISC), have some powers of scrutiny, but Sommer questioned whether they had enough resources to give proper oversight.

197

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

Hague delays Washington trip over Prism disclosures

The UK Foreign secretary to make statement in parliament over GCHQ links with US
Nicholas Watt Paul Lewis Spencer Ackerman
Britain would be acting in a completely irresponsible way if it refused to accept sensitive briengs from the US authorities, the UKs former counter-terrorism watchdog said yesterday, as William Hague delayed a trip to Washington to respond to the Guardians disclosures about GCHQs links with the US. Lord Carlile of Berriew, a former independent reviewer of terrorism legislation, said GCHQ would be making a grave mistake if it declined to accept intelligence that helps to prevent terrorist attacks. Carlile told the Murnaghan programme on Sky News: If a potentially critical attack is warned by the United States, using their powers, surely we would expect them to pass on that information and it would be completely irresponsible of the UK authorities not to act upon it. The foreign secretary will today tell MPs that Britains intelligence agencies always work within the law. In his rst public comments since the Guardian disclosed GCHQs alleged role in the Prism programme, the foreign secretary yesterday said it was nonsense to suggest that GCHQ would work with an agency in another country to circumvent the law. But his remarks came as the former director of the National Security Agency indicated that surveillance programmes have expanded in Barack Obamas time in oce and that the agency now has more powers than when he was in command. Michael Hayden, who served most of his tenure as NSA director under President George W Bush, said: Weve had two very last year. The system would appear to allow GCHQ to bypass formal legal processes to access personal material, such as emails and photographs, from the worlds biggest internet companies. Major-General Jonathan Shaw, who served as assistant chief of the defence sta on international security policy, told Skys Murnaghan programme yesterday: We should recognise that this link between GCHQ and the NSA is absolutely essential to both our countries security and we should, instead of being surprised and shocked by this, be delighted its happening, because its to the major security advantage of both our countries. William Hague: If you are a lawabiding citizen of this country going about your business, you have nothing to fear Davis, the Tory former shadow home secretary who has led the calls for Hague to address MPs, indicated that he was planning to challenge one of the main examples used to defend the mining of data the claim that the monitoring of email trac in Peshawar and Colorado in September 2009 alerted the US authorities to Najibullah Zazi, who eventually pleaded guilty to plotting backpack bombings on the New York subway. The New York Times reported on Saturday that Obama appeared to have the Zazi case in mind when he defended modest encroachments on privacy on the grounds that they have prevented terror attacks. But Davis told the Guardian: The Zazi case was a targeted exercise based on intelligence. It was not a simple sweeping exercise. Nobody has any objections to properly targeted exercises under proper judicial warrants. The objection is to the wholesale hoovering-up of information about innocent citizens who have a right to expect privacy as well as security.

The foreign secretary refused to say whether he had authorised GCHQs use of Prism Photograph: Rowan Griths/Rex

dierent presidents pretty much doing the same thing with regard to electronic surveillance. That seems to me to suggest that these things do work. Hague, who said that law-abiding citizens had nothing to fear from Britains intelligence agencies, declined to say whether he had authorised GCHQs use of the Prism system on the grounds that he never comments on intelligence. But he indicated that he may have done so, though only a modest scale, when he said that the law allowed targeted monitoring of terrorists, criminal networks and hostile foreign intelligence agencies.

The idea that in GCHQ people are sitting working out how to circumvent a UK law with another agency in another country is fanciful. It is nonsense, Hague said. If you are a law-abiding citizen of this country going about your business and your personal life, you have nothing to fear nothing to fear about the British state or intelligence agencies listening to the contents of your phone calls or anything like that. Indeed, you will never be aware of all the things those agencies are doing to stop your identity being stolen and to stop a terrorist blowing you up tomorrow.

But if you are a would-be terrorist or the centre of a criminal network or a foreign intelligence agency trying to spy on Britain, you should be worried, because that is what we work on and we are, on the whole, quite good at it. Hague agreed to make a statement to MPs after David Davis MP and the Labour chair of the Commons home aairs select committee, Keith Vaz, raised serious concerns about the GCHQ disclosures. Documents obtained by the Guardian, which disclosed the Prism system last week, suggested that GCHQ had generated 197 intelligence reports from Prism

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

*
National editor: Dan Sabbagh Telephone: 020 3353 4090 Fax: 020 3353 3190 Email: national@guardian.co.uk

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Statistics point to huge regional grade disparity Still far fewer applicants from outside south-east
Richard Adams and Philip Nye
Undergraduate places at Cambridge and Oxford universities remain dominated by students from London and the south-east of England, according to data released to the Guardian, highlighting the countrys gaps in educational achievement and the failure of eorts to encourage applications from more diverse backgrounds. Surrey sent almost as many young people to study at Cambridge and Oxford last year as Wales and the north-east region of England combined. Yet 868 applications were received from Surrey, compared with 1,187 from Wales and the northeast which between them had more than 100,000 more young people in the comparative age group. A single London borough Barnet alone had 130 oers of Oxbridge places from 408 applications last year. That equates to 46 applications and 15 oers for every 1,000 16 to 17-year-olds in the borough, according to the latest census gures. Meanwhile, Dudley in the West Midlands with a similar-sized age cohort had just 61 applicants and 13 offers, or seven applications and 1.58 offers per thousand. Three London local authorities Richmond upon Thames, Kensington and Chelsea, and the City of London sent more than 25 students to Oxbridge per 1,000 16 to 17-year-olds in 2012, compared with just over 2.5 students per 1,000 for England and Wales as a whole. Several local authorities sent less than one student per 1,000 young people, with Anglesey, Flintshire and Middlesbrough having the lowest acceptance rates. The new gures, obtained via a freedom of information request, show that successful applications from just 10 local authorities in the wealthier parts of the south of England accounted for 30% of admissions to Oxford and Cambridge in 2012 adding geography to the complex mix of race, sex, social background and schooling that have dogged admissions to the UKs elite institutions. The top 10 authorities Surrey, Kent, Hertfordshire, Essex, Hampshire, Richmond upon Thames, Buckinghamshire, Barnet, Oxfordshire and Cambridgeshire won more than 1,500 of the 5,100 places in 2012. When admissions are compared with the numbers of 16 to 17-year-olds in each area, it shows the 20 highest-scoring local authorities supplied 28% of accepted applications to Oxbridge, while containing only around 10% of the relevant age group in England and Wales. Of this elite 20, only one was outside London or the greater south-east region: Cambridgeshire. The figures s uggest that areas of the country may be underrepresented because young peoplethere do not apply to Oxbridge, perhaps thinking they would not get in, or that it is not for them. The universities argue that they have made considerable eort, with some success, in extending their welcome to applicants across the country, but that they are limited by the wide variations in educational attainment between regions. Attainment is a significant factor in applicant choice. There is a strong correlation between local authorities that produce large numbers of high-achieving A-level students, and local authorities that produce large numbers of Cambridge applicants, a spokesman for Cambridge University said. A spokesperson for Oxford University said the biggest factor affecting applications was school attainment. Last year, for example, 45 students in Gateshead achieved AAA or more at A-level, compared to 1,021 in Hampshire, reecting both population size and diering percentages of students achieving top grades, the spokesperson said. Oxford and Cambridge have faced criticism for under-representation of students from state schools and minority ethnic backgrounds, though both have committed to boosting these gures as part of their access agreements with the Oce for Fair Access, in return for setting their tuition fees at 9,000 a year. Oxford has a target of 62% of applicants from state schools; the actual gure in 2012 was 63%.

Analysis Controversy over class is nothing new

ambridge and Oxford universities were founded hundreds of years ago and controversy over the backgrounds of their students also stretches back into the past. A Royal Commission in 1852 discussed access to Oxbridge by poorer students. And debate has raged since about the gender, ethnic and educational mix. Now gures reveal a golden triangle centred on Oxford, Cambridge and London that contributes a disproportionately large number of undergraduates to the universities, raising questions over whether they are doing enough to encourage those from other parts of the country to apply. Prof Les Ebdon, director of the Oce for Fair Access to Higher Education (Oa), said universities that sought to attract students from across the country faced a dicult task. I well acknowledge that there is an outreach challenge for universities that are truly national recruiters. It is easier for a local recruiter. Most post1992 universities [such as the former polytechnics] recruit most of their students from a 50-mile radius. Thats a lot easier to cover than if you are a national recruiter, Ebdon said. The analysis is based on data for the 2012 university application cycle, released by Oxford and Cambridge under freedom of information rules. To take account of the dierent sizes of local authorities, the data has been combined with 2011 census data on the number of 16- and 17-year-olds by area, on the basis that the majority of those applying to start university in 2012 would have been 16 or 17 at the time of the census. Oxford and Cambridge argue that it is attainment and not geography that inuences admissions decisions. The university seeks the ablest and best qualied students with the greatest potential from every background and every part of the UK. To this end, our outreach work is conducted on a national scale and engages many thousands of students, their teachers, advisers and families every year, a spokesman for Cambridge said. Our outreach goal is to ensure that any UK student with the ability, passion and commitment to apply to Cambridge has a clear picture of what the university can oer them and receives all the support necessary for them to best demonstrate their potential. Oxford said it runs more than 2,400 outreach events a year in every part of Britain and that applications are rising from many areas in northern England and Wales. Last year a third of all Oxfords UK undergraduate places went to applicants who are a focus of our widening access activities, a spokesperson said. Analysis shows the two universities admissions outcomes are similar overall. They each admitted about 2,600 undergraduates from England and Wales in 2012. But Oxford received 11,300 applications compared with Cambridges 9,300 suggesting it was more successful in its outreach eorts. Richard Adams and Philip Nye

JON BOWER/CORBIS

Where do Oxbridge students come from?

Oers of Oxbridge places made in 2012, per 1,000 16 to 17-year-olds*
More than 10 in 1,000 5 to 10 3 to 5 2 to 3 1 to 2 Less than 1 in 1,000 Top ve in London, top ve outside London, and bottom ve local education authorities detailed Hartlepool Hammersmith Camden and Fulham 21.5 City of London

14.9

27.8

Richmond upon Thames

Kensington and Chelsea

0.4
Halton

27.9

27.3

0.3
Flintshire

Guidelines and rejection

Katy Gregory (pictured), from Liverpool, applied to Oxford in 2010 to read history of art Coming from an academy didnt help as much as I thought it would. Despite good AS-level grades and my subsequent A-level results of A*A*A, I didnt receive much encouragement from my school and was oered only basic help. My teachers were unable to guide me through the baing steeplechase of an application process that included writing a personal response to a work of art. I trawled through gallery archives to put together what I hoped was sucient to meet the departments vague guidelines. Needless to say, I wasnt invited for an interview. Rory Claydon, from Manchester, applied to Oxford in 2012 to read history and politicsMy teachers were fully behind me, but being a new comprehensive sixth form we lacked the experience and resources for robust preparation. I did get a huge amount of help from one of my history teachers, but I doubt I was prepared to the level of my interview peers. During my politics interview, the tutor claimed my dyspraxia wasnt a learning condition but simply a writing diculty or something along those lines. I dont know if he had the authority to make such a diagnosis, but it threw me o I received a rejection despite my teachers being condent I would get an oer.

0.2
Isle of Anglesey

Cambridgeshire

9.6

0.0

Torfaen

0.4

Surrey Oxfordshire

9.3
Windsor and Maidenhead

10.6
Buckinghamshire
SOURCE: UNIVERSITIES, ONS

10.2

11.0

*AGE GROUP CENSUS DATA USED FOR CALCULATION PURPOSES

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

National

Irreplaceable Iain Banks dies at 59

Cancer claims author who passed away peacefully Tributes to one of Britains best-loved novelists
Caroline Davies
Tributes have been paid to the author Iain Banks, 59, best known for his novels The Wasp Factory and The Crow Road, who died yesterday just two months after announcing he had terminal cancer. The Scottish writer had announced his illness with trademark dark humour on his website on 3 April, telling fans he was ocially Very Poorly and had been diagnosed with late stage gall bladder cancer and was unlikely to live for more than a year. He had asked his partner, Adele Hartley, to do him the honour of becoming my widow, he had added. In his last update, on 20 May, he had posted that he was considering chemotherapy to prolong his life if doctors felt it was appropriate. But his condition deteriorated rapidly on Wednesday. In an email to friends, his widow said that he had died peacefully and was in no pain. The couple had been hoping for a few more months together. His friend and fellow writer, Ken MacLeod, told BBC News: He was still in good spirits and concentrating on his plans and projects and expecting to have another few months. But his situation took a turn for the worse. He added: What Iain brought to his writing was himself. He brought a wonderful combination of the dark and the light side of life, and he explored them both without inching. He left us a very signicant body of work both in mainstream literature and in science ction. And he left a large gap in the Scottish literary scene as well as that of the wider English-speaking world. Neil Gaiman, also a close friend of Banks, tweeted: Iain Banks is dead. Im crying in an empty house. A good man and a friend for almost 30 years. Banks, an honorary associate of the National Secular Society, will have a very small, humanist funeral. He had selected a dozen people to attend the short ceremony. An informal memorial gathering will be held at a later date. Banks, who wrote science ction under the name Iain M Banks, published The Wasp Factory, his rst novel, in 1984. It was ranked as one of the best 100 books of the 20th century in a 1997 poll conducted by Waterstones and Channel 4. In 2008, Banks was named one of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945 in a list compiled by the Times. In all he wrote more than two dozen novels. In a statement, his publishers, Little, Brown, said: Banks has been one of the countrys best-loved novelists for both his mainstream and science ction books since the publication of his rst novel, The Wasp Factory. Just three weeks ago he was presented with nished copies of his last novel, The Quarry, and enjoyed celebration parties with old friends and fans across the publishing world.

Iain Banks: Ability to combine his fertile imagination and distinctive brand of gothic humour made him unique Photograph: Murdo MacLeod

Iain Bankss ability to combine the most fertile of imaginations with his own highly distinctive brand of gothic humour made him unique. He is an irreplaceable part of the literary world. After announcing his illness in April, Banks asked his publishers to bring forward the release date of The Quarry so he could see it on the shelves. Fellow authors paid tribute on Twitter. John OFarrell said: So sad to hear of death of brilliant and charming Iain Banks. The Wasp Factory was the rst book I nished and then immediately read again. Irvine Welsh wrote: Im o out to the pub to toast one of my all-time literary heroes with a malt. Mark Billingham said: Knowing it was coming does not make it any less terrible. RIP the unique and irreplaceable Iain Banks. Scotlands rst minister Alex Salmond tweeted: One of Scotlands literary greats who always approached life with extraordinary vitality. Born in Dunfermline, Banks read English, philosophy and psychology at the University of Stirling before fulfilling his ambition, held since the age of 11, to become a writer. He was described as politically left of centre and was a supporter of Scottish independence. In his last post on Banksophilia: Friends of Iain Banks, he thanked everyone for their messages of support. The Quarry, which Banks was writing before his diagnosis, will be released on 20 June. It describes the nal weeks of the life of a man in his 40s who has terminal cancer. Obituary, page 32

10

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

The Guardian prole Gillian Anderson

Pride before the fall: actor who never bowed to Hollywood

teely, but with an underlying softness. A woman to make men weak, but also a feminist who values female company. Engaging, but ultimately a little cool and enigmatic. All could apply equally to Gillian Anderson or DSI Stella Gibson, the detective she plays in the BBC2 drama The Fall. If theyre a good t for each other, its no coincidence. Allan Cubitt, the creator of the series, started writing the screenplay in 2010 with Anderson in mind, long before she had been approached. I just thought she was the best person to play the part as I had conceived it, he says. He sent her the rst three scripts, which she liked, so episodes four and ve were written knowing she was interested. I felt more condent in that I knew she could handle the material I was writing especially well. The series, which nishes tonight, has been lauded for its tautness and scariness, but most of the praise has been reserved for Andersons portrayal of Gibson, the laser-focused detective on the hunt for a serial killer in Belfast. Prime Suspects DCI Jane Tennison had to adopt a masculine approach to get on in 1990s policing, but she opened the door. Now DSI Gibson strides in, with her high heels and silk shirts, her feminist put-downs and her numerous university degrees, and manages to make her (still predominantly male) colleagues look like over-emotional,

Emine Saner

incompetent fools. Almost as soon as it started in May, and proved a commercial and critical hit, the BBC commissioned a second series. It is the rst serial drama Anderson has done since the long-running US sci- drama The X-Files, in which she played the sceptical FBI agent Dana Scully, the role for which she is still best known. It ran for 202 episodes over nine years and turned her and David Duchovny into stars. When the show ended in 2002, Anderson packed up her life and moved to London, where she has been based ever since. I dont show my face [in LA] very much, and so that makes it a bit more complicated for me in terms of work, she said in 2006. They [producers] need to see you in the press, and in their face, in meetings, auditions, whatever [but] Im not going to go while my daughters in school here, in the hopes that somebody might take a meeting with me. Im perfectly happy with it happening slow. Anderson was born in Chicago but her parents moved to London when she was two: she lived in the north London borough of Haringey until she was 11, while her father studied lm. The family later moved back to the US and settled in Michigan. Anderson who had been a bit of a punk at school and was once voted most likely to get arrested by her classmates moved to New York to try to make it as an actor. London, though, remained a draw (she speaks with an English accent). Even after moving to America, I always had a yearning for England, she said in an interview last year. Id come back and smell the hedgerows; it always felt like some part of my insides were being

CV
Born 9 August 1968 in Chicago Career She began o-Broadway in Absent Friends, before moving to Los Angeles. A guest appearance on the short-lived TV show Class of 96 led to an audition for The X-Files. She played Dana Scully for nine years, for which she won Emmy and Golden Globe awards. Several small lm parts were followed by a starring role in The House of Mirth in 2000. Then in 2002 Anderson moved to London and did theatre, including A Dolls House at the Donmar Warehouse. On British TV she has appeared in Bleak House, Any Human Heart, The Crimson Petal and the White, and Great Expectations. High point Despite being drawn to great female characters such as Lady Dedlock, Miss Havisham and Stella Gibson, Agent Scully is a hard act to follow. Low point Straightheads, a low-budget, low-intelligence violent revenge-fantasy lm with Danny Dyer in 2007 She says On the roles shes most proud of: Bleak House or Great Expectations, but I feel good about The Fall. On many levels, I feel good about her being out there, as a woman in the contemporary world of television and social consciousness. I like that shes out there. What others say Its quite something watching her work. She really is a consummate artist. (Allan Cubitt)

pulled back here. Although circumstances put the brakes on a Hollywood career, it isnt clear that Anderson harboured such ambitions. She has said her favourite lms tended to be low-budget or foreign, and there is no reason why I should not be true to that, simply because my life has been more public than I ever imagined or wished. Many of the roles she has chosen seem to be more about tting around family life (Anderson has three children) she played small parts in passable British lms, such as the spy spoof Johnny English Reborn and How To Lose Friends and Alienate People but she has also lent her name to more interesting projects, such as 2012 low-budget French lm Sister. Mainly though, Anderson chose television, with roles in British dramas such as Bleak House, Any Human Heart and Great Expectations. And now The Fall, which will receive a wider global audience after being picked up by Netix, the internet streaming service. Focusing on TV was a choice that is looking more and more sensible. Television is where the real stu is happening for acting, says Guardian lm critic Peter Bradshaw. There are so many things, like Breaking Bad and Homeland, where over 12 or 14 episodes they can develop. Despite Andersons initial reluctance to work in television I swore Id never move to Los Angeles, and once I did, I swore Id never do television it was television that made her name. Chris Carter, the creator of The X-Files, faced down executives at the Fox Network who did not want the unknown Anderson, then 24, in the role. Carter

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

11

She has the kind of luminosity that you associate with Greer Garson in the late s

has described the negotiations as like ghting city hall. There was someone in charge of the network who wanted neither David nor Gillian. I had to lobby for David, but I put my foot down over Gillian and said, This is the person I want, and no one else.

C
STEFFAN HILL/BBC

arter remembers meeting Anderson for the rst time at an audition. She looked like kind of a street urchin she looked like she could have been one of the Occupy protesters. She read the dialogue and she was very, very good. She was young but she had a poise, a gravity; she could play an FBI agent, and a believable doctor. In the end, she was a great choice. Carter cites her professionalism and I think this is really to do with her midwestern background: she always showed up. Other than [for] her pregnancy, I think I can only remember her missing work once. Cubitt says the actors he likes are those who are extremely truthful and unshowy in their work, and have a depth theyre particularly adroit at conveying thought and emotion, but without doing very much. Shes an extremely still kind of actor. Anderson is compelling to watch. In person she is obviously beautiful but something extraordinary happens to her face on screen. Hers is an unconventional beauty her translucent skin and almost melancholic features not tting the modern Hollywood mould. When looking for someone to play Lily Bart, the doomed heroine in the adaptation of Edith Whartons turn-of-the-century

novel The House of Mirth, the British director Terence Davies came across a picture of Anderson (he had never seen the X-Files). I was looking for someone who had that kind of period look; like Singer Sargent portraits, he said in 1999. And I saw her extraordinary face, that kind of luminosity that one associated with Greer Garson in the late 40s. When I interviewed her, I found her warm and interesting but I can understand why other interviewers have described her as icy. The qualities that make her such a good actor the thoughts and emotions that skate across her face are also there in person. Ask a question she doesnt like and she doesnt hide her irritation, though she is just as swift to engage with something that does interest her. Id describe her as a serious person, says Carter, who is godfather to Andersons eldest child. Shes a good mother, shes a person with good instincts about life and people and judgments. I just think the world of her. Unsurprisingly, the years of being followed by paparazzi in the wake of the X-Files have left Anderson with a distrust of the media. There is a messages page on her website where she both responds generously to fans and occasionally publicly dresses down journalists who have annoyed her. Anderson has hinted before at a double-edged feelings about her success. When I started doing talk shows and interviews, I felt so out of my depth that I didnt laugh or joke because I was petried, she said last year. It has taken me decades to get used to the whole nature of fame to allow myself to be myself in public.

12

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

National
Politics

Street party Glasgows Mardis Gras

Yeo rejects committee coaching allegation

Tim Yeo, the Tory grandee and former environment minister, has rejected allegations that he used his position on a Commons select committee to help business clients. In a lengthy statement, the chairman of the energy and climate change select committee dismissed a claim by the Sunday Times that he had coached the managing director of a company before he appeared before his committee as totally untrue. Todays Sunday Times makes a number of damaging allegations about me. I want to make clear that I totally reject these allegations, Yeo said. The former minister issued his statement shortly after he pulled out of interviews on the Murnaghan programme on Sky News and Sunday Politics on BBC1. His move followed a report by the Sunday Times Insight team alleging he had told undercover reporters he could use his contacts to further the interests of clients. The reporters were pretending to act on behalf of a ctitious South Korean solar energy company. Yeo told the Sunday Times he could not speak in public on behalf of clients, but could talk to ministers in private. He was quoted as saying: What I say to people in private is another matter altogether. Nicholas Watt

Crime

Islamic school re treated as suspicious

Police are investigating a re started by intruders at an Islamic boarding school on the south-east outskirts of London as suspicious, amid continuing fears of reprisals after the Woolwich killing of Drummer Lee Rigby. Two boys were treated for smoke inhalation after re broke out at the Darul Uloom Islamic school in Chislehurst, Kent, on Saturday night. Saiyed Mahmood, an adviser to the school, said: The academic department of the school was set alight just before midnight by intruders. Speaking to reporters outside the school he urged

A Mardis Gras parade is watched by crowds on Byres Road, Glasgow. About 600 participants joined the carnival, which was held three days into the citys month-long West End Festival of arts activities, which is expected to attract 70,000 people. Photograph Andrew Milligan/PA Wire

the community to come together to help police trace the culprits. No arrests have been made as police continue to investigate. A Metropolitan police spokesman said: It is suspicious. The police urged the public to remain calm and not to speculate on the cause of the re. It said extra police had been deployed to other potentially vulnerable buildings in the area. All 128 pupils and sta were evacuated from the school before re crews arrived. Pupils were allowed to return yesterday morning. Matthew Weaver

Afghanistan

Karzai demands return of Afghan prisoners

The Afghan president, Hamid Karzai, has demanded the return of Afghans held prisoner by the UK military in Helmand, giving London a two-week deadline that is legally impossible for the government to meet. Last year, British courts banned the government from transferring the prisoners to their own justice system because of widespread torture in Afghan prisons. This month the defence secretary, Philip Hammond, announced that Kabul and London had agreed safeguards to protect prisoners from torture, and handovers that would start after three weeks. The delay is a requirement to allow for any legal challenges to the decision, and is almost certain to stretch

for far longer, as lawyers acting for the prisoners have said they will challenge the decision in court. Karzai demanded custody of the prisoners by 22 June. His spokesman, Aimal Faizi, said the British legal system should not be used as an excuse for delay. We are talking about Afghans held in Afghanistan. According to our laws this is a breach of sovereignty, he said. Emma Graham-Harrison Kabul.

Books

Monastic collection to be opened to public

The doors of the largest monastic library in the UK will open to the public for the rst time after a grant to Downside Abbey from the Heritage Lottery fund. The Benedictine monks founded the monastery in Shepton Mallet in Somerset after they were expelled from France in the

wake of the revolution, but their library was already centuries old and among its 450,000 volumes are many illuminated manuscripts dating to the Middle Ages. Once conservation work is complete, exhibitions, guided tours and regular public access are planned to the books and archives of the community, founded in Douai in 1606. The librarys treasures include Cardinal John Henry Newmans personal copy of the Bible, together with some of the earliest Bibles printed in English, a beautifully illustrated 14th-century Book of Hours and other medieval manuscripts, rare theological texts, and unusual donated collections.. Maev Kennedy

Immigration

Earnings rule tearing families apart, say MPs

A cross-party group of MPs has called for an urgent review of immigration rules, which they claim are tearing hundreds of British families apart. Their report shows that a minimum earnings rule of 18,600 a year has meant that thousands of British citizens have been unable to bring a non-European partner to live with them. A Home Oce spokesperson said the rules had been designed to ensure that those coming to the UK to join their partner would not become a burden on the taxpayer. Alan Travis

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The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

13

National

Failure to protect children from sex abuse woeful MPs

Authorities lack curiosity about those in their care Appalling treatment by abusers and agencies
Alexandra Topping
Vulnerable children in the UK are still being failed by local authorities, the police and the criminal justice system, which are failing to protect them from sexual exploitation, say MPs. Recent criminal cases have laid bare a woeful lack of professional curiosity from statutory agencies in dierent areas of the country, according to the results released today of an inquiry into child sexual exploitation by the Commons home aairs select committee. Last month seven men were found guilty at the Old Bailey of subjecting vulnerable girls in Oxford to years of rape, abuse and sexual violence. Last year nine Rochdale men were jailed for their part in a child sexual exploitation gang that targeted vulnerable girls, plying them with alcohol, drugs and gifts; and in 2010 ve men were jailed after being found guilty of sex oences against girls as young as 12 in Rotherham and nine men were convicted of grooming and abusing girls in Derby. Police, social services and the Crown Prosecution Service shared responsibility for preventing the abuse of vulnerable children left unprotected by the system, said the report. Rochdale and Rotherham councils were inexcusably slow to realise [] the widespread, organised sexual abuse of children, many of them in the care of the local authority. The report adds: This is due in large part to a woeful lack of professional curiosity. It is no defence for Rochdale and Rotherham managers to say that they had no knowledge of what was taking place, as they are ultimately responsible and must be held accountable for the appalling consequences of their indierence. The committee chair, Keith Vaz, said it had been a harrowing inquiry, which had heard of children being treated appallingly by both their abusers and government agencies. We were shocked to learn that it is still happening, in every part of the country, he said. The quality of the response to the abuse depends on where you live and that is inexcusable. Ocials who had failed vulnerable children should not receive payouts if they had been forced to leave their roles, the MPs said. They called specically for Roger Ellis, chief executive of Rochdale council for 12 years, to pay back the 76,798 he received as a redundancy payout. There was a postcode lottery in the way different police forces dealt with child sexual exploitation, according to the report, which noted Lancashire police secured 100 prosecutions a year whereas South Yorkshire had none. South Yorkshires newly elected police and crime commissioner, Shaun Wright, told the committee he had not met with any victims of child sexual exploitation, the report said, adding: We suggest Mr Wright may wish to take more of an interest in the victims than he has done previously. The report also criticised Greater Manchester police for recording allegations of sexual exploitation as non-crimes and asking a victim to sign a disclaimer that said she was unwilling to support a prosecution, calling such behaviour a betrayal of the victims. The education secretary, Michael Gove, was also criticised for rejecting the committees recommendation that assistance be given to teachers to help them identify children who are at risk. We are concerned that the Department for Education does not seem to understand the importance of a holistic approach towards safeguarding children, the MPs wrote. The committee called for an overhaul of the way vulnerable children are treated by the criminal justice system, including more training and greater awareness. Local authorities should ensure funding for the prevention of child sexual exploitation in multi-agency teams, the MPs said, stressing that identification, prevention and early intervention were key to preventing further cases.

Wheel thing Cyclists take high road

Decision to block betting shop goes before judge

Randeep Ramesh Social aairs editor
The proliferation of betting shops in poorer areas has led to increasing crime and underage gambling, fuelled by highspeed, high stakes gambling machines, a court will hear today. In a test case, Newham council, in east London, will seek to defend its decision to dismiss an application for a new Paddy Power betting shop on the grounds that it would make more money from gaming machines than from traditional betting on horses and sports results. The local authority said that by using the premises primarily for gaming rather than gambling, the licensing conditions of the 2005 Gambling Act would not be met the rst time such a power has been exercised. The hearing, at Thames magistrates court, is being heard before a judge and the case is so complex that it is scheduled to last a week, with former Treasury minister and Labour MP for East Ham Stephen Timms due to give evidence. The council said it had found evidence of violent robberies in bookies and antisocial behaviour outside the premises. The borough is also reviewing a licence held by William Hill after a test purchase allegedly The number of betting shops in the London borough of Newham, one of the countrys poorest areas

80+

Penny farthings set o for their race around Smitheld Market as part of the IG London Nocturne at the weekend Photograph: Dan Rowley/Rex Features

Unite calls for national action over Crossrail blacklisting allegations

Matthew Taylor
Britains biggest trade union is locked in a multimillion-pound fight with the bosses of Crossrail, the largest engineering project in Europe, over claims workers have been blacklisted after raising legitimate health and safety concerns. Unite leader Len McCluskey has launched a national mobilisation against Crossrail consortium Bam Ferrovial Kier (BFK), which has included more than 350 UK protests in the past three weeks, with a thousand more planned over the next six months. Crossrail denies the claims and the test of strength between the two industrial heavyweights is shaping up to be one of the most significant disputes of recent years. Its clear that blacklisting activity is continuing at Crossrail, McCluskey told the Guardian. Blacklisting is a national scandal it ruins lives and has no place in a modern society. Allegations that workers on the 15bn project were victimised for raising safety issues have been backed by a former electrician on the project. Frank Morris is raising an employment tribunal and blacklisting test case over claims he was dismissed from his job on Crossrail last September after voicing safety concerns. The tribunal is on hold as EIS, one of the companies involved, has gone into liquidation, but, with Unites backing, Morris is applying for permission to proceed to the high court. Morris, 38, has been an electrician for 18 years and claims he was dismissed after becoming a union representative on the project. BFK referred questions to Crossrail, which said the consortium denied Morriss claims, stating that he and 28 other workers who were employed by EIS were laid o once that section of work had been completed. However, a letter from the boss of EIS, Ron Turner, sent to the Unite union and seen by the Guardian, appears to dispute this. Dated 13 September 2012, shortly after BFKs decision to cancel EISs contract, Turner wrote: I rmly believe that the decision to cancel my contract was driven by BFK wanting to remove Mr Morris from the project. The letter also claimed a number of EIS workers, including Morris, had been treated extremely unfairly by BFK managers. Crossrail said the consortium denied the claims. A spokesman added: All contractors working on Crossrail must comply with the law, which explicitly outlaws this practice [blacklisting]. Crossrail has made clear to the trades unions that we will take rm, decisive and immediate action if any substantive evidence is presented. To date, none has been forthcoming, despite repeated requests.

revealed under-age gambling at a shop in the borough, it said. When contacted by the Guardian, both Paddy Power and William Hill declined to comment ahead of the hearing. Newham, one of the countrys poorest areas, has more than 80 betting shops with ve new shops opening each year. Paddy Power has a dozen in the borough and is applying to open three more this year. Driving this, says the borough, are fixed-odds betting terminals (FOBTs), dubbed the crack cocaine of gambling. Ian Corbett, who chairs the councils licensing subcommittee, said a team of private investigators had gathered evidence that four pounds out of every ve bet in the bookies went on the machines. People are not betting on the horses or the dogs. Its the machines they play. He claimed that violence, robbery, street drinking were taking place outside bookies. They are also targeting new immigrants to the area, those who have not been steeped in the Racing Post, who do not understand the odds, especially in the machines. The government is considering apparently contradictory policies on FOBTs. Under changes to planning laws, the Local Government Association warned last month that, by removing restrictions on planning, ministers were giving the green light to betting shops and payday lenders to ood the high street. However, the Department for Media, Culture and Sport said it was looking at lowering the stakes on FOBTs and increasing the length between spins on the machines.

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The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013 International editor: Charlie English Telephone: 020 3353 3577 Fax: 020 3353 3195 Email: international@guardian.co.uk Follow our coverage on Twitter: guardianworld

International

Brazil bets bn on World Cup rebuild

Will the development of outlying regions prove a colossal waste of money?
Jonathan Watts Manaus
When the heart of the Amazon was among the richest places on Earth, local rubber barons aunted their incredible wealth by building a spectacular opera house in Manaus with British steel, French glass and Italian marble. At great expense, they shipped construction materials across the Atlantic and down the Rio Negro, then lled their new venue in the forest with the worlds leading musicians and conductors. Even by the standards of the late 19th-century Belle Epoque, some considered this an extravagant folly. But those behind the scheme saw themselves as pushing back the boundaries of their civilisation. More than a century later, a similar spectacle is being prepared, but this time the sultry capital of Amazonas will not be staging La Gioconda; it will be hosting the World Cup. History has turned full circle for Manaus, says Eric Gamboa, of the local organising committee. In our last golden age, we built an opera house with plantation money. This time we are building a stadium and our money comes from industry. Brazil is similarly hoping to prove how far it has come in 2014. A year from now, Manaus will be among 12 venues that look likely to provide some of the most stunning settings the beautiful game has ever known. But beyond the four-week tournaments push into the outer reaches of the global football empire, the long-term legacy is far from assured due to corruption, poor management and weak attendances. At rst, it may seem strange that the sport has any ground left to conquer in Brazil. The ve-time World Cup winner may not be the home of football, but it is arguably where the game has been played with the greatest style, passion and success. The government is spending 31bn reais (9bn) on the World Cup to accelerate social and economic development and to modernise the image of Brazil from the Rio-centric stereotypes of samba, carnival and beaches. By building and refurbishing stadiums, it aims to demonstrate the maturity of a nation that has moved in the past 50 years from dictatorship to democracy, from hyperination to stable economic growth and from staggering inequality towards a somewhat more balanced society. No one pretends Brazil is there yet. Although it is vying with Britain to be the worlds fth biggest economy, it is racked by chronic problems, many of which have become evident in the cities that will stage games in 2014. Manaus is a case in point. While six of the host cities will participate in the Confederations Cup test event that starts this week in Manaus, the construction of the 550m-real Amazonia Arena is over time, over budget and likely to be underused once its four World Cup matches are over. Building a venue in this remote island city of 2.3 million residents was always going to be a stretch. Located in one of the planets last great wildernesses, Manaus is doubly isolated: rst by the conuence of the Rio Negro and Rio Solimes, then by a sea of green forest that stretches close to 600 miles on all sides. The electric storms that buet Manaus sometimes overload the local grid and burn out computers, air conditioners and fridges. Rainy-season downpours can turn a building site into a swimming pool. The equatorial sunlight is so intense that it can bleach coloured plastic seating. This makes everything more dicult and expensive, yet the planners opted for a complex steel-lattice design, which is ostensibly modelled on a traditional hand-woven basket but looks remarkably similar to the Birds Nest Olympic stadium in Beijing. Unlike the Chinese capital, there is no nearby cheap and abundant source of steel that can be delivered on time to the required technical standards. Instead, all 6,700 tonnes are being smelted in Portugal, shipped across the Atlantic and down the Rio Negro. Only two of the three ships have arrived. To lift these giant weights into place, the builders have also had to ship in heavy-duty cranes from China and the US. That can be dicult during even the dry season, when the waters of the Negro are too low for container ships, which means equipment has to be own in at even greater expense. Budget holdups have added to delays. The roof of the stadium ought to have been put in place in March, but the structure is only 60% nished. The local football club, Nacional, was supposed to be playing in the new stadium, but they are having to make do with a municipal ground with two open ends, missing oodlight bulbs and a hand-operated scoreboard with wonky numbers. Whether the team from Serie D Brazils fourth division are ready for a 43,000-capacity World Cup superstadium is another concern. Matches in the Amazonas league attract an average crowd of 588 supporters. Although they are the most popular team in an area greater than Britain, France, Germany and Italy combined, Nacional attract an average attendance similar to that of Burton Albion FC. Most football fans in Manaus support southern glamour clubs, such as Flamengo, Botafogo, Corinthians and Santos. Everyone in Brazil is critical of Manauss World Cup plans because they say the stadium will never be used. We might not ll it, but we wont let it go to waste, insisted Matheus Augusto, a devoted 19-year-old Nacional supporter, at half-time. I think more fans will come when we have a new stadium. Manaus is far from alone in having a mega-stadium and a minor team. In Braslia, the 70,000-seat, $495m (325m)

10 things you should know about Brazil

Where to stay
To be close to the England team (if they qualify), stay in the Copacabana tourist trap. For a more upmarket neighbourhood, head ema further down the beach to Ipanema t the or Leblon. For the best views at ant lowest prices, and a more vibrant otel slice of Rio life, nd a favela hotel in Vidigal or Tavares Bastos.

How to get around

Book early or be punished. Domestic ights are absurdly expensive in Braz Brazil. The alternative if you have the time to travel like the locals is to use long-distance buses.

Rip-os to avoid
It is almost impossible to avoid rip-os in Brazil. To stretch your budget to the max stay, eat and drink in or near a pacied favela, get around by bus or metro, and ll up on rice and beans at a kilo restaurant, where you pay by weight.

What to do between matches

In Rio the tourist trail usually starts with the crowded landmarks of the Christ the Redeemer statue, Sugarloaf mountain and Copacabana, but for stunning scenery try day trips to Bzios, Paraty or Petropolis. So Paulo is less attractive, but the Museum of Art arguably has the best collection in South America. More adventurous travellers can choose from some of the worlds most spectacular landscapes. For starters, try the Iguazu Falls on the wi Argentina, Itaimborder with bezinh canyons in Santa bezinho Ca Cat aa Catarina, the beaches, dese and ne food of deserts Bah and of course the Bahia, Ama Amazon.

How to say the Falkland Islands shall remain ever British in Portuguese
As Ilhas Malvinas devem continuar britnicas para sempre is a ne gambit if you want to dig up old enmities between Britain and South America (though Argentina is a candidate for the least popular nation in the region). The more diplomatically minded might try: No vamos falar sobre as Malvinas (Lets not talk about the Falklands).

What to eat
The most common dish is rice, beans and manioc (or cassava), which means vegetarians will never go hungry. Brazil is the land of the Cerrado plains, which is beef country. For a feast, try a churrascaria barbeque. More daring palates should sample the cuisine of Bahia which has African roots such a gravy-like as bob de camero (a shrimp dish served in a clay pot). In So Paulo with the largest Japanese commummunity outside ou he Japan the sushi and an udon are excelle excellent.

Where to avoid
Rio is safer now thanks to the favela pacication programme and the ooding of tourist zones with police, but wherever you go in Brazil be wary of dark streets and watch your belongings. Probably also best to avoid unpacied favelas unless you have a local guide or good friends among the Red Command gang.

What to sing
Tall and tan and young ng and lovely, the girl from ng Ipanema goes walking s and when she passes s goes: each one she passes Arent you a bit old for all that now? The muse for perhaps Brazils most port is enduring musical export g out now nearly 70, so dig some Criolo, Tulipa Ruiz or t those Bixiga70, or else put football chants to a samba beat.

How to be cool on the beach

Spend at least a year on your physiqu physique and a month on your tan before arriving, then slip into surf shorts o or a bikini, wear Havaiana ip-o ops, buy the most overprice sunglasses you can nd priced and then hang out at Post 9 in Ipa Ipanema.

What to play in the absence of the vuvuzela

If you get a sudden urge to make an ocially sanctioned, recycledplastic manufactured noise, then buy yourself a caxirola, but dont expect to be allowed to take it y are Fifa to the match. They Fifalicensed products, but the world football body banned them from ens matches after dozens were thrown on to the pitch in a test event.

In tomorrows Guardian
Will it be safe? Many of Rios slums have been racked by crime. Will Brazil 2014 change Rios image as an outlaw city?

On guardian.co.uk/world
Interactive Brazils World Cup venues

Man Garrincha stadium opened last week, but the capitals teams rarely attracts more than a few hundred fans. The lower-division sides in Cuiab will also struggle to ll even a fraction of the 47,000-capacity Arena Pantanal, another delayed construction project. The World Cup will raise the international prole of Manaus and accelerate infrastructure improvements (the city claims investment of more than 5bn reais on an airport upgrade, better connections to the national grid, improved transport and a 4G wireless network).

The government justies the expense of stadiums in such far-ung places on the grounds of redistribution, in line with its aim to reduce inequality between north and south, black and white, poor and rich. Critics smell corruption a longstanding problem in Brazil. The football star turned politician Romrio said the venues at Manaus, Braslia, Cuiab and Natal were unlikely to survive beyond the World Cup. Maybe theyll stage concerts at those stadiums a few times a month, but that aside, theyre a joke, he said.

For the outside world, such debates may seen irrelevant. After all, it will be Brazilian taxpayers who bear the brunt of the costs, while Fifa rakes in the income from what looks likely to be the most lucrative World Cup ever. The distances between venues and cost of domestic ights and hotels will make 2014 extremely expensive for visiting fans. Manaus may be o the beaten track, but not many football venues can oer the post-match option of jungle tours, tribal dancing or swimming with pink boto dolphins.

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

15

International

Discord as Women of the Wall sing out at last

Orthodox Jews protest as feminists mark victory Activists denounced as abomination to God
Phoebe Greenwood Jerusalem
The rst women arrived at the Western Wall as the dawn mist cleared, deftly binding their arms with black leather straps that fixed Torah scrolls to their fingers and heads. By 7am, there were 300 women clad in white prayer shawls and skull caps drawing stares of amazement as their singing swelled in a loud chorus. A group of teenage schoolgirls praying nearby burst into ts of giggles. One wailed tunelessly, mimicking the womens enthusiastic songs. Another shook her head at the group of women praying like men. Youre crazy! she shouted across a line policewomen, half amused, half outraged. This is against the Torah! Sundays service celebrating the rst day of the Jewish month of Tamuz marked an historic moment in modern Jewish history. Since Israel reclaimed the Western Wall in 1967, one of the most sacred sites in Judaism has been run in strict accordance with ultra-Orthodox protocol. Women and men have been segregated. Only men have been allowed to sing from the Torah, don white prayer shawls and apply the black leather tlin straps. Yesterday marked a victory for Women of the Wall, a feminist group which has been campaigning for the right to pray on equal terms to men at the site since 1988. The activists argue that Jewish law does not prohibit women from praying as men do. International support for their cause rocketed in February, when 10 members including the sister of the US comedian Sarah Silverman were arrested for illegally wearing prayer shawls. In April, Israels supreme court nally ruled that the Women of the Wall should be allowed to pray freely at the site. The decision has outraged Israels largely conservative religious community. Years of tension erupted in violent clashes and multiple arrests during prayers

Mandela friend urges family to release him

David Smith Johannesburg and Brian Hayward Qunu
Nelson Mandela spent a second day in hospital yesterday as one of his oldest friends broke a national taboo by urging his family to release him. The 94-year-old was taken to hospital in the early hours of Saturday morning with a recurring lung infection and was described as serious but stable. His daughter Zindzi struck an upbeat note yesterday, saying: Ive seen my father and hes well. Hes a ghter. But the countrys best-selling weekly newspaper, the Sunday Times, carried the front page headline: Its time to let him go. The paper quoted Andrew Mlangeni, a fellow veteran of the anti-apartheid struggle and former Robben Island prisoner, saying: We wish Madiba a speedy recovery but I think what is important is that his family must release him. You have been coming to the hospital too many times. Quite clearly you are not well and there is a possibility you might not be well again. Mlangeni, 88, a co-defendant with Mandela in the 1960s Rivonia trial, continued: The family must release him so that God may have his own way. They must release him spiritually and put their faith in the hands of God. Once the family releases him, the people of South Africa will follow. We will say thank you, God, you have given us this man and we will release him too. Mlangenis intervention touched a subject that many in South Africa, including senior leaders, have seemed unwilling to face: Mandela is mortal and cannot, perhaps should not, be kept alive at all costs. There was controversy in April when the South African president, Jacob Zuma, led a delegation to Mandelas house and posed for TV cameras while the nonagenarian sat frail and unsmiling. On Saturday a Twitter user, Hlomla Dandala, posed the question: When we are called to pray for Mandela as a nation, what is it we are praying for? For him to live (in pain) or die (so he can rest)?

A policewoman guards Women of the Wall at yesterdays service Photograph: Gali Tibbon/AFP/Getty Images

at the wall last month. On Friday, a teenage settler was arrested for inquiring on Facebook if it was permissible under Jewish law to shoot Women of the Wall members. But yesterday, a police force that only weeks ago had arrested Women of the Wall supporters anked them at every side. Dozens of armed officers ensured they were bussed directly to the entrance

They are determined to stay in their own ghettos, both mental and physical

of a segregated corridor leading into a pen in front of but not touching the Western Wall. Ella Rembrand, a 33-year-old car mechanic, was among several women who refused to be caged. She crossed the barricades and tried to embrace the ultra-orthodox women praying loudly beside her. The women recoiled, denouncing Rembrand and her fellow worshippers as an abomination to God. From the far side of the wall, men poked their heads over the fence into the womens section. A young mother spat across her pram into the Women of the Wall enclosure. Rembrand argued that this hostile reaction proved her point. We are trying to be inclusive, to encourage pluralism, and

they are determined to stay in their own ghettos, both mental and physical. Yesterdays ultra-Orthodox counterprotest was smaller than anticipated, with about 200 men, women and children. Sara Rigler was among them. Womens singing is oensive here. Men who dont want to hear women singing cant close their ears. Its sexually provocative and violates local mores, she said. This issue has been cast in terms of freedom. But this is violating the freedom of men not to hear women singing. Acknowledging the angry chants , Women of the Wall supporter Lior Nevo cradled her two-month daughter Netta and smiled: Its the price of our success at least they notice us now.

Obama and Xi reach greenhouse gas deal

Dan Roberts Rancho Mirage Suzanne Goldenberg Washington
The Chinese contrition over cyber-attacks that Washington had hoped for failed to materialise, but historic talks between presidents Obama and Xi Jinping lived up to their billing in other regards, with agreement on issues ranging from climate change to North Korea. Meeting in the baking heat of a Palm Springs country estate, the two leaders broke with protocol for two days of informal talks aimed at creating a new spirit of co-operation between the worlds two economic superpowers. The common ground they found, however, was not quite what the White House expected, as talks on cyber-espionage were overshadowed by revelations about Washingtons own cyber-warfare strategy. The leaders discussed the issue for several hours, according to aides, but the best the US was able to boast afterwards was that Beijing was no longer unaware of the depth of feeling on the subject. Its quite obvious now that the Chinese senior leadership understand clearly the importance of this issue to the United States, said Obamas national security adviser, Tom Donilon. Washington stressed it wished to discuss cyber-enabled economic theft rather than broader espionage and surveillance activity, but the nuance may have been lost. Xi chastised US media for failing to report equally on attacks made against China. The two leaders appeared to make progress in other areas, seemingly aware they face increasingly shared challenges and responsibilities. Under the climate deal, the US and China, the worlds biggest emitters of greenhouse gases, said they would work with other countries to reduce the fastest growing source of emissions, the hydrouorocarbons (HFCs) used in air conditioners and refrigerators. HFCs are an extremely potent class of greenhouse gas up to 1,000 times more so than carbon dioxide but they clear out of the atmosphere relatively quickly, in about 10-15 years. That short lifespan means cutting HFCs can deliver almost immediate results, avoiding up to six times as much warming by 2050 as reductions in carbon dioxide. Left unabated, HFC emissions could grow to nearly 20% of carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, a serious climate mitigation concern, the White House said. The significance of co-operation between Washington and Beijing on climate issues could be even broader. China had previously said cutting emissions would compromise its economic growth, while the US said it would not act on climate change until China did. In the case of HFCs, there was momentum building towards a deal before the meeting. More than 100 countries have shown support for using the Montreal protocol, an agreement reached in 1987 to phase out substances that were depleting the ozone layer, to act on reducing HFCs. Donilon said the Chinese also rearmed their anxiety about nuclear proliferation in North Korea and pledged to work together to encourage regional talks. Xis foreign policy adviser, Yang Jiechi, said the leaders talked about co-operation and did not shy away from dierences. The bonhomie was punctured by a lastminute decision by the Chinese delegation not to stay with Obama at the historic Sunnylands estate, favouring a downtown hotel reputedly to minimise the risk of electronic eavesdropping.

16

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

International
Libya

In the pink Girls Generation start world tour

26 die as militia opens re on demonstrators

Libyas army chief of sta has resigned after at least 26 people were killed and 80 wounded when a militia opened re on protesters gathered outside its headquarters in Benghazi on Saturday. The demonstrators were demanding that the Libya Shield brigade submit to the authority of the countrys security forces. Television pictures showed people and cars eeing in panic from the scene amid the crackle of gunre. The prime minister, Ali Zidan, appealed for calm, and promised an investigation. The killings came when a protest march calling for militias to disband wound its way through the streets to the Libya Shield base. There were reports that some in the crowd threw stones at the base and militiamen red back. Army chief of sta Major General Youssef al-Mangoush resigned citing the unusually high death toll from the Benghazi clashes. Military ocers had been protesting against al-Mangoush for weeks, accusing him of corruption and of failing to exert authority over militias. Resentment has been growing over the refusal of revolutionary militias to heed calls by the government to disband. Chris Stephen and agencies Tripoli

South Korean K-pop group Girls Generation line up in Seoul yesterday before their world tour Photograph: Yoo Yong-suk/Yonhap/AP

US

16 months on Trayvon Martin case to start

Almost 16 months after he shot and killed an unarmed black teenager in a confrontation at his Florida housing estate, George Zimmerman will go on trial for second-degree murder today. The death of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin at the hands of a white-Hispanic neighbourhood watch captain sparked racial tensions and placed Floridas controversial gun laws under intense scrutiny. Yet the trial in Sanford, which

is expected to last six weeks and begins this morning with several days of jury selection, comes down to one basic question, analysts say. Was the man acting in self-defence, or was he the perpetrator? said Dr Vibert White, an expert in African-American studies who has lectured on the case. Who wins that argument wins the trial. Its that simple. Zimmerman, 29, who denies murder, has claimed that he red the single shot because he was in fear of his life. The prosecutors, meanwhile, will argue that Zimmerman acted as a vigilante. They will say he proled the hoodie-wearing teenager and pursued and confronted him. Richard Luscombe Miami

Germany

Brechts Berlin theatre company faces eviction

The future of the Berliner Ensemble, the theatre company founded by Bertolt Brecht, hangs in the balance as a result of a row over the rental contract between the group and the owner of the theatre it calls home. The company has been based at the Theater am Schi bauerdamm beside the river Spree ee in Berlin for almost 60 years, but the leader of the founun-

dation that owns the theatre says he is cancelling the contract and evicting the company. Rolf Hochhuth of the Ilse Holzapfel Foundation claims the BE and its director Claus Peymann have consistently outed the contracts conditions, including a requirement to stage an annual performance of Hochhuths 1960s play The Deputy, which criticises the perceived indierence of Pope Pius XII to the deportation of Jews from Rome during the second world war. Brecht founde founded the BE in 1949 to perform his wor works, including A Life of Galileo and The Threepenny Opera. He died in in 1956, and after the death of o his wife Helene Weigel in 1971, 197 the theatre group has incorporated a wider i variety of playwrights var producing innovative and pr controversial pieces. c Louise Osborne Berlin

China

Brother-in-law of Nobel laureate jailed for fraud

The brother-in-law of imprisoned Nobel peace prize laureate Liu Xiaobo was jailed for 11 years yesterday. Activists say the case is a further example of retribution against the Liu family. His sister, Liu Xia, has been living under house arrest since he won the Nobel prize in October 2010. The court in Huairou convicted Liu and his colleague at a real estate company in Shenzhen of defrauding another man of 3m yuan (314,000). Liu Xiaobo was jailed for 11 years in 2009 on charges of inciting subversion after gathering support for Charter 08, which called for democratic reforms. Tania Branigan Beijing

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The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

17

International

Champion of democracy who dared Editors retrial for naming to return to Egypt on spying charge suspected tax dodgers
Helena Smith Athens

UK-born election observer could have stayed in Britain, but chose to risk jail
Patrick Kingsley Cairo
Early last February, 26-year-old Hafsa Halawa was visiting her sister in Britain when she nally found out what she had dreaded for weeks. Back in Egypt, where Halawa worked as an election observer, she had been sent to trial with 42 other democracy advocates ostensibly for being employed by a foreign NGO that had not been properly registered. British-born, raised in Plymouth, and the daughter of a retired NHS surgeon, Halawa could have stayed put; the charge was clearly politicised. The 43 had taught parliamentary candidates how to campaign, or monitored poll counts. But that day investigators claimed they were foreign spies, and sought to jail them on an administrative technicality. An MP had called for them to be executed. Under earlier interrogation, Halawa herself had been accused of outing the Geneva conventions. That day in February 2012, Halawa had a choice: she could stay safely in Britain, or being half-Egyptian and ercely patriotic return to Egypt to face the possibility of jail. Her mother, whose own father had ed death threats in Saddam Husseins Iraq, told her to stay. Family friends, who had been jailed under Mubarak, agreed. Everyone said: stay, stay, stay, she said this week. Dont you dare come back. But she came back. I was very adamant that: no, I was employed as an Egyptian, so Ill be investigated and interrogated as an Egyptian. Plus, I hadnt done anything wrong. Even if this went the whole way, it seemed impossible that Id be found guilty. But last week, after an 18-month trial, Halawa was sentenced to 12 months in prison, suspended for three years not quite what she had expected in 2011, when she left law school in Britain to help rebuild post-revolutionary Egypt. After joining the National Democratic Institute (NDI, an NGO that promotes the democratic process), she spent the next six months training Egypts new political parties, and leading poll observers in southern Egypt. On 29 December, she was preparing to return to Cairo, and called a colleague at head oce. She said: theres a lot of police outside, let me call you back. She never did.

I hadnt done anything wrong. It seemed impossible that Id be found guilty

Hafsa Halawa, above
At that moment, dozens of armed policemen had burst into NDIs headquarters and those of 17 other Cairo NGOs and over the next six hours seized les and computers. Earlier that year, the US government had paid grants worth $65m (42m) directly to the NGOs concerned circumventing the relevant Cairo authorities. Furious and suspicious, an Egyptian minister retaliated with the raids and, later, the trial. The case was considered so politicised that, within weeks, all but two of the 28 foreign-born defendants had secretly ed the country on a private plane. Halawa was one who stayed. The

other was NDIs Robert Becker, a former Democratic party campaigner, who felt that the remaining Egyptian defendants would be forgotten if the Americans all left. Becker was red by NDI a few days later. And while Halawa and her Egyptian colleagues remained on the payroll, it was hard to nd new work. With NDI on her CV, no similar group dared employ her. But despite family advice, she remains in Egypt to ght on. Hafsa and the other Egyptians that I shared a cage with for 18 months are some of the most courageous people Ive ever seen, said Becker, who escaped to Italy after nally being jailed last Tuesday. She certainly could have left. She cares deeply about the future direction of her country, and I applaud her for staying. For the moment, Halawa and her fellow defendants are still jobless and in limbo while they decide whether and how to appeal. But in the meantime, they have an even greater concern: a new NGO law, passing through Egypts senate, that may be even harsher than the one she was convicted under. Halawas trial was instigated under the military junta, while it is the new Islamist administration that is now pushing the draconian new NGO law. But both measures stem from the same suspicion of outside involvement in Egyptian aairs. The verdict and the law go hand in hand, said Christoph Wilcke, director of the Middle East and North Africa programme at Transparency International, an NGO that campaigns against political corruption, and which is now rethinking how best to open an Egyptian oce. This verdict makes it quite clear that foreign funding for advocacy-related enterprises is not welcome.

A Greek newspaper editor accused of breaking privacy laws when he published the names of suspected tax dodgers with deposits in Switzerland is to be retried this week in a case that has raised howls of protest over press censorship in the crisis-hit country. Seven months after being exonerated by a tribunal in Athens, Kostas Vaxevanis will be brought before a court to face the same charge today. It is tragic that instead of going after tax evaders, it is me who is being put on trial when an ocial investigation has already proved that the list was utterly mishandled, he told the Guardian. None of this would have come out had we not published the names, he added, referring to the 2,059 wealthy Greeks on the so-called Lagarde list. The hearing, made necessary when the public prosecutors oce in Athens invalidated the rst verdict , comes as a parliamentary inquiry into the handling of the dossier enters a critical stage. The investigation took an unexpected turn when MPs voted to step up charges against former nance minister George Papaconstantinou , who was accused of dereliction of duty after Vaxevanis revealed the list in the bi-monthly magazine Hot Doc. Papaconstantinou, who left politics as a result of this, was given the names of Greeks with holdings in the Geneva branch of HSBC by his then French counterpart, Christine Lagarde, and has been charged with doctoring the list to remove three of his relatives from it. Lagarde, now head of the International Monetary Fund, says she handed Papaconstantinou the data originally stolen by an HSBC employee on the premise he would use it to pursue tax dodgers. In a secret ballot last week, conducted

on the basis of the inquirys findings, parliament voted to toughen charges against Papaconstantinou, accusing him of criminal breach of faith. The oence carries a prison sentence. The hearing coincides with increasing popular demands for punishment to be meted out to politicians, who are widely perceived to have played a central role in bringing Greece to the point of economic collapse. Plummeting living standards and relentless austerity measures have harshened the political climate. In an atmosphere thick with rage, Papaconstantinou is seen as the architect of Greeces rst bailout a rescue programme that even the IMF concedes was botched. The former LSE-trained economist told Kostas Vaxevanis has already been exonerated by the Greek courts once over his publication of the Lagarde list parliament last week that he had been scapegoated by a political establishment whose credibility has been shattered by the crisis and the measures successive governments have been forced to take. The aim here is not to serve justice, unfortunately, the aim is to nd a political victim, said Papaconstantinou. Vaxevanis has insisted he is willing to go to prison to highlight press censorship in a country where media owners are often in cahoots with government interests. Vaxevanis has done nothing wrong, says Giorgos Kyrtsos, a prominent political commentator and publisher of the self-financed Free Press in Athens. Once again, this trial proves that far from being independent, the judiciary system in this country is politically controlled by the state.

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BARCLAYS INVESTMENT FUNDS (LUXEMBOURG) Socit dinvestissement capital variable Registered Ofce: 2-4, rue Eugne Ruppert, L-2453 Luxembourg Luxembourg B 31 439 Extraordinary General Meeting RECONVENING NOTICE Dear Shareholder, As the Extraordinary General Meeting of BARCLAYS INVESTMENT FUNDS (LUXEMBOURG) (the Company) held on 7 June 2013 could not validly deliberate on the proposed resolutions due to a lack of quorum required, the shareholders are hereby reconvened to assist at an Extraordinary General Meeting of the Company to be held on 12 July 2013 at 12.00 Noon Central European Time (CET), at the registered ofce of the Company, to deliberate and vote on the following agenda: 1. To resolve on the liquidation of the Company to be effective on the date of the meeting; and 2. To appoint BDO Tax & Accounting, 2, avenue Charles de Gaulle, L-1653 Luxembourg, represented by Mr. Pierre Lentz and Mr. Reno Maurizio Tonelli, as liquidator and to determine the liquidators powers and remuneration. No quorum is required for the holding of the meeting. The rst resolution will be adopted if approved by 75% or more of the votes cast at the Extraordinary General Meeting. The second resolution will be passed if approved by a simple majority of the votes cast at the Extraordinary General Meeting. A vote on resolution number 2 will only be taken if the resolution number 1 is passed in favour of the liquidation of the Company. Proxies received for the Extraordinary General Meeting held on 7 June 2013 will be kept and remain valid for this reconvened Extraordinary General Meeting, unless expressly revoked. A Form of Proxy is available from the registered ofce of the Company. As stated in the convening notice published with respect to the Extraordinary General Meeting held on 7 June 2013, no further subscriptions in the Company are accepted as from 21 May 2013. The last valuation day and last dealing day of the Company will be 11 July 2013. Shareholders who have not presented a redemption request for their shares by 2.30 p.m. (CET) on 11 July 2013 will participate in the liquidation procedure and will receive a pro rata portion of the liquidation proceeds. The Board of Directors BARCLAYS INVESTMENT FUNDS (LUXEMBOURG)

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The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

Eyewitness 09.06.13 Marseille

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

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Mass migration Livestock pictured before the nal parade of TransHumance, a monthlong art project in France, Italy and Morocco celebrating the seasonal movement of people and cattle Photograph: Boris Horvat/AFP/Getty

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The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013 Business editor: Julia Finch Tel: 020 3353 3795 Fax: 020 3353 3196 Email: nancial@guardian.co.uk Follow us at twitter.com/BusinessDesk

Financial

Hand bank shares to public, Osborne told

Analysis Osborne has two options on bank shares
Nils Pratley
f George Osborne wants to begin to sell shares in Royal Bank of Scotland and Lloyds before the May 2015 election he needs to get a move on. The rst step is to choose how to sell. There are probably only two models. One is the Thatcherite method of selling to institutional and retail investors via a mass oer of shares. That game is straightforward: give private individuals a discount and sit back and await a rush of orders from bargain-hunters. Mainstream City funds would have to pay a higher price but might feel obliged to do so because the banks are such a large slice of the stock market. But there are several problems. One is the sheer size of the banks. The states stakes are worth roughly 50bn far too much to sell in one go. So 2014 would have to see a partial sale, with the promise of more to follow. Second, theres a technical diculty that wasnt present in the 1980s. According to Policy Exchange, any discounts to retail investors would have to be oered to all EU citizens. In practice, the sni of a few cheap shares in Lloyds probably wont provoke drooling in Lisbon or Ljubljana, but the political risk cant be ignored. Third, theres a basic point about fairness. As Policy Exchange puts it: Only those taxpayers who could aord to buy the shares could take part in the privatisation, whereas all taxpayers contributed to the bailout. Thus the thinktank has presented an alternative model it views as fairer. Taxpayers would submit their national insurance numbers to get an allocation of shares that would be held in a nominee account. The government would then set a oor price for the shares say 350p for RBS. If the taxpayer sells above 350p, the Treasury gets the 350p but the individual gets the rest. Policy Exchange is right when it says its idea would cause less disruption to the banks share prices. The trouble is, theres no wow factor. Osborne would be distributing shares worth, say, 1500 to 25 million people. But there would be no instant windfall for buyers since the Treasury would still be claiming all the value up to the oor price. The chancellor could gift the shares to individuals, but with the cost of a giant write-down in the Treasurys accounts. So, its the Thatcherite model versus that of Policy Exchange. But why the rush to sell? Lloyds, in particular, seems to be doing just ne under 39% state ownership.

Bank oer would create a whole new generation of shareholders said James Barty, author of the Policy Exchange report Photograph: Dan Kitwood/Getty Images

Take now, pay later proposal for taxpayers Thinktank rejects demand for breakup of RBS
Jill Treanor
George Osborne will be urged today to re the starting gun on a sell-o of the governments stake in RBS and Lloyds Bank Group by oering shares worth 1,650 a person to 48 million taxpayers. A report by the inuential thinktank Policy Exchange says the chancellor should ignore calls from Tory peer Lord Lawson, the outgoing Bank of England governor, Sir Mervyn King, and the archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, to break up Royal Bank of Scotland. Instead, he should press on with a scheme to distribute shares to voters, who would buy them at a later date, alongside a sale to big City investors that could raise new capital. The report, while not commissioned by Osborne, could be inuential in shaping his thinking as he prepares to deliver his Mansion House speech to the City next week in which he is expected to signal his intention but not necessarily the methodology to return the bailed-out banks back to the private sector in what would be Britains biggest ever privatisation. At the weekend it was reported that Osborne could select a traditional privatisation and sell Lloyds rst. But it is unclear whether a decision has been made on the

way to proceed. Osborne is expected to consider a range of options including the four analysed by Policy Exchange: selling o the stakes in tranches; a traditional privatisation; a free give away; or the option the analysts favour to distribute shares alongside a sell-o to City investors. He is also awaiting the report from the independent commission on banking, whose members include Welby and Lawson, meeting today to try to reach agreement on their reforms to clean up the City in time for it to be published before the Mansion House speech. The Treasury would not comment on the Policy Exchange report, but said: The governments policy remains that RBS and Lloyds continue to become stronger

and safer banks that support the British economy, which in time can be returned to full private ownership when its in the interests of the taxpayer to do so. As the chancellor has said, we need functioning banks supporting the real economy instead of nursing their wounds, and we will set out the way ahead once the parliamentary banking commission has completed its work. It is a politically sensitive issue with Vince Cable, the business secretary, arguing against a rapid sale of RBS. The Policy Exchange report includes a series of calculations that could allow Osborne to argue that the government was making a prot on its stakes at current prices of at least 1bn even though shares in both banks are worth 18bn less than

The four options

Staged sale Lloyds could be sold in 5bn tranches, leaving a 15% stake by the time of the election. RBS could take up to six tranches, which could take six years and would not be complete by the election. The Treasury has treated this option as its base case for a sell-o. Traditional privatisation About 15bn of shares could be sold o in one hit but banks are not, yet, regarded as utilities. The risks are high there might not be enough interest, and all EU citizens might need a chance to get involved. The shares would also need to be priced at a discount to current prices, already trading at losses. Giveaway A simple handout of shares is costly, involving a 50bn writedown, and could prompt large-scale selling of the shares. The government might also be forced to make them available to all EU citizens. Policy Exchanges favoured proposal Builds upon the idea of Portman Capital Partners and Lib Dem MP Stephen Williams. Taxpayers apply for shares at zero initial cost, but the government xes the price at which they will pay for the shares later. Crucially, it allows a sale of shares to City and retail investors at the same time. This would allow the banks to raise extra capital.

the 46bn the taxpayer paid for them in a series of rescues during 2008 and 2009. In its calculations, the thinktank reduces the price at which taxpayers break even on their stakes by incorporating fees paid by the banks to the government. Under that scenario, the taxpayers 39% stake in Lloyds break even at 51p compared with the 73.6p identied by UK Financial Investments, which looks after the taxpayer banks. For RBS, the break even point fall from 502p to 360p Oering shares to the public along with a traditional share oering would create a whole new generation of shareholders, according to James Barty, the author of the report. Portman developed a model that guarantees a xed minimum price, known as the oor price, allowing people to pocket the dierence when the share price rises above this level. Policy Exchange has tweaked the methodology, requiring UK residents aged 18 and over with a national insurance number and on the electoral role to apply for shares in both banks. The value of the stakes will depend on how many of those eligible apply Policy Exchange estimates that between 20 million and 30 million people will apply, four times the number involved in the demutualisation of the Halifax building society 15 years ago. They would receive shares valued at between 1,100 and 1,650. The shares applied for would be divided equally among applicants, who would pay for them when they sell at a later date. The government receives the oor price and prots for the individual paid into a nominee account.

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

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Financial

Burberry chief executive becomes rst woman to top FTSE 100 pay league
Angela Ahrendts was paid .m in She is one of only three women on FTSE list
Rupert Neate Simon Bowers
A 53-year-old woman from Indiana who transformed a venerable maker of trenchcoats into a 6.3bn fashion powerhouse and has confessed to a reliance on Diet Coke to get through gruelling days at the heart of a global luxury goods empire has become the rst female to rise to the top of Britains executive pay league. Angela Ahrendts, the chief executive of fashion label Burberry, took home a total pay package of 16.9m last year, almost 5m more than the next highest paid chief executive, according to a survey of bosses at Britains top 350 listed companies by corporate governance group Manifest and pay consultancy MM&K. The package, which included bonuses, benefits and the sale of bonus shares, makes Ahrendts the best paid person in corporate Britain. It is the rst time a woman has ever risen to the top of the executive pay league. Deborah Hargreaves, director of the High Pay Centre thinktank, said it was quite extraordinary that a woman has finally been able to out-earn men in corporate Britain, but warned that women are still vastly outnumbered and underpaid compared with men. Ahrendts is one of just three female chief executives on the bluechip FTSE 100 list, despite mounting government pressure for greater diversity in corporate Britain. The other female bosses in the FTSE 100 are Alison Cooper, who runs Imperial Tobacco, and Carolyn McCall, the boss of easyJet. Women make up less than a fifth of FTSE 100 boards with less than two years to go to meet the governments 25% target set by former banker Lord Davies in 2011. But Britains best paid boss is one of the most high-profile opponents of legally binding targets for boardroom representation. I am not in favour of quotas, she said last year. Just put the best person into the job. It is not about gender, it is about experience, leadership and vision. A man could do this job. The mother of three has risen from modest beginnings as one of six siblings from smalltown America. She harboured ambitions of a fashion career as she sewed her own clothes, to become one of the most powerful executives in the multibillionpound luxury goods industry. Burberrys signature product remains its trenchcoats with the distinctive check lining, but the business has now branched out into a plethora of goods from animal print scarves to own-brand cosmetics. One of Ahrendts rst acts when she took over the hot seat in 2006 was to scale back use of the Burberry check, whose ubiquity

New measure puts US in worse position than Greece

Phillip Inman Economics correspondent
Ireland, Greece and Portugal are labouring under debt-to-income ratios of more than 300%, according to gures that expose the indebtedness of eurozone governments in relation to their government revenues. The measure, intended to show governments abilities to pay debts, shows Irelands total debts in 2012 was 192bn (163.1bn), or 340% of the governments income. Greece has amassed an even worse debt-to-revenue total of 351%. Portugal came third with a debt-to-revenue ratio of 302%, while Britain was sixth last year on the list of 27 European Union member states, with a ratio of 212%, according to calculations based on European commission gures. Debt gures are usually calculated as a ratio of national income and expressed as a proportion of GDP. But national income gures reect activity across the whole economy whereas governments must pay debts from tax receipts and other government income. So some analysts argue a governments debt-to-revenue ratio provides a clearer picture of its ability to fund annual debt payments once interest rates are taken into account. The US is in even worse shape than Greece. Its $16tn (10 tn) debt is the equivalent of 105% of GDP, but more than 560% of government revenues. Washingtons debt payments are cheap after a plunge in the interest it pays on government bonds, but with revenues of only 14% of GDP compared with about 40% across much of the EU, its ability to pay is weakened. Ireland, which is often commended for its recovery from the banking crash, has seen a sharp rise in its debt-to-revenue ratio in the last four years. In 2009 the ratio was 187%. A year later it had jumped to 262% before reaching 340% in 2012. However, the country appears to be in better shape when debt-to-GDP gures are used. It ranks fourth, with a 117.6% ratio, after Greece, Italy and Portugal. Greeces performance, by contrast, has improved. It has pushed through a huge clampdown on government spending and has seen its ratio fall from 402% in 2011 to 351% in 2012. The healthiest economies according to the debt-to-revenue measure are the Nordic nations, where Sweden enjoys a 75% ratio, Denmark a 82% ratio and Finland a 99% ratio in 2012.

Angela Ahrendts speaks at the 2011 World Business Forum in New York Photograph: Peter Foley/Bloomberg via Getty Images

among celebrities and counterfeits was seen as damaging the brand. Despite her comments on quotas, news of her ascendancy to the top of the FTSE pay list drew warnings that more needs to be done to redress the gender imbalance in boardrooms. Frances OGrady, general secretary of the TUC, said: It would be wrong to interpret a female topping the CEO pay list as some sort of breakthrough for womens equality. The majority of Britains boardrooms and senior positions remain closed to women.

Top CEO pay

Total remuneration for the UKs top ve CEOs in 2012
Angela Ahrendts Burberry Group Angus Russell Shire Graham Mackay SABMiller Paul Walsh Diageo Peter Sands Standard Chartered

16.9m 12.16m 9.72m 9.69m 9.36m

SOURCE: THE MANIFEST-MM&K TOTAL REMUNERATION SURVEY 2013

She said there is still a 15% pay gap between men and women on full-time hours, and an even bigger gulf in part-time roles which are mostly lled by women. Business secretary Vince Cable, who has repeatedly demanded that companies appoint more women to their boards, said: The argument for women in our boardrooms is clear they bring fresh perspectives, ideas and talent as well as broader experience which leads to better decisionmaking. This is not just about equality at the top of our companies. It is about good business sense. Kate Green, the shadow equalities minister, welcomed the news that a woman had out-earned men but said: The gap between top paid women and top paid men is far less concerning than at the bottom end. Women are far more likely to be in minimum wage jobs with poor prospects. There needs to be real priority to address gender right across the workplace not just in the boardroom. Ahrendts collected such a large amount of money last year because she sold 11.9m of shares awarded under bonus plans from previous years. Her salary for the 2011-12 nancial year was 990,000, on top of which she collected a 2m bonus. The company also

paid 255,000 into her pension along with a further a cash allowance of 387,000, which includes a clothing allowance on top of her sta discount and money for her relocation to the UK from the US in 2006. The company said Ahrendts has delivered record revenue and profit and gave 4bn of value to shareholders through dividends and a 186% increase in share price over ve years. Burberry will reveal Ahrendts pay for the 2012-13 nancial year within the next two weeks. The Manifest/ MM&K pay survey showed that the average pay packet for FTSE 100 chief executives rose by 10% to 4.25m at a time when most workers pay has failed to rise at more than the rate of ination. The average value of sharebased, long-term performance payouts to Britains top bosses leapt by 40%.

Crisis is over, says Hollande

Rupert Neate and agencies
Franois Hollande, the French president, has declared an end to the eurozone debt crisis, despite record unemployment across the continent. You must understand the crisis in the eurozone is over, Hollande told an audience in Japan during a three-day state visit. Europe has become more stable, but it must now be oriented toward growth, he said. I believe the crisis, far from weakening the eurozone, will strengthen it. Now, we have all the instruments of stability and solidarity. There was an improvement in the economic governance of the eurozone, we set up a banking union, we have rules on budgetary matters that allow us to be better coordinated and have a form of convergence. Hollandes comments come a week after thousands took to the streets of European cities to vent their anger at the International Monetary Fund, the European commission and European Central Bank whose insistence on austerity is blamed for worsening their hardship. Eurozone unemployment is at a record high of 19.38 million.

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The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

Financial

Analysis The G8 does its bit but a bit more would do a lot
countries take part and, once the heads of the international organisations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the European commission turn up, there can be 30 leaders round the table far too many for eective discussion. Whats more, only once has the G20 shown any unity of purpose and that was in late 2008 and early 2009 when fears of a second Great Depression overrode national self-interest. Since then, the G20 has been directionless, with countries agreeing to disagree on matters such as decit reduction. International summits work best when there is a problem to be solved, when one country decides to show leadership and when decisions are followed up with action. The US-dominated Bretton Woods conference that led to the creation of the IMF and the World Bank is a case in point. But the international system is in ux, as it was in the rst half of the 20th century. The stability of the cold war has been replaced by a world in which the developing countries want greater political power to match their growing economic strength. Countries such as China and India know what they do not want they do not want western powers telling them what to do but have yet to decide what they do want. As a result, the G20 has become a giant talking shop. The shortcomings of the G20 have given the G8 a chance to reinvent itself as the body that specialises in international development. Without the involvement of China, the G8 cannot hope to come to meaningful agreements on exchange rates. Without the presence and agreement of China, India and Brazil, it cannot cut a deal that would conclude the stalled Doha trade talks. But because G8 countries provide the bulk of global aid they remain big players in international development. Hence the summits have become the moment when the west does its bit for the poor. The debt-relief campaign came of age at the Cologne summit of 1999; the Gleneagles summit of 2005 pledged debt relief, a doubling of aid and a trade deal. It became the benchmark for subsequent summits, and this year Cameron is looking for progress in three areas: increasing trade, greater corporate transparency and action against tax havens. So what can we learn from the intervening years? Firstly, that G8 has made a dierence, particularly in the area of health. There have been hefty falls in child and maternal mortality, and this, despite what the sceptics say, is linked to the money provided by donors. Aid has saved lives. Secondly, the G8 record is patchier than suggested by the glowing selfassessment report it published last week before the Lough Erne meeting. The G8 gave itself a pat on the back for keeping to past commitments, but a study by the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) suggests there is plenty of room for improvement. Education, for example, has had a lower priority than health, and the extremely modest commitments made by the G8 have not been met. The ODI notes there have been exaggerated claims, a lack of ambition, and a failure to tackle problems in areas such as trade, agricultural subsidies and climate change where G8 interests are at stake. Kevin Watkins, the ODIs director, said: The G8 has acted like a student who ends the term by giving themselves inated marks. They have self-declared an A for eort and achievement. Our evaluation suggests that a B would be more appropriate, along with a reminder that the student needs to work harder and show more application if they are to realize their potential. Thirdly, context matters, and the objective conditions for this years summit are good. Weak global growth means the G8 should be biddable when Cameron extols the benets of a trade deal. Western governments are being bled dry by the oshore activities of multinational corporations, which should make it easy to get consensus on cracking down on tax havens. If ever there was a time to make the mining corporations come clean about their activities in Africa, this is it. That the prime minister will be able to hail a summit success is not in doubt. The rules of the G8 club ensure every leader can claim a major breakthrough on something, and he has had an easy ride from most of the UK NGOs. He has enjoyed a mini triumph with the weekend deal to double the aid directed at tackling malnutrition, and some campaigners believe there is a genuine chance of something big emerging from next weekends transparency summit. But genuine success would require more. On hunger, it would require recognition that handing responsibility to tackle malnutrition to a global alliance of agri-businesses is more about lling corporate coers than empty bellies. It would require a trade deal that paid more than lip service to the interests of developing countries that means tackling subsidies to US cotton farmers and scaling down the common agricultural policy. And it would involve a deal on tax havens that forced them to reveal which individuals, companies and trusts benet from accounts. If lasting achievement does elude Cameron it will be for three reasons: vested interests have proved too strong; the pressure exerted from civil society has proved too weak; and he left it too late to cajole and persuade his fellow leaders. Reports suggest he is fully engaged but successful G8 summits need years, not weeks, of hard graft. Few leaders are prepared to put in the eort required, which is why most are forgettable aairs that deliver little.

There needs to be more than just aid on the agenda trade, tax and subsidies are crucial issues for the poor, writes Larry Elliott

ast year it was Barack Obamas turn; next year it will be Vladimir Putins. But this year it is David Camerons responsibility to corral the leaders of the G8 nations for their annual family photo when they meet at Lough Erne in Northern Ireland. There is something curiously dated about the G8. Its membership includes Italy but not India; Canada but not China. It is as if delegates from Austria and Turkey were invited to peace conferences between the rst and second world wars but not representatives from the US and the Soviet Union. But the G8 will not be scrapped. International bodies, once created, are incredibly dicult to kill o, even when they have outlived their usefulness. It was hoped that the G20 which does include the bigger developing countries would become a more eective vehicle for global governance, leaving the G8 as a largely ceremonial occasion for a handful of western leaders to gather each year for a chinwag and a photo opportunity. In reality, the G20 has proved a big disappointment. More than 20

Tackling US cotton farm subsidies would help developing countries

The G has acted like a student who ends the term by giving themselves inated marks. The student needs to show more application

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

Reviews Reviews

More reviews online Ian Gittins on Zebra Katz at XOYO, London guardian.co.uk/music

23

Swedish vampires come to life in a chilling tale of adolescence and love

Theatre
Let the Right One In Dundee Rep
Buttery or moth? Swan or duck? Angel or vampire? The teenagers at the chilling heart of John Ajvide Lindqvists novel and its two lm adaptations could go either way. They are at that formative point in adolescence, before their rst kiss, when they are ripe with potential and burdened with uncertainty. The mysterious Eli, both youthful and ageless, is magnetically attractive yet neither male nor female. The mesmerised Oskar, eager to be moulded, thinks he would accept this erotic creature whatever its gender. It is this sensual, innocent, exploratory relationship that denes John Tianys beguiling stage adaptation, his swansong as associate director of the National Theatre of Scotland and a characteristically polished and poetic piece of work. Scripted by Jack Thorne and choreographed by Steven Hoggett, it replicates the shallowfocus Scandinavian atmosphere of Tomas Alfredsons 2008 movie, right down to the snowdrifts, climbing frame and Rubiks cube-era details, while giving stronger denition to the central love story. On a forested set illuminated by icy blue light and the cool sodium glow of a streetlamp, a passerby asks an old man if he wants something. The time, says the man before slashing the strangers neck and draining him of his blood. Time, of course, is the thing this man has least of. Like Oskar, he is besotted with Eli, but he has grown older while this vampire child has remained eternally young, sustained on the blood he brings home. Word spreads in the backwoods community that a serial killer is at large. Defences are up, but for the bullied and lonely Oskar, Elis arrival oers not a threat, but the hope of new life. How long before he ends up like the sad old man? Sustaining the storys twisted erotic charge, Martin Quinn and Rebecca Benson give superb performances in the central roles. Quinn has all the awkward physicality of adolescence; half-boy, half-man and not quite either, his every sentence is a tentative experiment to nd the right thing to say. Benson brings an eerie detachment and a taut muscularity, a creature trying earnestly to be human but remaining at one remove. It should be funny that she is wearing a T-shirt emblazoned with blood-and-gore rock band Kiss, but you sense the irony would be lost on her. She will always be curious, always strange, always other. The production makes light work of the originals seemingly unstagable aspects, as Hoggetts Black Watch-style choreography stylises the violence, building to the supernatural force of Elis nal massacre, accompanied by a literally breathtaking underwater swimming-pool sequence. Mark Fisher Until 29 June. Box oce: 01382 223530.

Classical
Aldeburgh festival Blythburgh Church/ Snape Maltings, Suolk
The vast span of Benjamin Brittens musical heritage is reected year in, year out by Aldeburgh Music, but the festival is, of course, the crux of the centenary celebrations. Originally a modest aair for a few friends, those friends now number tens of thousands. While the opera Peter Grimes featured large in the opening weekend and will be taken out on to Aldeburgh beach next week, the strength of the fortnight is in being so much more than just a BrittenFest. Settings by Jonathan Harvey of John Taylors poem The Angels and Edwin Muirs The Annunciation were heard in the ancient church at Blythburgh, where the roofs carved angels gave an added resonance to Harveys extraordinary emulation of uttering wings. And the Latvian radio choirs singing was even more startling in Marahi and The Summers Clouds Awakening. In these, Harveys visionary embracing of Christian and Buddhist ideals moves from ethereal to earthly and back, the sense of timeless yet living energy somehow heightened by the choirs uncannily good imitations of the whole ark of animals required by the score. To add to the Britten legacy, six pieces have been jointly commissioned by the Britten-Pears Foundation and the Royal Philharmonic Society, of which Judith Weirs I Give You the End of a Golden String was the rst. Blakes quotation oered an apt title for the strings of the Britten Sinfonia in their Snape Maltings concert. Weirs complex weavings of her initial thematic thread balanced the works dancing, sometimes wistful, lilt. Its focus on solo violas, cello and violins in turn also made it a good companion to Tippetts Fantasia Concertante on a theme of Corelli. Ryan Wigglesworths incisive conducting was a notable feature of the whole evening, but its high point was Brittens own Les Illuminations. Soprano Sophie Bevan brought ravishing vocal colours and a strong interpretive sensibility to the cycle, with both nonchalance and perceptiveness in equal measure. Rian Evans At various venues until 23 June and on Radio 3.

Pop
The Stone Roses Finsbury Park, London
Its telling that both of the current movies devoted to the Stone Roses Shane Meadowss documentary Made of Stone and coming-of-age drama Spike Island are more about the fans than the band. Despite their slim output and ignominious, slow-motion, mid-90s demise, the Stone Roses have a generational resonance like no other. The fans streaming into Finsbury Park look like pilgrims coming to participate in a communal rite. Reunions always have a certain poignancy, especially when its a band whose 1989 debut album soared with the arrogance of youth: The past is yours but the futures mine. Dozens of bands imitated the Roses then but hardly anyone does now, which makes their weaker songs sound archaic. You can see why mediocre B-side Going Down hasnt been played since 1990, especially when its illustrated by primitively psychedelic visuals. At rst, a teenager coming to the band cold might wonder what the fuss was about, but Fools Golds slithery krautrock funk ignites the set, demonstrating just how bold and dextrous they can be. Their best songs really do feel like generational touchstones. Love Spreads is thrillingly heavy, while This Is the Ones seize-the-day sentiment is an emotional peak. Throughout, of course, you monitor Browns notoriously unreliable voice like a nervous stockbroker tracks the FTSE. Its prone to plunging to depths of almost avantgarde atonality, most painfully on Dont Stop, which should be renamed Please Stop on this showing. Yet most songs are elevated and magnied by the fans massed accompaniment. During a euphoric She Bangs the Drums, they bear the struggling Brown aloft like a wounded comrade. Their warmth puts most outdoor mega-gigs to shame and clearly this goodwill is not taken for granted. There is a lovely moment during the ecstatic nal stretch of I Am the Resurrection when Brown climbs down to greet the front row. Before ascending again, he briey stands with his arms resting on the stage, looking up at the musicians in wonder, like a rapt fan of his own band. Dorian Lynskey

Beguiling Martin Quinn and Rebecca Benson in Let the Right One In Photograph: Manuel Harlan which has disappointed them at every turn. So when Alices cousin Kurt is appointed quarantine ocer on the island, he becomes collateral damage in the war between Alice and Edgar. Is it possible to enjoy watching Strindbergs 1900 drama, the precursor to dozens of neurotic late 20th- and 21st-century plays about mutual love and loathing and marital alliances most notably Albees Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Its mordant, dark humour certainly gives it a horrible gleeful fascination, and in this new version Howard Brenton softens the blow by combining the rst part with the second more rarely performed section into a single play. Edgar and Alice have a corrosive eect on all around them, but perhaps their terrible legacy where even children become pawns in the war is not entirely inescapable for the next generation. Nonetheless, its a bit like watching botched surgery live on stage: pretty appalling, but hard to drag your eyes away from it. And in fact Tom Littlers production would benet from being even more savage the design of the tower is a little too muted and tasteful, and the acting is sometimes allowed to wander towards the declamatory. Michael Pennington and Linda Marlowe as Edgar and Alice capture all the elegantly vicious parries and thrusts of this battle to oblivion, but not quite the empty desolation of two people who are always together, and always utterly alone. Lyn Gardner To July 6. Box oce: 020 7229 0706.

Theatre
Dances of Death Gate, London
Edgar, an army captain, and former actress Alice reside alone in a fortied tower on an island. They have been married for almost 30 years and are imprisoned in a relationship held together by hate more than love which. The only thing they loathe more than each other is the rest of the world,

Tristan &
Yseult
A classic from the vaults as Kneehigh return with a kneetrembling take on the he famous love story. West Yorkshire re Playhouse (0113-213 7700), Friday to 22 June, then touring.

Opening this week

Cowards comedy in which the En English upper Hollywood sensibility. classes are exposed to a Hollywoo Royal, Bath Trevor Nunn directs. Theatre Roy (01225 448844), Wednesday to 29 June.

Perfect
Nonsense
Matthew Macfadyen plays the unappable Jeeves and Stephen Mangan is the incompetent Wooster in a stage version of PG Wodehouses The Code of the Woosters. Sean Foley directs. Duke of Yorks London WC2 (0844 8713051), from 30 October.

Spring Loaded
Promising revelations in a programme pr of new dance, with Fearghus Conchir in a solo piece plus a triple bill inc including works by Jonathan Goddard & Gem Gemma Nixon. The Place: Robin Howard Dance Dan Theatre, WC1 (020-7121 1100) Friday. Frida

Book now

Cripple of Inishmaan nishmaan

Daniel Radclie plays ays Billy, a young crippled boy desperate rate to be in a lm being made on a nearby earby island, in Martin McDonaghs wonderful erful play of isolated Irish life. Michael Grandage directs. Noel Coward, London don WC2 (0844 482 5141), tonight to 31 August.

Bruce Springsteen
Mammoth 10-date journey around a the sports stadiums of Britain begins. Tour Wembley Stadium. begins Saturday, Wemb

BalletBoyz
William Trevitt and Michael Nunn celebrate the move to their new Kingston home with a showcase of highlights. Choreographers include Russell Maliphant, Liam Scarlett and Christopher Wheeldon with performances by Nunn and Trevitt themselves. Rose theatre, Kingston upon Thames (0844 482 1556), 22 June.

Last chance to t see: Isle Of Wight Festival

Theres a denite something-forsom Festival with the-dads skew to IoW F Weller, Happy Stone Roses, Paul Welle Blondie, jostling Mondays, Bon Jovi and B for attention. Thursday to Monday Newport Seaclose Park. Park

Relative Values alues

Patricia Hodge, Caroline roline Quentin and Rory Bremner star in Noel New home BalletBoyz alletBoyz

Wilderness
Its emphasis is supposed to be on the arts, rather than just music, but the pop line-up is still intriguing: Empire Of The Sun, Ghostpoet, Martha Wainwright, The Bees, Rodriguez. From 8 to 11 August, Oxfordshire Cornbury Park.

24

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

Comment

Debate

The class of Libby Page on graduating into todays tough jobs market Page

Tanya Gold Women whose response to their pregnancy is more complex than the sanctioned gratitude are treated with suspicion

wont I am silenced by the tyranny This end hunger of impending motherhood

uilt hangs over this column like a cloud. I am cutting gags about the Alien movies, even though they best describe my feelings. I dreamed that a baby burst out of my abdomen last night, an image utterly remote from most luscious baby marketing. I know I should be grateful, because I am going to have a child at 39, a fate I thought would elude me, because I read the Daily Mail, where I am informed my fertility halves every day after the age of 30, or similar; as Bette Davis sang, theyre either too young or too old. I feel readers are poised to judge and say if I am not willing to be mono-grateful, why spawn at all? I am grateful that my body will split in half in late summer, and I will probably live through it, being a resident of the auent west, but the gratitude is ambivalent. And, as the child grows, I meet other pregnant women and learn that we are not all living in a Barbie Gets Up the Du Dream Palace of Fecund Ecstasy; some of us are depressed, resentful, afraid. But we are, on the whole, silent, in the shadow of the tyranny of impending motherhood. And why not? Women are skilled at segueing into stereotypes that are soothing for other people, and maddening for themselves the blissful wife, the ever-aroused lover, the good mother. Who wants a complaining, or bitter, or terried, or partial mother? Search the tabloids for details of mothers who fail, and hurt or abandon their children; fathers who fail are no less culpable, but more numerous and indulged. Last week Kate Winslet announced she was pregnant with her third child by her third husband. This is considered bad motherhood by bad journalists. The spiteful phrase 3X3 was used. This nonsense is ancient and tenacious. Its poster girl is Mary, mother of God, and she was a woman so entirely possessed by motherhood, she didnt even have sex to achieve it. She was impregnated by the holy spirit (1X1, I think) or, if you are not a Christian, by the holy patriarchy, and she is serene, lovely and hopelessly over-sold. She is the virgin heroine we are judged by as we moan and swell like lowing beasts; of actual, screaming childbirth she tells us nothing. She is motherhood shorn of lust and blood. She is spin. There is a weird universality to impending motherhood, a sense of shared ownership, and of living inside a fertility ritual that quickly ceases to be anything to do with you. You are a

Nick Dearden

second-grade version of Roman Polanskis Rosemary; a vessel, approved of but ignored, possessed, in fact, by a possible future. Strangers grab you, and hug you, and even touch your belly; they are almost always women. One man, a Daily Mail executive, asked me if I was married, and only then congratulated me. I laughed at him; he was like a pastiche. Their happiness is irrational and interesting, because it is twin to the fury some express, so personally, towards abortion that they loiter outside family planning clinics with rosaries, believing that the aborting mother is depriving the world of something that comforts it, even if they will never know it; a prayer, in fact. (There are so many ways for women to feel owned.) This wall of idiocy is impregnable, and savage. Who can complain of physical fear, of the nightmare of a baby eating its way out of your abdomen, of the loss of professional autonomy, staring at a strangers idiotic grin? Pregnancy has made me more pro-choice, not less; an unwanted pregnancy, I now know for certain, is too much to ask, here or anywhere. I suspect it is manageable if you are happy. But what if you are not? At three months pregnant, I developed depression. I cried all day and I sincerely believed it would be better if the baby had another mother. I recovered, but I wished that people would stop

congratulating me. I resented them for it, and myself for the resentment; the guilt spiralled. How many women with post-natal depression would recover quicker, if they felt less guilt, and could voice ambivalence? The problem is, the fantasy has leaked into midwifery. Womens rational anxieties are brushed aside, while expectations of us are irrational. Last week we were warned about paint, new furniture, and even non-stick pans, as if a pregnant woman can detach herself entirely from reality, and live in an unpolluted tableaux that looks like Tolkiens Shire. We are criticised for wanting pain relief, or caesarian sections, or even to bottle feed, because that makes it easier to sleep and conserve our jobs and future independence; medicine, it seems, is not for the expectant mother. A friend who went to National Childbirth Trust classes was told only to breathe and imagine a beach and all would be ne; in fact, she was denied pain relief and access to her partner, and gave birth in pain and fear. This is what happens when you idealise motherhood; the reality, when it comes in contractions, chokes you. This is the martyrdom of an entire sex and it is foolish and childlike, made by babes. Twitter: @TanyaGold1

We must remind the G that the market doesnt know best when it comes to tackling food poverty
avid Camerons attempt to detoxify the Conservative party has rested on a set of policies that include supporting gay marriage, encouraging women into public oce and increasing international aid. In many ways the last of these has been most successful and the government has drawn few attacks from the opposition for its development policy, as it has increased the aid budget even while making harsh cuts elsewhere. This week Cameron attempts to gild his image on the global stage when he chairs the G8 summit. A centrepiece was the hunger summit, at the weekend, at which politicians from around the world came to plan the eradication of hunger. Nobody can deny the ambition of that goal. But that does not mean we should applaud any policies that claim to be able to reach it. The policies that the hunger summit endorsed will not eradicate hunger and they might well make it worse. They are based on the same principle that guides all of the governments development thinking namely the idea that the market knows best. Thats why African farmers movements rejected a major component of the hunger summit the New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition. This alliance was launched at the last G8 and promises to increase investment in agriculture through partnerships with food giants such as Monsanto, Syngenta, Cargill and Unilever. On Saturday, as the New Alliance added three African countries to the current six, anti-poverty groups including Jubilee Debt Campaign, Friends of the Earth and War on Want, demanded that the British government withhold the 395m of aid that it has pledged. Africas farmers labelled it a new wave of colonialism because countries taking part in new alliance pilots are told, for instance, to make it easier for foreign corporations to buy up agricultural land and end trade protection. This route to eradicating global hunger was tried and failed many times in the heyday of the British empire. It cost millions of lives on the Indian subcontinent in the 19th and 20th centuries, as support and protection for ordinary farmers was ended and food distribution was dictated by the market. Food was exported and stockpiled to attain higher prices, even while local populations starved to death. Hunger is no more a result of food shortage today than it was then. The market knows best policies have not delivered food to the hungry. Real solutions are out there. A UN process (through the committee on world food security) is working to develop a set of principles to challenge the control of food systems. Massive grassroots networks, such as La Via Campesina, are working for food sovereignty: the right to have not just access to food, but control of the food system. The concentration of power in the hands of corporations, especially nancial business, is at the core of global injustices such as the deprivation of food. Yet across the board, the British government sees these behemoths as the solution to injustice. Large numbers of the British public have marched and campaigned for a fairer distribution of power and wealth in the world. It is an insult if the very tools that they have defended such as the development department and its budget are used in a way that makes the world less fair. G8 summits have traditionally seen campaigners get on the streets to question who holds the reins of global power. Why is it that eight countries have such a say over the lives of 7 billion people? Rather than giving Cameron a golden moment, we must use the G8 to reclaim the development agenda as a broad-based call for social justice. Nick Dearden is director of the Jubilee Debt Campaign

Womens rational anxieties about birth are brushed aside, whilst expectations of us are irrational

Why the west needs Turkey

Safak Pavey If we fail to reconcile secularism, Islam and democracy there will be global consequences

ecularism: what does it mean to the people of Turkey? Is it simply a question of whether we can buy alcohol when we please, or whether the cabin crew of Turkish airlines are allowed to wear red lipstick? It cannot simply be these eye-catching issues, beloved of the media, that have brought people out on to the streets in their tens of thousands. Let me draw a dierent picture of the current challenges to secularism in Turkey, as protesters continue to express their frustration with a government that seems to be dened by inexible religiosity. Education, for one thing, is in peril. Turkeys ruling Justice and Development (AK) party has given the lions share of the budget to mosques and religious schools, cutting schools that provide secular education adrift. There are 67,000 schools and 85,000 mosques. Over the past few months, in Istanbul alone, 98 primary schools have been converted into state-run religious Imam Hatip schools. Soon, only children of the well-to-do will be able to receive a secular education. Freedom of speech is also threatened. It is well known that Turkey has more imprisoned journalists than any other country, but as a result of the chilling eect of these prosecutions on the press, many stories never make the news. The government has embarked on a process of reshaping Turkey. In our country today, politics and many other aspects of social and economic life are increasingly dierentiated on the basis of how pious people are. It takes great courage to eat in public during the month of Ramadan fasting. Religion

classes in schools teach the protocols of worship instead of religious philosophy. Those, such as the Alevis, who do not embrace the Sunni tradition, are considered adversaries by the government. While the impeccable legal status that was previously accorded to women has not been challenged, profound transformations in womens social status have taken place, and the prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, urges them to stay at home and have more children. Corruption is rampant. The government now employs public sector workers according to their religious knowledge, rather than their scores in the civil service examinations. By securing privileged positions for their adherents in education and the bureaucracy, the government has dealt a serious blow to the already fragile democratic tradition in our country. The same Turkey that today nds itself in this position was considered a beacon after its establishment in 1923, an important laboratory where a modern and secular government was reconciled with a Muslim society, however delicate that synthesis might have been. It was widely believed that Turkeys transformation set a model for the rest of the Islamic world. The hope was that the reforms of the new republic would be carried over to future generations. I certainly do not support excluding faith from public life. But political Islam in our country does not content itself with the role of moral guide. Rather it aspires to mould everyone to the same imagined pious Sunni national character by wrapping society in restrictive rules, ostensibly for the publics own welfare, and then policing citizens and punishing those who disagree.

What is worse is that our rising apprehension about the direction our government is taking nds no audience among those in the west who would never tolerate such politics and restrictions in their own countries. The discourse of the west and the attitudes of its leaders are important because they inuence public debate in Turkey. However, the west, understandably obsessed by its own security concerns and strategies, looks the other way at the Turkish governments abuses. As a member of the opposition, what I want is not for the west to intervene in our internal aairs, but for it to stop shielding a government with such little regard for the values of freedom. Who else will be able to reconcile Islam, secularism and democracy once Turkey fails? What are the global consequences of this failure? I urge those in the west who believe that Turkey and the globe benet from a democracy whose fabric is interwoven with religion to look again at what that fabric looks like today our societys rights shredded in the name of yet another intolerant majority. Bear in mind how valuable a secular Turkey is for the world. Do not forfeit the last secularists in the Middle East to the purge that is taking place in the name of democracy, as if a lower level of rights is somehow good enough for our region, when you would never accept such restrictions in yours just as France used to stamp the university diplomas earned by its Arab colonial subjects Bon pour lorient (good enough for the Orient). Safak Pavey is a Turkish MP, representing Istanbul province for the CHP party

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013 Follow us on Twitter @commentisfree Join us on Facebook facebook.com/guardiancomment

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Comment editor: Becky Gardiner Telephone: 020 3353 4995 Fax: 020 3353 3193 Email: cif.editors@guardian.co.uk

25

An end to brutality
Phil Shiner The ruling on Iraqi deaths in British custody oers a new approach to troops behaviour abroad

B
The bedroom tax has made huge problems even worse
hen I met the Holden family back in January, they were worried scared, even about the looming arrival of the bedroom tax. They live in Hartlepool. Stuart, 36, and his wife Lorna, 33, have four kids: Faith, Noah, Elijah, and four-year-old Sam, whos autistic. In the ve-bedroom home they rent from a local housing association, one room is given over to Sam, so he can use it as a sensory space: somewhere to calm down and readjust, which is therefore an essential part of his everyday life. Unfortunately, as they half-expected, this crucial detail has so far been steamrollered by Whitehall diktat, and the Holdens have been judged to be underoccupying by two bedrooms. As a result, their 114-a-week housing benet has been suddenly cut by 28. The Holdens are currently behind on their rent, but have come to an arrangement with their housing association. They have appealed to their local council and cited Sams needs, but so far heard nothing back. Meanwhile, though Stuart has a job in nearby Darlington, life has become even more dicult, and their 80-a-week food budget has taken yet another hit. I buy a lot of reducedto-clear stu now, says Lorna. And rather than doing one big weekly shop, Im having to look for bargains. Their street, they say, now seems be noticeably less populated. Lots of people have moved out since this benet came into eect, she says. Of late, coverage of what the government is up to has tended to concentrate on the kind of things that get Westminster in a lather: David Camerons travails over the EU, the Tories increasingly semi-detached relationship with the Liberal Democrats. However, in large swaths of the real world, the big story is still the governments crazed drive on so-called welfare reform, and the chaos that is being sown as a result. As was proved by the outrage that erupted just before its imposition, the bedroom tax is probably the single most glaring example. But the media tends to go a bundle on a story and then decide it has had enough and in this case, the result has been a torrent of coverage in

John Harris Housing benet changes are a mess, ramping up arrears and emptying out streets. But what would Labour do dierently?

In large swaths of the real world, the big story is still the governments crazed drive on so-called welfare reform

advance of the measure, and not nearly enough stu about what is now actually happening. The answer is straightforward enough: everything that was predicted, and more. Remember: the avowed aim of the policy whereby housing benet is docked by 14% a week for one spare room, and 25% for two or more was to somehow push people out of underoccupied social housing, let in people from more cramped homes and thus pull o some miraculous national readjustment. But as anger mounted, even the Department for Work and Pensions seemed to accept that this was a vain hope. Most people will not move, said a less-than-explanatory statement from the DWP that arrived in my inbox. And so it has proved, because the obstacles are as immovable as scores of people said. One- and two-bed ats in particular are impossible to come by and, in any case, people are understandably reluctant to leave behind the networks of family and friends. So, they are staying put, and suering as proved by a slow trickle of human stories, which have already included one suicide. Councils and housing associations forecast huge increases in rent arrears, and the nancial problems that would create, which is exactly what has come to pass. In Leeds, the city council has announced that it will reclassify rooms in 837 houses and attempt to avoid the worst but 7,000 households have been hit, and 2,800 of them are now behind on their payments, so the council is already facing total arrears of 138,000. By the end of the nancial year, those losses look set to easily top 1m, which will have profound consequences for the money that can be spent on maintenance and repairs and, over time, the building of any new homes. In Moss Side in Manchester, the Mosscare Housing Association reckons that 41% of its aected tenants are in arrears; in East Ayrshire, the council puts the gure at 75%. Moreover, the eects of the bedroom tax on some places are almost comically perverse. As the Holden familys experience suggests, in some neighbourhoods, houses and streets are emptying out: the result is not a reduction in under-occupancy, but no occupancy at all. Evidence recently released by the community network Locality and the

Joseph Rowntree foundation certainly says as much. It quotes a woman from the Norris Green area of Liverpool, who says: The social landlords would lease the houses to individual people on the basis that it was better to have the houses occupied than to have them empty I walked just from my house to the bus stop and counted 11 houses tinned up because the social landlords cant lease them, because of the underoccupancy. Tinning up is Liverpudlian slang for putting up metal screens on houses that have become empty. The woman goes on: Its madness. How can you say youre saving money when youre destroying a community?

or housing associations in particular, all this sits in the middle of a mounting nightmare. Grants for the building of social housing have been slashed. Worse still, October sees the arrival of the grandest folly of all by the work and pensions secretary, Iain Duncan Smith: universal credit. Under the scheme, most working-age benets will be folded into a single payment, and the portion that covers housing benet will be paid directly to tenants, as opposed to councils and housing associations. As the governments own pilot schemes have suggested, arrears are predicted to skyrocket once again. So, the governments benets policy is in a mess. Its housing policy is a asco, and it is making huge problems even worse. And one big question sits under this. In the event that 2015 sees a change of government, will this be at least one of the cuts that Labour might repeal? On Friday, I spoke to someone high up in the party who I was told would know the answer. The government should drop the bedroom tax now, he told me. But as with everything else, were not making spending commitments before 2015. On one level, thats a matter of inevitable realpolitik. But in Hartlepool, Redcar, Leeds, Manchester and beyond, it will doubtless look like yet another example of the coldness of modern politics all despair, and no hope. john.harris@guardian.co.uk

aha Mousa was tortured to death in September 2003 while in the custody of the British armed forces in Iraq. The subsequent inquiry led to a report, published in September 2011, that leaves no doubt about the scale of the systemic issues concerning the training and conduct of British armed forces personnel and the brutal illegality of the UKs current approach to the detention and interrogation of suspected insurgents. Baha lasted 36 hours. Others who died in the custody of British forces in Iraq, such as Taniq Mahmud and Mossa Ali, did not last that long. The list of unlawful killings is endless. And there are hundreds of Iraqis cases before British courts in which allegations are made of egregious acts of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. These terrible acts have occupied the attention of the courts for the last decade. A high court judgment in late May gives the UK a golden opportunity to make reparation and lead the world in imposing the rule of law wherever its state agents act abroad. This judgment involves more than 1,000 Iraqi cases of unlawful killings and acts of torture. It establishes that whenever UK personnel abroad have authority and control over others and commit what might be acts of unlawful killing and torture there must be an inquisitorial process in public into each case. There must also be public scrutiny of the systemic issues arising from these cases. Take, for example, the case of Huda, an eight-year-old girl in a yellow dress playing with her friends one sunlit morning in Basra. A British rieman in a tank, apparently perceiving her to be a threat to force security, shot her dead without warning at close range. Before this new judgment, the Ministry of Defence successfully shut the door on any accountability. Under the new system, the commanding ocer would have to suspend the soldier and send in the military police to forensically examine the scene, interview witnesses and family, and send the results of a full investigation back to London to be examined independently and publicly. That process would be bound to lead to prosecution of the soldier for manslaughter. This is the lever for future reforms. Imagine the huge public embarrassment of hundreds of such public investigations. For a careerist commanding ocer, one of these cases on his watch is a disaster, more than one and he is going nowhere. The MoD response to date has been to attack individuals who speak up and to blame it all on a few bad apples. The arrogant, colonial perspective of senior MoD civil servants must be eliminated. What is required now is a rigorous programme of reforms. Here are a few suggestions for costneutral reforms: introduce a new tness-for-service test for all would-be soldiers (as with British police, soldiers must be able to pass a straightforward test on the relevant law); adopt the model of police reform produced by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act; equip military trainers to ensure that potential new recruits understand the law and dont let the side down; address the loss of moral compass so evident in the behaviour of British forces in Iraq and Afghanistan; rewrite the relevant rules of engagement for various conict situations so that the golden thread of legal compliance shapes all acts of force; bin the UKs interrogation policy, introduce a lawful one and train those responsible to use it correctly. We all need to face the brutality of the British postcolonial approach to insurgencies and alter the mindset that continues to permeate our behaviour abroad. If we do so we can lead the world in a modern and lawful approach to conicts abroad. Phil Shiner is a solicitor at Public Interest Lawyers. He has acted in all the cases referred to in this article

26

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

Founded Owned by the Scott Trust Number ,

Surveillance in the US and the UK

Spreading national insecurity

From the angry and menacing to the more relaxed and thoughtful, there have been a variety of reactions to the Guardians revelations about the extent and depth of the National Security Agencys data surveillance programme. A surprising range of voices from both right and left have voiced shock at the revelations not least Republican congressman Jim Sensenbrenner, who wrote for the Guardian: I authored the Patriot Act, and this is an abuse of that law. Collectively, the reactions have lacked coherence. At one and the same time Barack Obama and James Clapper, his director of national intelligence , condemned the hype in the media while arguing that the debate the leaks had inspired was healthy for democracy and a sign of maturity. Which is it? Are the leaks rushed and reckless, providing enemies with a playbook to avoid detection? Or is it now good to have a public debate leading to a more appropriate balance between the conicting interests of security and civil liberties than exists now, especially in the US? Congress has (some say) had full oversight over the secret programmes while others including in those charged with oversight insist that Congress has been kept profoundly in the dark about US government interpretations of the Patriot Act, introduced in the wake of 9/11. It will be a bad day when people dont trust Congress and the judiciary to make the judgment that they themselves are not allowed to make, Mr Obama suggested. But, except for the privileged few, most congressmen did not know and were aghast to learn that records were being kept of every call made in the US, or that the NSA had potential access to billions of emails, messages, internet chats and social network pages. Congress and the media were so clueless about the extent of the intrusion that they failed to heed the hint Senator Mark Udall, a member of the intelligence committee, dropped in 2011 when he warned that the intelligence community can target individuals who have no connection to terrorist organisations. Mr Obama and William Hague yesterday used the same argument: trust us to keep your secrets. The legal framework in both countries is stronger than it once was, and ministerial oversight is, in principle, strong too. It is impossible to know how many times ministerial or judicial oversight has been exercised to curb the intrusions of the security services, if they ever have, because that information, too, is secret. The argument about public trust therefore stands on shifting sands. How can a government appeal to the publics trust in legislative and judicial oversight, if that trust has been abused by the extent to which privacy has been invaded especially when public trust in the government is so fragile? There is, however, little inconsistency to be shown in Mr Obamas attitude to whistleblowers. They are to be hunted down and prosecuted with the full force of the law. When we say Mr Obama, there have been several incarnations of the man. In 2008, the presidential candidate said the following about whistleblowing: Acts of courage and patriotism, which can sometimes save lives and often save taxpayer dollars, should be encouraged rather than stied, as they have been during the Bush administration. As president, his administration has attacked more national security whistleblowers as criminals under the Espionage Act than all previous governments combined. The actions of whistleblowers may embarrass governments. But where legislatures and judges fail, whistleblowers keep open the only channel left for public accountability. They do so for no personal gain, and at considerable cost to their own freedom. They are public servants, because only the public stands to gain from their acts of conscience. What is needed in Britain are clear statements, under parliamentary questioning today, about GCHQs access to the material gained from the NSAs global intrusions. We have not yet had them.

IMF and Greece

Institutional Monstrous Failure

In a chapter of their new book, The Body Economic, academics David Stuckler and Sanjay Basu calculate the toll austerity has taken on the health of ordinary Greeks. Their assessment is sobering: an HIV epidemic; medics unable to aord gloves, gowns and wipes, and spiralling suicides. Last week the IMF admitted it had been too sanguine about the devastation austerity would wreak on Greece and that some of the measures forced on Athens in return for its emergency loans had been wrong. Put bluntly, the social crisis catalogued by Stuckler and Basu neednt have been so devastating, and fewer Greeks need have died. Looking at the rst of the three austerity packages the IMF and Europe imposed on Greece, the report admits that the troikas optimism over how the economy would react to austerity was disastrously wrong. It was forecast that Greeces annual income, its GDP, would by last year be down only 5.5% from its 2009 level; the reality was a drop of more than three times that. Unemployment in 2012 was anticipated to be 15% of the workforce; it turned out to be 25%. Amid epochal crisis, Greeks wouldnt have avoided economic and social dislocation but the policies thrust on them heightened the suffering. The troika underestimated the impact that cuts and tax rises would have on the economy; it failed to foresee the consequent collapse in business condence, and the further ruination of the loans extended by Greek banks. Early on in the crisis, this paper argued for a rapid writedown or even default on the debt owed by the Greek state coupled with measures to insulate European banks from the shockwaves that would immediately follow. Instead, Greece was lent money to keep repaying the interest on its loans to banks and hedge funds, even while its people starved. Now the Fund concedes that early debt-restructuring would have been best but says that it had been ruled out by the euro area by ocials and politicians who were not up to the job of crisis management. As this weekends game of blame tennis between the European commission and the Fund illustrates, the troika is as dysfunctional in 2013 as it was in 2010. Meanwhile, Greece is sticking to the austerity course, for which its reward is the sixth straight year of recession. It is time the troika learned some lessons from the Greek debacle. First, a clearer division of labour needs to be established between Europe and the Fund. Second, the IMF should publish evaluations of how the other euro debt crises were handled. Third, it is time the Fund devised a legitimate process for countries to declare bankruptcy. Finally, the euro group needs to reverse its austerity policy and encourage scal stimulus. The mess made of Greece must never be repeated.

In praise of skirts
When Arriva took over the running of a railway line north of Stockholm, one of the rst issues to be tackled was its dress code. Shorts were banned as an answer to hot weather. So a dozen drivers came up with a sartorially correct solution skirts. Many other cultures had the same idea long ago. If you want garments to reect the heat and allow air to circulate around the body, about the last thing you need are jeans, chinos or trousers. Shorts are casual wear and, with oversized pockets, logos, and loops, not things that ooze authority. But why stop at skirts? A variety of names are used for the same ankle-length robe with long sleeves throughout the Arabian Gulf and north Africa, where summer temperatures regularly top 40 degrees and above the thobe, dishdasha, kandura, khameez or suriyah. Further east, in India, it becomes the dhoti. In southeast asia, wraps such as the lungi or sarong are worn. Whatever its called, its cooler than trousers.

Comment is free In brief

Response

Wrong place at the wrong time?

Graduating these days is scary, but Ive learned you just have to take control

Libby Page
To the class of 2013: I promise I wont ask you that question. I have considered tattooing Dont Ask on to my forehead to avoid the inevitable: What are you going to do now youve graduated? It has been three weeks since I nished university. Unemployment is high, jobs are scarce and competition is erce; as this years graduates we have to be more exible than ever. Deciding what to do next seems like something of a luxury when our choices are bound by the reality of recession. When 16 years (or more) of education come to an end, it feels a bit like falling out of a spaceship. You oat around in zero gravity, wondering when your oxygen will run out and how to get back on course. The most important lesson I have learned is that education just doesnt prepare you for what comes next. Your degree might teach you the skills you need for a workplace or career eld, but it wont show you how to get there.

University students have a bad reputation. As graduation season sets in I am bracing myself for plenty of discussion about the relevance of university and the value of graduates. University isnt for everyone; in fact it might not even have been for me if it hadnt been the best advertised option and the route with the most maps. Last week the Telegraph reported that a rst-class degree could lead to about an extra 2000 a year in wages. It was also revealed that this years university application levels were well below expectations. Perhaps it is time to reassess university education and its role. But as someone who has gone through the system, the conicting messages can be overwhelming. I think the things that scare me and my friends most are the things about our careers that seem out of our control. In many industries jobs arent even advertised, and you get ahead instead by making connections and being in the right place at the right time. But what if you just arent well connected, and if you happen to be in the wrong place at the wrong time instead? Graduating in a recession is scary, but I am learning that the only way to progress is to try to take control. We may have been dealt a rough hand with the rocky jobscape we are setting out into, but there are plenty of worse hands to be dealt. There are also exciting parts to graduating in uncertain times. The number of business start-ups is on the rise and for many savvy graduates opportunities will be made, taken and demanded instead of given. Being young and free of commitments is as liberating as it is daunting. Libby Page is a journalism graduate

We have worked hard to reform this system

Nigel Farages analysis of the lobbying scandal is pure mischief-making, writes Michael Burrell
Nigel Farage is typically hyperbolic in his analysis of the relationships between lobbyists and policymakers, and as a result does our eorts to secure sensible legislative reform a disservice (This cosy trialogue, 4 June). His claim that Westminster has come on little since the Tory sleaze of the John Major years fails to recognise the huge strides lobbyists have made. He may not be aware that 70 lobbying agencies comply with a strict code of conduct governed by the Association of Professional Political Consultants , breaches of which are subject to a tough and independent arbitration process. Lobbyists who adhere to the code cannot, for example, hold parliamentary passes something which the Commons

Speaker is only now belatedly clamping down on. Farage goes on to lament the inability of the Westminster nexus to muck out the mess from its own stables. Lobbyists are an unavoidable part of this nexus and yet, as in almost all recent lobbying exposs, not a single lobbyist was implicated this week. The Ukip leader then asks whether our political system can ever be clear of closed-room deals where legislators take backhanders. He knows perfectly well the answer is probably not, but he casually dismisses one solution that would address some of these issues. He says: The only response from Westminster is to have a three-party trialogue on an ocial list of lobbyists. The ocial list to which he refers is a statutory lobbying register (no small undertaking) that would if drafted properly and given parliamentary time go a long way to increasing public condence. It would, for example, have prevented the conict of interest last year when a minister was exposed for wrongfully employing a practising lobbyist who also represented private sector clients. In fact, the three-party trialogue Farage sneers at is fundamental to the success of any bill: particularly because the government is minded to introduce a statutory register that excludes some lobbyists, which risks making a mockery of the entire enterprise. Genuine cross-

party talks are crucial to ditching this particular idea. The political and constitutional reform committee should also be involved. It said recently that a statutory register which includes only third-party lobbyists would do little to improve transparency about who is lobbying whom, as these meetings constitute only a small part of the lobbying industry. Farage says that under any such legislation it will be almost impossible to dene who is a lobbyist, and suggests that any private citizen or small group could be listed. On the contrary, organisations representing lobbyists have developed a robust denition that protects the relationship between MPs and their constituents, exempting those people who lobby MPs on their own behalf. Finally, Farages analysis that the essence of the problem is that the major political parties are in hock to the lobbies is pure mischief-making. He knows very well that the recent accusations levelled against parliamentarians are about individual politicians, not parties, accepting money for political inuence. This is a quite distinct problem from that of party funding and needs to be addressed separately. Michael Burrell is chair of the Association of Professional Political Consultants If you wish to respond, at greater length than a letter, to an article in which you have featured either directly or indirectly, email response@guardian.co.uk or write to Response, The Guardian, Kings Place, 90 York Way, London N1 9GU. We cannot guarantee to publish all responses, and we reserve the right to edit

Lobbyist organisations have a robust denition that protects the relationship between MPs and their constituents

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

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Letters and emails

telephone number. We may edit letters. Submission and publication of all letters is subject to our terms and conditions: see http://gu.com/letters-terms

Corrections and clarications

Boris Johnson was described in an article as the grandson of Ali Kemal Bey, a reformist Turkish politician and journalist who was stoned to death in 1918. Ali Kemal Bey was Johnsons greatgrandfather, not grandfather, and he died in 1922 (Churchill and Boris: can you tell them apart? 5 June, page 3, G2) A photograph that accompanied a feature about a 1968 strike by women workers at Fords Dagenham factory was captioned: Labours Lady Summerskill (left) chats to sewing machinists during their pay dispute. In fact Lady Summerskill had been cropped out of the photo we published (Women who took on Ford in equal pay ght, 7 June, page 22). The North Pacic Ocean lies o the coast of El Salvador, not the North Sea as we had it on a map (Huge drop in violence after truce between rival gangs, 16 May, page 31). Homophone corner: Its happened a couple of times in training when I hyperextend my back. Some facet joints send all the muscles in my lower back and lumber-spine into spasm (This Lions tour is my last big moment in rugby its about time I won one, 28 May, page 43). A full stop was omitted from an email address given for entries to a competition in last Saturdays Family section (Win a Lumie Bodyclock Active 250, 8 June, page 8). The correct address was given in small print in the terms and conditions: family.competition@guardian.co.uk Contacts for Guardian departments and sta can be found at gu.com/help/ contact-us. To contact the readers editors oce, which looks at queries about accuracy and standards, email reader@guardian.co.uk including article details and web link; write to The readers editor, Kings Place, 90 York Way, London N1 9GU; or phone +44 (0)20 3353 4736 between 10am and 1pm weekdays. The Guardians policy is to correct signicant errors as soon as possible.

Orwells fears refracted through the NSAs Prism

After wed fondly imagined that the free, open and accountable society was merely being gradually encroached on by military and commercial interests, the Guardian revelations in recent days about the actions of the US National Security Agency seem to have shocked us awake to nd that we are already living within a mature, widely embedded Orwellian nightmare (Pressure on government over secret intelligence gathering, 8 June). If GCHQ has used the Prism software to spy on us at the USs behest, lets not accept its weasel words about operating under a legal and policy framework whose laws, whose policies? but rather name it and deal with it for what it is: institutional treachery. Secondly, if internet companies are using the supply of their popular goods and services as a cover for spying on their customers, we should consider whether they should have a right to operate here. Thirdly, it should be a priority to investigate rigorously how far this mindset of US political paranoia has spread among UK national institutions there are rumours, for example, that at least one of our research councils has had its research programme on security directly inuenced by US security interests. Finally, the US must be challenged at a political level about the concept of extra-territoriality which supports all these deeply disturbing developments in the UK. Peter Healey London GCHQs obtaining US-gathered information about UK communications raises two key legal issues. First, GCHQ has sidestepped the procedures and safeguards laid down by the UK Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (Ripa). Ripa was enacted to ensure that clandestine state access to private communications would be in accordance with the law and so compliant with article 8 of the European convention on human rights. UK citizens data has eectively been subjected to a form of extraordinary rendition. That cannot possibly be lawful. The UK government must make clear that the practice will stop immediately and that illegally obtained data will be deleted. Second, EU data protection legislation is undergoing reform, with a draft regulation now under scrutiny in the parliament. The sheer enormity of the US authorities collection of foreign data, including data of EU users held by USbased cloud and communications providers, reveals just how little protection we get from the EUs current safe harbour approach to overseas data transfers. It also creates intolerable uncertainty for businesses operating comms and cloud services in the EU. The parliament and commission should urgently build into the new framework robust protection for the privacy of EU citizens data. Gordon Nardell QC London In the week that the Guardian revealed the global scale of US surveillance over private communications (We hack everyone everywhere. Its what we do every day, 8 June), economic and political leaders were meeting under the auspices of Bilderberg for private discussions from which the public are rigorously excluded (Tory MP criticises Cameron over Bilderberg meeting, 8 June). So national security requires government to know what the people are saying to one another, but the latter must respect the privacy of the former? It is the fact that political leaders are meeting with private business interests that makes this a serious matter of public interest. It beggars belief that Cameron, Osborne, Balls and co believe this claim to their privacy can be taken seriously. Mike Peters Leeds Some people in the world want to kill other people and some people dont. Im really not bothered if the government knows how often I visit the B&Q or John Lewis websites. What I am bothered about are people who want to put bombs on planes or by the sides of roads during a marathon. In this modern age of communication we all have a price to pay. Michael Burgess Tunbridge Wells, Kent My concern over data-trawling is with the possibility strong probability even of mission creep. President Obama says it is to protect America from terrorists, but how long before that (ill-dened) category widens to include people with dissident ideas and, eventually, ideas opposed to (or inconvenient for) whichever government is currently in power? In other words, how long to e-Watergate? Tim Gossling Cambridge Of all the comments on the USs huge covert surveillance operation, the most egregious comes from Senator Saxby Chambliss: This has been going on for seven years ... we have collected signicant information on bad guys, but only on bad guys. Eh? How on earth can he know? Do bad guys have a label that says bad guy? What utter nonsense! Richard Carter London I wonder how many countries that have suered from decades of US support for the dictatorial aims of such vile people as Pinochet in Chile and the Contras in Nicaragua to name but two would agree with Rand Paul (Our liberty is being taken, 8 June) when he says the American tradition has long been to err on the side of liberty. Tony Hills Morchard Bishop, Devon Protecting national security and protecting the status quo are not the same thing, but those in power may be unable to make the distinction. Khalil Martin Woking Does this explain the apparent immunity to tax of Apple, Amazon and co? Sue Atkins Lewes, East Sussex The answers obvious. Lets go back to writing letters and using the post. Ruth Grimsley Sheeld, South Yorkshire

UK citizens data has been subjected to a form of extraordinary rendition. That cant possibly be lawful
Gordon Nardell QC

Endless ovation for The Amorous Prawn

In the late 60s, at the Piccadilly theatre, Bea Lillie was appearing in The Amorous Prawn. Well into her 70s, as soon as she appeared on stage the applause began, and only ceased when other cast members wanted to be heard by the audience. But every time Bea uttered her lines, the applause started again. Needless to say, at the end of the performance, what had been a constant ovation became a long standing ovation, during and after innumerable curtain calls (Letters, 7 June). Chas Brewster Boston, Lincolnshire Recently returned from two months in Nicaragua, I was saddened to read your article on new things to do in Nicaragua (Packing it all in, Travel, 8 June) which suggested trips to cock ghts. Nicaragua has many more interesting cultural experiences to oer which are more typical of a peaceful and friendly country. Highlighting this cruel sport is disgraceful. Hazel Lowther Powfoot, Dumfries & Galloway Re pastures new (Letters, 8 June), has anyone seen a lawn being manicured? Keith Baker Pontefract, West Yorkshire Guardian correspondents have spotted a lot of thin veils recently: one on an attack by Sir David Nicholson (Departing NHS chief says coalition wasted two years, 7 June), one each on a plan and a fear on 4 June, another attack on 2 June and an excuse on 31 May. Could you spare someone to try the Simon Hoggart test and have a look for a thick veil or two? You havent reported one in ages. Oliver Fulton Lancaster

Plaques for women still far from equality

The Workers Education Association commemorated the 100th anniversary of Emily Wilding Davisons death with a day school in Chestereld (What would you ght for? 4 June). Emily was a volunteer with the WEA. We learned about her, her legacy and the issues of equality and democracy that remain. Katherine Connelly, co-ordinator of the Emily Wilding Davison Memorial Campaign, Chestereld MP Toby Perkins successor of Tony Benn, who put a plaque to Emily in the Commons and other ne speakers illustrated the value of adult education, which the government applauds but starves. Dr Graham Ullathorne Chestereld The blue plaque outside 18 Brookside, where Millicent Garrett Fawcett, the veteran leader of Britains constitutional suffragists, and her daughter, Philippa Fawcett, the rst woman to obtain the top score in the mathematical tripos, lived in Cambridge, reads: Henry Fawcett ... lived here with his wife and daughter, 1874-1884. The cause for which Emily Davison gave her life still has far to go. Professor Mary Joannou Cambridge John Sutherland, in his piece about Mary Ward (A liberal lost to history, 4 June), notes that there is no blue plaque to her in London, though the Mary Ward Centre does her justice. There is, however, a blue plaque on the house in Bradmore Road, Oxford, where she lived when she was rst married, and has been since 28 April 2012. It reads: Mary Arnold Ward (Mrs Humphry Ward), 18511920, Social reformer, novelist. Susanna Hoe Oxford

Country diary

Claxton, Norfolk
I remember a Derbyshire wag once quipping that May seldom comes before June in the Peak District. His joke hinged on an alternative name for hawthorn, the May tree. Little did I ever imagine that his pun would have meaning in Norfolk. Yet this year that totemic show of luminous blossom, which, in recent years, has begun here as early as April, has been shifted back a whole month by the coldest winter. My goodness, though, has it been worth the wait! It is one of the best displays I can recall. Theres one bush on the marsh so smothered in owers that I go back constantly to enjoy it. Most normal owering hawthorns have a quintessential freshness, with their milky blossoms and green foliage. In this bush, however, the leaves are almost completely enfolded in gently domed sprays of petals. It looks less like May than December, as if the whole shrub has been enveloped in a deluge of snow. In truth, hawthorn is never virginal white like snow. Every rosette has about 20 stamens, each tipped a glorious pale plum in peak condition, and these accumulate on the whole bush as tens of thousands of tiny points of darkness in the galaxy of cream. Hawthorn is ever so minutely sullied and rendered exquisitely impure by the processes of reproduction, which makes it a perfect metaphor for spring. That ambiguous note is mirrored nicely by the odour, which the writer Georey Grigson thought best enjoyed in small doses. In his own cornucopia of plant lore, Flora Britannica, Richard Mabey suggested that hawthorn smelled of sex. Yet I cannot detect that precise perfume. To me, it has a deep undertow of sweetness, like honey or like owering meadowsweet. But mingling with it is something darker, okey, perhaps like faint, raw rubber not malign, but denitely not innocent. Mark Cocker

Open door
stand? A yellowing cutting in a few libraries misrepresenting an issue can, on the whole, be ignored but to have online text expressing a skewed view that can be seen as a fresh opinion every time it is accessed is another matter. The day after Mark Bridger was jailed for life for the abduction and murder of April Jones, the Guardian published an editorial on 31 May 2013 headlined Never again. The thrust of the editorial was in the rst paragraph: Internet pornography is usually abusive and often violent. Mark Bridger, convicted yesterday of the murder of April Jones, had compiled a store of it. Pornography is easily and freely accessible, and at most requires only a credit card. The link between such material and violence, most commonly against women and children, is not quite beyond dispute occasional studies claim there is, as one headline had it, a sunny side to smut. But there is strong evidence that at the very least it is addictive, can normalise violence and at the same time diminishes sympathy for its victims. It is a kind of incitement to hate. It should be banned. But that is easier to say than to do. Unsurprisingly, the rst protests appeared on Twitter. Glyn Moody tweeted: Internet pornography: never again sad to see this ignorant, kneejerk reaction from @guardian, a new low for them. Darren Stephens responded: A complex question reduced to glib reductionism. Guardian reader by inclination, but the lack of insight disappoints. There were many more tweets in that vein. It didnt quite qualify as a Twitter storm, but it was denitely squally. At the Guardians morning conference a few members of sta questioned why the newspaper would call for a ban on all pornography, and whether internet pornography is usually abusive. Isnt a lot of pornography on the internet actually between consenting adults, and would the Guardian want that banned? As a newspaper, the Guardian as far as I can see has never advocated a ban on all pornography. The aim of the leader writer in the wake of the April Jones case was to propose that ways could be brought to bear to restrict violent and abusive pornography. However, the original editorial didnt reect that view. It was decided to amend swiftly by making seven changes to the editorial online to make it consistent with the historic Guardian position. The seven changes included the correction of one outright factual error: that it was Dutch members of the Pirate party who brought down attempts to insert a proposed ban on pornography into European equal rights legislation. Members of the Pirate party were involved but they werent Dutch there are no Dutch Pirate party MEPs. A footnote was added to the editorial and a correction published. The new rst paragraph now reads: Internet pornography is sometimes abusive and often violent. Mark Bridger, convicted yesterday of the murder of April Jones, had compiled a store of it. Violent pornography is easily and freely accessible, and at most requires only a credit card. The link between such material and actual violence, most commonly against women and children, is disputed occasional studies claim there is, as one headline had it, a sunny side to smut. But there is strong evidence that at the very least it is addictive, can normalise violence, and at the same time diminishes sympathy for its victims. It is a kind of incitement to hate. Abusive and violent pornography should be banned. But that is easier to say than to do. The editorial now makes it clear that the Guardian does not call for an outright ban on all pornography, and that a line should be drawn between violent and abusive pornography and the actions of consenting individuals.

Chris Elliott
The readers editor on clarifying the Guardians view on pornography
t can happen to the best. A journalist writes an editorial purporting to give the newspapers view on a particular subject. A few hours later, after mature reection, the editor and his senior sta feel that it doesnt truly represent what the newspaper thinks, and readers want to know why the Guardian has apparently changed its stance on an issue. In the past the remedy for a wayward editorial was often simply to write another the next day, or soon after, recalibrating the viewpoint. However, now that editorials are also on the web, should the original be amended online or allowed to

A yellowing cutting can be largely ignored but to have online text expressing a skewed view is another matter

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The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

Opinion

DMI debacle is as much a failure of governance as of management

Steve Hewlett

he loss by the BBC of close to 100m of licence payers cash on account of its ill-fated Digital Media Initiative (DMI) has so far been somewhat under-reported as BBC scandals go, that is. But the loss of what roughly amounts to Radio 4s annual budget or 100 hours of top-end TV drama or 700,000 licence fees has implications that could extend well beyond the current embarrassment occasioned by the abandonment of the agship project. Of course the BBC is not the only big organisation to have lost a fortune because of a big failed IT project. But when you look back at the course of events surrounding DMI, lots of very serious and, in the runup to a new Royal Charter, politically signicant questions arise. The BBC has been in a longrunning battle with the National Audit Oce (NAO) fearing, rightly, a potential threat to the BBCs independence bordering on direct political interference via the back door. Its all very

well for the NAO to scrutinise the BBCs books. But when nancial and editorial matters become entwined which in the BBCs case they do most of the time the NAOs view of good public value, and more troubling still those of the body to which the NAO reports, the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) of the House of Commons, brings that threat of political interference to life. The problem with the collapse of DMI is that it looks like plain bad management compounded by a failure of oversight by the BBC Trust, and as such opens a ank to attack by some on the PAC who want to muscle in on the BBCs decision-making processes. Looking forward, the diculties created for the BBC Trust by DMI are at least as serious. Their failure to apply sucient scrutiny to the project threatens to undo all the trusts eorts since it was formed in 2007 to show that it has real independence from the BBC management it is supposed to hold to account. Indeed, when the NAO reported on the DMI project in early 2011 in fairly critical terms after it had fallen apart at Siemens and been brought inhouse by the BBC the trust remained

pretty gung-ho. Indeed, whereas the project was designed to produce an endto-end digital production and archive system for just six business units in its Siemens days, the in-house version doubled up to work for 13 increasing the risk of failure and concomitant nancial loss. It looks with hindsight a classic case of BBC managements vaulting ambition and, critically, a failure of the governance system to see that. Notwithstanding the NAOs criticism of some of the BBCs processes and their warning

The trust commented that DMI was a project of which the BBC should be proud

that many of the potential benets of DMI had most probably been overstated or at least not rigorously assessed the trust commented that DMI was a project of which the BBC should be proud. Trust members are furious and embarrassed that reassurances previously given to the PAC about DMI have proved to be wrong, and plainly believe they themselves may have been seriously misled by senior management. The NAO and their PAC masters who have a session with the BBC in Salford today will now have the bit between their teeth. Whats more, their next inquiry, into BBC senior management payos, is sure to cause more trouble. Partly because of the trusts failure to deal eectively with that issue; but also because some of the biggest payos went to managers who had oversight of, youve guessed it, DMI. In any event, Pattens heartfelt wish that BBC governance wont be an issue that gures prominently in the debate around the next Royal Charter now seems much less likely to be granted. Steve Hewlett presents Radio 4s The Media Show

AllMedias queen aims to build its wealth

MediaGuardian

Media Monkeys Diary

Some of those who relished the Pirandellian spectacle of the BBCs coverage of the Queens visit to New Broadcasting House on Friday (climaxing in especially postmodern fashion with her contribution to a Radio 4 special about, well, her visit to New Broadcasting House) consulted the maps for BBC sta of the goldsh bowl newsroom, as previously reproduced in MediaGuardian. And, yes, the spot where HM stood as she appeared pantostyle behind the news presenters is the No 1 no-go area, marked please dont stand here. This wasnt the only instance of royal scorn for the rules, as she wore a hat in the newsroom and was accompanied by an equerry equipped with a sword, both contrary to BBC guidelines though more alarmingly so in the latter case. At one point it seemed possible the sword might come in to use, when a second chap in military garb could be glimpsed making a throat-cutting gesture during the grisly live performance at Radio 1 though whether he meant Danny ODonoghue or Tony Jazz Hands Hall, responsible as her host for subjecting her to the Live Lounge ordeal, wasnt clear. Its all kicking o at the Daily Telegraph, following a blog by birdsnest-haired feature writer Judith Woods that was just as spiky about Kate Winslets latest pregnancy as a classic two-page Boshing by the Daily Mails implacable Alison Bosho (Three babies by three husbands. Why is Kate Winslets love life such a mess?) was on the same day. A Twitter storm ensued, as did emergency action at the Telegraphs upbeat online section WonderWomen, under Emma Barnett: it icily distanced itself from the Woods piece on Twitter by saying it had wrongly auto-retweeted it due to mis-tagging, and by running a proWinslet article that called the earlier one hateful. Game on! Good to see conrmation, in the latest Broadcast, of the story here that Little Richard Klein could well be the last BBC4 controller, as running it is set to become a second job for BBC2 boss Janice Hadlow. Not yet answered, though, is the resulting issue Monkey also raised: cultured, brainy BBC4 was named by Lord Patten as his favourite channel, so how will Tony Hall or Danny Cohen break it to the BBC Trust chairman (whose cornakes must already have been curdled by learning that his beloved networks piggybank contains only enough for one more drama, a Burton/Taylor biopic) that it is to be a mere hobby for Hadlow? You can catch up with Monkey every day at guardian.co.uk/media, or on Twitter: @mgmediamonkey

This week MediaGuardian 25, our survey of Britains most important media companies, covering TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, music and digital, looks at All3Media.

Tara Conlan
While All3Media-owned Company Pictures was making The White Queen last year, All3Media was itself pondering the issue of succession that drives the plot of the Wars of the Roses drama. It surprised some when one of the most powerful women in advertising, Farah Ramzan Golant, was named as the successor as chief executive ocer to All3Media co-founder Steve Morrison. Yet her appointment points to where majority shareholder Permira wants to take the super-indie which is on track to turn over 515m of revenue this year, up from 473m in 2012. All3Media was formed in 2003 by Morrison and his former ITV colleagues, David Liddiment and Jules Burns, after they bought Chrysaliss TV business for 45m. The group, organised in a muchprized federal system, has grown to encompass 18 companies. They include Company (producers

of The Village and Inspector George Gently); Objective (Peep Show, The Cube and Fresh Meat); Lime Pictures (The Only Way Is Essex); Bentley (Midsomer Murders) and One Potato, Two Potato the company set up by Gordon Ramsay and Kitchen Nightmares producer Optomen, itself owned by All3Media. Aside from the traditional contentmakers, the All3Media group also includes the brand content agency Kameleon, distributor All3Media International and Little Dot Studios, set up in March 2013 to bridge the gap between television and YouTube by helping YouTube creators grow their channels and brands, enhance their creativity and (should they wish) make the transition to television. Unsurprisingly, given the groups size, Ramzan Golant, pictured (who describes switching from adland to television as exhilarating and scary), says she is not on the acquisitions trail. Instead she is focused on creating value for the company and building its value. She has shown All3Medias shareholders which include the private equity rm Permira a three-year strategy which she says was received well. This seems to indicate that the group will not revisit the option of a sale for another few years. In 2011 All3Media was up for sale for around 750m, but Permira quickly stopped the auction when bids failed to match expectations, and rebued offers from buyers wanting to cherry-pick from the group. Recognising how the private equity model works and all it entails, Ramzan

Royal appointment The White Queen begins on BBC1 on 16 June Golant says a sale is their call, not mine. But they can see where they are now. We are already showing returns on our US investment. There is encouraging news for All3Media as, despite pouring millions into the launch of All3Media America in January, revenues for the year to end of August 2013 are on track to grow to 515m. US revenues are forecast to have grown by 25%, indicating initial success for All3Media America. It was launched as what the company called the groups Los Angeles-based production centre and gives all the companies a US infrastructure to funnel their formats through. Chaired by Stephen Lambert whose company Studio Lambert is owned by All3Media it has been charged with producing US versions of All3Medias formats and coming up with new ideas for that market. Tim Westcott, principal analyst for television at analysts IHS Electronics and Media, says: They are still predominantly a UK-based company. I think the unknown quantity is the US market. Theyve got a couple of ongoing commissions from network television. Undercover Boss is a mid-season show for CBS and they are in a good position with that particular format. And Kitchen Nightmares does well still on Fox and has had some success in other territories such as France. New All3Media shows coming up include Objectives BBC gameshow The Reex and Million Second Quiz on NBC, in which contestants compete against each other for 12 days, 24 hours a day. It also has high hopes for The White Queen, which starts next weekend. With the format market looking a bit frayed, Westcott notes, the market is looking strong for historical drama, things like The Borgias, with channels like HBO and on-demand services like Netix and LoveFilm. Interestingly Ramzan Golant says that she is talking to White Queen co-producer Starz about another project and to Netix about future strategic alliances, as she explores how the company could be brought into big international collaborations and coproductions. Key to her approach, she says, is supporting the super programme-makers. The holding company can often be quite distant from its super-sellers. For me the relationships are everything asking them what are the barriers to you developing? We are not a machine. We wont have divisions. We have got multiple creative labels. Her aim is not to be an interventionist CEO but understand where the priorities are. She is looking to host new talent in a start-up under one of the groups existing companies. There have been suggestions that

The numbers
Revenue: 473m, +1.9% (to year end August 31, 2012) 2012 EBITA: 65.1m, + 3.3% Original programmes: for 88 TV channels and over 3,000 hours of programming for international distribution. Views on All3Medias 65 YouTube channels: 300m

Morrison has remained rather hands-on, despite becoming chairman, since Ramzan Golants arrival. She says, though, that it was intended that he would be someone to go to, a sounding board for the rst six months. Hes very clear Im the CEO, therefore accountable for the companys performance. Currently 50% of All3Medias revenues come from the UK and the remainder from the rest of the world. In this new chapter in the groups history that ratio will be a key indicator of the success of its expansion plans at the end of her three-year plan, and help determine if All3Media ends up for sale again.

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

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More at MediaGuardian

Coming up this week Wednesday: Sheeld Doc Fest opens with the UK premiere of Pussy Riot A Punk Prayer. Sunday: Start of Cannes Lions. Speakers include the actor and musician Jack Black, pictured

Interview: Aksel van der Wal

It helps to look at things dierently

The chief executive of Time Out group on how turning into a freesheet has revitalised the London magazine, why going digital has been a bigger challenge and why hes moved his oce to work nearer the IT team
Josh Halliday
Change is in the air at Time Out London. The red neon sign that for two decades marked its spot on Tottenham Court Road, on the edge of Soho, has been taken down as the venerable listings magazine prepares to move away from its home. When the move happens expected within the next year it will be another major break from the past for a title that last September reinvented itself as a giveaway. Inside the spartan oce of its chief executive, Aksel van der Wal, it is clear that the new beginnings are inspired from on high: there is little trace of Time Outs rich heritage and only two of the titles front pages decorate the bare walls. One is a copy of the rst free edition, emblazoned with Take Me Im Yours, framed alongside the autumn 2012 advertising campaign: Time Out. See You Next Tuesday. Van der Wal, a Dutch-born businessman with no background in publishing, insists that the move to free has really reinvigorated the brand as whole. What weve done with going free is make the magazine slightly edgier again, like it was in the beginning. There may be no hashish leaf on its front page, but young Londoners appear to have returned to the once-renegade magazine. It now distributes more than 300,000 copies a week up from 52,000 when it charged 3.25 per copy making it the capitals biggest magazine by circulation. Time Out is on a mission to woo its lapsed urban twentysomething readers. Earlier this year, it ran a sex, drugs and rock n roll series and carried an in-depth expos on the narcotics trade in cyberspace. Gone are the printed listings, which appear outmoded in the smartphone age, and the letters page has been binned. More features and recommendations ll fewer pages, about 80 compared to 115 before the relaunch. The front page has been stripped back, removing its grabby coverlines. And instead of classied listings for trendy Soho nights or bohemian shops in Fulham, the advertising comes from consumer giants such as Ford, British Airways and O2. We took a chance with the magazine to look at the whole thing, says Van der Wal. It has changed signicantly from what it was but its still about making the best of the city. The [audience] reach is signicantly increased so weve been able to attract a lot of the big consumer brands. Weve got car advertising again which we havent had for a few years. A graduate in tax law and a former chief nancial ocer at Vodafone, Van der Wal became chief executive of Time Out Group in 2012 after a year as its chief operating ocer. He advised the private equity rm Oakley Capital when it bought a 50% stake in the rm in 2010, valuing the publisher at a reputed 20m. At rst glance, the corporate-sounding businessman appears to have little in common with Tony Elliott, the man who famously started Time Out in 1968 on a kitchen table at his mothers house with 70 from his aunt. Did Elliott, now the chairman, believe Time Out should drop its cover price? Van der Wal laughs. Im not going to disclose any internal discussions we had or what Tony did or didnt say. Tonys very happy with the product and how things are going. By 2010, it was clear the magazine needed radical change. A plummet in advertising coincided with an 18% drop in print sales since 2008 and Elliott was forced to inject 3m to save the business. It was important that the organisation needed to change like any other media organisation, says Van der Wal. Sometimes it helps if you have somebody who looks at things dierently. Since the Oakley deal, Time Out has continued its expansion overseas there are editions in 37 countries and 25 cities and invested heavily in digital. The company claims its iPhone, iPad and Android mobile apps have 905,000 and increased marketing spend in the runup to the free launch. Douglas McCabe, a publishing expert at Enders Analysis, thinks Time Out made the right move against a backdrop of dwindling print sales. By expanding distribution Time Out has created for itself a far larger, and demographically more attractive advertising platform. Its integrated ed print and digital model del is as much service [oerring a chance to book restaurants or gig tickkets, for example] as editorial, which in turn rn generates additional opportunities. Back in the Time Out newsroom, a few oors below its dusty library of historic back issues, writers have rediscovered the initial spirit of working for a title read by hundreds of thousands of Londoners each week, according to the editor-in-chief Tim Arthur. There is an essence of Time Out that always stays the same. Its I the passion product. u You fall in love with the th brand and you cant leave it. There is somele thing thi about Tonys vision when wh he set it up and at dierent times weve lost e it or its gone commercial or safe, sa but it always comes back around and it is now.

AS WITH SO MANY BUZZWORDS MARKETERS OBSESS OVER, BIG DATA IS NOW DEBASED
Mike Weston Managing Director, Profusion

We are not so much big data evangelists, but merely its messengers, intoned Viktor Mayer-Schnberger and Kenneth Cukier somewhat breathlessly at the start of their 2013 tome Big Data - as good a source on the question of this years zeitgeist subject. And yet even they decline to offer a clear denition. As this year has unfolded, weve seen big data everywhere - and in a way, thats both the point of it and the biggest problem with it. As with so many buzzwords the marketing industry has obsessed over (web 2.0 anyone?), its become something any self respecting marketing tech company wants to lay a claim to... and as they do so, the term has become seriously debased.
On the move Aksel van der Wals magazine is preparing to leave its home users and its website has seen a 69% trac surge year on year. But dont expect Time Out to start charging for digital. Im not a big believer in charging for things in our type of content because theres so many places where people get bits and pieces, Van der Wal explains. The free magazine is one thing, but the organisation in general is really focused on the digital move. That has been a bigger change in the organisation than anything else, however strange that might sound in comparison to the launch of the free magazine. Instead of rival London freesheets like Shortlist, City AM or the Evening Standard, Van der Wals competitors are internet players like Google, Foursquare, or movie review sites IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes. It is little wonder, then, that he chose to move his oce to the same oor as Time Outs team of young computer programmers. You need to look at what digital competitors are doing otherwise you are lagging behind, he says. If youre narrowly focused only on what other magazines do, youre lost. Van der Wal declines to go into detail about the companys nances, but claims that the increased cost of advertising in the magazine about 5,500 for a full-page ad, compared to 2,000 in the paid-for title more than makes up for the loss of cover price income. Time Out Group will report a loss for 2012, he says, as a result of digital investment

What weve done with going free is make it slightly edgier again, like it was in the beginning

But the principle that underlies it marks a huge shift in what we understand marketing to be capable of. For me, the principle idea is one that digital marketing has always espoused: we need to Developing a data science move away from crude pigeondiscipline in marketing hole segmentation in favour helps us to unlock hidden of a world where we listen to and respond to the billions of knowledge - and answer questions we didnt know individual conversations that customers engage in with our we wanted to ask. brands. Do I care that Customer X is a 53-year old female from Preston - or that shes more likely to take out her next mobile phone contract with me if I offer her an extra 500 MB of data and a free ip case? Demographics, like so many other targeting dimensions that have informed the world of marketing until now have never been more than a proxy for real, individual intent: a way to predict whats going to make the customer more likely to buy and drive efciency of marketing effort. Developing a data science discipline in marketing helps us to unlock hidden knowledge - and answer questions we didnt know we wanted to ask. This insight helps us make better decisions, to truly predict what will make our marketing programmes effective. In doing so we may yet unlock the dream that relevant marketing actually makes our customers, lives better too.

Curriculum vitae
Age 41 Education College Hageveld (Netherlands); LLM Tax Law, Leiden University (Netherlands); MBA, INSEAD (France) Career 1997 international corporate tax manager, PricewaterhouseCoopers 2003 chief nancial ocer, Vodafone Global Business Development 2008 chief nancial ocer, Seatwave 2011 chief operating ocer, Time Out Group and president, Time Out North America 2012 chief executive ocer, Time Out Group

Profusion is a member of the MAA www.marketingagencies.org.uk 020 7535 3550

30 MediaGuardian Creative, Marketing and Sales

More jobs at guardianjobs.co.uk Monday 10 June 2013

Do you believe in children?

At Barnardos we believe in children. Our purpose is to transform the lives of the UKs most vulnerable children and our vision is to realise Thomas Barnardos dream of a world where no child is turned away from the help that they need. We have an amazing community of people doing extraordinary things; but theres always more we can do. As a community fundraising professional, this is an opportunity to help transform the lives of the UKs most vulnerable children.

Sky News is an unrivalled, world class breaking news service with a spirit of innovation and a fresh approach to news broadcasting. As the UK's rst dedicated 24-hour news channel, we have built a deserved reputation for being the rst to break major news as well as oering insight and analysis. Were renowned for the speed of our coverage and exibility of reporting news live across all platforms - TV, mobile, online, radio and iPad. Sky News reaches over 107 million homes across 118 countries around the world. Our people are critical to Sky News success and we are now looking to recruit the best talent into three exciting roles: Political Correspondent to join our Westminster team. You will use your in-depth knowledge of the workings of Parliament and policies to bring fresh stories and interviews to our political output, and deliver across all our digital platforms. You will need to have a great track record for breaking news, a diverse contact book, creativity and a strong background in political reporting. Were ideally looking for an experienced TV journalist with a stellar record in breaking news and thorough knowledge of modern news gathering techniques. Senior Producer to join our Osterley team. Youll use your excellent editorial judgement, deep knowledge of national and international news, strong writing ability, and in-depth understanding of 24 hour news in a multi-platform environment. Were looking for someone with a signicant track record in leading teams, shaping quality coverage, building programmes or rolling-news rundowns and, preferably, strong experience of working in a live fast-moving gallery. Youll need the experience and air necessary to stand in for an Executive Producer where required. Court Video Journalist to join ITN, BBC, Sky News and the Press Association who are working together in an exciting new venture to introduce video cameras into courts in England and Wales for the rst time. Youll be responsible for the operation of this ground-breaking project at the Appeal Courts in London. Initially a one year xed term contract in which youll advise us on newsworthy cases, liaise with the court authorities and deploy and operate the cameras. You will be a journalist with a passionate interest in, and knowledge of, the law, and an enthusiasm for video. Youll need to make fast and accurate editorial judgements. Signicant court reporting experience will be an advantage and youll need to be technically savvy. (For logistical reasons the Court Video Journalist will be employed by Sky, but all four media companies will be involved in the recruitment process and daily operational management. Employees of the 4 partners can apply internally for secondments. External candidates should apply via instructions below.) We want Sky News to be a great place to work, a place where people can reach their potential. We foster a culture of opportunity and collaboration that motivates people to aim higher and give them all the support and tools they need to succeed. At Sky we believe in better - and that starts by recruiting the best. To apply - please email your CV and cover letter to skynewsjobs@bskyb.com. For the Producer role, please include 500 words on one signicant way in which you would change Sky News output. Closing date: Monday 24th June Its our people that make Sky the UKs leading entertainment company. Thats why we work hard to be an inclusive employer, so everyone at Sky can be their best.

Deputy Director of Fundraising (Community) 45,00055,000 Head of Operations Community Fundraising 36,00043,000 Community Fundraising Support Manager 31,00038,000 Community Fundraising Volunteer Managers (6 Posts) 22,00026,000 plus car (home based)
To nd out more, including how to apply, please visit us at www.morgan-law.com/barnardos or contact our consultants at Morgan Law on 020 7747 6815. Closing date: Sunday 23rd June 2013. If you believe in children and are excited by challenge, we would like to hear from you.

Barnardos Registered Charity Nos. 216250 and SC037605

HEAD OF MARKETING, PRESS AND SALES

Chichester Festival Theatre wishes to appoint a dynamic individual with a proven track record in marketing to oversee its marketing strategy and sales function. This is a new full time post which will concentrate heavily on the annual Summer Festival including productions transferring to the West End. The successful candidate will work closely with the Executive and Artistic Directors to deliver a diverse audience and to meet ambitious Festival sales targets. The successful candidate will also have experience and a proven record of marketing in an arts or leisure environment including delivering and evaluating successful campaigns. S/he should possess strong communication skills and excellent management skills in order to lead, motivate and develop the sales and marketing team. During 2014 the Festival Theatre will reopen following a 22 million refurbishment programme. Closing date: Friday 5 July 2013 Interview date: Thursday 18 July 2013 Download an application pack: www.cft.org/jobs e-mail: marian.stapley@cft.org.uk Tel: Marian Stapley 01243 812918
Chichester Festival Theatre is for everyone & diversity is central to our success.

The most musical, muscular, versatile contemporary dance troupe in Britain Daily Telegraph

MARKETING DIRECTOR
Our highly successful Marketing Director is leaving to join Future Talent as their new CEO. We therefore have an opportunity for an exceptional candidate to join Rambert as we prepare to move to stunning new premises in the heart of Londons South Bank. Please note that whilst you need to be passionate about sharing your love of the performing arts, we do not expect you to necessarily have any previous experience of marketing dance. For a job description and application form, please visit rambert.org.uk or send an A4 SAE for 60p to Celeste Holder, Rambert, 94 Chiswick High Road, London W4 1SH. Closing date: noon, Friday 28 June 2013.

School of Management

Deputy Editor and Senior Editor-The Lancet Psychiatry London

The Lancet seeks a Deputy Editor and Senior Editor for The Lancet Psychiatry, a new monthly journal aimed at professionals working in mental health. The content will include peer reviewed articles, news, commentaries, editorials, and other material relevant to a broad international readership. We seek two editorial staff for this journal, under the banner of one of the most prestigious medical publications in the world.

Lecturer in Marketing
Salary 31,331 to 44,607 pa Grade 7/8* Ref: A3310 The University of Plymouth has an unequalled commitment to enterprise and supporting faculty and staff in entrepreneurial and socially engaged approaches to teaching and research relevant to the private, public and third sectors. As part of its mission the Plymouth Business School aims to provide the most employable, socially engaged and entrepreneurial graduates in the United Kingdom. We are interested in applications from experienced lecturers in the Marketing discipline. You will be expected to contribute to our undergraduate and postgraduate teaching programmes in Marketing and general business and management. Academic and professional competencies are important together with ability and willingness to teach and supervise students at all levels. You will be encouraged to engage in relevant research and/or develop links with business, industry, government and professional organisations. This is a full-time position working 37 hours per week, on a fixed-term basis for 36 months. For further information and to apply, please visit www.plymouth.ac.uk/jobs Closing date: 12 midnight, Monday 1st July 2013. Interviews will be held on Tuesday 16th July 2013. Plymouth University is committed to an inclusive culture and respecting diversity, and welcomes applications from all sections of the community.

Deputy Editor
We have a vacancy for the position of Deputy Editor. Responsibilities will include deputising for the Editor, commissioning, identifying cutting edge-research and arranging peer-review, writing, and editing, and other activities involved in producing a print and web journal. Some foreign travel will be required. The ideal candidate will have a PhD in a psychiatry-related subject, or a degree in medicine and a demonstrable knowledge of clinical priorities in psychiatry. Substantial postgraduate clinical experience and research experience in a clinical setting would be a distinct advantage. Previous editorial experience is essential.

Senior Editor
We have a vacancy for the position of Senior Editor. Responsibilities will include arranging peer review, commissioning, writing, editing, and other activities involved in producing a print and electronic journal. Some foreign travel will be required. The ideal candidate will have a PhD in a psychiatry-related subject, or a degree in medicine and a demonstrable knowledge of clinical priorities in psychiatry. Research experience in a clinical setting would be a distinct advantage. Previous editorial experience is desirable. To nd out more about these vacancies, you can telephone Omar Morsy on +44 020 7424 4709. To apply, please send your full CV, together with a covering letter stating your current salary details and why you feel you are suitable for the job, to Omar Morsy o. morsy@elsevier.com. Closing date for applications June 17th, 2013.

Rhinegold Education

guardianjobs.co.uk

Visit guardian.co.uk/workforus for the latest

career opportunities at Guardian News and Media Ltd.

Musicroom.com
Education Sales and Marketing Manager, central London The worlds largest online retailer of sheet music, songbooks, education materials, instruments and accessories is looking for an Education Sales and Marketing Manager to be responsible for the promotion and growth of the entire education product portfolio. For full details of both jobs please visit: http://jobs.guardian.co.uk/job/4649064 http://jobs.guardian.co.uk/job/4649072/sales-andmarketing-manager/

To advertise, contact:

Guardian Jobs
London: 020 3353 3400 Edinburgh: 0131 272 2751

Notice to Advertisers

Commissioning Editor, central London The leading publisher of Secondary level music resources is looking for a Commissioning Editor to continue the development of its list of print and digital titles.

It is a condition of acceptance of advertisement orders that the proprietors of The Guardian do not guarantee the insertion of a particular advertisement on a specified date, or at all although every effort will be made to meet the wishes of advertisers. We reserve the right to edit or delete any objectionable wording or reject any advertisement. Although every advertisement is carefully checked, occasionally mistakes do occur. We therefore ask advertisers to assist us by checking their advertisements carefully and advise us immediately should an error occur. We regret that we cannot accept responsibility for more than ONE INCORRECT insertion and that no republication will be granted in the case of typographical or minor changes which do not affect the value of the advertisement. All calls, both incoming and outgoing, will be recorded automatically; however, we only intend to listen to these calls for training and monitoring purposes, for the resolution of invoice disputes, and/or for any other business purpose which is permitted by applicable legislation.

CAREERS WITH PLYMOUTH UNIVERSITY

MediaGuardian Creative, Marketing and Sales

ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, TOURS & PROJECTS DEPARTMENT
Intermusica has been touring the worlds leading orchestras and developing creative projects for over thirty years. Our desire to initiate innovative and meaningful projects for our partners, whilst offering a personal and dedicated service, mark us out as major contributors to the eld of international touring. We are seeking an Associate Director to join our busy Department. For details on how to apply, go to: www.intermusica.co.uk/opportunities

More jobs at guardianjobs.co.uk Monday 10 June 2013

31

CULTURE EDITOR - CHANNEL 4 NEWS

Channel 4 News is looking for a highly motivated and experienced Culture Editor who can provide challenging, provocative and irreverent coverage in the eld of contemporary culture and the arts. The successful candidate must have a strong knowledge and experience of covering contemporary culture and arts at a high level in broadcast, print or online, have a strong understanding of the Channel 4 News agenda and have the ability to take a creative and innovative approach to stories. The candidate will have team leadership responsibilities, and must also be a compelling communicator - from live appearances on breaking news, to complex packaged reports against tough daily deadlines, and longer lm pieces. Interested candidates should apply with a CV and 300 words on how they would make Channel 4 Newss cultural news coverage distinctive and engaging to audiences. If you wish to apply for this position please send your application to Deeviya.ruparelia@itn.co.uk. Please note, due to the large volume of applications, only successful candidates will be contacted. The closing date for applications is 21st June 2013.

TRAVEL WRITING COURSES

Central London One-day Workshop Saturday June 15th Four-week Evening Class from Tuesday June 18th Learn how to write and sell travel features. The course leader will be Peter Carty, Guardian, Independent and Telegraph contributor and former editor of Time Outs award-winning travel section. Details: www.travelwritingworkshop.co.uk travelwshop@gmail.com

A world where extraordinary has room to grow

Commercial Development Manager London c.60k + excellent benets

Wellcome Collection is the free destination for the incurably curious, exploring the connections between medicine, life and art in the past, present and future. With a major transformation project imminent, we need someone to steer our commercial development, building on our unique offer and enhancing the visitor experience. Combining commercial know-how with a genuine enthusiasm for our charitable objectives, youll uncover fresh and creative ways of approaching commercial opportunities and make a signicant contribution to our growing success. For more information and to apply, visit www.wellcome.ac.uk/jobs

32

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013 Obituaries desk Email: obituaries@guardian.co.uk other.lives@guardian.co.uk Twitter: @guardianobits

Obituaries

Iain Banks
Novelist best known for The Wasp Factory and The Crow Road who used the internet to interact with readers
Banks in Edinburgh in 2007. He was an expert on whisky and won Celebrity Mastermind with his specialist subject of Scottish whiskies and distilleries Photograph: Murdo Macleod cultural boycott of Israel, refusing to allow his novels to be sold in the country. He was a frequent signatory of letters of protest to the Guardian and a name recruited to causes of which he approved, from secular humanism to the legalising of assisted suicide to the preservation of public libraries. Banks himself was a self-declared evangelical atheist and a man of decided political views, often expressed with humorous exasperation and sometimes requiring ripe language. He relished his public status as no-nonsense voice of a commonsense socialism that had an increasingly nationalistic tint. An expert on Scottish whisky (when he won TVs Celebrity Mastermind, his specialist subject was Scottish whiskies and distilleries), Banks enjoyed the conviviality of a shared drink. In 2003 he published Raw Spirit: In Search of the Perfect Dram, an account of his travels through the highlands and islands of Scotland in pursuit of the history and the special pleasures of malt whisky. In 2010 he gave an interview to BBC Radio Scotland in which he spoke with painful frankness about the breakdown of his relationship with his rst wife. But then the media interview seemed his natural forum: it is dicult to think of a more frequently interviewed British novelist. While his science ction spanned inter-stellar spaces, his literary ction kept its highly specic sense of place. The place that gives the title to his 2012 novel Stonemouth is ctional, but, like other ctional places in earlier Banks novels, it is a highly specic Scottish town. Like The Crow Road and The Steep Approach to Garbadale it is the story of a man coming back to his family home, and it is dicult not to think that this is Bankss story of himself. It even opens, like The Bridge, on the Forth road bridge, the building of which Banks had watched as a boy from his bedroom window. For all their formal inventiveness and play of ideas, his novels remain memorable for the sense they give of their authors personal memories and passions. Shortly after his announcement of his illness, Banks married his partner, Adele Hartley, and she survives him. John Mullan Iain Banks, writer, born 16 February 1954; died 9 June 2013

he writer Iain Banks, who has died aged 59, had already prepared his many admirers for his death. On 3 April he announced on his website that he had inoperable gall bladder cancer, giving him, at most, a year to live. The announcement was typically candid and rueful. It was also characteristic in another way: Banks had a large web-attentive readership who liked to follow his latest reections as well as his writings. Particularly in his later years, he frequently projected his thoughts via the internet. There can have been few novelists of recent years who were more aware of what their readers thought of their books; there is a frequent sense in his novels of an author teasing, testing and replying to a readership with which he was pretty familiar. His rst published novel, The Wasp Factory, appeared in 1984, when he was 30 years old, though it had been rejected by six publishers before being accepted by Macmillan. It was an immediate succs de scandale. The narrator is the 16-yearold Frank Cauldhame, who lives with his taciturn father in an isolated house on the north-east coast of Scotland. Frank lives in a world of private rituals, some of which involve torturing animals, and has committed several murders. The explanation of his isolation and his obsessiveness is shockingly revealed in one of the culminating plot twists for which Banks was to become renowned. It was followed by Walking on Glass (1985), composed of three separate narratives whose connections are deliberately made obscure until near the end of the novel. One of these seems to be a science ction narrative and points the way to Bankss strong interest in this genre. Equally, multiple narration would continue to feature in his work. The next years novel, The Bridge, featured three separate stories told in dierent styles: one a realist narrative about Alex, a manager in an engineering company, who crashes his car on the Forth road bridge; another the story of John Orr, an amnesiac living on a city-sized version of the bridge; and a third, the rst-person narrative of the Barbarian, retelling myths and legends in colloquial Scots. In combining fantasy and allegory with minutely located naturalistic narrative, it was clearly inuenced by Alasdair Grays Lanark (1981). It remained the authors own avowed favourite. His rst science ction novel, Consider Phlebas, was published in 1987, though he had drafted it soon after completing The Wasp Factory. In it he created The Culture, a galaxy-hopping society run by powerful but benevolent machines and possessed of what its inventor called well-armed liberal niceness. It would feature in most of his subsequent sci- novels. Its enemies are the Idirans, a religious, humanoid race who resent the benign powers of the Culture. In this conict, good and ill are not simply apportioned. Banks provided a heady mix of, on the one hand, action and intrigue on a cosmic scale (his books were often called space operas), and, on the other, ruminations on the clash of ideas and ideologies. For the rest of his career literary novels would alternate with works of science ction, the latter appearing under the name Iain M Banks (the M standing for Menzies). Banks sometimes spoke of his science ction books as a writerly vacation from the demands of literary ction, where he could pull out the stops, as he himself put it. Player of Games (1988) was followed by Use of Weapons (1990). The science ction employed some of the narrative trickery that characterised his literary ction: Use of Weapons, for instance, featured two interleaved narratives, one of which moved forward in time and the other backwards. Their connectedness only became clear with a nal, somewhat outrageous, twist of the narrative. His many fans came to relish these tricks. In 1991 Banks moved from England to Scotland, settling in North Queensferry, Fife, very close to his childhood home. He had remained close to his parents, who in their old age moved to live next to him. Scottish settings now became impor-

Birthdays
tant to many of his novels. The Crow Road (1992) is a Scottish family saga, though its traditional form is disguised by narrative time shifts and witty references to popular culture. Bankss abiding love of cars is encoded in the book, many of whose key events including birth, copulation and death occur in cars. The protagonist loses his virginity on the back seat of a Lagonda Rapide Saloon. In 2006, nally conceding to the force of green politics, Banks sold his two Porsches, his BMW and his Land Rover in favour of a Lexus hybrid. The Crow Road, with its cast of eccentrics and its exactly observed local detail, was successfully serialised for BBC television in 1996 by the screenwriter Bryan Elsley. The production was directed by Gavin Millar, who several years later also directed a TV version of Bankss next novel, Complicity (1993). This was a less buoyant and formally more restive work. Its protagonist, a Scottish journalist called Colley, nds himself implicated in the crimes of a serial killer. The novel alternates the narration of the journalist, written in the rst person, with the narrative of the murderer, told in the second person. By the time that Banks was duly named as one of Grantas Best Young British Novelists in 1993 (aged then 39) he was an established name with a strong and often youthful following. In 1997 he produced A Song of Stone, a bleak political fable set in some unnamed land where civilisation has collapsed. Always a man of the left, Banks was animated by political causes and his pronouncements began to attract journalistic attention. The Iraq war made him a loud critic of Tony Blair. The impress of his political views was increasingly evident in his ction and it seemed to some of his admirers that they were exerting too strong an inuence. Dead Air (2002), featured a narrator, Ken Nott, whose views seem little distanced from his authors and who is licensed to berate the reader about political morality, American imperialism, the Royal family and the like. Bankss next work of literary ction was The Steep Approach to Garbadale (2007), a return to the territory of The Crow Road. Bankss protagonist, Alban McGill, struggles to prevent his familys company from being taken over by a US giant, occasioning diatribes against American capitalism and American foreign policy that seem straightforwardly authorial. His science ction works, meanwhile, seemed liberated from some of his grimmer certainties and were notably even-handed in their treatment of moral and ideological dispute. From Excession (1996) to The Hydrogen Sonata (2012), he produced a sequence of seven science-ction novels, all but one of which, The Algebraist (2004), belonged to the Culture series. Agents of The Culture are on a mission to spread democracy, secularism and social justice throughout the universe. It might be thought that they represent Bankss own values. Yet, as a novelist, he had considerable sympathy for those who resist this imposition of contentment. Banks was born in Dunfermline, the only child of an admiralty ocer and a former professional ice skater. As a boy, following his fathers postings, he lived rst in North Queensferry and later in Gourock, Inverclyde. He was educated at Gourock and Greenock high schools before attending the University of Stirling, where he read English, philosophy and psychology. (He would later teach creative writing at the university, which awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1997.) After graduating in 1975 he took a series of jobs, including working as technician at the Nigg Bay oil platform construction site and at the IBM computer plant at Greenock. He visited the US and then moved to London, where he worked as a clerk in a Chancery Lane law rm. Here he met his partner, later to become his rst wife, Annie. While he worked he was writing. In the late 1970s he completed three science ction novels that failed to nd publishers, though all three would later be reworked and published successfully. Then followed one of the more remarkable literary debuts. In 2010 Banks publicly joined the HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, 92; Brian Baldock, chairman, Mencap, former chairman, Marks and Spencer, 79; Keith Best, chief executive, Freedom from Torture, 64; Professor Ruth Campbell, experimental psychologist, 69; Eileen Cooper, artist, 60; Faith Evans, R&B singer and songwriter, 40; Nicci Gerrard, writer, 55; Joo Gilberto, singer and guitarist, 82; Graham Carleton Greene, literary agent, 77; Rich Hall, comedian, 59; Lindsay Hoyle, Labour MP and Commons Deputy Speaker, 56; Garry Hynes, theatre director, 60; Sir Simon Jenkins, writer and journalist, 70; Anne Lapping, television producer, 72; Paul Maskey, Sinn Fin MP, 46; Prof Lord (Tom) Pendry, former Labour MP, president, the Football Foundation, 78; David Platt, football manager, 47; Maxi Priest, singer, 51; Anthony Rooley, lutenist, 69; The Most Rev John Sentamu, Archbishop of York, 64; Jeanne Tripplehorn, actor, 50; Mark-Anthony Turnage, composer, 53.

Announcements

Always a man of the left, he was animated by political causes. The Iraq war made him a loud critic of Tony Blair

The Guardian | Monday 10 June 2013

33

Weather&Crossword
Weather report
Around the UK and Ireland
Sun Rain Temp (C) Weather hrs mm High/Low (noon) Sun hrs Rain Temp (C) Weather mm High/Low (noon)

Weather forecast
Pollen count
London SE England SW England S Cent England Channel Is SE Anglia NE Anglia E Midlands W Midlands S Wales Cent Wales N Wales NE England NW England Scotland N Ire/Ireland low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low

UK and Ireland Noon

Shetland Islands
13 1012 1016 18
Temperature () X Wind (mph) X Sunny Sunny intervals Mostly cloudy Showers Light rain Overcast/dull

Summary
London, SE England, Cent S England, E Midlands, W Midlands, E Anglia, Lincolnshire, Yorkshire, NE England A dry day with sunny spells, but a fair amount of cloud at times, especially in the morning. Light east to southeasterly winds. Max temp 17-20C (63-68F). Tonight, dry with clear spells. Min temp 6-9C (43-48F). SW England Dry with plenty of sunshine at rst but turning cloudier in the west later in the afternoon. Gentle south to south-easterly winds. Max temp 17-20C (63-68F). Tonight, cloudy with rain later. Min temp 8-11C (46-52F). Channel Is, Wales, NW England A dry day with spells of sunshine and just some patchy cloud at times. Light south-easterly winds. Feeling warm in the sunshine . Max temp 18-21C (64-70F). Tonight, cloudier across Wales. Min temp 8-11C (46-52F). SW Scotland, NW Scotland, W Isles There will be sunny spells with the risk of the odd scattered shower. Any showers will ease away by evening. Gentle southerly winds. Max temp 18-21C (64-70F). Tonight, dry with clear spells. Min temp 6-9C (43-48F). SE Scotland, NE Scotland, N Isles It will be a mainly dry day with sunny spells and patchy cloud. Staying dry and ne into the evening. Gentle south-easterly winds. . Max temp 15-18C (59-64F). Tonight, dry with clear spells. Min temp 5-8C (41-46F). Northern Ireland, Ireland Dry with sunny spells in the north, but turning cloudier elsewhere with patchy rain and drizzle. There will be gentle southerly winds. Max temp 18-21C (64-70F). Tonight, cloudy and wet. Min temp 10-13C (50-55F) .

Aberdeen Aberporth Aberystwyth Alnwick Aviemore

0.6 0.1 14.4 0.0 0.0 8.4 0.0 4.7 0.0

11 9 Cloudy 16 10 Sunny 21 6 Sunny 13 10 Cloudy 19 4 Sunny 18 10 Sunny - - Sunny 21 10 Sunny 17 9 Cloudy 17 10 Sunny 18 5 Sunny 17 9 Cloudy 14 9 Cloudy 18 10 Sunny 19 10 Cloudy 18 12 Sunny 13 9 Cloudy 20 4 Sunny 17 7 Cloudy 16 10 Cloudy 18 9 Cloudy 14 - Cloudy 19 8 13 10 14 10 20 9 Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Sunny

Jersey* Kilkenny Kinlochewe Kinloss Kirkwall Leeds Lerwick Leuchars Liverpool London Malin Head* Manchester Margate Milford Haven Morecambe Mullingar* Northallerton Nottingham Okehampton Oxford Plymouth Portland Portsmouth Prestwick Rhyl Shannon* Shrewsbury Skegness Southend Stornoway Swansea Tiree

14.2 13.9 0.0 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 10.9 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 11.1 0.1 14.4 0.0 6.7 0.4 3.7 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.3 13.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

13 10 Cloudy - - Sunny 22 8 Sunny 16 5 Cloudy 12 9 Cloudy 17 7 Cloudy 12 7 Cloudy 13 11 Cloudy 19 8 Sunny 15 11 Cloudy 19 9 Sunny 20 9 12 9 Cloudy 17 10 Fair 18 9 Sunny 22 8 Sunny 17 6 Cloudy 17 9 Cloudy - 7 Sunny 18 9 Cloudy 19 9 Fair 14 9 Fair 17 8 21 8 20 7 24 12 Cloudy Sunny Sunny Sunny

Barrow/Furness 0.0 Belfast 13.0 0.0 Belmullet* Birmingham Bognor Regis Bournemouth Braemar Bridlington Bristol Cardi Cork* Cromer Dublin* Durham Edinburgh Eskdalemuir Falmouth* Glasgow Guernsey* Hastings Holyhead Hove Hull Huntingdon Ipswich Isle of Man Isle of Wight 12.7 0.0 0.0 7.2 0.0 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.1 0.0 0.0 14.4 0.0 0.2 5.8 0.4 6.0 1.4 9.5 0.0 10.1 13.5 5.2 14.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1008 18 3
Slight

Heavy showers Rain

Daily average grass pollen per cu metre of air: low (0-29); moderate (30-49); high (50-149); very high (150+)

Lighting up
Belfast Birmingham Bristol Dublin Glasgow London Manchester Newcastle 2158to0448 2129to0445 2126to0453 2151to0457 2200to0432 2116to0443 2136to0440 2143to0428

18 13
Slight

20
35 30 25 20 15

0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.5 0.0 -

15 10 Cloudy 14 9 Cloudy 15 9 Cloudy 13 9 Cloudy 15 10 Sunny - 9 -

9.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.0 0.0 0.0 15.5 0.2

18 6 Sunny 14 9 Cloudy 13 10 Cloudy 16 8 Sunny 17 11 Fair 17 7 Sunny

16

Sun & Moon

24 hours to 6pm yesterday. Locations supplied by MeteoGroup UK. * denotes sunshine from previous day

Channel Islands
18

20

10 5 0 -5

High tides
Aberdeen Avonmouth Belfast Dover Galway Greenock Harwich Holyhead 0302 4.0m 0908 12.2m 0050 3.5m 0044 6.3m 0705 4.6m 0200 3.5m 0127 3.9m - 1527 2118 1309 1306 1916 1435 1342 1218 3.9m 12.4m 3.2m 6.4m 4.7m 3.1m 3.9m 5.2m Hull Leith Liverpool London Bridge Penzance Scrabster Weymouth Whitby 0808 0429 0048 0337 0629 1031 0839 0545 6.9m 5.2m 8.9m 6.8m 5.1m 4.4m 1.9m 5.3m 2033 1648 1312 1553 1845 2240 2049 1808 6.8m 5.1m 8.7m 6.6m 5.3m 4.7m 2.1m 5.1m

Slight

11

-10 -15

Sun rises Sun sets Moon rises Moon sets First Quarter

0444 2116 0629 2221 16 June

UK and Ireland Five day forecast

Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Atlantic front Noon today

1024 1016
HB L L

1008

1016

Around the world

LQ

C F Weather Ajaccio 20 68 Algiers 25 77 Alicante 26 79 Amsdam 14 57 Athens 25 77 Auckland 13 55 B Aires 14 57 Bangkok 34 93 Barcelona 22 72 Basra 40104 Beijing 18 64 Belgrade 26 79 Berlin 23 73 Bermuda 26 79 Bordeaux 17 63 Boston 22 72 Brussels 18 64 Budapest 26 79 Cblanca 21 70 Chagen 16 61 Cairo 30 86 Cape Town 16 61 Chicago 22 72 Christrch 12 54 Corfu 26 79 Sunny Sunny Fair Cloudy Sunny Showers Sunny Sunny Cloudy Sunny Rain Sunny Sunny Fair Cloudy Cloudy Fair Fair Cloudy Cloudy Fair Sunny Cloudy Cloudy Sunny Dakar Dallas Denver Dhaka Dublin Faro Florence Frankfurt Funchal Geneva Gibraltar H Kong Harare Helsinki Innsbruck Istanbul Joburg K Lumpur Kmandu Kabul Karachi Kingston Kolkata L Angeles Larnaca

C F Weather 29 29 23 30 20 18 19 17 20 18 20 32 23 20 24 25 12 31 28 36 36 31 36 22 30 84 84 73 86 68 64 66 63 68 64 68 90 73 68 75 77 54 88 82 97 97 88 97 72 86 Sunny Sunny Fair Mist Sunny Cloudy Rain Rain Cloudy Cloudy Fair Cloudy Sunny Cloudy Sunny Fair Sunny Sunny Fair Sunny Fair Fair Fair Cloudy Sunny Lima Lisbon London Luxbourg Madrid Majorca Malaga Malta Melbrne Mexico C Miami Milan Mombasa Montreal Moscow Mumbai Munich N Orleans Nairobi Naples New Delhi New York Nice Oporto Oslo

C F Weather 18 64 16 61 14 57 15 59 17 63 23 73 25 77 25 77 13 55 25 77 22 72 21 70 28 82 14 57 22 72 27 81 22 72 30 86 21 70 25 77 39102 24 75 21 70 16 61 16 61 Cloudy Sunny Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Sunny Fair Sunny Sunny Fair Showers Cloudy Sunny Drizzle Cloudy Rain Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Sunny Fair Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Paris Perth Prague Reykjavik Rhodes Rio de J Rome Shanghai Singapore St Pburg Stockhm Strasbg Sydney Tel Aviv Tenerife Tokyo Toronto Tunis Vancouvr Venice Vienna Warsaw Washton Wellton Zurich

C F Weather 16 20 24 13 27 23 22 21 29 24 12 22 20 28 23 26 18 26 16 24 25 21 23 11 18 61 68 75 55 81 73 72 70 84 75 54 72 68 82 73 79 64 79 61 75 77 70 73 52 64 Cloudy Cloudy Fair Drizzle Sunny Sunny Cloudy Rain Fair Cloudy Sunny Sunny Fair Fair Sunny Sunny Cloudy Sunny Cloudy Fair Sunny Thunder Rain Rain Sunny

1016

1008

1000 1016
L

Cold front Warm front Occluded front Trough

High 21 Low 11

High 20 Low 6

High 20 Low 6

High 21 Low 9

High 21 Low 7

Low Q will deepen. High B will remain stationary.

Weatherwatch
The coldest May since 1996 ended the coldest spring for over 50 years. In spite of the lower than average temperatures, last months sunshine, when it did appear, was as strong as ever. Sunshine in May can be as strong as that in August and can be a powerful driver to create ground-level ozone, an important component of summertime smog. Polluted continental air drifted over the UK on the 7th and 8th. Ground-level ozone reached moderate, according to the UK daily air quality index, and exceeded World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines over much of England, Scotland and Wales. London also experienced particle pollution problems. At the end of the month, the sunny bank holiday led to moderate ground-level ozone over the southern parts of the UK on the 26th and 27th. This spread north over Scotland on the 28th and to Northern Ireland on the 29th. Our pollution dose is a combination of the pollution in the air around us and how hard we are breathing. During summertime smog, strong sunlight and warm temperatures mean that ground-level ozone is often greatest in the afternoon and early evening. Vulnerable people are advised to avoid strenuous outdoor exercise at these times. However emerging evidence from the WHO suggests that long term, everyday exposure to ozone can aect asthma and the way that childrens lungs grow. This may require a radical change in how we try to manage the health impacts of this pollutant. Gary Fuller

Starwatch
SERPENS OPHIUCHUS Graas SAGITTARIUS Galactic Centre Horizon at Edinburgh Stinger Horizon at London Delta Antares M4 SCORPIUS

Guardian cryptic crossword

so that, if the two exchanged places, it would engulf both the Earth and Mars. Like many red supergiants, Antares pulsates a little in size, but its brightness variations are less spectacular than those of the hot blue star Delta to its west. Also called Dschubba, Delta has been ejecting swathes of gaseous material since 2000 and varying erratically between mag 2.3 and 1.6, a factor of two. Graas, N of Delta, appears double when viewed through a telescope but since each of its stars consists of two or more other stars, Graas is really a multiple star system. Other double stars pepper Scorpius which is also replete with star clusters and nebulae as we look in directions towards the centre of our Milky Way galaxy. Look for the globular star cluster M4 1.3 to the W (right) of Antares. Although low as seen from Britain, it appears as a fuzzy ball almost as wide as the Moon if observed high in a dark sky. Consisting of hundreds of thousands of ancient stars, its distance of 7,200 ly makes it the closest globular visible in our sky. The galactic centre itself lies some 27,000 ly away, close to where the borders of Scorpius, Sagittarius and Ophiuchus meet 17 E of Antares. Gas and dust clouds hide it from view at optical wavelengths but not from x-ray, infrared or radio telescopes. These reveal stars orbiting rapidly around a supermassive black hole with the mass of 4 million suns or more. Since 2011, astronomers have been tracking a gas cloud with a few times the mass of the Earth as it moves towards an encounter with the black hole within the coming weeks. The outcome may be a urry of x-rays, but not enough to endanger life on Earth. Alan Pickup
1 2 3 8 9 10 4 5 6 7

Across
1 Cover for plants he added after short time (6) 4 His cap unravelled in stages (6) 9 Some gambit I learned that can be used in board game (4) 10 A party type put on bad album thats pedestrian (10) 11 Spread out hat thats turned over and put away (6) 12 Guerilla ghters coveting changes (4,4) 13 Assailant liable to explode into gross rage (9) 15 Touched material for making hats (4) 16 Virtuous circle? (4) 17 Impress with ones eort putting on crown, for example (9) 21 That womans mischievous, taking in current leader (8) 22 Hood with gowns rst put on, getting dressed (6) 24 Possible guidance to pack, if such be the circumstances (2,4,4) 25 Part of ones mouth thats hit by person losing temper (4) 26 Excellent fellow, poor driver? (6) 27 Its possible to bear chap having a row, say (6)

11

12

13

14

15

LUPUS

16 20 21

17

18

19

Horizon at 40 N

LOOKING SOUTH AT 01:00

The approaching solstice ensures that our June nights are brief and awash with twilight, particularly over northern Britain. Our latitudes also mean that Scorpius, one of the most interesting constellations in the entire sky, remains partly hidden as it slides westwards across the S horizon. The chart above, some 35 wide, looks S at 01:00 BST at present and shows the whole of Scorpius as it appears from 40 N, roughly the latitude of Madrid. As we travel northwards, though, the horizon climbs higher and the southern parts of the scorpion, its tail and Stinger, dip lower in the sky and eventually disappear from view. Dashed lines indicate the horizon for London and Edinburgh. The leading star of Scorpius, the red supergiant Antares, shines near mag 1.0 from about 550 light years (ly). Its distinctive hue helps it to stand out when it is so low in our twilit sky and comes from its relatively cool surface near 3,100C as compared with our Suns 5,500C. It is 60,000 times more luminous and perhaps 800 times wider than our Sun

22

23

24

25

26

27

No 25,970 set by Brendan

3 Drug stashed in safe locations my goodness! (7) 5 Kind of wood used in the odd piece of armour (6) 6 Put sailors in vessel they secure wheels on shafts (9) 7 Piece of brass enclosing ring thats worn by noble (7) 8 Incomprehensible, like 1 down, 3, 16 across, 25 and other answers (5,4,4) 14 Skill of leader holding devices for measuring joint (9) 16 Its positioned around locks in the rain, strangely (7) 18 Weapon that may be ported, 8 (7) 19 Resentment more oensive soldier repeatedly reported (7) 20 Show acute embarrassment as husbands embraced by author (6) 23 Some cucumber etc thats put on French loaf (5)
Winners of prize puzzle 25,963 This weeks winners of Guardian Style and Secrets of the Setters are: Trevor Goddard, Barnsley; David Hague, Canterbury; Jennifer Clifton, Otley; Lola Ramsden, Weymouth; Tigerlily Stevens, Brighton Please allow 28 days for delivery

Stuck? For help call 0906 751 0038 or text GUARDIANC followed by a space, the day and date the crossword appeared another space and the CLUE reference to 85010 (e.g GUARDIANC Monday12 Across1). Calls cost 77p per minute from a BT Landline. Calls from other networks may vary and mobiles will be considerably higher. Texts cost 50p per clue plus standard network charges. Service supplied by ATS. Call 0844 836 9769 for customer service (charged at local rate, 2p per min from a BT landline). Want more? Access over 4,000 archive puzzles at guardian.co.uk/crossword. Buy the Guardian Cryptic Setters series (4 books) for only 20 inc UK p&p (save 7.96). Visit guardianbooks.co.uk or call 0330 333 6846.

Killer sudoku 348

Futoshiki 348

Saturdays puzzle solutions

Saturdays sudoku solution appears on the back page of G2

9 8 5 4 2 6 1 3 7

2 1 6 3 7 9 4 5 8

7 4 3 5 8 1 9 6 2

5 6 8 1 4 7 2 9 3

3 9 4 8 5 2 7 1 6

1 2 7 6 9 3 8 4 5

8 3 9 2 1 5 6 7 4

6 7 2 9 3 4 5 8 1

4 5 1 7 6 8 3 2 9

2 < 5 1 4 > 3 3 1 4 < 5 2 > < 4 2 3 1 5 1 3 5 2 < 4 5 4 > 2 3 1

Down
1 In hearing, clinching upper limit (7) 2 Fedora is this kind of hat (5)

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G T O N L E N G O H T H S S E L A OD Y