Geochemistry

SCHEDULE OF SERVICEs & FEEs
2013 USD
www.alsglobal.com
RIGHT SOLUTIONS RIGHT PARTNER
ALS Geochemistry is the leading full-service provider of analytical geochemistry services to the global mining industry. Our integrated network of over 70 laboratories around the world ensures consistent quality and dependable client service wherever we might meet you. Our services are available through any one of the many general service laboratories listed on the back page of this schedule. We also provide custom services for on-site laboratory and sample preparation facilities as well as mobile laboratories and sample preparation installations. This edition of our Schedule of Services and Fees describes a broad selection of our global services but it is by no means a comprehensive list. For specific questions please contact our client services team or the lab nearest to you and we will be glad to help. Prices listed here do not contain locally applicable taxes. ALS Geochemistry reserves the right to alter listed prices at any time.
ALS Geochemistry Global Locations
Quality Management Systems

ALS Geochemistry believes that one of the foremost requirements of our business is providing the best quality assays to our clients to assist with corporate decision making. We provide this through strategically designed processes and a global quality management system that meets all requirements of International Standards ISO/IEC 17025:2005 and ISO 9001:2008. On every continent ALS Geochemistry has laboratories accredited to ISO/IEC 17025:2005 for specific analytical procedures and the majority of our labs have attained ISO 9001:2001 certification. The quality program includes monitoring sample preparation and analytical quality control data generated by laboratories, inter-laboratory test programs and regular internal audits. It is an integral part of day-to-day activities, involves all levels of ALS staff, and is monitored at top management levels. Our global information management system allows access to all processes and quality control information, even at our most remote locations. This same information is available to clients via Webtrieve, our on-line data access system.
ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Australia
ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Canada, USA and Mexico
ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods in Ireland
ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Russia
ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Spain
ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods in Romania
ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Turkey
CNAS L4264
ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods in South Africa
ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in China
ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Kyrgyz Republic
ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Peru, Brazil, Chile and Argentina
Please contact us for details regarding the scope of ISO registration at individual laboratories.
taBle oF Contents
Webtrieve-CoreViewer..............................................................................................2 Sample Preparation .......................................................................................................4

Sample Submission and Storage............................................................................................................................ 4 ALS Core Shed Services........................................................................................................................................... 5 Selecting Preparation Methods.............................................................................................................................. 6 Sample Preparation Packages................................................................................................................................ 7 Individual Sample Preparation Methods............................................................................................................... 8 Specific Gravity, Bulk Density and Miscellaneous Methods. ............................................................................... 9
Precious Metal Analysis . ............................................................................................. 10

Gold......................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Silver and Platinum Group Elements. ................................................................................................................... 12 Concentrates, Bullions and Metallurgical Testing............................................................................................... 13
Exploration Geochemistry............................................................................................ 14
Ultra-Trace Level Methods Using ICP-AES and ICP-MS........................................................................................ 15 Trace Level Methods Using Conventional ICP-AES Analysis. ............................................................................... 17 Low Grade Mineralized Materials......................................................................................................................... 18 Low Level Resistive Elements............................................................................................................................... 18 Individual Element Methods................................................................................................................................. 19 Selective Leach Geochemistry. ............................................................................................................................. 20 Hydrogeochemistry............................................................................................................................................... 22 Biogeochemistry. ................................................................................................................................................... 23
Lithogeochemistry. ....................................................................................................... 24
Lithogeochemistry Packages . ............................................................................................................................. 24 Isotope Geochemistry .......................................................................................................................................... 25
Specific Ores & Commodities ....................................................................................... 26

Ores and High Grade Materials. ............................................................................................................................ 26 Copper. .................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Rare Earths and Rare Metals................................................................................................................................. 29 Iron Ore................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Bauxite and Laterite.............................................................................................................................................. 32 Other Elements and Commodities. ....................................................................................................................... 33
Concentrates & Environmental Testing......................................................................... 34

Concentrates, Bullions and Metallurgical Samples............................................................................................. 34 Acid-Base Accounting............................................................................................................................................ 35
Other Services . ............................................................................................................ 36

Mine Site Services and Mobile Prep Labs............................................................................................................ 36 Mineralogy............................................................................................................................................................. 38 ALS Metallurgy....................................................................................................................................................... 39
ALS Terms & Conditions ...............................................................................................40
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
WeBtrieVeTM - CoreViewerTM
2
New from ALS Geochemistry:
CoreViewer
Imagine being able to share up-close images of drill core from your project with colleagues across the web together with detailed graphically displayed geochemistry, geophysical and mineralogical data.
Employee training is made easier. Validation of geological information is instantaneous. Correlations between chemistry and geological context can be identified by remote co-workers or project managers without them having to be physically present to inspect core or sample material in the field. Conclusions and ideas can be shared and convincingly illustrated with others who might not have the luxury of travel to a remote location to physically inspect drill core or sample material. Collaboration and data sharing are crucial areas of performance for todays fast paced and widely distributed mining professionals. However, the process of accessing essential baseline data that can support geologic models, ore reserve estimations and illustrate or inform projections and strategies is time consuming and sometimes logistically impossible. New and expanding capabilities offered by CoreViewer seek to help address some of these difficulties in a secure and easy to use format over the web.
CoreViewer can accept photographs of core, reverse circulation cuttings or even hand samples for upload to our Webtrieve system where they can be stored and retrieved at any later time. Photos can be sourced in a variety of ways and can be supplied as digital .jpeg files directly to ALS by the client. ALS Geochemistry can also take the photos for you in any one of our more than 70 locations around the world with the advantage that optimal lighting and photographic method conditions are controlled in a lab environment. Photos can be uploaded from current work or even historic work and then paired with analytical results in the ALS Geochemistry archives. Once in our system, the combined image and analytical data will be stored under your client ID and will be available for inspection and review at your leisure at anytime from anywhere. Best of all, the storage and retrieval of this information is free. CoreViewer offers a means of achieving a low-cost, widely accessible permanent archive of information that can be easily accessed by users across all levels of a company. It forms a means of achieving a permanent virtual core library in combination with relevant analytical, geophysical and mineralogical data.
sample Preparation
Combine this powerful new tool for collaborative data interrogation with links to some of the worlds most-used 3D geological modeling software such as ARANZ Geos Leapfrog, Micromine or Maptek Vulcan, the worlds leading mine planning software. Users can instantly view the actual drill core and data that forms the basis of an ore reserve or mining model. Best of all, this information can be accessed from anywhere in the world at any time once appropriate password protection and user identification has been verified.
WeBtrieVeTM - CoreViewerTM
Leapfrog, Micromine and Maptek Window
Click on the drill hole you want to view
ALS CoreViewer Window
Your selection opens in your browser
Users of Leapfrog, Micromine and Vulcan can access this data with a simple click on a drill hole in a 3D geological or mine model to see the actual rock and certificate-based analytical data that applies to the point of interest in the model. This provides obvious advantages in rapid interrogation and validation of the high-value interpretations that are made as orebody and ore reserve models are being constructed or audited. ALS Geochemistry is committed to continued innovation to bring enhanced value to the professionals who use our service. We believe in doing this we will demonstrate what it means to be Your Technical Services Partner.
sample Preparation
saMple preparation
4
ALS Geochemistry is very aware that confidence and security in the chain of custody for your samples as they pass through our system is paramount. To provide complete traceability, your samples are logged into our proprietary world-wide laboratory information management system and given a barcode at log-in. We encourage clients to barcode samples prior to sending them to our laboratories. Our system will accommodate all major barcode formats.
Sample Pick-up Services

Sample transportation/pick-up services can be arranged from any of our locations. Please contact your nearest ALS office for details.
Description
Sample pick-up service.
Application
All sample types.
Code
PKP-21
Price ($)
By Quotation
Sample Submission
Please send your samples to any of the addresses on our website or those listed on the back cover page of this document. Preaddressed adhesive labels and sample submission forms are available on our website and can be sent to you on request as well. We can also offer advice on shipping your samples to any of our laboratories by surface carrier, air cargo and air express. Detailed information on requirements and regulations for each jurisdiction are on the website.
Description
Log sample in tracking system and weigh. Samples received with barcode labels attached to sample bag. Samples received without barcode labels attached. Pulps received without barcode labels attached. At least one out of every 50 samples is selected at random for routine pulp QC tests (LOG-QC). For routine pulps, the specification is 85% passing a 75 micron screen. Other specifications may be checked as per client requirements. Workorder/administration fee applied per submittal. All samples. LOG-24 1.20 LOG-21 LOG-22 0.60 1.20
Application
Code
Price per Sample ($)
Single charge for each batch of samples submitted.
BAT-01 QAR-01
26.45 1.20
Quarantine (heat treatment, storage.) Required for relevant samples AQIS approved heat treatment and storage. imported into Australia.
Sample Archiving
Materials submitted for analysis are retained free of charge at our laboratories for a limited time. Prepared master pulps are stored for 90 days and coarse and fine reject (residue) fractions are stored for 45 days from the time we issue the final Certificate of Analysis. Reasonable monthly charges will apply to samples archived for longer periods in our facilities. ALS Geochemistry sample archive facilities provide a secure and organized environment protected from the elements. ALS Geochemistry also provides climate controlled storage environments where required, including freezer storage for unstable samples. All sample archive locations are included in the laboratory tracking system so that all your samples for all your projects can be located to the rack and shelf location in any of our facilities world-wide at all times.
Description
Monthly archive of coarse rejects after the first 45 days. Monthly archive of pulps >250g after the first 90 days. Monthly archive of master pulps after the first 90 days. Monthly archive of screening reject fractions after the first 45 days. Handling and retrieval of archived samples. Disposal of pulps and coarse fractions. Return of samples to client.
Application
Longer term archiving of coarse rejects. Longer term archiving of large pulps. Longer term storage of pulps. Longer term storage of screening reject fractions. Stored samples. Pulps and coarse fractions. Returned samples.
Code
STO-REJ STO-BLK STO-PUL STO-SCR RET-21 DIS-21 RTN-21

0.65 0.65 0.30 0.30 59.55/hour By Quotation By Quotation
sample Preparation
saMple preparation
In many instances, geologists are forced to operate in new geographies with little logistical support and yet are still expected to collect data that is meaningful and insightful. To support such efforts, many ALS facilities now offer a variety of services to help collect and analyze samples in a highly secure and controlled environment. Together, these services can provide a streamlined and easy way to collect, archive, and retrieve a wealth of information very soon after core is provided to the laboratory.
ALS Core Shed Services

ALS Geochemistry has introduced a group of services called the ALS Core Shed in which we provide services to help you manage your core samples in the field with greater ease and less expense. ALS Core Shed services can be bundled in any combination and cover the full range of handling and management services that clients typically require at a remote drill site. Clients who ship core directly to the nearest ALS Core Shed facility will find a comfortable, dedicated, secure and safe space in which to lay out and log core. Considerations include lighting and infrastructure to support core photography, equipment to scan core using portable x-ray equipment and in selected locations, equipment to provide infrared and hyperspectral scans for mineralogical information prior to chemical analysis. As with all our services, all information can be readily uploaded to our Webtrieve system for easy distribution and access from anywhere in the world. ALS Core Shed services include: Secure and dedicated rental space for layout and logging of core or other materials Core cutting services High resolution core photography linked to Webtrieve for online viewing Hand-held portable XRF equipment and analysis for quick point determinations Specific gravity and/or bulk density testing Secure, barcoded on-site storage that can be seen and monitored via Webtrieve Complete sample preparation and multi-element analysis of core samples as required
Description
Rental space for secure core logging at ALS facilities with full spectrum lights, desk space, access to internet, etc. High resolution, continuous core photo with down-hole depth linked to Webtrieve for online viewing. Core sawing using automated core saws. Secure core storage at an ALS facility.
Code
LOG-COR10 PHO-COR10 SAW-01 STO-COR10
Price ($)
Price on request
sample Preparation
SAMPLE WEIGHT
saMple preparation
6
Accurate results begin with representative samples. Meticulous care is taken in the collection of geological materials to ensure that the laboratory receives truly representative samples. Following sample collection, appropriate laboratory sample preparation protocols must be selected with care to produce the desired homogeneous sub-sample for analysis. ALS Geochemistry approaches sample preparation with the same rigorous quality control procedures and careful attention to detail as any other stage of analysis.
Selecting Preparation Methods

Producing a representative sub-sample for geochemical analysis is the first and most important step taken on a sample once it is received at the laboratory. The appropriate methods to use depend on the type and size of the sample and the commodity of interest. The sub-sampling of rocks and drill core containing precious metals is particularly problematic. The high density of the precious metals (for example, 19.32g/cm3 for gold) and their tendency to form native metal under atmospheric conditions controls their inhomogeneous (nuggetty) distribution in the lithosphere and general environment. These properties also enhance particle segregation as soon as the metals are liberated from their host minerals via fine grinding. It is easy to segregate gold particles at the bottom of a sample bag. Many of the precious metals are very soft, so smearing due to over-grinding can be an additional issue during sample preparation.
10kg
Rock or drill core sample Field sample point SAFE AREA
1kg
1kg pulp Lab sample point Pulp split sample point 250g pulp
100g
Fire Assay Charge Weights WASTE AREA
10g
Gross errors in grade estimation are possible if sampling theory is 1g not correctly applied. The subject matter has been studied in great 1mm 10mm 10um 100um detail and some basic guidelines for sampling and preparation of MAXIMUM PARTICLE SIZE rock and drill core are widely available. A 2-10kg drill core or rock chip sample may be completely crushed to a particle size greater than 1mm, and a split taken for fine grinding. The traditional split size of 250g falls on Gys Sampling Safety Curve (above) and is suitable for many base metal and rare earth deposits where the ore minerals and commodity elements occur homogenously at this sample size. However, for gold and other precious metals, a minimum split size of 1kg is advised as it falls well within the safe zone for sample representivity. This initial pulp split is the most crucial when sampling, and the lab split (fire assay charge weight) has less effect on the quality of the sub-sample.
sample Preparation
Sample Preparation Packages

The preparation process is designed to produce a small, representative and homogeneous sub-sample from the material you submit to the laboratory. Please contact our client service staff or your local laboratory manager to discuss your specific sample preparation and analytical requirements. We have a wide range of expertise available within the ALS Group to help you with most questions you might have. In particular, it is helpful to advise us of mineralized samples that require special handling or special equipment cleaning cycles to eliminate contamination of other samples that might follow in a batch.
saMple preparation
Drill Core, Rock, and Chip Samples

Preparation of diamond drill core, surface rocks or reverse circulation drill chips requires careful application of sampling theory to produce representative sub-samples, particularly if precious metals are heterogeneously distributed (nugget effect) throughout the sample. The packages described below illustrate the most common procedures used to prepare drill core, rock and chip samples for representative analysis. Sample preparation schemes can also be readily customized to suit any particular project requirement. Individual sample preparation codes are listed on the following page. Excessively wet samples may require additional drying, which can result in the application of a surcharge. All PREP packages below include sample login to the laboratory tracking system and weighing.
Description
Preliminary coarse crushing of large drill core and rock samples. Crush to 70% less than 2mm, riffle split off 250g, pulverize split to better than 85% passing 75 microns. Crush to 70% less than 2mm, riffle split off 1kg, pulverize split to better than 85% passing 75 microns. Crush to 90% less than 2mm, riffle split off 1kg, pulverize split to better than 95% passing 106 microns. Crush to 70% less than 6mm, pulverize entire sample to better than 85% passing 75 microns.
Application
Large drill core and rock samples. Drill core, rock and chip samples.
Code
CRU-21* PREP-31** PREP-31B**

2.65 plus 0.43/kg 7.20 plus 0.70/kg 8.35 plus 0.70/kg 9.85 plus 1.20/kg 9.55
Drill core and rocks containing high-grade or coarse gold and/or silver. Drill core, rock and chip samples up to 3kg.
PREP-33D PREP-22
* Size used varies by region; please contact your local client services for the appropriate method code. **Please request PREP-31Y or PREP-31BY for a rotary split option on these packages.
Soil and Sediment Samples

As the prime targets for world-class mineral deposits move deeper into the earth, surface sampling is an increasingly vital tool in identifying deep mineralization, which is often under cover of transported sediments or younger lithologies. Soil and stream sediment sampling are often employed in geochemical orientation surveys and coupled with geophysical data in order to establish drilling targets for further exploration. Drying temperature should be kept low to avoid the loss of volatile elements. Air drying may be requested when the samples are intended for selective leaches targeting the most weakly-bound trace elements. Excessively wet samples require additional drying, which may result in the application of a surcharge.
Description
Login, dry at <60C/140F, sieve sample to -180 micron (80 mesh). Retain both fractions.
Application
Soil or sediment samples.
Code
PREP-41

1.40 plus 2.35/kg
ALS Geochemistry now offers a rapid, high-quality clay size fraction separation on screened soils. The clay fraction in soils acts as a trap for labile elements migrating to the surface environment from depth, and may be used to enhance subtle geochemical signals or investigate stable metal isotopes for cutting-edge exploration techniques.
Description
Separation of the clay size fraction from soils. Requires 50g of -180 micron (80 mesh) sieved soil.
Application
Soil samples.
Code
SCR-CLAY

15.00
sample Preparation
Individual Sample Preparation Procedures

The following procedures can be used either separately or combined in a package in order to meet specific needs regarding sample size and composition. Most of these procedures are charged at a rate that is based on sample weight.
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8
Drying
Drying charges are only applied to samples that are excessively wet. Local laboratory managers will determine the applicability of such charges in consultation with the client when the samples are received.
Description
Drying of excessively wet samples in drying ovens. Drying of excessively wet samples in drying ovens that are controlled to a maximum temperature of 60C. Air-drying of samples.
Application
Default drying procedure for most rock chip and drill samples. Most soil and sediment samples that are analyzed for volatile elements. Selective Leach procedures and others.
Code
DRY-21 DRY-22 DRY-23

2.35 plus 0.48/kg 2.35 plus 0.48/kg 2.35 plus 0.48/kg
Crushing
Jaw crushers may be used to reduce sample particle size prior to pulverization. Very fine crushing may be desirable when nugget effect and sample representivity is a concern. Other nominal sizes and fineness options are available on request.
Description
Coarse crushing of rock chip and drill samples to 70% nominal -6mm.
Application
Used if the material is too coarse for introduction into the pulverizing mill and as a preliminary step before fine crushing of larger samples. Standard preparation procedure for samples where a representative split will be pulverized. Option for when a finer grind is desired. Option for when a finer grind is desired.
Code
CRU-21 CRU-31 CRU-36 CRU-32

2.65 plus 0.43/kg 2.65 plus 0.43/kg 3.00 plus 0.95/kg 3.60 plus 1.15/kg
Fine crushing of rock chip and drill samples to 70% nominal -2mm or better. Fine crushing of rock chip and drill samples 85% nominal -2mm. Fine crushing of rock chip and drill samples to 90% nominal -2mm.
Splitting
After crushing, some samples may require splitting into representative sub-samples. In many locations automated rotary splitters can be attached to crushers to produce demonstrably superior precision in sub-sample analyses.
Description
Split sample using a riffle splitter. Split sample using a rotary splitter. Split sample using a Boyd crusher/rotary splitter combination. Split a received pulp sample for various uses.
Application
Standard splitting procedure. Premium splitting procedure. Pulp splitting procedure.
Code
SPL-21 SPL-22 SPL-22Y SPL-34

1.80 plus 0.33/kg 2.65 plus 0.85/kg 1.80 plus 0.33/kg 0.65
Pulverizing
While larger pulps offer better sub-sample representation and are required for metallic screen assays, 250g pulps are routine for low-grade or non-mineralized rock. All pulverizing procedures make use of flying disk or ring and puck style low-chrome steel grinding mills unless otherwise specified. Please enquire if you are interested in non-metallic pulverization media such as agate, tungsten carbide or zirconia.
Description
Pulverize a split or total sample up to 250g to 85% passing 75 microns. Pulverize a 1,000g split to 85% passing 75 microns. Pulverize a 1,000g split to 95% passing 106 microns. Pulverize entire sample up to 85% passing 75 microns. Riffle split sample to maximum of 3kg and pulverize split to 85% passing 75 microns. Retain and bag unpulverized reject. Riffle split sample to maximum of 3kg and pulverize split to 85% passing 75 microns. Dispose of unpulverized reject. Pulverize concentrate sample to 85% passing 75 microns.
Application
Default procedure for samples that are finely crushed and split to 250g or less. Large sample size to mitigate nugget effect. Appropriate for samples up to 3kg. Appropriate for RC drill chip samples not requiring crushing. Cost includes careful cleaning of the pulverizing bowl after grinding.
Code
PUL-31 PUL-32 PUL-35a PUL-21 PUL-23 PUL-24 PUL-51

4.20 5.95 7.20 9.80 7.20 plus 0.90/kg 7.20 plus 0.65/kg 17.85
sample Preparation
Specific Gravity & Bulk Density

Specific Gravity (SG) and Bulk Density (BD) of ores are often under-characterized in the determination of tonnage and grade of a deposit. Incorrect assumptions or inadequate characterization of these basic rock properties can lead to gross errors in deposit tonnage. SG is determined by weighing a sample in air and in water, and it is reported as a ratio between the density of the sample and the density of water. BD is the density of a material in weight per unit volume, and it is determined by the weight of a sample and the volume of water the sample displaces. Calculations for SG and BD are corrected for air temperature and the density of the wax coating, if a wax coating is used. Solvents other than water are available in some locations; please enquire for more information.
Description
Specific Gravity on solid objects Specific Gravity on solid objects after wax coating Specific Gravity on pulps using pycnometer Bulk Density by water displacement Bulk Density after wax coating Bulk Density by SG and Density of Water Wax removal charge for SG and BG
saMple preparation
range
0.01 20g/cm3 0.01 20g/cm3 0.01 20g/cm3 -
Code
OA-GRA08 OA-GRA08a OA-GRA08b OA-GRA09 OA-GRA09a OA-GRA09s OA-GRA08wr

11.90 15.50 11.90 11.90 19.05 11.90 5.00
Miscellaneous Procedures
These procedures may be used when specialized preparation or sample compositing is required. An hourly labor charge may apply to time-intensive projects.
Description
Compositing of two or more samples. May be done by volume/core length (CMP-21) or by weight (CMP-22). Clean crushers with barren material after every sample.
Application
As requested. As required. The standard procedure uses compressed air cleaning between samples and barren material between each batch. As required. The standard procedure uses compressed air cleaning or vacuuming between samples and barren material between each batch. As required for samples received in sample bags unsuitable for oven drying, or requiring tray drying. For samples submitted in damaged bags. As requested. As required. Fraction sizing or custom screening as requested.
Code
CMP-21 CMP-22 WSH-21

2.10 3.90 2.35
Clean pulverizers with barren material after every sample.
WSH-22
3.00
Transfer sample to drying tray or new sample bag.
TRA-21 BAG-01 BAG-06 HOM-01 SCR-51
1.20 1.20 1.20 5.30 5.95/screen size
Re-bagging sample in new bags. Double bag coarse rejects. Homogenize stored or composited samples by light pulverizing. Screening of samples to any number of standard size fractions, as specified by the client. Weight of undersize fraction reported for each screen size.
sample Preparation
PRECIOUS METALS
10
Gold and other precious metals continue to be highly sought after by mining and exploration companies worldwide as a result of their strong prices in recent years. ALS Geochemistry has the analytical tools and years of experience to help you with this potentially valuable search.
Gold in Drill Core, Rocks and Chip Samples

Selection of the best fire assay method for the accurate determination of total gold content in a sample is highly dependent on the nature of the sample matrix, the grain size and distribution of the gold and the objective of the analytical result. A wide variety of minerals and metals (such as chromite, base metal sulfides and oxides, selenides, and tellurides) in moderate to high concentrations, can interfere with the fire assay process, generally leading to low precious metal recoveries. With prior knowledge of the presence of these minerals and metals, ALS Geochemistry can modify flux constituents to improve recoveries. When samples contain high grade or coarse nuggetty gold occurrences, the screen metallic procedure is recommended to help avoid over- or under-estimating gold grades. Custom method triggers can be set up for your project such that gold over a certain concentration will automatically be re-run using a higher-grade method, including screen metallics. Client services at ALS Geochemistry can help you customize a gold assay program to meet your project needs.
Analyte
Au
Range (ppm)**
0.001-10
Description
Au by fire assay and ICP-AES. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au by fire assay and AAS. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au by fire assay and AAS. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au by fire assay and gravimetric finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au and Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight 1 kg.screen fire assay. Screen to 100 micron. Duplicate assay on screen undersize. Assay of entire oversize fraction. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight
Code
Trace Level
Au-ICP21 Au-ICP22 Au-AA23 Au-AA24 16.10 19.00 15.50 18.45
Au
0.005-10
Ore Grade
Au 0.01-100 Au-AA25 Au-AA26 Au-GRA21 Au-GRA22 ME-GRA21 ME-GRA22 16.10 19.00 20.20 24.35 26.20 30.35
Au
0.05-1,000
Au Ag Au
0.05-1,000 5-10,000 0.05-1,000
Au-SCR21* Au-SCR24*
53.65 59.45
* Other screen sizes may be available - please contact your local office for details. ** 1 oz/ton = 34.2857 ppm
sample Preparation
Gold in Soils and Stream Sediments

Aqua Regia Digestions
The determination of gold in soils and stream sediments by aqua regia digestion offers very low detection limits, making it an attractive option for geochemical orientation surveys or when using stream sediments to vector to mineralization. Aqua regia effectively brings the portion of gold occurring natively and bound in sulfide ore minerals into solution, and the solution may be analyzed on the ICP-MS for maximum sensitivity. Depending on the soil composition, gold determined by this method may or may not match recovery from fire assay methods. The 25g charge weight is often sufficient for soils, while the larger 50g weight is recommended for stream sediments as they are less homogenous and require more material to achieve a representative analysis.
Analyte
Au
PRECIOUS METALS
Range (ppm)
0.0001-0.1
Description
Au by aqua regia extraction with ICP-MS finish. 25g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au by aqua regia extraction with ICP-MS finish. 25g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au by aqua regia extraction with AAS or ICP-MS finish. 25g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight
Code
Super Trace Level

Au-ST43 Au-ST44 16.65 18.50
Trace Level
Au 0.001-1 Au-TL43 Au-TL44 14.55 16.20
Ore Grade
Au 0.01-100 Au-OG43 Au-OG44 13.90 15.50
Adding Multi-Element Determinations to an Aqua Regia Digestion

Our Super Trace and Trace Level aqua regia gold digestions may be combined with a multi-element package to provide a complete, cost effective and meaningful data set for geologists and geochemists.
Analyte
Au+ multielement package*
Range (ppm)
0.0001-0.1
Description
Au by aqua regia extraction with ICP-MS finish and: ME-MS41L Ultra Trace Multi-element Aqua Regia Package ME-MS41 Super Trace Multi-element Aqua Regia Package
Code
ST43L-PKG ST43-PKG

37.50 31.15
*ME-MS41 may be packaged with other super trace and trace level gold by aqua regia methods. Please enquire for pricing.
If only a few elements are required, or ultra-low detection limits are not needed, other alternatives for adding trace element data to aqua regia gold digestions exist.
Analytes & Ranges (ppm)
Ag As Ba Bi Ca Ag As Bi Cd 0.2-40 1-10,000 10-10,000 2-10,000 0.01%-15% 0.01-25 0.1-250 0.01-250 0.01-250 Cd Co Cu Fe Mg Co Hg Mo Sb 1-5,000 1-10,000 1-10,000 0.01%-20% 0.01%-15% 0.1-250 0.01-250 0.05-250 0.05-250 Mn Mo Ni P Pb Se Sn Te Tl 5-10,000 1-5,000 1-10,000 10-10,000 1-4,000 0.2-250 0.1-250 0.01-250 0.02-250 U W 0.05-100 0.05-250 ME-MS43 (25g) ME-MS44 (50g) 22.60 complete package or 9.55 plus 1.20/element ME-ICP44 (50g) Sb Zn 2-10,000 1-10,000 ME-ICP43 (25g) 11.90 complete package or 7.20 plus 0.65/element
Code
Cyanide Leach
Bulk Leach Extractable Gold (BLEG) or cyanide leach procedures are used in grassroots exploration where cyanide extraction from a very large sample (500g to 3kg) can sometimes detect small gold anomalies that otherwise would go unnoticed. Cyanide leaching of samples greater than 1kg by quotation.
Analyte
Au Au Au Au
Range (ppm)**
0.0001-10 0.001-10 0.01-200 0.01-300
Description
BLEG ICP-MS finish BLEG extraction AA finish BLEG ICP-MS finish BLEG extraction AA finish Au by cyanide leach and AAS finish. Au by accelerated cyanide leach using LeachWELL reagent or AssayTabs with AAS finish.
Code
Au-CN12* Au-AA12* Au-CN11* Au-AA11* Au-AA14 Au-AA15

35.70 35.70 23.85 23.85 29.75 35.70
*Silver and copper may also be reported by these methods for an additional fee.
11
sample Preparation
Silver
Trace level and low-grade silver samples may be analyzed by acid digestion for maximum sensitivity and precision. Because silver can suffer from the nugget effect similar to gold, occasional duplicate analysis of Ag acid digestion methods may help avoid sampling error at these low levels. For ore grade samples, fire assay is an option to increase sample size.
Analyte Range (ppm)
0.2-100 0.5-100
PRECIOUS METALS
12
Description
Ag by aqua regia digestion and AAS. Ag by HF-HNO3-HClO4 digestion, HCl leach and AAS.
Code
Ag-AA45 Ag-AA61

5.90 8.30
Trace Level
Ag Ag
Note: See also multi-element methods that include Ag under Exploration Geochemistry (pages pages 15-18).
Ore Grade
Ag Ag Ag 1-1,500 1-1,500 5-10,000 Ag by aqua regia digestion, ICP-AES or AAS finish. Ag by HF-HNO3-HClO4 digestion with HCl leach, ICP-AES or AAS finish. Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au and Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Ag-OG46 (Ag-AA46) Ag-OG62 (Ag-AA62) Ag-GRA21 Ag-GRA22 ME-GRA21 ME-GRA22 10.70 13.10 21.40 25.55 26.20 30.35
Au Ag
0.05-1,000 5-10,000
Platinum, Palladium & Other Precious Metals

Platinum, palladium and gold may be determined together by standard lead oxide collection fire assay and ICP-MS or ICP-AES finish. For the full list of platinum group elements, nickel sulfide collection fire assay and neutron activation must be used for a quantitative analysis.
Analyte Range (ppm)
0.005-10 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.0005-1 0.001-1 0.001-1 0.001-1 0.02-10 0.02-10 0.001-10 0.01-10 0.005-10 0.05-10 0.001-10 0.03-100 0.03-100 0.03-100
Description
Pt, Pd and Au by fire assay and ICP-AES finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Pt, Pd and Au by fire assay and ICP-MS finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Rh by fire assay, gold collection and ICP-MS 30g nominal sample weight Pt, Pd, Ir, Os, Rh, Ru and Au by fire assay with nickel sulfide collection and neutron activation analysis. 30g nominal sample weight Note: Au is not quantitative by this method. Pt, Pd and Au by fire assay and ICP-AES (or ICP-MS) finish. 30g nominal sample weight
Code
Trace Level
Pt Pd Au Pt Pd Au Rh Pt Pd Ir Os Rh Ru Au PGM-ICP23 PGM-ICP24 PGM-MS23 PGM-MS24 Rh-MS25 18.90 22.05 19.30 22.25 21.10
PGM-NAA26
148.85
Ore Grade
Pt Pd Au PGM-ICP27 22.05
sample Preparation
PRECIOUS METALS
Precious Metals in Metallurgical Samples

Analyte
Au, Ag Pt, Pd, Rh
Range (ppm)
0.07-999,985 0.07-995,000 0.07-1,000,000
Description
Au and Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish. 30g sample weight required. Pt, Pd and Rh by fire assay and AAS finish. 30g sample weight required.
Code
Au-CON01 Ag-CON01 Pt-CON01 Pd-CON01 Rh-CON01 Au-GRA24 Ag-GRA24 Au-UMP20 Ag-UMP20 Pt-UMP20 Pd-UMP20 Rh-UMP20
Concentrates
82.50 each 86.40 71.45 86.40
Bullion
Au Ag Au, Ag Pt, Pd, Rh 0.01-1,000 fineness 0.01-1,000 fineness 0.07-1,000,000 0.7-1,000,000 0.07-1,000,000 Routine bullion assays by fire assay with gravimetric finish. Umpire assay for bullion samples by fire assay with gravimetric finish. Umpire assay for bullion samples by fire assay with gravimetric finish. 126.00 each 198.00 each 178.60 each
Gold in solution in cyanide liquor or captured on activated carbon may be determined for metallurgical purposes.
Analyte
Au Au
Range (ppm)
0.001 - 2500 mg/L 1-10,000
Description
Au in cyanide liquor by extraction with AA finish. Au on carbon by ashing, aqua regia digestion and AAS. Duplicate analysis.
Code
Au-AA16 Au-AA44

21.40 38.10
Note: A range of elements can be determined on the ashed carbon by ICP-AES/ICP-MS. Please enquire for full details.
In mining and exploration applications, cyanide leach tests are used to establish the potential cyanide extraction efficiency for gold, silver and copper. Various temperature and cyanide concentration configurations are available; please contact client services for more information. Specific to gold, the preg-rob leach test can identify the tendency of certain ores to re-adsorb gold from the cyanide solution, causing lower recoveries than anticipated. Graphite and certain sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite can cause preg-robbing behavior.
Analyte
Au, Ag, Cu
Range (ppm)
Au 0.03-50 Ag 0.03-350 Cu 0.1-2000 0.03-500
Description
Au, Ag, Cu by cyanide leach with AAS finish. 30g nominal sample weight. Au Preg Rob Leach with Gold Spike Au Preg Rob Leach without Gold Spike
Code
Au-AA13 Ag-AA13 Cu-AA13 Au-AA31 Au-AA31a

9.55 plus 4.75/element 10.70 each
Au
Note: Cyanide disposal fees apply in some countries.
13
sample Preparation
eXploration GEOCHEMISTRY
14
Exploration geochemistry utilizes trends and patterns in trace element distribution as indicators of concealed mineralization deep below the surface or at a great distance from the current location. Increasingly, todays explorers require lower detection limits and a wider range of elements to identify prospective targets.
Method selection can be key to achieving exploration success. Sample type, along with target commodity and pathfinder elements should all be considered in selection of the most appropriate method. Stream sediments and soils typically require methods with the lowest possible detection limits for pathfinder elements. ICP-MS methods are also being used on rock and drill core samples where the subtle patterns in ultra-trace elements require the best possible detection limits for delineation. ALS Geochemistry offers a wide range of multi-element and single-element methods that can satisfy the requirements of todays exploration geochemists, both technically and economically. The amount of a particular element taken into solution by a digestion method will depend both on the sample matrix and the strength of the dissolution procedure. Aqua regia dissolves sulfides and mobile elements associated with Fe, Mn oxides. The four acid digestion is considered near total, but does not dissolve resistant silicate and oxide phases (e.g., zircon, chromite). Fusion methods (i.e., lithium borate, sodium peroxide) are designed to ensure 100% of the sample is digested but require different chemistries for various sample types. The table below lists some common ore deposit types, and their relative solubility with respect to these digestion methods. The information is by no means exhaustive and is provided only as a basic guideline.
Deposit Type
Carlin-type Gold An aqua regia digestion will effectively bring the sulfide, carbonate and oxide minerals associated with Carlin-type gold deposits into solution. Porphyry Copper-Gold-Molybdenum Aqua regia readily dissolves copper and iron sulfide containing gold in porphyry deposits; however, for exploration geochemistry, molybdenum may require a four acid digestion for accurate results. Re-Os isotopes determined on molybdenite may differentiate distinct episodes of mineralization.
Major Elements and Pathfinders

Ag, As, Au, Ba, Bi, Hg, Tl
Suggested Method Codes

ME-MS41 Au-ICP21
As, Au, Cu, Hg, Mo, Pb, Re, Sb, Te, Zn, Re-Os isotopes
ME-MS41 ME-MS61 Au-ICP21 Re-ISPT01
Epithermal Gold and Silver-Copper Au, Ag, Cu, As, Zn, Pb, Sb, Mo, Bi, Sn, Te, W, B, Hg Some pathfinder elements for epithermal deposits are resistive, necessitating a four acid digestion to ensure anomalies in Mo and W are detected. The analytical program can be augmented with aqua regia digestion for mercury and boron, also common pathfinders for epithermal gold. Polymetallic Silver-Gold-Lead-Zinc Complex ore mineralogy in these deposits needs a four acid digestion to ensure all important elements are analyzed during exploration. Alteration aureoles around veins may include mercury, requiring an aqua regia digestion to avoid volatilization. Ag, Au, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ba, As, Hg
ME-MS61 Hg-CV41 B-ICP41 Au-ICP21
ME-MS61 Hg-CV41 Au-ICP21
Nickel-Copper-PGE Sulfide Ni, Cu, PGEs, Co, Cr, Zn, Si, Ti, S isotopes Ratios of certain elements, typically resistive, can indicate the presence of these deposits. A four acid digestion is required for exploration and sodium peroxide fusion can be used to identify magmatic and non-magmatic sources. Pegmatites with Rare Earth Elements and Uncommon Metals The commodities in pegmatite deposits occur in highly resistive, complex silicates and oxides requiring a total fusion for accurate analysis. REEs, U, Th, Be, Nb, Ta
ME-MS61 PGM-ICP23 ME-ICP81 S-ISTP01 ME-MS81
sample Preparation
Ultra-trace Level Methods Using ICP-MS & ICP-AES

Aqua Regia Digestion with Low Detection Limits for Drill Core and Rocks
While most matrices are not fully digested by aqua regia, the data from these packages can be excellent exploration tools. Many base metals dissolve quantitatively. In the majority of geological matrices though, data reported from an aqua regia leach should be considered as representing only the leachable portion of the particular analyte. Minimum sample size is 1g. Coarse and malleable minerals such as native gold and silver may not be representatively characterized by the small sample sizes used in these methods (nugget effect). In these cases fire assay or the super-trace aqua regia methods described on pages 10 and 11 may be preferable, in combination with the ME-MS41 methods. 51 Elements by Aqua Regia, ICP-MS and ICP-AES
Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr 0.01-100 0.01-25% 0.1-10,000 0.2-25 10-10,000 10-10,000 0.05-1,000 0.01-10,000 0.01%-25% 0.01-1,000 0.02-500 0.1-10,000 1-10,000 Cs Cu Fe Ga Ge Hf Hg In K La Li Mg Mn 0.05-500 0.2-10,000 0.01%-50% 0.05-10,000 0.05-500 0.02-500 0.01-10,000 0.005-500 0.01%-10% 0.2-10,000 0.1-10,000 0.01%-25% 5-50,000 Mo Na Nb Ni P Pb Rb Re S Sb Sc Se Sn 0.05-10,000 0.01%-10% 0.05-500 0.2-10,000 10-10,000 0.2-10,000 0.1-10,000 0.001-50 0.01%-10% 0.05-10,000 0.1-10,000 0.2-1,000 0.2-500 Sr Ta Te Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn Zr 0.2-10,000 0.01-500 0.01-500 0.2-10,000 0.005%-10% 0.02-10,000 0.05-10,000 1-10,000 0.05-10,000 0.05-500 2-10,000 0.5-500 ME-MS41 22.35
Code
Aqua Regia Digestion with Ultra Low Detection Limits for Soils and Stream Sediments
The aqua regia digestion using a combination of ICP-AES and ICP-MS, with sophisticated software and careful analysis, provides an extremely low detection limit, multi-element package useful for exploration in areas requiring ultra-trace analytical sensitivity, such as soil or sediment surveys. This method is also available for clay separates (described in Sample Preparation). Minimum sample size is 1g. Super Trace 51 Elements by Aqua Regia, ICP-MS and ICP-AES
Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs 0.001-100 0.01%-25% 0.01-10,000 0.0002-25 10-10,000 0.5-10,000 0.01-1000 0.001-10,000 0.01%-25% 0.001-1000 0.003-500 0.001-10,000 0.01-10,000 0.005-500 Cu Fe Ga Ge Hf Hg In K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na 0.01-10,000 0.001%-50% 0.004-10,000 0.005-500 0.002-500 0.004-10,000 0.005-500 0.01%-10% 0.002-10,000 0.1-10,000 0.01%-25% 0.1-50,000 0.01-10,000 0.001%-10% Nb Ni P Pb Pd Pt Rb Re S Sb Sc Se Sn Sr 0.002-500 0.04-10,000 0.001%-1% 0.005-10,000 0.001-25 0.002-25 0.005-10,000 0.001-50 0.01%-10% 0.005-10,000 0.005-10,000 0.1-1000 0.01-500 0.01-10,000 Ta Te Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn Zr 0.005-500 0.01-500 0.002-10,000 0.001%-10% 0.002-10,000 0.005-10,000 0.1-10,000 0.001-10,000 0.003-500 0.1-10,000 0.01-500 ME-MS41L 25.75
Code
Aqua Regia Single Element ICP-MS Methods

These methods are effective options when analytical results for one or only a few elements are required. You can create your own package of elements specific to your exploration program. More elements are available on request. Individual Elements by Aqua Regia, ICP-MS
Ag As Bi 0.01-25 0.1-250 0.01-250 Hg Mo Sb 0.005-25 0.05-250 0.05-250 Se Te Tl 0.2-250 0.01-250 0.02-250 U 0.05-250 (+)-MS42 11.90 plus 1.20/element
Code
*Add element symbol as prefix to method code.
15
sample Preparation
Four Acid Near-Total Digestion

In most cases, this procedure quantitatively dissolves nearly all minerals for the majority of geological materials. However, it may sometimes be necessary to use even stronger dissolution techniques such as fusions in order to achieve fully quantitative results. This method is not recommended for Au analysis; the fire assay or the super-trace aqua regia methods described on pages 10 and 11 should be used for Au. In order to report the widest possible concentration range, this method uses both the ICP-MS and ICP-AES techniques. Minimum sample size is 1g. 48 Elements by Four Acid, ICP-MS and ICP-AES
Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs 0.01-100 0.01%-50% 0.2-10,000 10-10,000 0.05-1,000 0.01-10,000 0.01%-50% 0.02-1,000 0.01-500 0.1-10,000 1-10,000 0.05-500 Cu Fe Ga Ge Hf In K La Li Mg Mn Mo 0.2-10,000 0.01%-50% 0.05-10,000 0.05-500 0.1-500 0.005-500 0.01%-10% 0.5-10,000 0.2-10,000 0.01%-50% 5-100,000 0.05-10,000 Na Nb Ni P Pb Rb Re S Sb Sc Se Sn 0.01%-10% 0.1-500 0.2-10,000 10-10,000 0.5-10,000 0.1-10,000 0.002-50 0.01%-10% 0.05-10,000 0.1-10,000 1-1,000 0.2-500 Sr Ta Te Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn Zr 0.2-10,000 0.05-100 0.05-500 0.2-10,000 0.005%-10% 0.02-10,000 0.1-10,000 1-10,000 0.1-10,000 0.1-500 2-10,000 0.5-500 ME-MS61m 36.35 ME-MS61 26.80
16
Code
Note: To include Hg by a separate procedure in the suite of elements above, please request ME-MS61m instead of ME-MS61.
A full suite of rare earth elements can be added to this package, keeping in mind that this data will represent the acid leachable portion of the rare earth elements only. To include rare earth elements in the suite of elements above, please request ME-MS61r instead of ME-MS61. Rare Earth Add-on to ME-MS61
Dy Er Eu 0.05-1,000 0.03-1,000 0.03-1,000 Gd Ho Lu 0.05-1,000 0.01-1,000 0.01-1,000 Nd Pr Sm 0.1-10,000 0.03-1,000 0.03-1,000 Tb Tm Yb 0.01-1,000 0.01-1,000 0.03-1,000 ME-MS61r 3.55 (add on price)
Code
Four Acid Single Element ICP-MS Methods

These methods are effective options when analytical results for one or only a few elements are required. You can create your own package of elements specific to your exploration program. Individual Elements by Four Acid, ICP-MS
Analytes & ranges (ppm)
Ag As Bi Cd 0.02-100 0.2-500 0.01-500 0.02-500 Ga Mo Re Sb 0.05-500 0.05-500 0.002-50 0.05-500 Se Sn Te Th 0.5-500 0.2-500 0.05-500 0.2-500 Tl U W 0.02-500 0.1-500 0.1-500 (+)-MS62 14.30 plus 1.20/element
CODE
price per sample ($)
+ Add element symbol as prefix to method code.
sample Preparation
Trace Level Methods Using Conventional ICP-AES Analysis

Aqua Regia Digestion
This package is an economical tool for first pass exploration geochemistry. Again, although some base metals may dissolve quantitatively, in the majority of geological matrices, data reported from an aqua regia leach should be considered as representing only the leachable portion of the particular analyte. Minimum sample size is 1g. 35 Elements by Aqua Regia, ICP-AES
Ag Al As B Ba Be Bi Ca Cd 0.2-100 0.01%-25% 2-10,000 10-10,000 10-10,000 0.5-1,000 2-10,000 0.01%-25% 0.5-1,000 Co Cr Cu Fe Ga Hg K La Mg 1-10,000 1-10,000 1-10,000 0.01%-50% 10-10,000 1-10,000 0.01%-10% 10-10,000 0.01%-25% Mn Mo Na Ni P Pb S Sb Sc 5-50,000 1-10,000 0.01%-10% 1-10,000 10-10,000 2-10,000 0.01%-10% 2-10,000 1-10,000 Sr Th Ti Tl U V W Zn 1-10,000 20-10,000 0.01%-10% 10-10,000 10-10,000 1-10,000 10-10,000 2-10,000 ME-ICP41m 16.65 ME-ICP41 10.75 complete package or 5.25 plus 0.65/element
Code
Note: To include Hg to a lower detection limit of 0.01ppm in the suite of elements above, please request method ME-ICP41m instead of ME-ICP41.
Individual Elements by Aqua Regia, AAS

Ag As 0.2-100 5-10,000 Co Cu 1-10,000 1-10,000 Mo Ni 1-10,000 1-10,000 Pb Zn 1-10,000 1-10,000
CODE
(+)-AA45

3.55 plus 2.35/element

Four acid digestions are able to dissolve most minerals and although the term near-total is used, not all elements are quantitatively extracted in some sample matrices. Minimum sample size is 1g. 33 Elements by Four Acid ICP-AES
Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Co 0.5-100 0.01%-50% 5-10,000 10-10,000 0.5-1,000 2-10,000 0.01%-50% 0.5-1,000 1-10,000 Cr Cu Fe Ga K La Mg Mn Mo 1-10,000 1-10,000 0.01%-50% 10-10,000 0.01%-10% 10-10,000 0.01%-50% 5-100,000 1-10,000 Na Ni P Pb S Sb Sc Sr Th 0.01%-10% 1-10,000 10-10,000 2-10,000 0.01%-10% 5-10,000 1-10,000 1-10,000 20-10,000 Ti Tl U V W Zn 0.01%-10% 10-10,000 10-10,000 1-10,000 10-10,000 2-10,000 ME-ICP61m 23.85 ME-ICP61 14.30 complete package or 7.65 plus 0.65/element
Code
Note: To include Hg in the suite of elements above, please request method ME-ICP61m instead of ME-ICP61.
Individual Elements by Four Acid, AAS

Ag As 0.5-100 10-10,000 Co Cu 5-10,000 2-10,000 Mo Ni 2-10,000 5-10,000 Pb Zn 5-10,000 5-10,000
CODE
(+)-AA61

17
sample Preparation
Low Grade Mineralized Materials

These packages can be used as an economical alternative to analyzing low grade ore samples, or rock samples with some mineralization. The method precision is intermediate between geochemical and an assay procedure.
low graDe MineraliZation

18
Aqua Regia Digestion

The aqua regia digestion package will determine only the acid leachable portion of elements. Minimum sample size is 1g. Intermediate Geochemistry, 34 Elements by Aqua Regia, ICP-AES
Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Co 1-200 0.05%-50% 10-100,000 50-50,000 5-500 10-50,000 0.05%-50% 5-2,500 5-50,000 Cr Cu Fe Ga Hg K La Mg Mn 5-50,000 5-50,000 0.05%-50% 50-50,000 5-50,000 0.05%-50% 50-50,000 0.05%-50% 25-50,000 Mo Na Ni P Pb S Sb Sc Sr 5-50,000 0.05%-50% 5-50,000 50-50,000 10-50,000 0.05%-10% 10-50,000 5-50,000 5-50,000 Th Ti Tl U V W Zn 100-50,000 0.05%-50% 50-50,000 50-50,000 5-50,000 50-50,000 10-50,000 ME-ICP41a 17.85 complete package or 10.70 plus 2.35/element
Code

The four acid digestion package is suitable for low grade mineralizedv materials and provides improved accuracy and precision levels over geochemical method ME-ICP61. Minimum sample size is 1g. Intermediate Geochemistry, 33 Elements by Four Acid, ICP-AES
Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Co 1-200 0.05%-30% 50-100,000 50-50,000 10-10,000 20-50,000 0.05%-50% 10-10,000 10-50,000 Cr Cu Fe Ga K La Mg Mn Mo 10-100,000 10-100,000 0.05%-50% 50-50,000 0.1%-30% 50-50,000 0.05%-50% 10-100,000 10-50,000 Na Ni P Pb S Sb Sc Sr Th 0.05%-30% 10-100,000 50-100,000 20-100,000 0.05%-10% 50-50,000 10-50,000 10-100,000 50-50,000 Ti Tl U V W Zn 0.05%-30% 50-50,000 50-50,000 10-100,000 50-50,000 20-100,000 ME-ICP61a 20.25 complete package or 13.10 plus 2.35/element
Code
Low Level Resistive Elements

Elemental Analysis by Pressed Pellet XRF
Pressed pellet XRF is a suitable method for determining several elements that are not easily solubilized by acid digestion techniques. A finely ground sample powder (10g) is mixed with a few drops of liquid binder, compressed in a pellet press then analyzed by XRF spectrometry. Individual Elements by Pressed Pellet, XRF
Ba Ce Cr La 10-10,000 10-4,000 5-4,000 10-4,000 Nb Rb Sn Sr 2-4,000 2-4,000 5-5,000 2-4,000 Ta Th U W 10-5,000 4-4,000 4-5,000 10-5,000 Y Zr 2-4,000 2-4,000 (+)-XRF05 9.55 plus 2.35/element
Code
Additional elements are available on request.
sample Preparation
Individual and Miscellaneous Methods

Unless otherwise noted, these procedures require 1g of sample pulp. Carbon & Sulfur
Analyte
C (Total) C (Non-Carbonate) C (Carbonate) C (Carbonate) C (Graphitic) C (Total) S (Total) S (Total) S (Sulfate)* S (Sulfide)*
inDiViDual MethoDs
RANGE (%)
0.01%-50% 0.01%-100% 0.2%-50% 0.02%-100% 0.02 - 100% 0.01%-50% 0.01%-50% 0.01%-50% 0.01%-40% 0.01%-50%
DESCRIPTION
Total carbon by combustion furnace. Dilute acid digestion followed by combustion furnace. Inorganic carbon by coulometer. Inorganic carbon by difference. Dilute acid digestion, roasting followed by combustion furnace. Total carbon and total sulfur by combustion furnace. Total sulfur by combustion furnace. Sulfate sulfur by carbonate leach and gravimetric analysis. Sulfide sulfur by sodium carbonate dissolution of sulfates,combustion furnace and infrared spectroscopy.
Code
C-IR07 C-IR06 C-GAS05 C-CAL15 C-IR18 ME-IR08 S-IR08 S-GRA06 S-IR07

14.30 19.05 20.20 Requires C-IR07 C-IR17 33.90 19.95 14.30 29.75 29.75
* Sulfur may be understated if BaSO4 or SrSO4 present.
Halides
Analyte
Br** Cl Cl Cl F F F I**
RANGE (ppm)
0.5-10,000 90-10,000 50-20,000 0.01%-80% 20-20,000 0.01%-100% 20-20,000 0.5-10,000
DESCRIPTION
Neutron activation. Neutron activation. Fusion Ion Chromatography. Acid digestion, titrimetric finish. Fusion - S.I.E. Fusion - S.I.E. Fusion Ion Chromatography. Neutron activation.
Code
Br-NAA05 Cl-NAA06 Cl-IC881*** Cl-VOL66 F-ELE81a F-ELE82 F-IC881*** I-NAA07

35.70 35.70 18.60 35.70 17.85 26.45 18.60 35.70
** A surcharge may apply for batches of less than 20 samples. *** When F and Cl are determined together by Ion Chromatography the price per sample is $25.00.
Other
Analyte
FeO Hg Hg pH Conductivity H2O- (Moisture) H2O+ (Water of Crystallization) LOI Acid Insoluble
RANGE (ppm)
0.01%-100% 0.01-100 0.1-100,000 0.1 - 14 unity 1-100,000 S/cm 0.01%-100% 0.01%-100% 0.01%-100% 0.01% - 100%
DESCRIPTION
Ferrous iron by H2SO4-HF acid digestion and titrimetric finish. Aqua regia digestion/cold vapour, AAS. Aqua regia digestion/cold vapour, AAS. Soil pH (1:1 ratio). 5g minimum. Conductivity of soil extract. 5g minimum. Gravimetric procedure after drying at 105C. Combustion furnace followed by infrared spectroscopy. LOI at 1000C. Acid insoluble content.
Code
Fe-VOL05 Hg-CV41 Hg-CV42 OA-ELE05 OA-ELE04 OA-GRA10 OA-IR06 OA-GRA05 OA-GRA04

21.10 9.50 18.80 11.90 11.90 14.30 14.30 8.40 14.30
19
sample Preparation
seleCtiVe leaChes
20
This type of analysis is best suited for targeting mineralization beneath deep overburden. Subtle anomalies can be detected using conventional analytical methods; however, more selective digestions can significantly enhance trace element signatures otherwise masked by overburden.
Selective Leach Geochemistry

ALS Geochemistry offers a variety of partial leaches, which are effective in selectively dissolving specific components of the sample, enhancing a geochemical response to buried mineralization.
Ionic Leach
Ionic Leach is a static sodium cyanide leach using chelating agents with a pH buffer leachant. This innovative leach technique is designed for near surface soil samples to improve geochemical mapping and enhance the potential to detect and resolve geochemical anomalies for a range of commodity elements. The procedure selectively dissolves metal ions that have been leached from the primary source, migrated and then redeposited in the near surface environment. Ionic Leach offers a package of 57 elements under method code ME-MS23, which combines the best in selective leach technology with the highly sensitive ICP-MS to achieve ppt detection limits for critical elements. Ionic Leach is suitable for gold, silver, PGM, uranium and base metal exploration and is particularly useful for resolution of subtle anomalies over blind mineralization. Selective, pH Controlled Leach with ICP-MS Analysis and Final pH Measurement
ANALYTES & DETECTION LIMITS (ppb)
Ag As Au Ba Be Bi Br Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Dy Er 0.1 2 0.02 10 0.2 3 0.05 ppm 0.2 ppm 1 0.1 0.3 1 0.1 1 0.1 0.1 Eu Fe Ga Gd Ge Hf Hg Ho I In La Li Lu Mg Mn Mo 0.1 0.1 ppm 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.01 ppm 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.01 ppm 0.01 ppm 0.5 Nb Nd Ni Pb Pd Pr Pt Rb Re Sb Sc Se Sm Sn Sr Ta 0.1 0.1 1 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 1 2 0.1 0.2 1 1 206Pb 207Pb 208Pb 1 1 1 Tb Te Th Ti Tl Tm U W Y Yb Zn Zr 0.1 1 0.02 5 0.5 0.1 0.1 1 0.1 0.1 10 0.1 ME-MS22 21.35 plus 0.80/element, 2.30 pH after leach ME-MS23 37.65 complete package
CODE
Add-on Elements by ICP-AES (Using ME-MS23/ME-MS22 Leach Liquor)

Al Ba Cu 1-10000 0.05-500 0.05-2000 Ni P S 0.05-1000 0.1-1000 0.1-20000 Si Sr Ti 0.5-1000 0.05-500 0.5-5000 ME-ICP23 15.75 plus 1.00/element
CODE
sample Preparation
Other Selective Leaches

In addition to Ionic Leach, ALS Geochemistry offers a wide variety of other partial leaches to enable its clients to select the leach that is most applicable to the geochemical environment being sampled. The different leaches are designed to target different parts of a soil or sediment sample. Leaches can be done separated or sequentially to best suit project needs. De-Ionized Water (ME-MS03) The water soluble fraction contains the weakest bound ions. This leach is not buffered and subject to pH variability during the leaching process due to buffering of the leach by the samples. Ammonium Acetate (ME-MS04) Slightly stronger than a water wash, the ammonium acetate leach targets the most weakly bound ions and can be used in sequential extractions prior to stronger leaches. This buffered leach is used to extract exchangeable ions and carbonates. Cold Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride (ME-MS05) The cold hydroxylamine leach has been used extensively by explorationists because it is selective for manganese oxides, long known to be powerful scavengers of heavy metals of geochemical significance. Manganese forms several oxidation states and exists in a variety of amorphous and crystalline forms. As a result, manganese oxide has an extraordinarily high cation exchange capacity accommodating many different trace elements on its surfaces. This leach does not dissolve crystalline iron oxides but does dissolve very small amounts of amorphous hydrous iron oxide. Hot Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride (ME-MS06) The hot hydroxylamine leach, which combines a higher concentration of hydroxylamine with elevated temperature (60C) and a reducing acid environment, is capable of effectively dissolving amorphous hydrous iron oxide while leaving crystalline iron oxide substantially intact (typically < 1% dissolution). As amorphous hydrous iron oxide is a much more effective scavenger than crystalline forms of iron oxide, this leach can be quite informative about metal ion mobility. Sodium Pyrophosphate (ME-MS07) Organic matter in soils and sediments is capable of forming chelation complexes with metals. A solution of neutral (pH 7) sodium pyrophosphate liberates these organically-bound heavy metals. Variations in the concentrations of organically-bound metals such as copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, iron and aluminum have been used as indications of buried mineral deposits. Extraction with pyrophosphate does not attack sulfides, nor does it dissolve significant amounts of amorphous iron oxides. 63 Elements, Various Leaches and ICP-MS
ANALYTES & DETECTION LIMITS (ppm)
Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi Br Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs Cu 0.002 1 0.01 0.001 0.2 0.01 0.005 0.003 1 10 0.001 0.0005 0.001 0.05 0.0005 0.05 Dy Er Eu Fe Ga Gd Ge Hf Hg Ho I In K La Li Lu 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 1 0.05 0.0005 0.005 0.0005 0.01 0.0001 0.05 0.001 5 0.0005 0.01 0.0001 Mg Mn Mo Na* Nb Nd Ni P* Pb Pr Rb Re Sb Se Sm Sn 0.5 0.05 0.001 5 0.0005 0.0005 0.05 1 0.005 0.0001 0.005 0.0002 0.0005 0.02 0.0005 0.005 Sr Ta Tb Te Th Ti Tl Tm U V W Y Yb Zn Zr 0.005 0.001 0.0001 0.005 0.0005 0.05 0.001 0.0001 0.0005 0.05 0.001 0.0005 0.0005 0.05 0.001 ME-MS03 ME-MS04 ME-MS05 ME-MS06 ME-MS07 41.70/leach
seleCtiVe leaChes
CODE
* Na and P not reported in ME-MS07
21
sample Preparation
HyDrogeoCheMistry
22
Sample media such as waters and vegetation have been shown to provide valuable information for exploration programs. Trace elements in these sample types are often at extremely low levels. Effective analytical procedures require the utmost care in sample preparation and analysis to ensure suitable quality data.
Hydrogeochemistry
Ground and surface waters are important media for the geochemical exploration of many different styles of mineralization. Water-transported (hydromorphic) metals can develop anomalous concentrations; trace metal analysis in water can reveal hidden mineralization directly (i.e., in the dissolved phase) and by adsorption/precipitation reactions with suspended and bed-load stream sediments (i.e., the labile fraction). Geochemical analysis of natural waters is available using High Resolution-ICP-MS to achieve ppt ranges for most trace elements. ALS offers a highly attractive analytical package, which includes everything required to carry out a hydrogeochemical survey, and includes the following: Acid-washed and labeled sample bottle pairs (500mL natural sample, 250mL field acidified sample) High purity nitric acid ampules to acidify the metals aliquot Disposable 45 um filters with syringes for field filtration Coolers and ice packs for sample storage and transport Deionized water jugs for field cleaning and field blanks Trace element analysis by HR-ICP-MS Major cations by ICP-AES Anions (F, Cl, Br, SO4, NO3 and NO2) by ion chromatography pH, Alkalinity by titration Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids Hg by cold vapor AFS
High Resolution ICP-MS for Natural Waters

Analytes & Detection Limits (ug/L)
Ag Al As B Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Co Cr Cs Cu 0.005 0.9 0.05 5 0.1 0.005 0.05 0.05 mg/L 0.005 0.05 0.5 0.005 0.5 Fe Ga Hg K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Ni P Pb Rb 0.03 mg/L 0.05 0.05 2 mg/L 0.2 0.1 mg/L 0.2 0.05 2 mg/L 0.2 0.3 mg/L 0.05 0.02 Re Sb Se Si Sn Sr Te Th Ti Tl U V W 0.005 0.01 0.2 0.05 mg/L 0.2 0.05 0.01 0.005 0.2 0.002 0.002 0.05 0.01 Y Zn Zr TDS Alkalinity pH Br Cl F NO2 NO3 SO4 0.005 0.9 0.05 3 mg/L 1 mg/L 0.1 units 0.05 mg/L 0.5 mg/L 0.02 mg/L 0.001 mg/L 0.005 mg/L 0.5 mg/L ME-MS14HR 200.00
CODE
Conductivity 2 uS/cm
sample Preparation
Biogeochemistry
Plants may be viewed as geochemical sampling devices, with root systems that can selectively adsorb elements from a large 3D section of soil, groundwater and even bedrock. Typically, the relationship between the chemistry of a plant and that of the soil the plant grows in isnt one-to-one due to biological effects. The differences in element distribution and uptake in plants provide complementary information to soil surveys and may concentrate elements of interest where they are not present in soils. ALS Geochemistry can help you find resources on designing vegetation surveys and special preparation for various vegetation tissue types. Please contact client services for more information. Results are reported on vegetation samples following a nitric/hydrochloric acid digestion on 1g of sample. Due to permit requirements, vegetation samples are not available for return to the client. 39 Elements in Vegetation by Nitric/Hydrochloric, ICP-AES and ICP-MS
ANALYTES & DETECTION LIMITS (ppm)
Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs 0.002 0.01% 0.1 0.0002 10 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.01% 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.5 0.05 Cu Fe Ga Ge Hf Hg In K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na 0.01 0.001% 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.001 0.01 0.01% 0.01 0.1 0.001% 1 0.01 0.001% Nb Ni P Pb Pd Pt Rb Re S Sb Sc Se Sn Sr 0.05 0.1 0.001% 0.01 0.002 0.001 0.1 0.001 0.01% 0.02 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Ta Te Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn Zr 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.001% 0.02 0.01 1 0.05 0.005 0.1 0.1 ME-VEG41 23.35 Sold only as a complete package.
BiogeoCheMistry
CODE
REEs may be added on request.
23
sample Preparation
lithogeoCheMistry
24
Analyses related to lithogeochemistry, alteration minerals and trace element mobility are important tools to understanding geological environments. ALS offers several comprehensive analytical packages that are designed to provide comprehensive information for these studies; essentially complete rock characterization.
Whole Rock Analysis Major and Trace Elements

The nature of lithophile elements and the matrices in which they occur require stronger dissolution procedures. The most accurate results will therefore be obtained using fusions as the dissolution procedure or through direct analysis. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) is the preferred technique for major and minor elements; however, ICP-AES can also be used effectively when following a fusion. ICP-MS is still the preferred method for trace element analyses. 14 Elements by Lithium Metaborate Fusion, XRF or ICP-AES
ANALYTES AND RANGES (%)
SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO 0.01-100 0.01-100 0.01-100 0.01-100 MgO Na2O K 2O Cr2O3 0.01-100 0.01-100 0.01-100 0.01-100 TiO2 MnO P 2O 5 SrO 0.01-100 0.01-100 0.01-100 0.01-100 BaO LOI 0.01-100 0.01-100
CODE
ME-XRF06
29.75 ME-ICP06
A lithium borate fusion of the sample prior to acid dissolution and ICP-MS analysis provides the most quantitative analysis approach for a broad suite of elements. This technique solubilizes most mineral species, including those that are highly refractory. Options for adding the whole rock elements from an ICP-AES analysis of the fusion or base metals from a separate four acid digestion are available. 31 Elements by Lithium Borate Fusion, ICP-MS
ANALYTES AND RANGES (ppm)
Ba Ce Cr Cs Dy Er Eu Ga Gd 0.5-10,000 0.5-10,000 10-10,000 0.01-10,000 0.05-1,000 0.03-1,000 0.03-1,000 0.1-1,000 0.05-1,000 Hf Ho La Lu Nb Nd Pr Rb Sm 0.2-10,000 0.01-1,000 0.5-10,000 0.01-1,000 0.2-2,500 0.1-10,000 0.03-1,000 0.2-10,000 0.03-1,000 Sn Sr Ta Tb Th Tl Tm U V 1-10,000 0.1-10,000 0.1-2,500 0.01-1,000 0.05-1,000 0.5-1,000 0.01-1,000 0.05-1,000 5-10,000 ME-MS81d 1-10,000 2-10,000 ME-4ACD81 7.15 41.25 W Y Yb Zr 1-10,000 0.5-10,000 0.03-1,000 2-10,000 ME-MS81 29.50
CODE
Combination of Rare Earth & Trace Elements from method ME-MS81 plus whole rock package by method ME-ICP06. Ag As Cd 0.5-100 5-10,000 0.5-1,000 Co Cu Li 1-10,000 1-10,000 10-10,000 Mo Ni Pb 1-10,000 1-10,000 2-10,000 Sc Zn
sample Preparation
Complete Characterization Package

By combining a number of methods into one cost effective package, a complete sample characterization is obtained. This package combines the whole rock package ME-ICP06 plus carbon and sulfur by combustion furnace (ME-IR08) to quantify the major elements in a sample. Trace elements including the full rare earth element suites are reported from three digestions with either ICP-AES or ICP-MS finish: a lithium borate fusion for the resistive elements (ME-MS81), a four acid digestion for the base metals (ME-4ACD81) and an aqua regia digestion for the volatile gold related trace elements (ME-MS42). A minimum sample quantity of 10 g is needed. Au is analyzed separately see page 10. 63 Elements by Optimized Digestions and Instrumental Finishes
ANALYTES AND RANGES (ppm)
SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO Ba Ce Cr Cs Dy Er Eu Ga Gd Ag Cd Co As Bi C 0.01-100% 0.01-100% 0.01-100% 0.01-100% 0.5-10,000 0.5-10,000 10-10,000 0.01-10,000 0.05-1,000 0.03-1,000 0.03-1,000 0.1-1,000 0.05-1,000 0.5-100 0.5-1,000 1-10,000 0.1-250 0.01-250 0.01-50% MgO Na2O K 2O Cr2O3 Hf Ho La Lu Nb Nd Pr Rb Sm Cu Li Mo Hg Sb S 0.01-100% 0.01-100% 0.01-100% 0.01-100% 0.2-10,000 0.01-1,000 0.5-10,000 0.01-1,000 0.2-2,500 0.1-10,000 0.03-1,000 0.2-10,000 0.03-1,000 1-10,000 10-10,000 1-10,000 0.005-25 0.05-250 0.01-50% TiO2 MnO P 2O 5 SrO Sn Sr Ta Tb Th Tl Tm U V Ni Pb Sc Se 0.01-100% 0.01-100% 0.01-100% 0.01-100% 1-10,000 0.1-10,000 0.1-2,500 0.01-1,000 0.05-1,000 0.5-1,000 0.01-1,000 0.05-1,000 5-10,000 1-10,000 2-10,000 1-10,000 0.2-250 Te 0.01-250 ME-MS42 ME-IR08 Zn 2-10,000 ME-4ACD81 W Y Yb Zr 1-10,000 0.5-10,000 0.03-1,000 2-10,000 ME-MS81 CCP-PKG01 65.45 Sold only as a complete package. BaO LOI 0.01-100% 0.01-100% ME-ICP06
lithogeoCheMistry
CODE
Isotopic Analysis and Age Dating

Element isotope concentrations may be used to determine age or provenance of minerals and whole rock powders. Increasingly, unique isotopic signatures related to specific styles of mineralization and alteration are being documented in a wide variety of deposit types.
ANALYTES DESCRIPTION Code price per sample ($)
Light Stable Isotopes: Fluid Source

Carbon and Oxygen In Carbonate Minerals
MDRU
Mineral Deposit Research Unit
UBC
Newly developed method offered in partnership with the Mineral Deposit Research Unit (MDRU) at the University of British Columbia. CO2 isotopic composition is determined specifically on carbonate minerals using cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. Determination of ratios d13C and d18O. Not available for high sulfide samples. Determination of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes on clay and silicate minerals using a complex gas collection procedure and determination by IRMS. Mineral provenance may be differentiated by the measurement of d34S by TC/EA and IRMS.
LS-ISTP01
35.00
Hydrogen/Oxygen
OH-ISTP01 S-ISTP01
600.00 200.00
Sulfur
Stable Isotopes: Mineral Provenance

Cu, Fe, Mo, Zn The stable metal isotopes reflect their formation conditions and may be measured to determine mineral provenance, or to differentiate between different generations of mineralization. Analysis includes acid digestion and determination by either HR-ICP-MS or MC-ICP-MS. Use element symbol in place of + when requesting this method. (+)-ISTP01 375.00/element
Geochronology: Age Determinations

Re/Os Re/Os isotope ratios are offered on molybdenite samples. Age can only be determined for rocks of >0.5 Ma, and molybdenite samples must contain >100ppm Re. Price includes molybdenite mineral separation and solvent extraction of Re and Os, with TIMS analysis. Sample should not be crushed due to steel contamination. Sm/Nd dates can be determined on whole rock pulps when specific minerals are not available. Column separation and MC-ICP-MS determination. When uranium bearing minerals are available, U/Pb geochronology may be used for accurate dating. Samples must be supplied as a good quality mineral separate. The procedure includes digestion and MC-ICP-MS analysis, with Hg separation if necessary. Offered for dating of galena mineral separates or mineral provenance of other Pb-bearing minerals using acid digestion and HR-ICP-MS. May require Hg separation. Re-ISTP01 2,400.00
Sm/Nd U/Pb
Nd-ISTP01
750.00
U-ISTP01
375.00
Pb/Pb
Pb-ISTP01
190.00
25
sample Preparation
ores & high graDe

26
ALS Geochemistry offers a wide range of assay methods. Procedures for the evaluation of ores and high grade materials are optimized for accuracy, precision and recovery of the target element. Methods for Ores & High Grade Materials
Ores and high grade materials contain a wide range of matrices and varying target elements. No single dissolution or analytical method is suitable for all cases. ALS Geochemistry provides a range of procedures so the preferred method can be selected. Choices include aqua regia and four acid digestions with either ICP-AES or AAS finish. XRF determination is available for Sn, W and other resistive elements and minerals that are difficult to decompose or retain in stable solutions at high concentrations. These methods may be selected individually or may be triggered automatically as over-range analyses added to multi-element geochemistry packages on request. Many other procedures are available. Please contact ALS Geochemistry staff for information.
Acid Digestions
Aqua regia is a powerful solvent for sulfides, which dissolves Ag and base metals but may not completely dissolve more resistive elements. Minimum sample weight 0.5g. Aqua Regia Digestion with ICP-AES or AAS Finish
Analytes & Ranges (%)
Ag As Cd Ag As 1-1,500ppm 0.01-60 0.001-10 1-1,500ppm 0.01-30 Co Cu Fe Bi Cu 0.001-20 0.001-40 0.01-100 0.001-30 0.001-50 Mn Mo Ni Fe Mo 0.01-50 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.01-100 0.001-10 Pb S Zn Pb Zn 0.001-20 0.01-10 0.001-30 0.001-30 0.001-60 (+)-AA46 5.95 plus 4.75/element (+)-OG46 8.35 plus 2.35/element
CODE
Four Acid Digestion, using HF, almost completely breaks down silicates which are volatilized as SiF4. The digestion will decompose all but the most resistive minerals. Minimum sample weight 0.5g. Four Acid Digestion with ICP-AES or AAS Finish
Ag As Bi Cd Ag Co 1-1,500ppm 0.001-30 0.001-30 0.001-10 1-1,500ppm 0.001-30 Co Cr Cu Fe Cu Fe 0.001-20 0.002-30 0.001-40 0.01-100 0.001-50 0.01-100 Mg Mn Mo Ni Mo Ni 0.01-50 0.01-50 0.001-10 0.001-30 0.001-10 0.001-50 Pb Zn 0.001-30 0.001-30 (+)-AA62 8.35 plus 4.75/element Pb S Zn 0.001-20 0.01-10 0.001-30 (+)-OG62 10.75 plus 2.35/element
CODE
XRF for Resistive Minerals

Some resistive minerals, particularly those containing Sn, W, Nb or Ta require a fusion for complete recovery. This method is suitable for samples with <4% sulfides. Minimum sample weight 5g. Lithium Borate Fusion with XRF Finish
Ba Nb Sb Sn 0.01-50 0.01-10 0.01-50 0.01-60 Ta Th U W 0.01-50 0.01-15 0.01-15 0.01-50 Zr 0.01-50 (+)-XRF10 14.30 plus 3.55/element
CODE
sample Preparation
Base Metals in Massive Sulfides

Assay determinations in massive sulfides present some specific challenges. ALS Geochemistry is able to offer a number of approaches including a strongly oxidizing acid digestion, a peroxide fusion and an XRF package.
Base Metals in MassiVe sulFiDes
Acid Digestion
This procedure is equivalent to the ICPORE method previously offered by OMAC Laboratories. The sample is subjected to a highly oxidizing attack with HNO3, KClO4 and HBr and the final solution in dilute aqua regia is determined by ICP-AES. Oxidizing Digestion with ICP-AES Finish
Ag As Bi Ca Cd 5-1000ppm 0.005-10 0.005-1 0.01-40 0.001-5 Co Cu Fe Hg Mg 0.001-5 0.005-30 0.01-50 0.002-1 0.01-25 Mn Mo Ni P Pb 0.005-20 0.001-5 0.001-5 0.01-10 0.01-30 S Sb Tl Zn 0.05-50 0.005-5 0.005-1 0.01-60 ME-ICPORE 24.10 complete package, 5 elements 21.75
CODE
Fusions
Sodium peroxide fusions are effective for the decomposition of sulfides, arsenides and many refractory minerals such as chromite, rutile, ilmenite and titanite. It is the method of choice for nickel sulfide deposits. Sodium Peroxide Fusion with ICP-AES Finish
Al As Ca Co 0.01-50 0.01-10 0.05-50 0.002-30 Cr Cu Fe K 0.01-30 0.005-30 0.05-70 0.1-30 Mg Mn Ni Pb 0.01-30 0.01-50 0.005-30 0.01-30 S Si Ti Zn 0.01-60 0.1-50 0.01-30 0.01-30 (+)-ICP81 36.75 complete package or 11.90 plus 2.35/element
CODE
High sulfide samples can be analyzed by XRF following a lithium borate fusion with the addition of a strong oxidizing agent. The following method is suitable for a wide range of elements in sulfide ores. Oxidizing Fusion with XRF Finish
Al2O3 As Ba Bi CaO CeO2 Co Cr Cu Fe HfO2 0.01-100 0.01-10 0.01-50 0.008-5 0.01-40 0.01-50 0.01-7 0.01-10 0.001-20 0.01-75 0.01-10 K 2O La2O3 MgO Mn Mo Nb Ni P Pb Rb S 0.01-6.3 0.01-50 0.01-40 0.01-30 0.01-2 0.001-14 0.001-20 0.01-10 0.005-16 0.005-5 0.01-20 Sb SiO2 Sn Sr TiO2 V W Y 2O3 Zn Zr 0.005-20 0.01-100 0.005-20 0.005-5 0.01-30 0.01-5.6 0.001-79 0.005-10.5 0.001-20 0.01-20 ME-XRF15b 31.50 plus 3.30/element
CODE
* A method for sulfide concentrates, ME-XRF15c, is also available.
27
sample Preparation
Copper
28
Evaluation of copper prospects may involve the need to know more about copper mineralogy and mineral solubility for metallurgical considerations. The separation of oxide/carbonate, secondary chalcocite and primary sulfide minerals compared to the total copper is useful in determining leachability of copper in a deposit. This information can be obtained by sequential leaching of the sample and may be augmented by direct mineralogical determination.
Copper Procedures
Mineral Selective Methods and Sequential Leaches
Copper oxide minerals such as malachite, azurite, chrysocolla and portions of cuprite and tenorite can be leached using sulfuric acid, to identify the acid soluble copper. Cyanide leach will dissolve the secondary chalcocite, bornite and a portion of the chalcopyrite content of the sample, while the majority of the sulfide minerals will remain in the residue analyzed at the end of a sequential leach. The minerals dissolved in each leach may vary depending on the sample matrix and specific mineralogy. ALS Geochemistry provides custom methods using different leach conditions upon request. Mineral Selective Copper Methods
ANALYTE
Cu Oxides Nonsulfide Cu Cu Oxides Quick Leach Cu Cu Cyanide Leach Sequential Cu Leach Package
RANGE (ppm)
0.01-10% 0.001-10% 0.001-100% 0.01-100% 0.1-2000 Various
DESCRIPTION
Citric acid leach with AAS finish, 0.25g sample weight. Dilute sulfuric acid leach and AAS finish, 1g sample weight. Sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite leach, AAS finish. 1g sample weight. Quick leach using H2SO4 and ferric sulfate, AAS finish. 1g sample weight. Cyanide leach and AAS finish. 30g nominal sample weight. Cu results are reported for sulfuric acid soluble, cyanide soluble, and total Cu on final residue.
CODE
Cu-AA04 Cu-AA05 Cu-AA07n Cu-AA08q Cu-AA13 Cu-PKG06LI
PRICE PER SAMPLE ($)

11.90 11.90 11.90 12.70 14.60 35.70
Total Copper Methods

The non-leachable portion of copper ore, or Cu in unoxidized sulfides, requires a strong acid digestion for full decomposition. Trace, Assay and Concentrate Copper Methods
ANALYTE
Trace Cu Trace Cu Cu Assay Cu Assay Cu Concentrate
RANGE (ppm)
1-10,000 2-10,000 0.001-40% 0.001-50% 0.001-40% 0.001-50% 0.01-100%
DESCRIPTION
Aqua regia digestion and ICP or AAS finish. Four acid digestion and ICP or AAS finish. Aqua regia digestion and ICP or AAS finish. Four acid digestion and ICP or AAS finish. HNO3-HCl-HF-H2SO4 acid digestion followed by titration. Cu-CON02 done in duplicate.
CODE
Cu-ICP41 Cu-AA45 Cu-ICP61 Cu-AA61 Cu-OG46 Cu-AA46 Cu-OG62 Cu-AA62 Cu-VOL61 Cu-CON02

5.90 each 8.30 each 10.70 each 13.10 each 41.70 71.45
sample Preparation
rare earth MethoDs
Many rare earth elements and rare metals occur in oxide and silicate minerals particularly resistant to acid digestion, so fusion is usually the preferred method of decomposition. ALS Geochemistry offers ICP-MS and XRF determinations of these special commodities. Rare Earth Elements and Rare Metals
Rare Earth Elements
Rare Earths by ICP-MS
Ce Dy Er Eu 0.5-10,000 0.05-1,000 0.03-1,000 0.03-1,000 Gd Ho La Lu 0.05-1,000 0.01-1,000 0.5-10,000 0.01-1,000 Nd Pr Sm Tb 0.1-10,000 0.03-1,000 0.03-1,000 0.01-1,000 Tm Y Yb 0.01-1,000 0.5-10,000 0.03-1,000 ME-MS81 29.50
CODE
* Additional elements available. See page 24.
For high-grade and mineralized rare earth samples, high sample to volume ratios are utilized to improve precision. Certified high grade rare earth reference materials are used as part of the standard protocol. Mineralized Rare Earths by ICP-MS
Ce* Dy* Er Eu Gd* Hf 3-50,000 0.3-5,000 0.2-5,000 0.2-5,000 0.3-5000 1-50,000 Ho La* Lu Nb Nd* Pr* 0.05-5,000 3-50,000 0.05-5,000 1-5,000 0.5-50,000 0.2-5,000 Rb Sm* Sn Ta Tb* Th 1-50,000 0.2-5,000 5-50,000 0.5-5,000 0.05-5,000 0.3-5,000 Tm U W Y Yb Zr 0.05-5,000 0.3-5,000 5-50,000 3-50,000 0.2-5,000 10-50,000 ME-MS81h 47.25
CODE
* These elements may be determined up to 30% by ME-OGREE. Please enquire for details.
Mineralized Rare Earths by XRF

CeO2 Dy2O3 Er2O3 Eu2O3 Gd2O3 0.01-50 0.01-10 0.01-10 0.01-10 0.01-10 Ho2O2 La2O3 Lu2O3 Nd2O3 Pr6O11 0.01-10 0.01-50 0.01-10 0.01-10 0.01-10 Sm2O3 Tb4O7 Tm2O3 Y Yb2O3 0.01-10 0.01-10 0.01-10 0.01-10 0.01-10 ME-XRF30 31.50 plus 3.30/element
CODE
* Other elements are available with this method at an additional $3.30 per element. Please enquire for more details.
Uncommon and Rare Metals

Beryllium, lithium and boron have many high-tech applications in electronics, engineering and pharmaceuticals. They require specialized digestions and instrument methods for precise and accurate measurement. Beryllium, Lithium and Boron Methods
ANALYTE
Be Li Li B B
RANGE (ppm)
0.01%-100% 0.005%-10% 10-3000 10-10,000 20-10,000
DESCRIPTION
Sodium peroxide fusion and ICP finish. Four acid digestion and ICP or AAS finish Lithium brine analysis using ICP-OES. Other elements reported from this method. HNO3 and HF digest with ICP finish. NaOH fusion and ICP finish.
CODE
Be-ICP81 Li-OG63 ME-ICP15 B-ICP69 B-ICP82

11.90 11.75 34.50 20.00 20.80
Tin, tungsten, niobium and tantalum tend to occur in extremely resistive pegmatites that require fusion for complete dissolution. XRF for Resistive Elements
Nb 0.01-10 Sn 0.01-60 Ta 0.01-50 W 0.01-50
CODE
ME-XRF10

29
sample Preparation
iron ore
30
The ALS Iron Ore Technical Centre is the first of its kind globally, which in addition to the provision of geochemical, metallurgical and mineralogical services, provides ancillary specialty testing services to the global Iron Ore sector. The ALS Iron Ore Technical Centre provides seamless integration of exploration geochemistry, metallurgy and mineralogical test work with industry leading technical innovation.
Iron Ore Technical Centre

Through the establishment in Perth, Western Australia of a large purpose-built, centralized facility with analytical processing capacity in excess of 10,000 samples per day, ALS provides a quantum expansion of geochemical and metallurgical testing capacity enabling ALS to exceed industry best standards on turnaround times and technical service. With industry leading expertise in geochemistry, mineralogy and metallurgy, the ALS Group can provide you with a wide range of Iron Ore testing, certification and inspection services from exploration and resource definition to process optimization, prefeasibility, feasibility and production support services: Geochemistry Metallurgical process development and optimization Ore characterization and beneficiation Continuous pilot plant testing Advanced mineralogy including spectral imaging Environmental analyses Used oil analysis Shipment certification and inspection of concentrates Mine site laboratories for grade/mill control The ALS Iron Ore Technical Centre provides unprecedented specialty technical services to the global Iron Ore sector from one unique, purpose-built facility and welcomes the opportunity to provide a comprehensive tour and review of the operation. Please contact your local client services staff for more information.
HyLogging
ALS was the first commercial laboratory to install HyLogging spectral analysis technology for rapid, robotic scanning of iron ore drill core, chips and powder. This technology is used for a range of applications from logging and archiving core, mineral exploration, and mine planning, to geometallurgy and mineral processing. The instrument generates digital images and surface spectra. Associated software interprets the spectrometer data to produce mineralogical information. Macro images of core sections and drill hole mosaics are produced to allow geologists to identify changes in color and structure over the full depth of the drill hole. Derived data is readily exported into three-dimensional (3D) visualization and mine planning packages to allow geologists to combine multiple drill-hole results and accurately characterize and map mineral systems relevant to geometallurgical and geotechnical requirements. The HyLogging instrument can log on average 150m of core per day scanning for iron oxide/hydroxide group minerals; aluminium/ silicates/magnesium hydroxide group minerals; sulfates; carbonates and more. Chip samples can be measured in their original trays and are scanned in groups of sixty samples, allowing approximately 20003000 samples to be logged per day.
sample Preparation
Iron Ore Procedures

X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) is the method of choice for the analysis of oxide iron ores. The lithium borate fusion technique, coupled with XRF, offers a robust and repeatable method, consistent with industry requirements. The relatively low flux to sample ratio offers good sensitivity for the majority of elements and creates a matrix which is not subject to particle size effects. With very few spectral interferences and high instrument stability, the XRF method delivers highly accurate and precise results across the full range of iron oxide ore types. Loss on Ignition (LOI) is a critical component of iron ore analysis. LOI determination allows a better understanding of mineral composition of the ore and how it will behave during processing. Single temperature or multi temperature LOI determinations are available. Temperatures can be customized as required. XRF Iron Ore Analysis
Al2O3 As Ba CaO Cl Co Cr203 Cu Fe 0.01-100 0.001-1.5 0.001-10 0.01-40 0.001-6 0.001-5 0.0006-10 0.001-1.5 0.01-75 K 2O MgO Mn Na2O Ni P Pb S SiO2 0.001-6.3 0.01-40 0.001-25 0.005-8 0.001-8 0.001-10 0.001-2 0.001-5 0.01-100 Furnace Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) OA-GRA05x OA-GRA05t ME-GRA05 5.25 plus 3.15/temperature 5.25 plus 3.15/temperature Sn Sr TiO2 V Zn Zr 0.001-1.5 0.001-1.5 0.01-30 0.001-5 0.001-1.5 0.001-1 Fused disc XRF ME-XRF21n (normalized) ME-XRF21u (un-normalized)
iron ore
DESCRIPTION
CODE
39.40 LOI must be done as part of this procedure.
Loss on Ignition LOI (0.01%) at 371C, 425C, 550C, 650C and 1000C Moisture at 110C
Magnetite and Magnetic Separate Analysis Davis Tube Recovery (DTR)

The preparation for analysis of magnetic separates requires a rigid and complex protocol involving a staged wet sieving process and the use of a Davis Tube to provide a beneficiated sample representative of large scale metallurgical processes. Procedures are often varied and very specific to individual ore types encountered. Prior to commencement of any project, it is highly recommended that clients discuss their requirements with ALS staff to determine the optimum protocol for their particular ore type. DTR and Associated Procedures for Iron Ore
Analyte
Multi-Stage Weight sieving and pulverizing Wash time and Mass recovery Weight of DTR Fractions DTR Fe Recovery XRF Analysis on DTR Fractions - Head - Concentrate - Tails FeO (0.01%) - Ferrous Iron by Titration Magnetic Susceptibility
Code
DTR-PREP DTR-REC WT-DTR DTR-FeRec ME-XRF21h ME-XRF21c ME-XRF21t Fe-VOL05 MAG-SUS

By Quotation By Quotation 39.40 each 21.10 25.00
Grind Curve Confirmation tests are also available including laser sizing, cyclo-sizing and wet screening.
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sample Preparation
BauXites & laterites

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Bauxite is the most common ore from which alumina is commercially extracted. Gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore are the predominant aluminum rich minerals which co-exist with goethite, hematite and kaolinite in bauxite ore. Nickel laterites form similarly to bauxites and share similar analytical procedures.
Aluminium Ore (Bauxite) Procedures

The internationally recognized method for analysis of major and minor elements in bauxite is X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Bauxite ore is typically very hygroscopic and therefore Loss on Ignition (LOI) determination and moisture correction is an important part of the analysis. Results are reported on a dry weight (110C) basis by default. Fusion and XRF Finish for Bauxite Ores
Al2O3 BaO CaO Cr203 Fe2O3 K 2O MgO MnO Na2O Loss on Ignition Loss on Ignition 0.01-100 0.01-10 0.01-40 0.001-10 0.01-100 0.001-6.3 0.01-40 0.01-31 0.01-5.3 Furnace Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) OA-GRA05x OA-GRA05t 5.25 plus 3.15/temperature 5.25 plus 3.15/temperature P 2O 5 SiO2 SO3 SrO TiO2 V 2O 5 Zn ZrO2 0.01-23 0.01-100 0.01-12.5 0.01-1.5 0.01-30 0.01-8 0.01-1.6 0.01-1.5 Fused disc XRF ME-XRF13n (normalized) ME-XRF13u (un-normalized) 39.40 LOI determination must be done as part of procedure.
DESCRIPTION
CODE
Reactive Silica and Available Alumina

The reactive silica and available alumina, determined using pressure controlled caustic leach at elevated temperature, provides important information on the economic extractability of the ore using the Bayer process. Reactive Silica and Available Alumina Methods
ANALYTES (%)
Total Organic Carbon (Non Carbonate Carbon) Reactive Silica Available Alumina
DESCRIPTION
TOC by Combustion Furnace. Microwave digestion, chemical separation/ICP-AES analysis.*
CODE
C-IR17 Si-LICP01 Al-LICP01

29.75 17.85 16.10
*Digestion temperature, caustic strength and sample weight/caustic strength ratio to be specified by client.
Screening and Beneficiation

ALS Geochemistry can conduct multi screen sizing and subsequent analysis of size fractions to determine the optimum screen size for bauxite recovery. ALS Geochemistry can also conduct the subsequent wet beneficiation using a selected single screen. Please contact client services for further information.
Nickel Laterite
The industry preferred technique for resource definition of nickel laterite ore deposits is X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The comprehensive analysis of laterite ores for major and minor elements is critical in evaluating project economics and for metallurgical process control. Loss On Ignition (LOI) determination using a Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) is also an important component of the total analysis. Fusion and XRF finish for Nickel Laterite Ores
Al2O3 CaO Co Cr2O3 Cu 0.01-100 0.01-40 0.001-7 0.005-10 0.001-1.6 Fe2O3 K 2O MgO MnO Na2O 0.01-100 0.01-6.3 0.01-50 0.005-30 0.01-5.3 Ni P 2O 5 Pb SiO2 TiO2 0.005-7.8 0.005-23 0.005-1.8 0.05-100 0.01-30 Furnace Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) Fused disc XRF. Zn 0.001-1.6
DESCRIPTION
CODE
ME-XRF12n (normalized) ME-XRF12u (un-normalized) OA-GRA05x OA-GRA05t

39.40 LOI determination must be done as part of procedure. 5.25 plus 3.15/temperature 5.25 plus 3.15/temperature
Loss on Ignition Loss on Ignition
sample Preparation
Other Target Elements and Commodities

Phosphates
Phosphate is an important commodity because of its role in agriculture as a fertilizer. The method below determines total P2O5 in a sample. Procedures specific to the fertilizer industry are also available. XRF Methods for Phosphate ores
Al2O3 CaO Fe2O3 0.01-100 0.01-60 0.01-100 K 2O MgO MnO2 0.01-10 0.01-50 0.01-48 Na2O P 2O 5 SiO2 0.01-11 0.01-50 0.01-100 Furnace Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) OA-GRA05x OA-GRA05t 5.25 plus 3.15/temperature 5.25 plus 3.15/temperature TiO2 0.01-30 Fused disc XRF.
other target eleMents
DESCRIPTION
CODE
ME-XRF24

39.40
Loss on Ignition Loss on Ignition
Uranium
ALS Geochemistry has standardized screening and handling protocols throughout its network of laboratories to ensure that any NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) samples received can be rapidly identified and are handled in a manner meeting all appropriate regulations with respect to transportation, workplace safety and environmental regulations. Uranium Specific Procedures
Analyte
U U U
RANGE (ppm)
4-10,000 0.01%-15% 0.2-10,000
DESCRIPTION
U by pressed pellet, XRF. U by lithium borate fusion, XRF. U by neutron activation.
Code
U-XRF05 U-XRF10 U-NAA05 ME-MS41u ME-MS61u

11.90 17.85 35.70 33.30 40.25
51 elements including U (0.05 - 10,000 ppm). Elements and ranges are summarized in the table for method ME-MS41 on page 15. 48 elements including U (0.1 - 10,000 ppm). Elements and ranges are summarized in the table for method ME-MS61 on page 16.
Industrial Minerals
Industrial minerals analysis commonly deals with unusual matrices and highly refractory components. As a result, aggressive digestions are selected to ensure complete homogeneity of the analytical sub-sample leaving no residual sample. Industrial Minerals Procedures
Ore/Product
Cementitious Materials Limestone, Dolomite, Magnesite, Magnesia Rutile Product
Analytes
CaO, SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, Mn2O3, Na2O, K 2O, SO3, MgO, TiO2, Cr2O3, P2O5, SrO, LOI CaO, MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, LOI TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, MgO, MnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, SiO2, V 2O5, ZrO2, LOI (Other elements available on request) TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, MgO, MnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, SiO2, V 2O5, ZrO2, LOI (Other elements available on request) TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, MgO, MnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, SiO2, V 2O5, ZrO2, LOI (Other elements available on request) TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, MgO, MnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, SiO2, V 2O5, ZrO2, LOI (Other elements available on request)
DESCRIPTION
Fusion, ICP-AES Fusion, ICP-AES Fusion, ICP-AES
CODE
ME-ICP91 ME-ICP86 ME-ICP82

42.00 42.00 36.75 plus 21.00/element
Zircon Product
Fusion, ICP-AES
ME-ICP83
Ilmenite Product
Fusion, ICP-AES
ME-ICP84
Intermediate Plant Flows
Fusion, ICP-AES
ME-ICP94
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sample Preparation
ConCentrates
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Analysis of mine concentrate and metallurgical samples is critical for the purchase and sale of commodities as well as the optimization of the recovery process. With so much riding on a correct result, control assays require meticulous work by highly trained technicians. The results must be of the highest caliber for reliability, accuracy and precision.
Concentrates, Metallurgical Materials and Bullion Analysis

Wherever ALS Geochemistry performs work on commercial grade materials, the facilities are carefully separated and dedicated for such work. ALS Geochemistry employs highly trained and experienced registered assayers to oversee the work. All such work is performed using classical techniques, analyzed in duplicate as a minimum to assure quality. In addition to concentrate work, our specialty assay facilities are available for the analysis of precious metal bullions and other metallurgical materials such as carbon from leach circuits. Precious Metal Concentrates and Bullions
Analyte
Au Ag Pt Pd Au Ag
Range (ppm)*
0.07-999,985 0.7-995,000 0.07-1,000,000 0.01-1,000 fineness
Description
Au and Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish. May be determined separately or together from the same fused bead. Pt and Pd by fire assay and AAS finish. May be determined separately or together from the same fused bead. Routine bullion assays by fire assay with gravimetric finish.
Code
Au-CON01 Ag-CON01 Pt-CON01 Pd-CON01 Au-GRA24 Ag-GRA24

82.50 each 86.40 71.45 126.00 each
*At your request, precious metals reporting units can be specified as ppb, ppm, g/t or oz/t
Volumetric Methods High-Precision Classical Titration

Analyte
Cu Zn Pb Fe FeO
Range (%)
0.01-100 0.01-100 0.01-100 0.01-100 0.01-100
Description
Cu Concentrate - Volumetric. Zn by Titration. Pb by Titration. Total Fe in Concentrates. FeO (Ferrous Iron).
Code
Cu-VOL61 Zn-VOL50 Pb-VOL70 Fe-VOL51 Fe-VOL05

41.70 23.85 35.70 42.60 21.10
Major Minor and Trace Elements in High-Grade Ores and Concentrates

ALS Geochemistry has multi-element procedures specifically designed for this application. Please keep in mind that matrix and concentrate elements may create interferences that may prevent some analytes from being available for reporting. Major, Minor and Trace Elements in Concentrates
Ag Al As Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs Cu 0.1-1,000 0.02%-100% 2-100,000 50-100,000 0.5-10,000 0.1-100,000 0.05%-100% 0.2-5,000 0.1-5,000 1-100,000 10,100,000 0.5-5,000 2-100,000 Fe Ga Ge Hf In K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb 0.02%-100% 0.5-5,000 0.5-5,000 1-5,000 0.05-2,500 0.02%-100% 5-5,000 2-5,000 0.02%-100% 10-100,000 0.5-100,000 0.02%-100% 1-5,000 Ni P Pb Rb Re S Sb Sc Se Sn Sr Ta Te 2-100,000 100-100,000 5-100,000 1-5,000 0.02-500 0.05%-10% 0.5-10,000 1-10,000 10-10,000 2-5,000 2-100,000 0.5-1,000 0.5-5,000 Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn Zr 2-5,000 0.01%-100% 0.2-5,000 1-10,000 5-100,000 1-100,000 1-5,000 20-100,000 5-5,000 ME-MS61c 238.15
Code
* An aqua regia digestion option, ME-MS41c, is also available.
sample Preparation
aCiD- Base aCCounting
The storage of overburden, waste rock and mine water materials at mine sites must be carefully planned to minimize the environmental impact of mining operations. Samples may be tested to predict their acid producing or neutralizing potential, thus allowing responsible mine planning.
Acid-Base Accounting (ABA) Procedures

Acid-base accounting, also called static testing, aims to predict the drainage chemistry of mine waste rock and tailings. The procedures calculate a neutralization potential, representing the ability of a body of rock to produce acidic drainage or to consume free acid and neutralize it. Sulfide minerals such as pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite in mine waste material react with water and oxygen to produce sulfuric acid, which may in turn leach metals from the same material and introduce them into the environment. Samples with abundant neutralizing minerals such as calcite and dolomite may act to increase natural pH in waters and prevent any acid and metal run-off. Mineralogy of the sample will affect the accuracy of the ABA prediction. The presence of siderite (iron carbonate) may overestimate neutralizing potential of a sample if acid is introduced. Sulfates such as gypsum and barite will cause overestimation of the sulfur if a total sulfur measurement is used. Some samples may contain minerals which are not sulfide but which are acid-producing. There are carbonate minerals that do not neutralize the sample, as well as non-carbonate buffering minerals such as biotite and chlorite. Mineralogical knowledge of the sample is an important augmentation to the static ABA tests. ALS Geochemistry offers a number of options for the determination of the Net Neutralization Potential (NNP), including the original method described by Sobek for the US EPA, the modification on Sobek by Lawrence and Wang, and a correction for the presence of siderite, which may cause overestimation of NNP in the Sobek method. Acid-Base Accounting Packages
Parameters
Net Neutralization Potential (NNP) Maximum Potential Acidity (MPA) Neutralization Potential (NP) & Fizz Ratio (NP : MPA) Paste pH Total Sulfur HCl-leachable Sulfate Sulfide * Total Sulfate (Carbonate Leach) Inorganic Carbon (CO2) Sobek Package M Modified Sobek Package S Siderite Correction Package 77.40 133.50 133.50 101.90 158.40 158.40 130.15 186.70 186.70
Sobek Method Package Code ABA-PKG01 (m/s) ABA-PKG02 (m/s) ABA-PKG03 ABA-PKG04
121.10 177.60 177.60
ABA-PKG05**
149.35 205.90 205.90
* Sulfide is determined by calculation by default. If you would prefer sulfide determined by an analytical procedure then add A to the package code for an additional cost of $20.00. ** For MEND NP method, request ABA-PKG05B.
Net Acid Generation (NAG) provides a quantitative estimation of the amount of acid that can be generated by mine waste rock or tailings where the NNP does not, provided the rock is acid-generating and not acid-neutralizing. In order to analyze for metals in the leachate in addition to the NAG test, a full second leach must be performed and the procedure will be charged twice. Net Acid Generation Method
description
Net Acid Generation (NAG) - Hydrogen peroxide is used to facilitate the rapid oxidation of sulfide. NAG is reported in kg H2SO4/tonne at pH 4.5 and pH 7.0.
Code
OA-VOL11

119.05
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sample Preparation
Mine site serViCes

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Remote projects require a high degree of support and logistical consideration. Where project location creates a logistic barrier to shipping large samples to the laboratory, or where the sample volume is such that it is more economical to process or pre-process samples on-site, ALS Geochemistry offers a carefully designed MOBILE SAMPLE PREPARATION LABORATORY solution for setting up on-site facilities. In some situations, on-site analytical capability is required.
Custom Mobile Sample Preparation Laboratories

ALS provides Mobile Sample Preparation expertise for remote project support. Mobile Sample Preparation Laboratories are manufactured by ALS Geochemistry for ALS clients - many of which are currently in operation around the globe. Both standard sample preparation configurations and more customised solutions for clients whose requirements are more unique are available via the experienced manufacturing team. Complete Mobile Sample Preparation Laboratories can be manufactured in 6 to 8 weeks. ALS operates hub manufacturing facilities in Johannesburg, South Africa and Perth, Western Australia. All equipment is brand new with the exception of the container modules which are fabricated using reconditioned standard 20 foot or 40 foot shipping containers. The container housing the laboratory is configured in such a way that it qualifies as a standard 20 foot or 40 foot shipping container which can be moved using standard container handling equipment. A dust collector manifold is shipped in the container with all the preparation equipment. This allows for complete installation of the entire system in a matter of hours. An ALS Geochemistry supervisor will be on-site for the installation of the facility, typically less than 2 days, after a suitable small concrete pad (or alternative site preparation) has been constructed. ALS Mobile Sample Preparation solutions consist of either a standard 10 foot by 20 foot, or a 10 foot by 40 foot standard shipping container which is converted into a mobile sample preparation facility comprising: Primary jaw crushers; Pulverisers; Rotary and/or riffle splitters; Working stations; Dust collection; Electric drying oven including carts; Heavy duty air compressor; Core cutting; Core layout and photography; Diesel powered generator package (100 kVA, optional); and Secure Data Management LIMS, Webtrieve, CoreViewer. Mobile Sample Preparation facilities can be easily expanded into a full service on-site analytical laboratory. ALS Geochemistry can be contracted to provide on-site training in most languages (English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian and others). Alternatively, training of client staff can be conducted at an ALS Geochemistry laboratory. Under certain conditions and given sufficient lead time, ALS Geochemistry is also able to operate such facilities on a contract basis, using ALS Geochemistry personnel.
Contact
Please contact our client services team at the ALS Minerals laboratory nearest to you for more in-depth discussions of your custom mobile sample preparation laboratory project. E: minesitelab@alsglobal.com
sample Preparation
on- site laBs
ALS Mine Site delivers the full range of ALS Minerals division testing capabilities with signature ALS Quality, Service and Deliverables at mine sites globally - irrespective of remoteness. Partnering with ALS Mine Site provides peace of mind that design, establishment, commissioning and daily laboratory management will be completed to the same high standard that characterizes all ALS Minerals facilities.
Mine Site Laboratory Services

ALS designs, installs and operates dedicated mine site laboratories at mining projects that are Fit for Purpose, in some of the most remote key mining locations around the world. Mine site laboratory services are tailored to suit project requirements. ALS mine site laboratories provide finger tip access to world-class data to assist in making better strategic and operational decisions. The state-of-the-art equipment used in ALS mine site laboratories is consistent with that in ALS commercial analytical geochemistry laboratories, ensuring the same reliable and superior outcomes are delivered. Applying the principles, procedures and quality standards to the operation of mine site laboratories offers clients the assurance and convenience that demands will be met with the utmost of customer care. ALS mine site laboratories are operated by experienced personnel with full support from an extensive global laboratory network of over 75 ALS Geochemistry facilities. Access to global ALS management experience, coupled with sufficient staffing and equipment levels, ensures high quality data is delivered on time.
Mine Site Laboratory Services:

Design & build new mine site laboratories; Expand, debottleneck, optimize &/or update existing mine site laboratories; Mobile laboratory facilities for both sample preparation & analysis; Expand mobile sample preparation facilities into full service analytical laboratories; Operate, manage & maintain mine site laboratories, new & existing; Near mine site laboratory analyses solutions; Grade control analyses; Exploration analyses; Metallurgical process plant control analyses; Mineral sample preparation; Physical testing; Fire assay; Wet chemistry; Instrumentation including AAS, ICP-AES/MS, XRF, TGA, LECO; BLEG, LeachWELL; Secure Data Management LIMS, Webtrieve, CoreViewer; Laboratory audits; Inventory management (consumables, purchasing); Training and consulting; and Sample collection; Moisture analysis, Bulk Density, SG & particle size distributions.
Auxiliary supporting testing and inspection services include:

Environmental analysis for water, soil, tailings; Metallurgical testwork for process optimization analysis; Advanced mineralogy technologies; Oil condition monitoring for the mining fleet; and Commercial settlement analyses through inspection of concentrate, cathode or bullion.
Contact
Please contact our client services team at the ALS Minerals laboratory nearest to you for more in-depth discussions of your mine site laboratory project. E: minesitelab@alsglobal.com
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sample Preparation
Mineralogy
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ALS Minerals provides quantitative mineralogical analysis for the exploration, mining, metallurgical and environmental sectors. Our recent acquisitions consolidate our market leading position in providing world class mineralogical services. Know more about your ore with our integrated mineralogical and metallurgical services to maximize productivity and efficiency of exploration, mineral process design and optimization, mining, production, marketing and rehabilitation processes.
Mineralogy
Mineralogy is an important component of resource evaluation and metallurgical testwork development. Analysis can be done to determine the relative proportions of valuable and gangue minerals, and their degree of liberation in the sample. This data is then used to predict, or explain, the subsequent behavior of the various classes of mineral particles, in real or simulated mineral processing operations. ALS Minerals has a market leading position in the range and capabilities of our automated mineralogy equipment, with analysis carried out using a range of technologies including MLA (Mineral Liberation Analyzer), QEMSCAN, X-ray diffraction, ParticleSCAN, and HyLogger. Our team of highly experienced professional and technical staff integrate these various analytical techniques to provide our clients with accurate, quantitative and traceable understanding of the mineralogical variability within a deposit. Our technical experts integrate quantitative mineralogy with bankable metallurgy to provide critical information for mineral process flowsheet development or optimization. Working together, our team of highly experienced mineralogists and metallurgists provide you with complete understanding of how your ore will respond to extractive processes.
Mineralogical data available from our range of technologies include: Mineral species & compositions Mineral distribution & associations Mineral grain & particle size distributions Elemental distributions of key minerals Mineralogical limiting grade recovery curves We can add value throughout the life cycle of your mining project: Exploration Prefeasibility & feasibility studies Resource & reserve determination Geometallurgy Mine planning & production scheduling Concentrator Improved res process design & optimization Pilot plant testwork support Plant control & troubleshooting Plant audits & monthly surveys Smelter management Environmental assessment Mine rehabilitation analysis Liberation & locking Textural information Color coded particle images Bulk mineral species & distributions Trace mineral identification
Mineral Name Alunite Background Chalcopyrite Fe Oxides Feldspar Gypsum Jarosite Kaolinite Micas/clays Minor Phases Pyrite Quartz Rutile
Chalcopyrite (orange) locked in coarse silicate-rich particles in a heap leach residue

Chalcopyrite (orange) locked in coarse silicate-rich particles in a heap leach residue
sample Preparation
Metallurgy
The metallurgical response of a mineral or concentrate to an extraction process is determined by a program of metallurgical testing and evaluation. Bankable metallurgical testwork from ALS Metallurgy is the key to minimizing your technical risks associated with mineral processing flowsheet development through wellplanned, well-managed, and well-executed metallurgical test work programs.
Metallurgy
In addition to the acquisition of Ammtec, a leading Australian metallurgical testwork consultancy with global recognition, ALS recently announced the acquisition of G&T Metallurgical Services. The merger of the Ammtec and G&T metallurgical testwork businesses into the portfolio of mineral services offered by ALS allows us to provide a leading range of services, at all stages of the mining life cycle. Our highly experienced technical staff operate from world class metallurgical testwork facilities based in Perth, Adelaide, Sydney, Burnie, Australia; and in Kamloops, Canada. Through laboratory bench scale and large scale pilot plant testing of ore samples, we provide data to determine how the ore responds to extractive processing, from optimization studies to scoping studies and pre-feasibility to full bankable studies, for any mineral extraction process. We work closely with our clients globally to develop and demonstrate bankable metallurgical process flowsheets designed to solve metallurgical challenges to even the most complex geology, for all commodities.
Scope of Services include:

Comprehensive bench scale mineral processing testwork laboratories including comminution & SAG testwork, flotation, gravity & magnetic separation & more Continuous pilot plant operations including AG/SAG mill, HPGR, UFG, flotation Comprehensive hydrometallurgical testing, both bench & pilot scale, including ore roasting & cracking, HPAL, heap leaching as well as SX-EW & more Advanced automated mineralogy including MLA, QEMSCAN, XRD, HyLogger Geometallurgy testwork ALS Metallurgy works closely with the international mining, engineering and financial sectors to develop and demonstrate successful mineral extraction processing strategies by providing you with an accurate understanding and evaluation of the chemical, mineralogical and metallurgical factors for all major ore types: Precious metals - gold, silver, platinum group metals Base metals - copper, cobalt, lead, zinc, molybdenum, manganese Iron ore - hematite, magnetite, goethite, itabirite Nickel - laterite & sulfide ores Uranium & thorium Rare earth minerals & other exotics Mineral sands Industrial minerals Tungsten & tin
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sample Preparation
Selected Terms & Conditions

1. Terms and Conditions Complete Terms and conditions of service are included with each service quotation provided to clients. The following lists some of the key terms and conditions that will be applicable to every quotation for work. b) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, the cumulative liability of ALS under this Agreement to the Client and any third party is limited for any claim for loss or damage whatsoever, whether arising in tort or contract or any other cause of action, to the value of the Services provided by ALS to the Client. c) Without limiting the generality of clauses 4.a) and 4.b), it is agreed that, to the full extent permitted by any applicable laws having jurisdiction, ALS will not be liable to the Client or any other person for any special, indirect or Consequential Loss arising from the Clients use of, reliance on, or benefit of, the Services or any ALS Report. d) The Client acknowledges that during the performance of the Services, any samples supplied by, or on behalf of, the Client or parts thereof may be altered, lost, damaged or destroyed. ALS will not be liable whatsoever to the Client or any third party for any samples so altered, lost, damaged or destroyed. 5. Termination a) ALS may suspend or terminate its obligations under this Agreement if (a) monies payable to ALS by the client are outstanding 60 days or more (unless otherwise agreed) after the date of invoice, (b) other substantial breach by the Client of their obligations under the Agreement, which breach is not remedied within 30 days of written notice from ALS requiring the breach to be remedied, (c) by giving the Client 60 days written notice of ALSs intention to terminate. b) The Client may terminate its obligations under this Agreement in the event of a substantial breach by ALS of its obligations under the Agreement, which breach has not been remedied within 30 days of written notice from the Client to ALS requiring the breach to be remedied. c) If ALS, acting reasonably, suspects that the Client is insolvent or is having difficulties paying its debts as and when they become due, or the Client is insolvent, ALS may give written notice to the Client of ALSs intention to immediately suspend or terminate is obligations under this Agreement. d) In the event of termination, ALS is entitled to be paid for all work performed before the date of termination and for any unavoidable commitments entered into by ALS before the date of termination. 6. Confidential Information a) Neither ALS nor the Client will disclose Confidential Information of the other party to any third party without the prior written consent of the other party, unless required by law or the rules of a relevant stock exchange. b) ALS and the Client will only use Confidential Information of the other party for the purpose of the supply of the Services.
terMs & ConDitions

40
2. Provision of Services a) The Client acknowledges that it is the Clients sole responsibility to make its own assessment of the suitability for any purpose of the Services, detection limits and confidence intervals inherent in ALSs standard testing methodology, the ALS Report and its contents. b) If the Client requires the Services to be performed by specific test method, or requires detection limits and/or confidence intervals different to those inherent in ALSs standard testing methodology, then the Client must instruct ALS of such a variation prior to ALS performing the Services. 3. Fees and Payment a) ALS reserves the right to review prices at any time if significant changes to ALSs costs are incurred that are beyond ALSs control, such changes may include, but are not limited to, changes in legislative requirements, Client variations to sample numbers, analytes requested, turnaround required, or reporting requirements. b) Payment terms are 30 days from the date of invoice (Due Date), unless negotiated otherwise prior to the placement of an order or submission of samples. Any such variance from the standard payment terms must be stipulated separately in writing in the Agreement. c) All prices quoted by ALS are exclusive of GST (or other value added tax if relevant) unless stated otherwise. d) All fees due and payable after the Due Date (Outstanding Amount) will be subject to the payment of interest at a rate of 1.5% per month of the Outstanding Amount from the Due Date up to and including the date of payment, unless ALS and the Client otherwise agree in writing. e) The Client will indemnify ALS for any fees incurred by ALS to recover the Outstanding Amount, including any solicitor fees, or collection agency fees. 4. Limitation of Liability a) To the full extent permitted by law, ALS excludes all warranties, terms, conditions or undertakings (Terms), whether expressed or implied, in relation to the Services, the ALS Report, or its contents. Where any legislation implies any Terms in this Agreement that cannot be modified or excluded then, such Terms shall deem to be included. However, to the full extent permitted by law, ALSs liability to the Client for any breach of any Terms that cannot be excluded by law is limited at ALSs option to the re-performance of the Services or the refund of the fee for the Services.
Please refer to the ALS Website for full Terms and Conditions: www.alsglobal.com/Minerals/Geochemistry/Downloads
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Geochemistry
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Webtrieve-CoreViewer..............................................................................................2 Sample Preparation .......................................................................................................4

Precious Metal Analysis . ............................................................................................. 10

Specific Ores & Commodities ....................................................................................... 26

Concentrates & Environmental Testing......................................................................... 34

Other Services . ............................................................................................................ 36

ALS Terms & Conditions ...............................................................................................40

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