f`'c es el esfuerzo mximo de compresin en el concreto

f''y es el esfuerzo de fluencia o cedencia (The yield strength or yield point) para el acero de refuerzo en estructuras de concreto. En la curva de esfuerzo Vs deformacin, obtenida al someter a tensin una barra de acero, es el del esfuerzo para el cual el acero deja de ser elsti

co y adquiere deformaciones permanentes

El lmite de H elasticidad, es la tensin mxima que Puede soportar sin sufrir deformaciones permanentes.

La fluencia o cedencia es la deformacin irrecuperable de la probeta,

Lmite de fluencia o Cedencia

Lmite de Resistencia a la Tensin

Lmite proporcional
El mayor esfuerzo en el que el ste es directamente proporcional a la deformacin. Es el mayor esfuerzo en el cual la curva en un diagrama esfuerzodeformacin es una lnea recta. El lmite proporcional es igual al lmite elstico para muchos metales.

FACTOR DE SEGURIDAD The maximum allowable stress values to be used in the calculation of the vessels wall thickness are given in the ASME Code for many different materials. These stress values are a function of temperature. Section VIII of the ASME Code, which governs the design and construction of allpressure vessels with operating pressures greater than 15 psig, is published in two divisions. Each sets its own maximum allowable stress values. Division 1, governing the design by Rules, is less stringent from the standpoint of certain design details and inspection procedures, and thus incorporates a higher safety

factor

of 4. For example, if a 60,000 psi tensile strength material is

used, the maximum allowable stress value is 15,000 psi. On the other hand, Division 2 governs the design by Analysis and incorporates a lower safety factor of 3. Thus, the maximum allowable stress value for a 60,000 psi tensile strength material will become 20,000 psi. Many companies require that all their pressure vessels be constructed In accordance with Division 2 because of the more exacting standards. Others find that they can purchase less expensive vessels by allowing manufacturers the choice of

either Division 1 or Division 2. Normally, manufacturers will choose Division I for low-pressure vessels and Division 2 for high-pressure vessels. The maximum allowable stress values at normal temperature range for the steel plates most commonly used in the fabrication of pressure vessels are given in Table 12-3. For stress values at higher temperatures and for other materials, the latest edition of the ASME Code should be referenced.