Page 1

CPP-1 1 Class - XI Batches - PHONON

LENS
1. A thin concavo-convex lens has two surfaces of radii of curvature R and 2R. The material of the lens has a refractive
index . When kept in air, the focal length of the lens :
(A) Will depend on the direction from which light is incident on it
(B*) Will be the same, irrespective of the direction from which light is incident on it
(C) Will be equal to
1
R
(D*) Will be equal to
1
R E

Sol. From left to right

1
1
L
f
=( 1)
1 1

2 R R
| |
|
\ .
= ( = 1)
1 1

2R R
| |
|
\ .

concave
surface
R
convex
surface
2R
1
1
L
f
=
( ) 1
2

R
From right to left
2
1
L
f
=( 1)
1 1

2 ( ) R R
| |
|
+ +
\ .
= ( 1)
1 1

2R R
| |
|
\ .
=
( ) 1
2

1
1
L
f
=
2
1
L
f
=
2
( 1)
R

Option (B) and (D) are correct.

2. An object is placed 10 cm away from a glass piece (n =1.5) of length
20 cm bound by spherical surfaces of radii of curvature 10 cm. Find the
position of the final image formed after twice refractions.
20 cm
air
B
n =1.5
ROC =10cm
10 cm
A object
ROC =10cm
air
Ans. [50 cm]
Sol. Refraction at first surface :
1
1.5
V

1
(10)
=
1.51
( 10) +
V
1
= 30 cm from A
Refraction at second surface.
2
1
V

1.5
(50)
=
11.5
(10)
V
2
=+50 cm from B
Hence final image will be 50 cm from B.
3. A concave mirror of radius R is kept on a horizontal table (figure). Water (refractive
index =) is poured into it upto a height h. What should be distance of a point
object from surface along principal axis so that its final image is formed on itself.
Consider two cases.
(i) h 0
(ii) in terms of h
Page 2
Ans. [(i)
R

; (ii)
( ) R h

]
Sol. Object should appear to be at distance R from mirror.
(d) +h =R
d =
R h

| |
|
\ .
c
d
h
if h <<R
d =
R

4. A person's eye is at a height of 1.5 m. He stands infront of a 0.3 m long plane mirror which is 0.8 m above the ground,
The length of the image he sees of himself is :
(A) 1.5 m (B) 1.0 m (C) 0.8 m (D*) 0.6 m
Sol. 2 height of mirror =2 0.3
0.3 m
0.8 m
1.5m
=0.6 m
5. The values of d
1
& d
2
for final rays to be parallel to the principal axis are :
(focal lengths of the lenses are written above the respective lenses)
(A*) d
1
=10 cm, d
2
=15 cm
(B*) d
1
=20 cm, d
2
=15 cm
(C*) d
1
=30 cm, d
2
=15 cm
(D) None of these
Sol.
O
f
1
=10cm f
2
=20cm f
3
= 5cm
L
1
L
2
L
3
d
1
d
2
10cm
Point object O in placed on focus of lines L
1
as shown in figure so there is no condition for d
1
.
After reflection from L
3
, ray become parallel so ray must comes from focus of L
3
.
So,
d
2
=15 cm
or d
2
=25 cm
6. A thin lens made of a material of refractive index
2
has medium with refractive index
1
and
3
on either side. The lens
is biconvex and the two radii of curvature has equal magnitude R. A beam of light travelling parallel to the principal axis
is incident on the lens. Where will the image be formed it the beam is incident from (a) the medium
1
and (b) from the
medium
3
?
Ans. [(a)
3
2 1 3
2
R

; (b)
1
2 1 3
2
R

]
Sol.

3
S
2
S
1
Page 3
For surface S
1
2
1

V

1

=
2 1

R
...(1)
For surface S
2
3

V

2
1

V
=
3 2

R
...(2)
From equation (1) and (2)
3

V
=
2 1 3
2
R
V =
3
2 1 3
2
R

Similarls
2
1

V

3

o
=
2 3

R
...(1)

1
1

V

2
1

V
=
1 2

R
...(2)
V =
1
2 1 3
2
R

7. An equiconvex lens of refractive index n
2
is placed such that the refractive :
(A*) Must be diverging if n
2
is less than the arithmetic mean of n
1
and n
3
(B*) Must be converging if n
2
is greater than the arithmetic mean of n
1
and n
3
(C) May be diverging if n
2
is less than the arithmetic mean of n
1
and n
3
(D*) Will neither be diverging nor converging if n
2
is equal to arithmetic mean of n
1
and n
3
Sol. for surface S
1
2
1
n
V
=
1
n
u
=
2 1

( )
n n
fR
...(1)
for surface S
2
3
n
V

2
1
n
V
=
3 2

( )
n n
R
...(2) n
2
n
1
n
3
S
2
S
1
From (1) and (2)
3 1

n n
V u
=
2 1
n n
R

3 2
n n
R
=
=
2 1 3
2 n n n
R
| |
|
\ .
=
1 3
2
2

2
n n
n
R
+ (
(

8. In the figure given below, there are two convex lens L
1
and L
2
having focal length of
f
1
and f
2
respectively. The distance between L
1
and L
2
will be :
(A) f
1
L
1
L
1
(B) f
2
(C*) f
1
+f
2
(D) f
1
f
2
Page 4
Sol.
| | f
2
| | f
1
| |+ f
1
| | f
2
9. A convex lens of focal length 15 cm and a concave mirror of focal length 30 cm are kept with their optic axes PQ and
RS parallel but separated in vertical direction by 0.6 cm as shown. The distance between the lens and mirror is 30cm.
An upright object AB of height 1.2 cm is placed on the optic axis PQ of the lens at a distance of 20 cm from the lens.
If A'

B' is the image after refraction from the lens and reflection from the mirror, find the distance A'

B' (in cm) from
the pole of the mirror and obtain its magnification. Also locate positions of A' and B' with respect to the optic axis RS.
0.6cm
P
R
A
B Q
S
20cm
30cm
Ans. [A' B' at 15 cm to the right of mirror. B' is 0.3 cm above RS & A' is 1.5 cm below RS. Magnification is 1.5]
Sol. Reflection from lens
1 1

V u
=
1
f
1 1
20 V
+
=
1
15
V =60 cm
m =
V
u
=
60
20
=
0
I
h
h
h
I
=3 h
0
=3 1.2 = 3.6 cm
For mirror
A
1
C
1
B
1
A'
C'
B'
1.5cm
0.3cm
Q
5
30 cm 15 cm
0.6cm
3cm
(Image after reflection
from lens)
(Final image after reflection
from lens and mirror)
1 1
V u
+
=
1
f
1 1
30 V
+
=
1
30
V = 15 cm
m =
V
u
=
(15)
30
=
1
2
10. A convexo-concave diverging lens is made of glass of refractive index 1.5 and focal length 24 cm. Radius of curvature
for one surface is double that of the other. Then radii of curvature for the two surfaces are (in cm) :
(A*) 6, 12 (B) 12, 24 (C) 3, 6 (D) 18, 36
Page 5
Sol.
1
f
=
2 1
1

| |
|
\ . 1 2
1 1

R R
| |
|
\ .

1
24
=
1.51
1
| |
|
\ .
1 1

2 R R
| |
+
|
\ .
=
1
2
| |
|
\ .
3

2R
| |
|
\ .
1
24
=
1
2R
R =6 cm, 2R =12 cm
Page 6
1. When a lens of power P (in air) made of material of refractive index is immersed in liquid of refractive index
0
. Then
the power of lens is :
(A)
0
1

P (B)
0
1


P (C*)
0
1


.
0
P

(D) None of these

Sol. P =
1
f
=
1
1
| |
|
\ . 1 2
1 1

R R
| |
|
\ .
P' =
0
0

| |
|
\ . 1 2
1 1

R R
| |
|
\ .
' P
P
=
0
0

| |
|
\ .

1
( 1)
=
0

| |
|
\ . 0
1

P' =
0

| |
|
\ . 0
P

2. What will the paths of the ray be after refraction in the lenses.
[F
1
First focus, F
2
Second focus]
(a) (b)
Ans. [(a) ; (b) ]
Sol. (a)
f
1
f
2
(b)
f
1
f
2
3. A thin symmetrical double convex lens of power P is cut into three parts, as shown in the figure. Power of A
is :
(A) 2 P (B)
2
P
(C)
3
P
(D*) P
CPP-1 2 Class - XI Batches - PHONON
LENS
Page 7
Sol. If we cut lens along principal axis, power of lens remain unchanged.
4. Lenses are constructed by a material of refractive index 1.50. The magnitude of the radii of curvature are 20 cm and
30 cm. Find the focal lengths of the possible lenses with the above specifications.
Ans. [24 cm, 120 cm]
Sol.
1
f
=( 1)
1 2
1 1

R R
| |
|
\ .
Case I - convex lens
1
f
=(1.5 1)
1 1
20 30
| |
+
|
\ .
=
1
2
| |
|
\ .
1
12
| |
|
\ .
f =24 cm
Case II
1
f
=(1.5 1)
1 1

20 30
| |
|
\ .
f =120 cm
5. A quarter cylinder of radius R and refractive index 1.5 is placed on a
table. A point object P is kept at a distance of mR from it. Find the value
of m for which a ray from P will emerge parallel to the table as shown in
the figure.
mR R
P
Ans. [m =4/3]
Sol. for plane surface
1
1.5
V

1
mR
=
1.51
o
A B
mR R
V
1
=1.5 mR
for curved surface
1

1.5
(1.5 ) mR R +
=
11.5
R

1.5
1.5mR R +
=
0.5
R
3 =1.5 m +1 m =4/3
6. A meniscus lens is made of a material of refractive index
2
. Both its surfaces have radii
of curvature R. It has two different media of refractive indices
1
and
3
respectively, on
its two sides (shown in the figure). Calculate its focal length for
1
<
2
<
3
, when light
is incident on it as shown.

3
Ans. [ f =
3
3 1
( )
R

]
Sol. For I
st
surface

3
2

u

1

=
2 1

R
u =
2
2 1

R

| |
|
|
\ .
[ u =v
2
]
For II
nd
surface
3 2
2

r
v v
=
3 2
r
R
Page 8
3

v

2
2

R
(
2

1
) =
3 2
r
R
3

v
=
3

R

1

R
v =
3
3 1

R

7. A thin concave-concave lens is surrounded by two different liquids A and B as shown in figure. The system is
supported by a plane mirror at the bottom. Refractive index of A, lens and B are 9/5, 3/2 and 4/3 respectively. The radius
of curvature of the surfaces of the lens are same and equal to 10 cm. Where should an object be placed infront of this
system so that final image is formed on the object itself.
Ans. [75 cm]
Sol. For image to form on object itself rays should fall perpendicularly on plane mirror/
Focal length of combination will be :
P =P
1
+P
2
+P
3
1
q
f
=
1
1
f
+
2
1
f
+
3
1
f
f
1
=12.5 cm
f
2
=10 cm
f
3
=30 cm
Thus we get
f
eq
=75 cm
Hence object should be placed at 75 cm.
So, that light rays becomes parallel to principal axis.
8. The radius of curvature of the left & right surface of the concave lens are 10 cm & 15 cm respectively. The radius of
curvature of the mirror is 15 cm :
(A*) Equivalent focal length of the combination is 18 cm
(B) Equivalent focal length of the combination is +36 cm
(C*) The system behaves like a concave mirror
(D) The system behaves like a convex mirror
Sol. Here
P
eq
=2P
L1
+2P
L2
+P
M
air water
=
4


__
3
Glass
=
4


__
2
=
1
1
L
f
| |
|
\ .
+2
2
1
L
f
| |
|
\ .

1
M
f
| |
|
\ .
P
eq
= 2
1
12
| |
|
\ .
+
4
45

2
15
| |
|
\ .
[ Mirror is converging so in power is +ve.]
P
eq
=
1
18
1
f
=
1
18
f = 18 cm
Here system acts as concave mirror.
Page 9
9. A thin biconvex lens of refractive index 3/2 is placed on a horizontal plane mirror as shown in the figure. The space
between the lens and the mirror is then filled with water of refractive index 4/3. It is found that when a point object is
placed 15 cm above the lens on its principal axis, the object coincides with its own image. On repeating with another
liquid, the object and the image again coincide at a distance 25 cm from the lens. Calculate the refractive index of the
liquid.
Ans. [n =8/5 =1.6]
Sol. For image to form on object itself, ray should strike the mirror perpendicularly.
Here
P
eq
=P
1
+P
2
=
1
1
f
+
2
1
f
1
1
f
=
3
1
2
| |
|
\ .
D
R
(
(


1
1
f
=R
2
1
f
=
4
1
3
| |
|
\ .

1 1

R
(
(

2
1
f
=
1
3
| |
|
\ .
1
R
=
1
3R
1
eq
f
=
1
R

1
3R
=
31
3R
=
2
3R
f
eq
=
3
2
R =15 cm [ object is at focus]
R =10 cm
Same experiment is repeated using some other liquid.
f
eq
=
1
1
f
+
2
1
f
2
1
f
=( 1)
1

R
(
(

=
1
R

( 1)
R
1
eq
f
=
1 1
R
+
=
2
R R
=
1
25

2
10

10

=0.04
10

=0.2 0.04
= (0.2 0.04) 10
=2 .4 =1.6
10. An object O is kept infront of a converging lens of focal length 30 cm behind
which there is a plane mirror at 15 cm from the lens :
(A) The final image is formed at 60 cm from the lens towards right of it
(B*) The final image is at 60 cm from lens towards left of it
(C*) The final image is real
(D) The final image is virtual
Page 10
Sol. Image formed after refraction form lens.
30 cm
15cm 15cm
O
1
v

1
u
=
1
f
1
v

1
(15)
=
1
30
1
u
=
1
30

2
30
v =
1
30
v = 30 cm
for this virtual image, image formed by plane mirror will be at 45 cm on light of mirror this image will be real.
And for this image thus is at distance 2f i.e. at 60 cm. Hence its real image again will be formed on 2f of lens in its left
side.
Page 11
1. A thin linear object of size 1 mm is kept along the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. The object is at
15 cm from the lens. The length of the image is :
(A) 1 mm (B*) 4 mm (C) 2 mm (D) 8 mm
Sol.
1
v

1
u
=
1
f
1
v

1
15
=
1
10
2
1 dv
du v
| |
|
\ .
+
2
1
v
=0
1
v
=
1
10

1
15
dv
du
=
2
2
v
u
=
3
30

2
30
dv =
2
2
v
u
du
1
v
=
1
30
v = 30
dv =
2
2
(30)
(15)
1
=4 1 =4 mn.
2. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm and a concave lens of focal length 10 cm are placed 10 cm apart with their principal
axes coinciding. A beam of light travelling parallel to the principal axis and having a beam diameter 5.0 mm, is incident
on the combination. Show that the emergent beam is parallel to the incident one. Find the beam diameter of the
emergent beam. Also find out the ratio of emergent and incident intensities.
Ans. [1.0 cm if the light is incident from the side of concave lens and 2.5 mm if it is incident from the side of the convex
lens and the corresponding ratio of intensities are 1/4 and 4]
Sol. Case I:- 1
st
convex t hen concave Image from convex long is at focus of concave so emergent light ray becomes
parallel to principal axis.
A
B
C
D
t
F
0.5cm
10cm 10cm
f =20 f =10
From geometry :
AB
BF
=
CD
DF
[CD width of emergent beam]

0.5
20
=
10
CD
CD =
10 0.5
20

CD =2.5 mm
Intensity o area beam croos section.
CPP-1 3 Class - XI Batches - PHONON
LENS
Page 12
I emergent
I incident
=
2
2
(2.5)
(5)
=
1
4
=1 : 4 ans
Case II :- 1
st
concave, then convex
A
B D
C
10cm 10cm
0.5cm
F
Since image of concave lens is at focus of convex lens so final emergent ray becomes parallel to principal axis.
From geometry
CD
DF
=
AB
BF

20
CD
cm
=
0.5
10
cm
cm
CD =1 cm

I emergent
I incident
=
2
1
0.5
cm
cm
| |
|
\ .
=4 Ans.
3. The convex surface of a thin concavo-convex lens of glass of refractive index 1.5
has a radius of curvature 20 cm. The concave surface has a radius of curvature 60
cm. The convex side is silvered and placed on a horizontal surface as shown in
figure. (a) Where should a pin be placed on the axis so that its image is formed at
the same place ? (b) If the concave part is filled with water ( =4/3), find the
distance through which the pin should be moved so that the image of the pin
again coincides with the pin.
Ans. [(a) 15 cm from the lens on the axis; (b) 1.14 cm towards the lens]
Sol. (a) Net focal length.
1
eq
f
=f
eq
=
1
L
f
+
1
L
f

1
M
f
R=60cm
=3/2
R=20cm
=
2
L
f

1
M
f
=2
1 1 1 2

2 60 20 20
( | |
+ +
| (
\ .
1
eq
f
=
4
30
cm
f
eq
=7.5 cm
f
eq
=7.5 2 =15 cm
Hence object should be placed at centre of curvature of equivalent mirror i.e. at 15 cm from mirror.
(b)
1
eq
f
=P
eq
=
2
w
f
+
2
L
f

2
M
f
=2
1
3
| |
|
\ .
1
1
60
(
+
(

+2
1
2
| |
|
\ .
1 1
60 20
(
+
(

+
2
20
=
2
3
1
60
(
(

+
1 1

20 60
(
(

+
2
20
=
1
90
+
60 20
60 20
+
2
20
Page 13
=
1
90
+
40
60 20
+
2
20
=
1
90
+
4
120
+
1
10
=
1
90
+
1
30
+
1
10
=
1
90
+
3
90
+
9
90
=
13
90
f
eq
=
13
90
P
eq
=
180
13
=13.85 cm
Shift of object 15 13.85 =1.15 cm
4. An insect at point 'P' sees its two images in the water-mirror system as shown
in the figure. One image is formed due to direct reflection from water surface
and the other image is formed due to refraction, reflection & again refraction
by water mirror system in order. Find the separation between the two images.
M has focal length 60 cm. (n
w
=4/3).
Ans. [Distance P' P" =36 12 =24 cm]
Sol. Image (1) By direct reflection from top water surface. 12 cm below water furpace.
Image (2) 1
st
refraction from top water surface.
1
4/3
v

1
(12)
=
(4/31)

v
1
16cm
reflection from convex mirror
2
1 1
(40) v
+
=
1
( 60) +
v
2
=+24 cm
2
nd
refraction from top trasfer surface.
3
1 4/3

(48) v
=
1 4/3

v
3
= 36 cm
Image (2) is 36 cm below top water surface
Separation of two image =36 12 =24 cm
5. A symmetrical converging convex lens of focal length 10 cm & diverging concave
symmetrical lens of focal length 20 cm are cut from the middle & perpendicularly
and symmetrically to their principal axis. The parts thus obtained are arranged as
shown in the figure. The focal length of this arrangement will be :
(A) (B) 20 cm
(C) 40 cm (D*) 80 cm
Sol. For L
1
P
1
=( 1)
1
1 1

R
| |
|
+
\ .
L
1
L
2
L
3
R
1
R
2
R
2
2c
=+
1
( 1)
R
For L
2
P
2
=( 1)
2
1 1

( ) R
| |
|
+
\ .
Page 14
=
2
( 1)
R
For L
3
P
3
=( 1)
2
1 1

( ) R
| |
|

\ .
=
2
( 1)
R
For converging 10 =
1
2( 1)
R

R
1
= 20 ( 1)
For diverging 20 =
2
2( 1)
R

R
2
= 40 ( 1)
P
1
=+
1
( 1)
R
=+
1
20
P
2
=
2
( 1)
R
=
1
40
=P
3
P
12
=P
1
+P
2
=+
1
20

1
40
=+
1
40
Combined P
123
=P
12
+P
3
dP
12
P
3
=
1
40
| |
+
|
\ .
+
1

40
| |
|
\ .
20
1
40
| |
+
|
\ .
1

40
| |
|
\ .
=+
1
40

1
40
+
1
80
P
123
=+
1
80
F
123
=+80 cm
6. A hollow sphere of glass of R.I. n has a small mark M on its interior
surface which is observed by an observer O from a point outside the
sphere. C is centre of the sphere. The inner cavity (air) is concentric
with the external surface and thickness of the glass is everywhere equal
to the radius of the inner surface. Find the distance by which the mark
will appear nearer than it really is, in terms of n and R assuming paraxial
rays.
glass
air
C M
O
2R
4R
Ans. [(n 1)R/(3n 1)]
Sol. Refraction from surface CD:
1
n
v

1
(2 ) R
=
( 1)
( )
n
R
v
1
=
2
(1 2 )
nR
n
from surface (1)
C M
O
(1)
(2)
Refraction from surface (2)
2
1
v

(4 1)

(2 1)
n
R n
n
(
(

=
1
(2 )
n
R
2
1
v
+
(2 1)
(4 1)
n n
R n
=
( 1)
2
n
R
v
2
=
2 (4 1)
(3 1)
R n
n
Page 15
Shift =3R
2 (4 1)
(3 1)
R n
n
=
(3 1)
R
n
[3(3n 1) 2(4n 1)]
Shift =
( 1)
(3 1)
R n
n
7. Two media each of refractive index 1.5 with plane parallel boundaries are
separated by 100 cm. A convex lens of focal length 60 cm is placed midway
between them with its principal axis normal to the boundaries. A luminous
point object O is placed in one medium on the axis of the lens at a distance
125 cm from it. Find the position of its image formed as a result of refraction
through the system.
Ans. [200 cm, w.r.t. lens]
Sol. Distance of object as seen by lens
=50 +
75
1.5
4=1
50
75
=100 cm
Now
1 1

v u
=
1
f

1 1

(100) v
=
1
60

1 1

100 v
=
1
60
v =
6000
40
=150
=50 +100
Apparent distnace
50 + 100 = 200 cm
8. A point object is placed at distance of 20 cm from a thin planoconvex lens of focal length
15cm. The plane surface of the lens is now silvered. The image created by the system is at :
(A) 60 cm to the left of the system
20
(B) 60 cm to the right of the system
(C*) 12 cm to the left of the system (D) 12 cm to the right of the system
Sol. Image after 1
st
refraction from lens

1
v

1
(20)
=
1
15

1
v
=
5
20 15
v =60 cm
After reflation from mirror
v' = 60 cm.
again after refraction from lens
1
v

1
( 60) +
=
1
15

1
v
=
1
15
+
1
60
v =
45
60 15
v =12 cm, to the left.
Page 16
9. An object O is kept in air and a lens of focal length 10 cm (in air) is kept at the bottom of
a container which is filled upto a height 44 cm by water. The refractive index of water is
4/3 and that of glass is 3/2. The bottom of the container is closed by a thin glass slab of
refractive index 3/2. Find the position of the final image formed by the system.
Ans. [90 cm]
Sol. Focal length of lens is water =
3 1 4
10
2 8 3
3 9

2 3
| |

|
\ .
| |
|
\ .
=
1 4
10
2 3
2
6
| || |

| |
\ .\ .
=(30)
4
3
=40 cm
Object will appear to lens at 44 +12
4
3
=60 cm
Lens image will be at
1 1

(60) v
=
1
40
v =
40 60
20

=120 cm
After refraction from water, image will be at
120
3
4
=90 cm
10. A stationary observer O looking at a fish F (in water of, = 4/3) through a converging
lens of focal length 90 cm, The lens is allowed to fall freely from a height 62.0 cm with
its axis vertical. The fish and the observer are on the principal axis of the lens. The
fish moves up with constant velocity 100 cm/s. Initially it was at a depth of 44.0 cm.
Find the velocity with which the fish appears to move to the observer at
t =0.2 sec. (g =10 m/s
2
)
Ans. [
91
4
m/s =2275 cm/s (upwards)]
Sol.
20cm
200cm/sec
42cm
24cm
F '
F
u=75cm/sec
After .2 sec
[ lens fall by 20 cm in 0.2 sec]
Image of fish F
1
after 0.2 sec will be at 18 cm from water air surface so distance of fish from lens will be
(42 +18) =60 cm
Image of this fish due to lens is
Page 17
1
v

1
u
=
1
f
v = 180 cm
We know that
dv
dt
=
2
2
v
u
du
dt
[Here u is ve and u decrease with time as fish is coming near lens]
dv
dt
=
2
2
v
u
(200 +75)
dv
dt
=
2
180
60
| |
|
\ .
(275)
dv
dt
=2475 cm/sec
So this is the speed of image wrto lens
v
IL
=v
I
v
L
= 2475
v
I
=2475 +v
L
[ v
L
= 200]
v
I
=2275 cm/sec.