NAMA: KELAS: TARIKH: PEKA 1 Title Problem statement Hypothesi s Materials Apparatus

Techniqu e

Procedure

: Showing xylem as a continuous tube system that transports water and minerals. : Does xylem form a continuous tube system that transports water and minerals? : Xylem tissue forms a continuous tube system that transports water and minerals from the roots to the shoots. : A spinach plant and dilute eosin solution. : A beaker, razor blade, microscope slides, cover slips, microscope, forceps, a white tiles, petri dish and paintbrush. : Prepare cross sections of stem and root and observe them under the microscope. Draw the observation. Lukis rajah 1.38 m/s 44 buku teks : 1. The roots of a young spinach plant are washed with water to remove the soil particles. 2. The roots are immersed in a dilute eosin solution for about 30 minutes. 3. After 30 minutes, when the red eosin solution has penetrated into the veins of the leaves, the plant is removed. 4. Thin sections across various parts of the stem are cut with a razor blade.

5. A paintbrush is used to transfer a thin cross section of the stem onto a drop of water on a glass slide. 6. The section is covered with a cover slip and examined under microscope. 7. The tissue which has been stained with the red colour of eosin is identified. 8. Steps 4 to 6 are repeated using cross sections of the root and leaf. 9. Plane diagrams of the cross sections of the root, stem and leaf under low power are drawn. The parts stained red are indicated. Observati Stem: on/ Result Root:

Leaf:

(1 kertas A4 hanya lukis 2 diagram sahaja) : Discussio n 1. The tissues stained red in the root, stem and leaf are the _________. 2. The results show that __________ is transported from the roots through the stem and into the leaves through the xylem tissues. 3. The hypothesis is __________.

Conclusio : Xylem tissues form a continuous tube system n to transport water and minerals from the _______ to the _________. NAMA: KELAS: TARIKH: 17 Februari 2014 PEKA 2 Title Problem statement Hypothesi s Variables

Materials Apparatus

Technique

Studying the effect of air movement on the rate of transpiration by using a potometer. : How does the movement of air affect the rate of transpiration? : The faster the movement of air, the higher the rate of transpiration. : i. Manipulated: Air movement/ Fan speed ii. Responding: The distance travelled by air bubble in 5 minutes. iii. Constant: Light intensity, types and size of plants A leafy shoots, Vaseline, dry cloth, coloured water, distilled water. A capillary tube, rubber tubing, beaker, scissor, knife, basin, retort stand and stopwatch. Measure and record the distance travelled by air bubble in 5 minutes by using ruler.

Leafy shoots Retort stand Rubber tubing

Capillary tube Air bubble

Red coloured solution

Distilled water

Procedure

1. A leafy shoot is chosen from a plant. 2. The bottom of the stem is cut obliquely under water. 3. The capillary tube is immersed in the water and moved around to remove all the air bubbles. 4. Fill the capillary tube with water and connect it one end with rubber tubing. 5. The cut end of the stem is inserted carefully into the rubber tubing underwater. 6. The joint is sealed by Vaseline to make it airtight and no water leakage.

7. The leaves are wiped dry with cloth. 8. The capillary tube is clamped by retort stand. 9. The end of capillary tube is lifted for a while to insert an air bubble. After the air bubble formed, immersed the end of capillary tube in a beaker of water. 10. Mark the initial location of air bubble by using marker pen and start the stopwatch immediately. Leave the set under the fan with speed 5. 11. After 5 minutes, mark the final location of air bubble. 12. Measure and record the distance of air bubble travelled in 5 minutes by using ruler. 13. Repeat step experiment by using the same plant with the fan speed of 4, 3, 2 and 1. 14. The data is tabulated. Observati on/ Result
Fan speed Distance travelled by air bubble in 5 minutes (cm) Rate of transpiration (cm/min)

9.2

4 3 2 1

7.9 6.4 5.2 3.9

= 9.2 cm 5 min = 1.84 cm/min 1.58 cm/min 1.28 cm/min 1.04 cm/min 0.78cm/min

Discussio n

1. The leafy shoot must cut underwater to prevent air bubble from forming inside the xylem vessels. 2. The connection must be smeared/sealed by Vaseline to make it airtight. 3. The movement of air bubble indicates that transpiration is taking place. 4. The rate of transpiration is higher when the air movement is faster. 5. The hypothesis is accepted. Conclusio The fasterthe movement of air, the higher the n rate of transpiration.