Page |1

Space Details
The apartment shown in the map is located on the second floor in a building which comprises of four
floors. The apartment is in Karachi 24.5 North at sea level. Directions are shown in the map.
It is open from the east and west side, whereas it has another apartment on the southern side and
the northern side is in the shade of another building.
The map of the space is attached along with this document.
The walls of the apartment are 10 feet high. Material which is used for the construction of the
building is concrete block with internal and external finish of cement plaster.
Floor and roof are made of light weight concrete.
There are 11 windows and each one is made of single glass sheet.
Considering a family of 6 people the cooling load has to be calculated.

1) Outdoor Condition:
Wet bulb temperature

To = 40 C
TW = 35 C

W = 70%

2) Indoor Conditions:

TI = 25 C

W = 35%

3) The thermal resistance and conductance of the materials are found from Table 4-4
Walls:
Resistance of outside air film (summer) = 0.029 m2K/W
Resistance of cement plaster outside = 0.719 m2K/W
Resistance of concrete blocks (light) = 0.38 m2K/W
Resistance of cement plaster inside = 0.719 m2K/W
Resistance of inside air film = 0.120 m2K/W
Total Resistance = 1.967 m2K/W
Total Conductance = 0.5084 W/m2K
Windows:
Conductance of glass (single) summer = 5.9 W/m2K

Page |2

Areas

Walls/m2

Windows/m2

Walls - Windows/m2

North

44.439

4.273

40.166

East

46.298

6.688

39.610

South

44.439

0.000

44.439

West

46.298

5.574

40.724

Page |3

Page |4

Lighting Load
The heat generated is found as
( )(

)(

Where n is the number of lights

FU is the utilization factor (taken as 1 since all lights are in use)
FB is the Ballast Factor (equal to 1.2 for most fluorescent lights)
The CLF is found from Table 4-6. So the general equations for the rooms become:
Bedrooms = 12*1.2*CLF*20
Lounge = 8*1.2*CLf*20
Others = 7*1.2*CLF*20

Time

CLF
Bedrooms Lounge

7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00

0.09
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.76
0.81
0.84
0.88
0.9
0.92
0.93
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.22
0.18
0.14
0.12

0.09
0.06
0.05
0.79
0.83
0.87
0.89
0.91
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.24
0.2
0.16
0.14
0.11

Q (W)

Total (W)

Others

Bedrooms

Lounge

Others

0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.76
0.81
0.84
0.88
0.9
0.92
0.93
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.22
0.18
0.14
0.12
0.09
0.08

25.92
23.04
17.28
14.4
11.52
8.64
5.76
5.76
5.76
2.88
218.88
233.28
241.92
253.44
259.2
264.96
267.84
273.6
276.48
279.36
63.36
51.84
40.32
34.56

17.28
11.52
9.6
151.68
159.36
167.04
170.88
174.72
178.56
180.48
182.4
184.32
186.24
188.16
188.16
188.16
190.08
190.08
190.08
46.08
38.4
30.72
26.88
21.12

10.08
8.4
6.72
5.04
3.36
3.36
3.36
1.68
127.68
136.08
141.12
147.84
151.2
154.56
156.24
159.6
161.28
162.96
36.96
30.24
23.52
20.16
15.12
13.44

53.28
42.96
33.6
171.12
174.24
179.04
180
182.16
312
319.44
542.4
565.44
579.36
596.16
603.6
612.72
619.2
626.64
503.52
355.68
125.28
102.72
82.32
69.12

Total

7632

Page |5

Electronic Appliances
1 Refrigerator of 300W (input power), COP = 3.2, operating 24 hours
Q = COP x Input Power = 3.2 x 300 = 960 W

1 Refrigerator

24 hours

960 W

1 Deep freezer

24 hours

1090 W

2 Televisions

10 hours

150 x 2 = 300 W

2 Laptops

16 hours

90 x 2 = 180 W

Televisions = 2*CLF*150
Laptops = 2*CLF*90

Time
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00

CLF
Televisions
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.76
0.81
0.84
0.88
0.9
0.92
0.93
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.22
0.18
0.14
0.12
0.09
0.08
0.06

Q (W)

Total (W)

Laptops Televisions Laptops Refrigerator Deep Freezer

0.06
15
10.8
960
1090
0.05
12
9
960
1090
0.78
9
140.4
960
1090
0.83
6
149.4
960
1090
0.87
6
156.6
960
1090
0.89
6
160.2
960
1090
0.91
3
163.8
960
1090
0.93
228
167.4
960
1090
0.94
243
169.2
960
1090
0.95
252
171
960
1090
0.96
264
172.8
960
1090
0.97
270
174.6
960
1090
0.98
276
176.4
960
1090
0.98
279
176.4
960
1090
0.98
285
176.4
960
1090
0.99
288
178.2
960
1090
0.99
291
178.2
960
1090
0.99
66
178.2
960
1090
0.24
54
43.2
960
1090
0.2
42
36
960
1090
0.16
36
28.8
960
1090
0.14
27
25.2
960
1090
0.11
24
19.8
960
1090
0.09
18
16.2
960
1090

2075.8
2071
2199.4
2205.4
2212.6
2216.2
2216.8
2445.4
2462.2
2473
2486.8
2494.6
2502.4
2505.4
2511.4
2516.2
2519.2
2294.2
2147.2
2128
2114.8
2102.2
2093.8
2084.2
Total

55078.2

Page |6

Heat from Occupants

Figure 1 Heat Gain from Occupants

For 6 occupants:
Number of people in

Bedroom = 2
Lounge = 6

CLF
Time
of day Bed 1
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00

0.89
0.42
0.34
0.28
0.23
0.2
0.17
0.15
0.13
0.49
0.58
0.17
0.17
0.13
0.1
0.53
0.62
0.69
0.74
0.77
0.8
0.83
0.85
0.87

Bed 2
0.86
0.88
0.89
0.91
0.92
0.45
0.36
0.3
0.25
0.21
0.49
0.58
0.17
0.13
0.1
0.08
0.07
0.55
0.64
0.7
0.75
0.79
0.81
0.84

Q (W)

Bed 3 Lounge Bed 1

0.87
0.89
0.42
0.34
0.28
0.23
0.2
0.17
0.15
0.13
0.49
0.58
0.17
0.13
0.1
0.08
0.53
0.62
0.69
0.74
0.77
0.8
0.83
0.85

0.06
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.49
0.59
0.66
0.71
0.27
0.21
0.49
0.59
0.66
0.71
0.27
0.21
0.16
0.14
0.11
0.1
0.08
0.07
0.06

124.6
58.8
47.6
39.2
32.2
28
23.8
21
18.2
68.6
81.2
23.8
23.8
18.2
14
74.2
86.8
96.6
103.6
107.8
112
116.2
119
121.8

Bed 2
120.4
123.2
124.6
127.4
128.8
63
50.4
42
35
29.4
68.6
81.2
23.8
18.2
14
11.2
9.8
77
89.6
98
105
110.6
113.4
117.6

Bed 3 Lounge
121.8
124.6
58.8
47.6
39.2
32.2
28
23.8
21
18.2
68.6
81.2
23.8
18.2
14
11.2
74.2
86.8
96.6
103.6
107.8
112
116.2
119

Total
Heat
Q(W)

54
45
36
36
27
66.6
55.5
44.4
44.4
33.3
543.9
441
531
594
639
243
189
144
126
99
90
72
63
54

366.8
306.6
231
214.2
200.2
123.2
102.2
86.8
74.2
116.2
218.4
186.2
71.4
54.6
42
96.6
170.8
260.4
289.8
309.4
324.8
338.8
348.6
358.4

Total

4891.6

Page |7

Heat through Walls

(

Time
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00

CLTDadj
N
13
13
14
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
21
22
23
23
23
22
21
20
20
19
17
16
14
13

E
14
16
21
26
29
31
32
32
31
30
29
29
28
26
24
22
20
19
18
17
16
14
14
13

S
13
13
13
14
16
18
21
25
27
29
30
29
27
26
25
24
22
20
19
18
16
15
15
14

Q (W)
W
15
14
14
15
15
16
17
19
22
26
31
35
38
38
35
32
30
27
24
23
21
19
16
15

N
222.49
222.49
239.61
239.61
256.72
273.84
290.95
308.07
325.18
359.41
359.41
376.53
393.64
393.64
393.64
376.53
359.41
342.30
342.30
325.18
290.95
273.84
239.61
222.49

E
281.92
322.20
422.89
523.58
583.99
624.27
644.41
644.41
624.27
604.13
583.99
583.99
563.86
523.58
483.31
443.03
402.75
382.62
362.48
342.34
322.20
281.93
281.93
261.79

S
293.71
293.71
293.71
316.30
361.48
406.67
474.44
564.81
610.01
655.19
677.80
655.19
610.01
587.40
564.81
542.22
497.04
451.86
429.26
406.67
361.48
338.89
338.89
316.30

Total (W)
W
310.53
289.83
289.83
310.53
310.53
331.30
351.90
393.34
455.44
538.25
641.76
724.57
786.68
786.68
724.57
662.46
621.06
558.96
496.84
476.14
434.74
393.34
331.30
310.53

1108.65
1128.23
1246.04
1390.02
1512.72
1636.08
1761.70
1910.63
2014.90
2156.98
2262.96
2340.28
2354.19
2291.30
2166.33
2024.24
1880.26
1735.74
1630.88
1550.33
1409.37
1288.00
1191.73
1111.11
Total

41102.67

Page |8

Heat from Windows

(

Time of Day Effective Area

7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00

E
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688
6.688

W
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574
5.574

)(

)(

(SHGF)max
E
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700

W
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700

CLF
E
0.72
0.80
0.76
0.62
0.41
0.47
0.24
0.22
0.20
0.17
0.14
0.11
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.47

Heat (W)
W
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.31
0.53
0.72
0.82
0.81
0.61
0.16
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.06

E
2157.28
2396.98
2277.13
1857.66
1228.45
1408.23
719.09
659.17
599.24
509.36
419.47
329.58
179.77
149.81
149.81
119.85
89.89
89.89
89.89
59.92
59.92
59.92
59.92
1408.23

Total Heat(W)

W
224.74
274.69
324.63
374.57
399.54
424.52
774.12
1323.49
1797.95
2047.66
2022.69
1523.26
399.54
299.66
249.72
199.77
174.80
149.83
124.86
124.86
99.89
99.89
74.91
149.83

2382.02
2671.67
2601.76
2232.23
1628.00
1832.74
1493.21
1982.66
2397.19
2557.02
2442.16
1852.85
579.32
449.47
399.53
319.62
264.69
239.72
214.74
184.78
159.81
159.81
134.84
1558.05

Total

30737.90

Page |9

Standard Ventilation Air Requirement

Kitchen = 50 l/s
Bathroom = 25 l/s x 3 = 75 l/s
Bedroom = 2.5 l/p x 6 = 15 l/s
Lounge = 2.5 l/p x 6 = 15 l/s

Total = 155 l/s = 0.155 m3 / s

P = 101.325 Pa , T = 25o C = 298 K

Density = 101325 / (287 x 298) = 1.185 kg/m3

Mass flow rate = 1.185 x 0.155 = 0.184 kg/ sec

Q = m x Cpx T = 0.184 x 1.005 x 1000 x (40 - 25) = 2773.8 W

P a g e | 10

Final Cooling Load

1 Ton = 3516 Watts

Time
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00

Heat Generated (W)

Cooling Load

Lighting Appliances People Walls Windows Air Infiltration

Watts Tonnes

53.28
42.96
33.60
171.12
174.24
179.04
180.00
182.16
312.00
319.44
542.40
565.44
579.36
596.16
603.60
612.72
619.20
626.64
503.52
355.68
125.28
102.72
82.32
69.12

2075.8
2071
2199.4
2205.4
2212.6
2216.2
2216.8
2445.4
2462.2
2473
2486.8
2494.6
2502.4
2505.4
2511.4
2516.2
2519.2
2294.2
2147.2
2128
2114.8
2102.2
2093.8
2084.2

366.8
306.6
231
214.2
200.2
123.2
102.2
86.8
74.2
116.2
218.4
186.2
71.4
54.6
42.0
96.6
170.8
260.4
289.8
309.4
324.8
338.8
348.6
358.4

1108.65
1128.23
1246.04
1390.02
1512.72
1636.08
1761.70
1910.63
2014.9
2156.98
2262.96
2340.28
2354.19
2291.3
2166.33
2024.24
1880.26
1735.74
1630.88
1550.33
1409.37
1288
1191.73
1111.11

2382.02
2671.67
2601.76
2232.23
1628.00
1832.74
1493.21
1982.66
2397.19
2557.02
2442.16
1852.85
579.32
449.47
399.53
319.62
264.69
239.72
214.74
184.78
159.81
159.81
134.84
1558.05

2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8
2773.8

So it is found that the maximum cooling load is approximately 3 Tons at 5 p.m.

8760.35
8994.26
9085.6
8986.77
8501.56
8761.06
8527.71
9381.45
10034.29
10396.44
10726.52
10213.17
8860.47
8670.73
8496.66
8343.18
8227.95
7930.5
7559.94
7301.99
6907.86
6765.33
6625.09
7954.68

2.492
2.558
2.584
2.556
2.418
2.492
2.425
2.668
2.854
2.957
3.051
2.905
2.520
2.466
2.417
2.373
2.340
2.256
2.150
2.077
1.965
1.924
1.884
2.262