Code No: R050210801 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
FLUID MECHANICS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. A horizontal cylindrical continuous decanter is to separate 9.93 m3 /h of a liquid

petroleum fraction from an equal volume of wash acid. The oil is the continuous
phase and at the operating temperature has a viscosity of 1.1 cP and a density of
865 kg/m3 . The density of the acid is 1153 kg/m3 . Compute

(a) the size of the vessel, and

(b) the height of the acid overflow above the vessel floor, if the interface between
the vessel floor and liquid surface is 55cm and the total depth of the liquid in
the vessel is 1.1m. [8+8]

2. Write short notes on:

(a) Viscosity and Momentum flux

(b) Time dependent flow of fluids
(c) A pipe of 20 cm and length 10m is used to transport oil of Sp.gr is 0.9 and
viscosity 1.5 poise. The oil is pumped at a rate of 20 lit/s. Find the average
velocity and Reynolds Number. [4+4+8]

3. Prove that the flow of a liquid in laminar flow between infinite parallel flat plates
in given by
12µ∇L
P−a Pb = a2 gc
Where L = length of plate in direction of flow, a = distance between plates , Neglect
end effects. [16]

4. (a) Describe in brief about isentropic flow.

(b) Derive an expression for velocity in nozzle for an isentropic flow. [8+8]

5. (a) Give a brief explanation on:

i. Void fraction of bed
ii. Tortousity
(b) A gas flows in a conduit vertically at a velocity of 200m/sec.What is the max-
imum particle size of density 1.2g/cc,that may be carried by it?(ρgas = 1.15 ×
10−3 Kg/m3 and µgas = 2.25×10−5 pa.sec) .Assume Stoke’s law regime and check
for the validity of Stoke’s Law. [8+8]

6. (a) Describe about types of fluidization.

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Code No: R050210801 Set No. 1
(b) A tower having a diameter of 0.1524m is being fluidized with water at 250 C.The
uniform spherical beads in the tower bed have a diameter of 4.42mm and a
density of 1603 kg/m3 . Estimate the minimum fluidizing velocity assuming
shape factor and void fraction of the bed are not available. [8+8]

7. (a) Describe briefly the joints and fittings used in transportation of fluids.
(b) Describe the working of any one non-return valve with the help of a neat
sketch.
[10+6]

8. (a) Explain the working principle of orifice meter.

(b) A heavy oil at 20o C having a density of 900 kg/m3 and a viscosity of 6 cp is
flowing in 4-in steel pipe. When the flow rate is 0.0174 m3 /s, it is desired to
have a pressure drop reading across the manometer equivalent to 0.93x105 Pa.
What size orifice should be used if the orifice coefficient is assumed as 0.61?
[6+10]

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Code No: R050210801 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
FLUID MECHANICS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A tubular centrifuge bowl with an inside diameter of 150 mm, rotating at 8000
r/min. is to separate chlorobenzene, with a density of 1109 kg/m3 , from an aqueous
wash liquid having a density of 1020 kg/m3 . The free-liquid surface inside the bowl
is 40 mm from the axis of rotation. If the centrifuge bowl is to contain equal
volumes of the two liquids, what should be the radial distance from the rotational
axis to the top of the overflow dam for heavy liquid? [16]
2. (a) Write short notes on the Reynolds stresses and Eddy viscosity
(b) Turbulent boundary layer
(c) Explain about velocity field and one dimensional flow. [6+5+5]
3. (a) Define ’Equivalent diameter’ for fluid flow through ducts of noncircular diam-
eter.
(b) Calculate the hydraulic mean diameter of the annular space between a 4 cm
and 6 cm tubes.
(c) Draw velocity profile for laminar flow in a circular pipe. [5+5+6]
4. Write short notes on following:
(a) Variable area conduit
(b) Shock waves
(c) Critical pressure ratio
(d) Stagnation Temperature. [16]
5. (a) A concentrated suspension of spherical quartz particles in water settles under
gravity .The particle is 10−5 m and density 2650Kg/m3 , ε= 0.8.
i. Obtain terminal velocity of a single particle assuming stoke’s law to be
valid.
ii. Find initial settling velocity (Us ) of the particles in the suspension given
by Us =Ut ε 4.6.
iii. Calculate the upward velocity of water in the suspension resulting from
the settling of particles for ε = 0.8
(b) What do you mean by hindered settling and free settling. [12+4]
6. Deduce the following expression
µt
VoM
= 2.32
3/2
εM
Showing all the necessary steps. [16]

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Code No: R050210801 Set No. 2
7. (a) Describe the working of reciprocating pump.
(b) Explain the phenomena of cavitation and NPSH. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the construction of an orifice meter with a neat sketch.

(b) Discuss the pressure recovery in an orifice meter and venturi meter. [8+8]

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Code No: R050210801 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
FLUID MECHANICS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Prove that , for static fluid, pressure turns out to be independent of the orientation
of any internal surface on which the pressure is assumed to act, (P = Px = Py = Pz ).
[16]

2. Define the following:

(a) Steady and Unsteady flow

(b) Uniform and Non-Uniform flow
(c) Laminar and Turbulent flow
(d) Stream lines and stream tube. [4+4+4+4]

3. (a) Define ’Equivalent diameter’ for fluid flow through ducts of noncircular diam-
eter.
(b) Calculate the hydraulic mean diameter of the annular space between a 4 cm
and 6 cm tubes.
(c) Draw velocity profile for laminar flow in a circular pipe. [5+5+6]

4. Considering the variation of velocity with area, prove that ds

S
= du
u
2
(Nma − 1) and
explain variation of velocity with change in area for the subsonic and supersonic
velocities.
[16]

5. (a) Explain in brief the flow through packed beds.

(b) A mixture of particles in a packed bed contains the following volume percent of
particles and sizes; 15%, 10mm;25%, 20mm;40%,40mm;20%,70mm;.Calculate
the effective mean diameter ,if the shape factor is 0.74. [10+6]

6. (a) A Spherical ?bead catalyst of diameter 4.4 mm is to be fluidized with wa-

ter at 210 C in a 0.1524m diameter column. The catalyst has a density of
1600 Kg/m3 . The originally unexpanded column. height was 0.712m and the
voidage associated therewith was ∈ = 0.37. Find the height of the expanded
bed when the solids are subjected to an upward water rate of 0.1243 m/sec
and the voidage is 0.775.
(b) Give the merits and demerits of fluidization. [6+10]

7. (a) Describe briefly the joints and fittings used in transportation of fluids.

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Code No: R050210801 Set No. 3
(b) Describe the working of any one non-return valve with the help of a neat
sketch.
[10+6]

8. Explain the purpose and working principle of a pitot tube. Derive the expression
for calculating the point velocity of an incompressible fluid flowing through a duct
using a pitot tube. [16]

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Code No: R050210801 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
FLUID MECHANICS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A continuous gravity decanter is to separate chlorobenzene, with a density of 1109

kg/m3 , from an aqueous wash liquid having a density of 1020 kg/m3 . If the total
depth in the separator is 1 m and the interface is to be 0.6 m from the vessel floor,
(a) what should the height of the heavy-liquid overflow leg be;
(b) how much would an error of 50 mm in this height affect the position of the
interface?
[10+6]
2. A pump delivers water from a holding tank at atmospheric pressure to a process
equipment at 450 kpa at a flow rate of 6.2 lit/s. The process equipment is located
10 m higher than the holding tank. Calculate the power requirement for the pump
if its efficiency is 70% , the fluid friction and the changes in kinetic energy are
negligible. Take density of water as 995 kg/m3 . [16]
3. Derive Hagen-Poiseuille’s equation. Explain the significance of the equation. [16]
4. Write short notes on following:
(a) Variable area conduit
(b) Shock waves
(c) Critical pressure ratio
(d) Stagnation Temperature. [16]
5. (a) Air flows through a packed bed of a powdered material of 1cm depth at a
superficial velocity of 1.0cm/s.A manometer connected to the unit registers a
pressure drop of 1.0cm of water. Void fraction of the bed is 0.4.Assume Kozeny
Carman Equation is valid for this range of study. Determine the diameter of
the particle (ρair = 1.23Kg/m3 = 1.85 × 10−5 Kg/m − sec)
(b) Explain the terms:
i. Interstitial velocity in channel
ii. Superficial velocity. [8+8]
6. (a) Explain the applications of fluidization in petroleum industry.
(b) A bed of ion-exchange beads of 3.28 m depth is to be washed with water to
remove dirt . The average size of particle is 1.1 mm and have a density of
1.24x103 Kg/m3 . What is the minimum fluidization velocity using water at
300 C? What is the corresponding Reynold’s Number of the particles? The
beads are assumed to be spherical (φs = 1) and ∈m is taken as 0.40. [8+8]

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Code No: R050210801 Set No. 4
7. (a) Describe the working of a mechanical seal.
(b) Describe briefly different types of pumps. [6+10]

8. (a) Explain the working principle of orifice meter.

(b) A heavy oil at 20o C having a density of 900 kg/m3 and a viscosity of 6 cp is
flowing in 4-in steel pipe. When the flow rate is 0.0174 m3 /s, it is desired to
have a pressure drop reading across the manometer equivalent to 0.93x105 Pa.
What size orifice should be used if the orifice coefficient is assumed as 0.61?
[6+10]

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