Equipment Short-Circuit Current Rating and Available Fault Current

8/27/2013
Equipment Short-Circuit Current Rating and Available Fault Current

Dan Neeser Field Application Engineer Eatons Bussmann Business Dan.Neeser@CooperIndustries.com
2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.
Agenda
Interrupting Rating & Series Rating Short-Circuit Current Ratings Maximum Fault Current Marking Fault Current Calculations UL 508A Industrial Control Panels Supplement SB - SCCR
8/27/2013
Interrupting Rating
NEC Article 100 Definition
Highest current an OVERCURRENT DEVICE (fuse or circuit breaker) is rated to safely interrupt. Self protection rating only
NEC 110.9 Interrupting Rating.

Requires the overcurrent device to have an interrupting rating not less than the maximum available fault current. The maximum fault current must be calculated and varies based on system size/location. Similar Requirements in OSHA 1910.303(b)(4)
Interrupting Rating
NEC 110.9: Device interrupting rating MUST be equal to or greater than the maximum available fault current. Chapter 1 Video Clips - Interrupting Rating
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Interrupting Rating - Proper Application

1st Determine available short-circuit current (Isca) at lineside terminals of each OCPD. MSB Isca 3 Isca 4 Isca 1 2nd Apply OCPDs with adequate Interrupting Rating. Isca 2 Isca 5 Isca 6
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Interrupting Rating - Proper Application
Must select circuit breaker with interrupting rating adequate for point of application varies by voltage and circuit breaker type.
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I.R. - Proper Application
High Interrupting rating of current-limiting fuses at full voltage reduces concerns about proper interrupting rating at point of application
Series Rated Systems

A combination of: - Circuit breakers / circuit breakers OR - Fuses / circuit breakers that can be applied at available fault levels above the interrupting rating of the load side circuit breaker, but not above that of the main or line side device.
Downstream device will ALWAYS be a circuit breaker
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Series Rated Systems: CB-CB

Series Rated Combination 200A Circuit Breaker 65,000 A.I.R. 65,000 A.I.R.
20A Circuit Breaker

10,000 A.I.R.
ISC=65,000 A
ISC=65,000 A
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Series Rated Systems: Fuse-CB

Series Rated Combination LPJ 400 SP 300,000 A.I.R. 200,000 A.I.R.
20A Circuit Breaker

10,000 A.I.R.
ISC=300,000 A
ISC=200,000 A
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NEC 240.86(A) Selected Under Engineering Supervision in Existing Installations
The series rated combination devices must be selected by licensed, professional engineer. Requires Documentation and Stamp. Series combination rating and upstream device must be field marked on end use equipment. Downstream circuit breaker must remain passive.
NEC 240.86(B) Tested Combinations

The combination of line side and load side devices must be tested and marked on the end-use equipment (panelboards & switchboards).
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Additional Limitations and Requirements
Labeling Requirements
Manufacturer NEC 240.86(B) Field Marking NEC 110.22(B)&(C)
Motor Contribution Limitations

NEC 240.86(C) Motor FLA cannot exceed 1% of IR of protected CB.
Lack of Selective Coordination

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Current Limitation
A current limiting fuse will clear a fault within one half of a cycle.
Thermal energy is proportionate to the square of RMS current multiplied by the time (Irms2t) Mechanical stresses are proportionate to the square of peak current multiplied by the time (Ip2t)
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Current Limitation
Conductor protection for fault of 45kA/480V (26kA with conductor) with non-current-limiting device (1 cycle) vs. current-limiting device (>1/2 cycle)
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Short-Circuit Current Ratings

NEC Article 100 Definition
The highest current EQUIPMENT can withstand without extensive damage (fire or shock hazard). Also known as component protection May be based on a specific type of overcurrent device
NEC 110.10 Circuit Impedance, Short-Circuit Current Ratings, and Other Characteristics. Requires the equipment to have a short circuit current rating not less than the maximum available fault current. The maximum fault current must be calculated and varies based on system size/location. Similar Requirements in OSHA 1910.303(b)(5)
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Motor Starter - SCCR

High Fault Test: starter protected by an instantaneous trip circuit breaker (MCP) that only provides Type 1 protection High Fault Test: starter protected by Low-Peak fuses that provides Type 2 (No Damage) protection
480V - 22,000A
480V - 22,000A
Fault
Fault
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SCCR Marking Requirements

430.8 Marked on motor controllers 440.4(B) Marked on HVAC equipment 409.110(3) Marked on industrial control panels
409.22 Fault current cannot exceed marked SCCR
670.3(A)(4) Marked on industrial machinery control panel

670.5 Fault current cannot exceed marked SCCR
UL 508A, Supplement SB is an approved method to determine SCCR for industrial control panels and industrial machinery control panels
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Fault Current Marking Requirement 110.24 Available Fault Current.

(A) Service equipment must be marked with the maximum available fault current and date of calculation (B) If fault current increases due to system modification, the marking must be updated.
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How to Comply?
All equipment must comply with: NEC 110.9 (IR) &110.10 (SCCR)
Service Equipment Engineer Calculate
Isc = 60,142 A
Contractor Label
Max Avail. Fault Current = 58,524 A Date Determined/Calculated: 9/2010
Required per NEC 110.24
Isc = 38,525 A
Isc = 42,153 A
Isc = 27,532 A
Isc = 18,752 A
HVAC
SCCR = 40kA
Industrial Machinery Panel

SCCR = 65kA
Industrial Control Panel

SCCR = 30kA
Motor Controller
SCCR = 25kA
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IR/SCCR Inspection Check-List
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Fault Current Calculations

To determine the fault current:
Draw the one-line diagram Identify sources of short-circuit current (utility, generation, motors) Include system component information (tranformers, conductors, busway, overcurrent devices are not considered) Use calculation method (ohmic, per unit, point-topoint, software) Use typical fault current values as a reference only.
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Typical Short-Circuit Current Values

Short-Circuit Current at service entrance equipment varies by type/size of system:
Small residential systems (100A to 200A) 10,000A to 15,000A or less Small commercial building systems (400A to 800A) 20,000A to 30,000A Larger commercial and manufacturing building systems (2,000A to 3,000A) - 50,000A to 65,000A Higher short-circuit currents are possible where low impedance (energy-efficient) transformers are used (or where larger transformers (kVA) feed multiple services. Commercial buildings directly connected to utility grid system 200,000A or greater
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Short-Circuit Current Factors

Typically highest at service point Decreases in downstream equipment (due to impedance of transformers and conductors)
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Calculation Example
480V/3000A Service supplied from 2500 kVA Transformer Find Isc at Transformer Secondary & Service Equipment
480V, 3000A Service Equipment Service Transformer 2500 kVA 13.2kV 480V 5% Impedance
Isc = 60,142 A Isc = 58,524A
7 600 Cu kcmil/phase 25 Feet in PVC
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Calculation Example
Step One: Calculate Secondary FLA of Transformer (3 phase)
IFLA =
KVA X 1000 EL-L X 1.732
KVA = KVA of Transformer EL-L = Secondary Phase to Phase voltage

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Calculation Example ISC

2500 KVA Transformer 13.2kV - 480V, 3 Phase Z = 5%
IFLA =
2500 X 1000 480 X 1.732
IFLA = 3007 A
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Calculation Example
Step Two: Calculate Multiplier
Z = Impedance of Transformer, refer to transformer nameplate or manufacturer data
Mult = Mult = Mult = 20
100 %Z 100 5
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Calculation Example
Step Three: Calculate Secondary Short Circuit Current
ISC = IFLA X Mult ISC = 3007 X 20 ISC = 60,140 A

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Calculation Example
Calculate Short Circuit Current at 480V Switchgear
480V Switchgear
7 600 Cu kcmil/phase
ISC = 60,140A
25 Feet in PVC
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Calculation Example
Isc known from previous calculation

Calculate multiplier for Cable Step One: Calculate f value
ISC 480V SWGR = ISC X Mult
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Calculation Example
Step One: Calculate f value
f =
1.732 X L X ISC C X EL-L
L = Length of conductor ISC = Short-circuit current at beginning of circuit C = C Value Constant for Cable From Table. Multiply by # of runs EL-L = Phase to Phase Voltage
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Calculation Example
C Value 600 kcmil, CU, PVC = 28,033
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Calculation Example
Step One: Calculate f Value
L = 25 Feet ISC = 60,140 A C = 7 X 28,033 - See C Value Table EL-L = 480V
f =
1.732 X 25 X 60,140 7 X 28,033 X 480

= 0.0276
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Calculation Example
Step Two: Use Calculated f Value
Calculate Multiplier
Mult = Mult =
1
1 1+f
1 + 0.0276
= 0.9731
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8/27/2013
Calculation Example
Calculate Short Circuit Current at 480V Switchgear
ISC 480V SWGR = ISC X Mult ISC 480V SWGR = 60,140 X .9731 ISC 480V SWGR = 58,522 A*
* Add motor contribution if present
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What if the System Changes?

Service Transformer 3000 kVA 13.2kV 480V 5% Impedance
Isc = 72,171 A Isc = 70,587A
480V, 4000A Service Equipment
9 600 Cu kcmil/phase 25 Feet in PVC Service Transformer 2500 kVA 13.2kV 480V 4% Impedance
Isc = 75,178 A Isc = 72,667A
480V, 3000A Service Equipment
7 600 Cu kcmil/phase 25 Feet in PVC
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8/27/2013
Cooper Bussmann Short-Circuit Calculator

Old version
Download for Window XP
New version
Apple or Android Apps Web (run from homepage)
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Create a System
1
Choosethreephaseor singlephasesystem
2
ClickonAddtomy System
3
Selectacomponent youwanttoadd
Calculating available fault current and creating 110.24 labels has never been easier!
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Add a Transformer
1
SelectAdd Transformer
2
Ifyouhaveaknownprimaryfault currentyoucanaddithere.Ifnot, selectassumeinfinite
3
Entervaluesintothe appropriatefields
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Add Motor Contribution
1
AfteraddingaTransformer, youwillbeaskedifyouwant toaddmotorcontribution
2
Youcancompleteaquickcalculation byselectinga%ofyour transformersFLAoradditmanually
3
Addthese calculationstoyour system
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Add Other Components
1
SelectAddTo MySystem
2
AddConductor RunorBussRun
3
Addthecorrectvalues andAddToSystem
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System Summary
1
Viewsystemoneline diagram
2
Emailoneline diagram
3
Selectaspecificfaultto createalabel
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Create a Label
1
Selectafaultandclick onCreateLabel
2
Entertheemailaddress,projectname, faultname,andlabelsize,thenSendLabel
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Fuse Sizing
1
TaponFuse SizingDiagram
2
Taponthecircuit toprotect
3
Revieweachsectionandthefuse suggestionsfortheselectedlocation
Sizing fuses for mains, feeders, and branch circuits has never been easier!
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User Guide & Contact Us
TheUserguide providesuseful informationaboutFC2 Thereisauserguide selectionatthebottom ifeachpage Basedonwhereyou areintheapp,youwill beprovidedaspecific overviewofFC2s functionality
WhiletheFC2isvery intuitive,theremaybe additionalquestions ThereisaContactUs selectionatthe bottomofeachpage Fromthislocation, youcanselecttosend anemailfortechnical assistanceor customerservice support
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Cooper Bussmann FC2 Web Version - Example
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8/27/2013
How to Determine SCCR?

Short-Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)
Can be established by testing during the listing and labeling process OR Can be determined using an approved (calculation) method
UL 508A Supplement SB is an approved method (industrial control panels and industrial machinery control panel) AHJ Approved Method
NRTL field evaluation can also be used.

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Industrial Control Panel SCCR

Industrial Control Panel.
An assembly of two or more components consisting of one of the following: 1)power circuit components only, such as motor controllers, overload relays, fused disconnect switches, and circuit breakers; 2)control circuit components only, such as push buttons, pilot lights, selector switches, timers, switches, and control relays; 3)a combination of power and control circuit components. These components, with associated wiring and terminals, are mounted on, or contained within, an enclosure or mounted on a subpanel. The industrial control panel does not include the controlled equipment.
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UL 508A Supplement SB
What Needs to be Analyzed per UL 508A, Supplement SB?
All power circuit components (SB 4.1)
Feeder and branch circuit components that supply power to loads (motors, lighting, heating and appliances) Includes disconnect switches, fuses, circuit breakers, load controllers, overload relays, power distribution/terminal blocks, bus bars, etc.
Control circuit components are not required to be analyzed

Pushbuttons, pilot lights, selector switches, timers, control relays, etc.
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Power vs. Control Circuits

Control circuit components dont have to be analyzed
Power Transformer
*Control Circuit, but affects SCCR

Control Transformer
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How to Determine Component SCCR (SB4.2.2)?
The SCCR marked on the component or on instructions. The SCCR determined by the voltage rating of the component and the assumed short circuit current from Table SB4.1. or The SCCR for a load controller, motor overload relay, or combination motor controller that has been investigated in accordance with the performance requirements, including short circuit test requirements for standard fault currents or high fault currents specified in the Standard for Industrial Control Equipment, UL 508, and described in the manufacturers procedure.
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What are the Rules (Sweep 1)?

Lowest component SCCR limits assembly SCCR unless:
Combination ratings can be used to increase branch circuit component ratings (SB 4.2.2) Component with marked/specified OCPD Check with component manufacturer for combination ratings
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Combination Ratings - Branch

Component SCCR Nameplate Voltage: SCCR: 480 100kA OCPD I.R.
Use combination ratings with specified/marked OCPD to fix low rated branch components
Combination ratings of overcurrent protective devices and components can be used
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Combination Ratings - Contactor
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Combination Ratings - MMP

OL Protection Only Fuse or Circuit Breaker Required for SC Protection Suitable for Group Installations Straight Ratings (480V)
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Combination Ratings Type E/F

Combination Motor Controller SC & OL Protection Line Side Adapters Required Slash Ratings (480/277V)
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Combination Ratings - ASD
200kA with Class CC/J/T Fuse Suitable for Group Installations 65kA with Type E CMC (480/277V)
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Combination Ratings - Feeder

Component SCCR Nameplate Voltage: SCCR: 480 100kA OCPD I.R.
Use UL Listed power distribution block with high SCCR when used with specified fuses or circuit breakers and required load side conductors Must have feeder circuit spacing (Listed PDB) if in feeder circuit Combination ratings of PDBs is cost effective fix
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Combination Ratings - PDBs
PDBFS220 (4 14 Load Side Conductors) 100kA with 175A Class J fuse or less
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UL 508A Supplement SB What are the Rules (Sweep 1)?

Lowest component SCCR limits assembly SCCR unless:
Feeder components are used that limit the shortcircuit current reducing the need for higher branch circuit component SCCR (SB 4.3) Current limiting overcurrent protective devices Transformers rated 10kVA or less
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Feeder vs. Branch Circuits
Feeder Circuit
Branch Circuit Branch Circuit
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Use of CL Devices - OCPD

CL Device must be in the feeder circuit For CL Fuses or Circuit Breakers
Use PEAK Let-through, Not RMS Let-Through (more conservative) Fuses - cannot use manufacturer specific fuse data only tables based on performance requirements from UL 248 (more conservative - apply to all manufacturers) Circuit Breakers - must be Listed and marked currentlimiting and use published let-thru curves (most circuit breakers are not CL) Can only raise downstream BRANCH circuit components (not overcurrent protective devices fuses/circuit breaker IR or Combination motor controllers SCCR)
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Fuse LT UL vs Manufacturer
LPJ-100SP UL Limits
50kA = 12kA 100kA = 14kA 200kA = 20kA
Manufacturer Let Through Curves

Ip LT:
50kA = 9kA 100kA = 12kA 200kA = 14kA
Irms LT:
50kA = 4kA 100kA = 5kA 200kA = 6kA
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Use of CL Devices - OCPD

Component SCCR Nameplate Voltage: SCCR: 480 14kA
F
OCPD I.R.
Current limiting feeder OCPD can be used to increase branch component SCCR.
Use of CL OCPD can only fix components

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Use of CL Devices - Transformers

CL Device must be in the feeder circuit For Transformers
If 10kVA with secondary devices (components and overcurrent devices) of 5kA or higher, apply the IR of the primary overcurrent protective device If 5kVA (120V Secondary) with secondary devices (Components and overcurrent devices) of 2kA or higher, apply the IR of the primary overcurrent protective device
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Use of CL Devices - Transformers

Component SCCR Nameplate
Voltage: SCCR: 480 200kA 10 kVA
OCPD I.R.
Transformers can be used to limit the short-circuit current available

If 10kVA & sec comp = 5kA+ If 5kVA/120V & sec comp = 2kA+ Then assign entire circuit I.R. of primary overcurrent device
Use of Small Transformers (10kVA or less) can increase secondary component/OCPD ratings
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What are the Rules (Sweep 2)?
Lowest overcurrent protective device interrupting rating (or SCCR for some devices) always limits assembly SCCR
All Feeder and branch circuit overcurrent devices Tested series combination ratings or series ratings (fuse-circuit breaker or circuit breaker-circuit breaker) are NOT allowed. Branch circuit overcurrent devices tapped from the feeder circuit supplying a control circuit. Supplemental protective devices protecting the control circuit transformer in a motor branch circuit.
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Overcurrent Protection Devices

Branch Circuit Protective Devices
Fuses Circuit Breakers Application Limited Devices
Supplemental Protectors/Fuses
Not suitable for branch circuit protection (protecting a load) Can only be used in control circuits
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Why High SCCR?

NEC & Equipment standards only require the SCCR to be marked NEC requires the marked value to be adequate for the maximum available fault current Although not required, high SCCR is often preferred
Flexibility of application
Multiple installations Fault current unknown Insufficient SCCR can delay installation
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Fix It - Solutions
High I.R. Protective Devices
Class R Class J Class J Drive Fuse Class T Class CC CubeFuse High Speed High IR/CL CBs
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8/27/2013
Fix It - Solutions
High SCCR Components
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Questions?
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Equipment Short-Circuit Current Rating and Available Fault Current - SW IAEI.243212239

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8/27/2013

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

NEC 110.9 Interrupting Rating.

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

Interrupting Rating - Proper Application

Interrupting Rating - Proper Application

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

I.R. - Proper Application

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

Series Rated Systems

Series Rated Systems: CB-CB

20A Circuit Breaker

Series Rated Systems: Fuse-CB

20A Circuit Breaker

Series Rated Systems

NEC 240.86(B) Tested Combinations

Series Rated Systems

Motor Contribution Limitations

Lack of Selective Coordination

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

Short-Circuit Current Ratings

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

Motor Starter - SCCR

SCCR Marking Requirements

670.3(A)(4) Marked on industrial machinery control panel

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

Fault Current Marking Requirement 110.24 Available Fault Current.

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

Max Avail. Fault Current = 58,524 A Date Determined/Calculated: 9/2010

Required per NEC 110.24

Industrial Machinery Panel

Industrial Control Panel

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

IR/SCCR Inspection Check-List

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

Fault Current Calculations

Typical Short-Circuit Current Values

Short-Circuit Current Factors

7 600 Cu kcmil/phase 25 Feet in PVC

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

KVA X 1000 EL-L X 1.732

KVA = KVA of Transformer EL-L = Secondary Phase to Phase voltage

Calculation Example ISC

2500 X 1000 480 X 1.732

Mult = Mult = Mult = 20

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

ISC = IFLA X Mult ISC = 3007 X 20 ISC = 60,140 A

Isc known from previous calculation

ISC 480V SWGR = ISC X Mult

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

1.732 X L X ISC C X EL-L

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

1.732 X 25 X 60,140 7 X 28,033 X 480

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

What if the System Changes?

480V, 4000A Service Equipment

480V, 3000A Service Equipment

7 600 Cu kcmil/phase 25 Feet in PVC

2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.

Cooper Bussmann Short-Circuit Calculator