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zy = cos
cos = dy ds dy dx zy =0 ds ds
zx cos zy sin = 0 zx
Torque
= T = ( x zy y zx ) dxdy
A
T = x +y dxdy = 2 dxdy x y A
x2 y2 = B h 2 + b 2 1
Substituting into Poissons equation get
h b G B= 2 h + b2
2 2
2 Bx 2b 2Gx zy = = 2 = 2 h h + b2 x
max = zy ( x = h )
Torque
2b 2 hG = 2 h + b2
2B 2 2B 2 2B 2B T = 2 x dA+ 2 y dA 2B dA = 2 I y + 2 I x 2BA h b h b
T = Bhb
b3 h3
(b + h )
2 2
= G"J "
How can we see that torsional constant is not equal to polar moment of inertia? Note that hb3 bh 3
Ix = 4 Iy = 4
Example
Find how much we increase twist angle and maximum shear stress by using an elliptical cross section with b/h=2 instead of a circular section of same area. What is the error if we use J, not J Area Equality : 2 2
bh = 2 h
= r
r h= ;b = r 2 2
max
2T 2T 2 = = (41% higher) 2 3 bh r
T (b 2 + h 2 ) 2.5Tr 2 = = (25% higher) 3 3 6 r G b h With J instead of "J" 4T 1.6T = = (20% lower) 2 2 4 G bh(b + h ) r
max
T = k 2 ( 2 b )( 2 h ) 2 T k 1 G ( 2 b )( 2 h ) 3
p z z + 2 = 2 S y x
2 2
Reading assignment
Sections 6.5-6: Using Table 6.1, for what aspect ratio is it reasonable to use the approximation of long and narrow cross section?