PENTERJEMAHAN ELEMEN KINESIK DALAM NOVEL THE GREAT GATSBY (1953) DAN TERJEMAHANNYA TUAN GATSBY (1990)

WAN NOR HAZWANI WAN RAMLI Kolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Selangor HASLINA (DR. HAROON !"sat !engajian Ilm" Keman"siaan Universiti Sains Mala#sia $a%&ani'("is.e)".m# ABSTRAK Kertas (erja ini membin*ang(an +enterjema$an elemen (inesi( #ang ter)a+at )alam novel The Great Gatsby )an terjema$ann#a Tuan Gatsby. ,lemen (inesi( )i(aji (erana ter)a+at sesetenga$ elemen ini bole$ memberi(an ma(s") #ang berbe%a )alam b")a#a #ang berbe%a )an menimb"l(an masala$ (e+a)a +enterjema$. Dalam (ertas (erja ini- elemen (inesi( )i(enal +asti mengg"na(an +en)e(atan !o#atos (.//.b serta meneliti +rose)"r #ang )ig"na(an ole$ +enterjema$ "nt"( menterjema$(an elemen (inesi(- ber)asar(an (erang(a +rose)"r terjema$an #ang )i(em"(a(an ole$ Ne&mar( (0122 . Di sam+ing it"- (ertas (erja ini t"r"t menilai (esan terjema$an ber)asar(an (onse+ terjema$an Ne&mar( (0122 . Kesan +enterjema$an elemen (inesi( )ibin*ang(an ber)asar(an tiga (onse+ terjema$an iait" terjema$an melam+a" (overtranslation terjema$an ("rang (undertranslation )an terjema$an sala$ (mistranslation . Kajian men)a+ati ba$a&a +enterjema$ ti)a( teri(at )engan +rose)"r terjema$an #ang ($"s"s )alam menterjema$(an elemen (inesi(. !enterjema$ j"ga menggab"ng(an bebera+a +rose)"r terjema$an "nt"( menterjema$(an elemen (inesi(. Nam"n begit"- ter)a+at sat" +rose)"r terjema$an #ang *en)er"ng )ig"na(an ole$ +enterjema$- iait" terjema$an literal. 3er)asar(an analisis (esan terjema$an- +eng(aji tela$ men)a+ati bebera+a *onto$ terjema$an #ang bole$ )iangga+ terjema$an melam+a"- terjema$an ("rang )an terjema$an sala$. Kata ("n*i4 (inesi(- +rose)"r- (esan terjema$an

Pengen ! n 3a$asa mer"+a(an alat "nt"( man"sia ber(om"ni(asi. 5er)a+at )"a bent"( (om"ni(asi iait" melal"i ba$asa verbal )an ba$asa b"(an verbal. 3a$asa verbal a)ala$ ba$asa )alam bent"( +ert"t"ran ata" lisan mana(ala ba$asa b"(an verbal +"la a)ala$ ba$asa #ang ti)a( mengg"na(an +ert"t"ran )an +er(ataan teta+i sebali(n#a mengg"na(an is#arat- simbol+ergera(an ba)an )an sebagain#a. !a)a (ebiasaann#a +engg"naan ba$asa verbal a)ala$ lebi$ mel"as. Dalam te(s narati6 ata" te(s (es"sasteraan- +engarang biasan#a memas"((an (e)"a7)"a elemen verbal )an b"(an verbal bagi t"j"an men#am+ai(an (om"ni(asi. Dalam +enterjema$an te(s narati6 )an (es"sasteraan- ba$asa b"(an verbal sering menimb"l(an masala$ (e+a)a +enterjema$ ter"tama se(ali )alam men#am+ai(an mesej (om"ni(asi. Antara elemen b"(an verbal #ang &"j") )alam te(s narati6 a)ala$ +araba$asa- (inesi(- +ro(semi(- (ronemi( )an rea(si (imia )an )ermal 8!o#atos (0119409: )alam !o#atos (011:40/1 ;. ,lemen b"(an verbal #ang menja)i 6o("s )alam (ajian ini a)ala$ elemen (inesi(. Dalam +enterjema$an elemen b"(an verbal- +enterjema$ +erl" mema$ami t"j"an (om"ni(asi. Unt"( mema$ami t"j"an man"sia ber(om"ni(asi- ma(a (ita +erl" meli$at (om"ni(asi sebagai s"at" +eristi&a. Ole$ it"- semasa menterjema$- +enterjema$ +erl" memberi 6o("s (e+a)a ma(na #ang ingin )isam+ai(an. Dalam $al ini ma(na $an#a bole$ )i+erole$i )engan mema$ami +eristi&a (om"ni(asi- iait" )engan meli$at elemen #ang )iberi(an 6o("s )alam +eristi&a (om"ni(asi (Ab)"lla$ Hassan )an Ainon Mo$).- .//04 9. . !enterjema$an ma(na +erl" )i"tama(an berban)ing terjema$an $ar6ia$ (erana sesetenga$ te(s mem+"n#ai 6"ngsi tertent" )alam men#am+ai(an ma(l"mat (e+a)a +emba*a. Men"r"t Ab)"lla$ Hassan )an Ainon Mo$). (.//0492 <=terjema$an #ang $ar6ia$ ti)a( menjelas(an ma(l"mat #ang tersirat )alam te(s asal. Ole$ it" +emba*a ti)a( )a+at mema$ami te(s terjema$an terseb"t. 5erjema$an #ang $ara6ia$ *"ma menterjema$ te(s asal s"+a#a j"mla$ +er(ataann#a sama ban#a(.>

Dalam +en"lisan te(s narati6 se+erti novel- +en"lisan se*ara )es(ri+ti6 )ig"na(an "nt"( me&"j")(an ba#angan imej #ang membole$(an +emba*a merasai ata" mengalami sit"asi ata" jalan *erita )engan bai(. !a)a (ebiasaann#a- +en"lis ti)a( a(an men#ata(an ter"s +erasaan #ang )ialami ole$ &ata( )alam *erita. !en"lis selal"n#a a(an menggambar(an &aja$ ata" m"(a seseorang #ang se)i$ ata" gembira- *onto$n#a- melal"i seseorang #ang tersen#"m lebar- ata"+"n memberita$" +emba*a )engan menggambar(an m"(a se)i$ iait" )engan menggambar(an e(s+resi se)i$ +a)a &ata(- *onto$n#a- melal"i gambaran mata #ang mera$ )an berair. Kae)a$ )es(ri+ti6 )alam +en"lisan novel +enting (erana (ae)a$ ini )a+at meng$i)"+(an lagi &ata( )alam novel )an seter"sn#a memberi(an (esan emosi (e+a)a +emba*a. Selain it"- (ae)a$ )es(ri+ti6 ini )a+at men#am+ai(an (esan imej #ang lebi$ ("at (e+a)a +emba*a se+erti #ang )in#ata(an ole$ Ir&in (01:14 ?2 4
The novelists power of visualization stimulates a corresponding imaginative energy in the reader. But beyond this, descriptions of gesture can be made, cumulatively or even individually, a significant aspect of character portrayal. character may reveal by some action or movement an emotion he is unwilling to e!press, or is perhaps unaware of feeling."

Ole$ #ang )emi(ian- +enting bagi +enterjema$ menterjema$(an elemen (inesi( #ang (eban#a(ann#a )it"lis )alam bent"( )es(ri+ti6 ole$ +en"lis novel bagi t"j"an meng$i)"+(an &ata(. !eng$i)"+an &ata( ini j"ga t"r"t men)"("ng ma(na tertent" #ang )a+at memberi (esan tertent" (e+a)a +emba*a. Ole$ #ang )emi(ian- +enterjema$ #ang menterjema$(an novel j"ga +erl" mem+"n#ai ba(at "nt"( meng$i)"+(an sem"la &ata( se(alig"s memberi(an (esan #ang sama se+erti #ang )ialami ole$ +emba*a te(s s"mber. Des(ri+si gera( is#arat j"ga )ili$at mem+"n#ai 6"ngsi )an ma(na tertent" )alam +en"lisan novelter"taman#a )ari segi men#o(ong a+a #ang )it"t"r(an ole$ &ata( )an )ari segi menggambar(an +erasaann#a. De"#n#$# %#ne$#% Men"r"t !o#atos (.//.b402@ - (inesi( )ita(ri6(an sebagai4
#onscious and unconscious psychomuscularly$based body movements and interventing or resulting still positions, either learned or somatogenic, of visual, visual$acoustic and tactile and %inesthetic perception, which, whether isolated or combined with the linguistic and paralinguistic structures and with other somatic and ob&ectual behavioral systems, possess intended or unintended communicative value.

3er)asar(an )e6inisi (inesi( #ang )iberi(an ole$ !o#atos- (inesi( mer"+a(an +ergera(an ba)an #ang )ila("(an se*ara se)ar ata" ti)a( se)ar )an setia+ +erla("an terseb"t mem+"n#ai ma(na ata" nilai (om"ni(asi tertent" )alam setia+ ting(a$ la(" sama a)a (om"ni(asi it" berla(" se*ara langs"ng ata" ti)a( langs"ng. ,lemen (inesi( melibat(an gera( is#arat- +erb"atan )an j"ga +ost"r. !ergera(an mata j"ga termas"( )alam elemen (inesi(. 3a$agian #ang bergaris )alam a#at7a#at beri("t mem+erli$at(an *onto$ elemen (inesi( #ang ter)a+at )alam novel The Great Gatsby.
'he was e!tended full length at her end of the divan, completely motionless, and with her chin raised a little, as if she were balancing something on it which was (uite li%ely to fall. ($lm.2 Tom Buchanan, who had been hovering restlessly about the room, stopped and rested his hand on my shoulder.($lm. 0/ )r. )c*ee regarded her intently with his head on one side, and then moved his hand bac% and forth slowly in front of his face. ($lm.90

+es, but listen," said )yrtle ,ilson, nodding her head up and down, at least you didnt marry him." ($lm. 9A

A%&#'#&# %#ne$#% Se+erti #ang )in#ata(an )alam )e6inisi (inesi( it" sen)iri- a(tiviti (inesi( men"r"t !o#atos (.//.b402@702: bole$ )ili$at melal"i em+at *ara iait"4 a vis"al- iait" a+abila (ita memi(ir(an ses"at" gera( is#arat tan+a mengg"na(an +an*ain)era ata" )eria (ita ata" )alam (ata lain- (ita mengimbas (embali +erb"atan #ang (ita la("(an ata" memba#ang(an ses"at" ting(a$ la(" )alam min)a (ita. +en)engaran- iait" a+abila (ita memeti( jari- mene+"( bela(ang seseorangberte+"( tangan- b"n#i )era+ (a(i )an sebagain#a. 5ing(a$ la(" ini +a)a (ebiasaann#a men)"("ng ma(na #ang ($"s"s &ala"+"n ti)a( semestin#a )itonjol(an. sent"$an- iait" a+abila seseorang it" ber+el"(an- ber*i"man ata" berjabat tangan )an j"ga melal"i rese+tor sent"$an tamba$an se+erti te(anan- +anassej"( )an j"ga (esa(itan. se*ara (inesteti(- iait" ting(a$ la(" it" ti)a( berla(" se*ara langs"ng sebali(n#a melal"i obje( #ang bertin)a( sebagai me)i"m ata" sal"ran- *onto$n#a se+erti meja #ang bergetar )isebab(an a)a in)ivi)" lain #ang ber(ongsi meja )engan (ita se)ang menggigil.

* )

Ole$ it"- )alam meneliti elemen (inesi( )alam te(s #ang )i+ili$- (eem+at7em+at *ara a(tiviti (inesi( it" +erl" )ili$at sama a)a se*ara vis"al- +en)engaran- sent"$an ma$"+"n se*ara (inesteti(. Dalam elemen (inesi(- ter)a+at )"a +rinsi+ #ang "tama #ang +erl" )i(eta$"i iait" )i66erentiation (+embe%aan )an j"ga )istin*tion (+erbe%aan . 3agi +rinsi+ +ertama iait" +embe%aan- tiga (ategori "tama iait" gera( is#arat- +erb"atan )an +ost"r +erl"la$ )ibe%a(an. !rinsi+ (e)"a +"la iala$ +erbe%aan- iait" )alam setia+ tiga (ategori #ang )in#ata(an )alam +rinsi+ +ertama +erl"la$ )ibe%a(an antara 6ree (bebas )an bo"n) (teri(at (!o#atos .//.b . Ge( % I$) ( & Bera( is#arat merang("mi sem"a +ergera(an sama a)a se*ara se)ar ata" ti)a( se)ar )an j"ga +ergera(an )i l"ar (a&alan. Bera( is#arat #ang +aling "tama merang("mi ba$agian (e+ala- m"(a sa$aja- serta anggota ba)an iait" tangan )an (a(i. Conto$n#a a)ala$ se+erti sen#"man- +erb"atan mengen#it(an mata )an mengerling. Conto$7*onto$ #ang bergaris beri("t a)ala$ antara gera( is#arat #ang )ij"m+ai )alam novel 5$e Breat Batsb#4
,eve got to beat them down," whispered -aisy, win%ing ferociously toward the fervent sun..hlm. /01 )r. )c*ee regarded her intently with his head on one side, and then moved his hand bac% and forth slowly in front of his face. .hlm.0/1 23 told that boy about the ice. )yrtle raised her eyebrows in despair at the shiftlessness of the lower order..hlm.041

Pe(*+ & n Perbuatan pula agak dinamik dan biasanya adalah dalam keadaan sedar atau tidak sedar. Perbuatan biasanya dipelajari dan berlaku mengikut situasi keadaan dan selalunya berubah-ubah dan berlaku secara spontan mengikut pertuturan. Perbuatan merujuk kepada gaya kita dalam melakukan

sesuatu perbuatan, gerak isyarat ataupun postur. Contohnya seperti ketawa, batuk dan menyilangkan tangan ataupun kaki. Contoh-contoh yang bergaris berikut adalah antara perbuatan yang dijumpai dalam novel The Great Gatsby:
The other girl, -aisy, made an attempt to rise$she leaned slightly forward with a conscientious e!pression$then she laughed, an absurd, charming little laugh, and 3 laughed too and came forward into the room. .hlm.51 3t was dar% now, and as we dipped under a little bridge 3 put my arm around 6ordans golden shoulder and drew her toward me and as%ed her to dinner. .hlm. 78$7/1 9e wal%ed (uic%ly over to ,ilson and standing in front of him seized him firmly by the upper arms..hlm. /:/1

P,$&+( !ost"r melibat(an (esel"r"$an ba)an sama a)a (a(i- tangan serta t"b"$ #ang bera)a )alam (ea)aan stati( (nam"n bergera( mengi("t +erb"atan #ang )ila("(an sama a)a se*ara se)ar ata" ti)a( se)ar. !ost"r +a)a (ebiasaann#a beriringan )engan gera( is#arat )an j"ga +erb"atan.
Tom Buchanan, who had been hovering restlessly about the room, stopped and rested his hand on my shoulder.($lm. 0/ 'lenderly, languidly, their hands set lightly on their hips , the two young women preceded us out on to a rosy$coloured porch, open toward the sunset ($lm. 0.

Pe(*e-

n *+. ) /e/*e(#% n & "$#( n ) ng *e(*e-

Ri*$mon) )an M*Cros(e# (011041 menegas(an ba$a&a the meanings of nonverbal messages may differ sharply from one culture to another; in some cases virtually opposite meanings may be stimulated by same behavior in two different cultures". Dermeer (012@40/. )alam Nor) (011:a4 ..E.9 j"ga men#ata(an ba$a&a- we understand that communication as being carried out by means of signs, which are verbal or nonverbal behavior associated with a concept or meaning by the producer, the receiver, or both. The meaning associated with the sign need not be the same for both the producer and the receiver". Nor) (011:4.9 j"ga a)a men#eb"t ba$a&a any form of behavior .perhaps a smile or brief silence1 may be intended to have meaning < by the producer and interpreted as having meaning + by the receiver". Ole$ it"- jelas se(ali ba$a&a ba$asa b"(an verbal ini sememangn#a mem+"n#ai ta6siran #ang berbe%a7be%a &ala"+"n +erla("ann#a a)ala$ sama. Hal ini bole$ menimb"l(an masala$ ter"tama (e+a)a +enterjema$ a+abila mere(a ti)a( mem+"n#ai +engeta$"an latar bela(ang #ang jelas tentang elemen b"(an verbal ini. Pe(*#n0 ng n P(,$e.+( Unt"( menganalisis +rose)"r terjema$an- +eng(aji mengg"na(an +rose)"r terjema$an #ang )ianj"r(an ole$ Ne&mar( (0122 . !rose)"r #ang )ianj"r(an ole$ Ne&mar( meli+"ti- +eminjaman .transference - +a)anan b")a#a .cultural e(uivalent1- +ene"tralan (neutralisation1- terjema$an literal (literal translation - label (label - nat"ralisasi (naturalisation - analisis (om+onen (componential analysis - +engg"g"ran (deletion - ("+let (couplet - +ara6rasa- gloss- nota )an sebagain#a .paraphrase, gloss, notes, etc1- terjema$an stan)ar) #ang )iterima (recognised translation serta sinonim (synonymy .

Pene+&( ! n (1 . n n "+ng$# n2.e$%(#1&#") Dalam +rose)"r ini ter)a+at )"a *ara #ang )ig"na(an iait" +ertama +a)anan 6"ngsian iait" meli$at (e+a)a 6"ngsi sebenar #ang &"j") )alam te(s s"mber mana(ala #ang (e)"a +"la a)ala$ +a)anan )es(ri+ti6. Dalam +a)anan )es(ri+ti6 +enterjema$ a(an meng$"rai(an ma(na bagi ses"at" (onse+ ata" +er(ataan s"+a#a +emba*a )a+at mema$ami )engan bai( mesej #ang )isam+ai(an. 3eri("t a)ala$ *onto$ +engg"naan +rose)"r ini )alam menterjema$(an elemen (inesi(4 ( ) P . n n "+ng$# n

3,n&,4 1 Te%$ S+/*e(5 The two girls and 6ordan leaned together confidentially. ($lm. ?? Te%$ Te(6e/ 4 n5 Ma(a )"a ga)is ta)i )an For)an +"n berbisi(7bisi(. ($lm. ?1 3,n&,4 7 Te%$ S+/*e(5 small, flat$nosed 6ew raised his large head and regarded me with two fine growths of hair which lu!uriated in either nostril. ($lm. @1 G :/ Te%$ Te(6e/ 4 n5 Seorang lela(i Ha$")i #ang berba)an (e*il )an ber$i)"ng (emi(- men)onga( )an men#amb"t(". (ms. :1 Dalam *onto$ )i atas- +enterjema$ meli$at (e+a)a ma(na +erb"atan #ang )ila("(an bagi men#am+ai(an (om"ni(asi (e+a)a +emba*a. Ini )a+at )ili$at melal"i terjema$an #ang )iberi(an )alam te(s sasaran. !enterjema$ ti)a( menterjema$(an a#at terseb"t +er(ataan )emi +er(ataan mengi("t te(s s"mber ata" menggambar(an (embali r"+a )an +erla("an &ata( sebali(n#a $an#a memberi(an ma(na +erb"atan terseb"t. !engg"naan +rose)"r +a)anan 6"ngsian ini )iangga+ te+at meman)ang(an ji(a +enterjema$ menterjema$(an a#at terseb"t se*ara literal- ma(na sebenar +erb"atan terseb"t s")a$ tent" ti)a( )a+at )i6a$ami )engan bai( ole$ +emba*a te(s sasaran. Ole$ it"- +engg"naan +rose)"r ini )iangga+ te+at )an berja#a men#am+ai(an ma(na (om"ni(asi antara &ata( )engan &ata( serta (e+a)a +emba*a te(s sasaran. (*) P . n n .e$%(#1&#"

3,n&,4 5 Te%$ S+/*e(5 3 waited, and sure enough, in a moment she loo%ed at me with an absolute smir% on her lovely face, as if she had."($lm. 02 Te%$ Te(6e/ 4 n5 <A(" menanti saatn#a- ma(a sejena( (em")ian te+at se+erti #ang a(" )"ga- )ia meman)ang a(" )engan sen#"man #ang +"as ter"(ir )i bibirn#a seola$7ola$ )ia tela$ menja)i=> ($lm..0 Dalam a#at )i atas +"la- +enterjema$ j"ga t"r"t memberi(an $"raian ma(na. Nam"n begit"- terjema$an #ang )iberi(an sebenarn#a a)ala$ terjema$an ("rang meman)ang(an ma(na smir% it" ti)a( )i$"rai(an )engan bai(. 'mir% men"r"t Kam"s Inggeris7Mela#" De&an ()alam talian - berma(s") Isen#"man #ang sinisJ- teta+i Isen#"man #ang +"asJ it"

j"ga bole$ men"nj"((an ba$a&a orang #ang tersen#"m +"as (erana berja#a mela("(an ses"at" *onto$n#a se+erti membalas )en)am )an sebagain#a. 'mir% ti)a( )iberi(an +a)anan #ang se)ia a)a iait" Isen#"m sinisJ sebali(n#a )iberi(an $"raian tentang (ea)aan sen#"man terseb"t sa$aja. 5erjema$an ini ("rang memberi(an (esan (e+a)a +emba*a berban)ing ji(a smir% it" )iterjema$(an sebagai sen#"m sinis #ang tern#ata jelas )an men)alam ma(s")n#a )i sit"- iait" seola$7ola$ mengeje( ata" meng$ina seseorang. Te(6e/ 4 n !#&e( ! 3,n&,4 8 Te%$ S+/*e(5 9is right hand suddenly ordered divine retribution to stand by. ($lm. @A Te%$ Te(6e/ 4 n5 5iba7tiba tangan (anann#a bergera( sebagai tan)a agar )ia )ise(sa se(iran#a )ia berbo$ong. ($lm. :? Dalam sit"asi a#at )i atas- &ata( )alam novel ini sebenarn#a rela bers"m+a$ ba$a&a )ia sebenarn#a ti)a( berbo$ong )an ji(a berbo$ong )ia rela menerima balasan. Nam"n begit"- a+abila +enterjema$ menterjema$(ann#a se*ara literal- ma(na sebenar #ang ingin )isam+ai(an (e+a)a +emba*a sasaran seola$7ola$ ti)a( memberi(an (om"ni(asi ata" (esan (e+a)a +emba*a. 5erjema$an #ang )iberi(an sememangn#a tia)a masala$ )ari segi ma(na $ar6ia$- nam"n ma(na (om"ni(asi ata" ma(na +erb"atan it" ti)a( )isam+ai(an )engan jelas )engan (ata lain- a+abila +emba*a memba*a terjema$an #ang )iberi(an- +emba*a ter+a(sa menggambar(an sem"la I+erb"atan tangan #ang bergera(J. Nam"n- bagaimana sebenarn#a I+erb"atan tangan #ang bergera(J terseb"t. Ma(nan#a ti)a( jelas (erana ter)a+at +elbagai I+erb"atan tangan #ang bergera(J. Ole$ it"- )alam $al ini+enterjema$ se+at"tn#a mengg"na(an +rose)"r +a)anan 6"ngsian meman)ang(an ma(na +enting )i sini a)ala$ I+erb"atan tangan (anan #ang bergera(J terseb"t sebenarn#a mengang(at tangan ingin bers"m+a$ bagi men"nj"((an ba$a&a )ia ti)a( berbo$ong- iait" ber)asar(an (e+a)a ma(na bagi +er(ataan divine retribution #ang men"r"t Kam"s Inggeris7 Mela#" De&an ()alam talian - I$"("man t"$anJ. !enterjema$ ti)a( bole$ menterjema$(ann#a se*ara literal a+abila ses"at" +erb"atan terseb"t ti)a( menggambar(an )engan jelas +erb"atan se+erti )alam te(s s"mber. Ma(na +erla("an ata" +erb"atan it" j"ga +erl" )ili$at mengi("t (onte(s +engg"naann#a )alam a#at #ang t"r"t )ibant" ma(na +ema$amann#a )engan meli$at +er(ataan lain #ang &"j") )alam te(s s"mber. Ole$ it"- a#at terseb"t lebi$ ses"ai )iterjema$(an se*ara +a)anan 6"ngsian (erana lebi$ sam+ai )an jelas ma(nan#a berban)ing )engan terjema$an literal. 3,n&,4 9 Te%$ S+/*e(5 Gatsbys eyes opened and closed. .pg. /001 Te%$ S $ ( n5 Mata Batsb# b"(a t"t"+7b"(a t"t"+. (ms. 0A0 Fi(a )ili$at +a)a terjema$an #ang )iberi(an ole$ +enterjema$- tia)a masala$ )ari segi +en#am+aian ma(na )i sit". Nam"n- ji(a )iteliti- )alam (onte(s ba$asa Mela#"- +a)a (ebiasaann#a Ib"(a t"t"+J ti)a( )ig"na(an bagi men"nj"((an +ergera(an mata #ang terb"(a )an tert"t"+. 3iasan#a +ergera(an mata #ang tert"t"+ )an terb"(a )iseb"t sebagai I+ejam *eli(J ata" se*ara ma(nan#a bole$ )iterjema$(an sebagai Imatan#a ber(eli+7(eli+J. Ini (erana ti)a( sem"a +erb"atan bole$ )iterjema$(an se*ara literal (erana (a)ang (ala terjema$an literal it" j"ga a(an memberi(an terjema$an #ang berba" terjema$an. I3"(a t"t"+J j"ga )ili$at ti)a( berses"aian )engan norma +engg"naan )alam ba$asa Mela#". Ole$ it"- +enterjema$ +erl" +an)ai memb"at +emili$an +er(ataan #ang berses"aian )engan

norma ba$asa sasaran se(alig"s memberi(an (esan ter$a)a+ +ema$aman +emba*a te(s sasaran. Ke$ n Te(6e/ 4 n 3agi t"j"an menilai (esan terjema$an +"la- +eng(aji mengg"na(an (onse+ #ang )i"tara(an ole$ Ne&mar( (0122 iait" terjema$an melam+a" ( overtranslation - terjema$an ("rang (undertranslation )an terjema$an sala$ (mistranslation . Te(6e/ 4 n /e! /1 + 5erjema$an melam+a" mer"j"( (e+a)a terjema$an #ang terlal" ter+erin*i )ari+a)a "nit ba$asa s"mber. Dalam terjema$an ini berla(" (e$ilangan ma(na a+abila &"j") +enamba$an ma(l"mat (+enamba$an ma(na #ang lebi$ "m"m . 3ebera+a *onto$ )imas"((an bagi meli$at terjema$an melam+a". 3,n&,4 : Te%$ S+/*e(5 (i -aisy loo%ed at Tom frowning and an indefinable e!pression, at once definitely unfamiliar and vaguely recognizable, as if 3 had only heard it described in words, passed over Gatsbys face. ($lm. 0.0
(ii 2-aisys home, he said. slightly. ($lm. 0?9 s we got out of the car he glanced at me and frowned

Te%$ Te(6e/ 4 n5 (i Sele+as teg"ran #ang ti)a( memba&a a+a7a+a ma(na ini )ib"at- s"asana sen#a+ sebentar. Dais# meman)ang 5om )engan masam- )an a(" ternam+a( air m"(a Batsb# ber"ba$. ($lm.092
(ii <Dais# )a$ sam+ai-> (atan#a. Semasa (ami (el"ar )ari+a)a (ereta )ia mengerling (e+a)a a(" )an memasam(an m"(an#a se)i(it. ($lm. 0@.

3 . ng n Te(6e/ 4 n5 (i Sele+as teg"ran #ang ti)a( memba&a a+a7a+a ma(na ini )ib"at- s"asana sen#a+ sebentar. Dais# meman)ang 5om )engan m"(a ber(er"t- )an a(" ternam+a( air m"(a Batsb# ber"ba$.
(ii <Dais# )a$ sam+ai-> (atan#a. Semasa (ami (el"ar )ari+a)a (ereta )ia mengerling (e+a)a a(" sambil ber(er"t se)i(it.

=rown men"r"t Kam"s >!ford dvanced ?earners- berma(s") to ma%e a serious, angry or worried e!pression by bringing your eyebrows closer together so that lines appear on your forehead. Mana(ala )alam Kam"s Inggeris7Mela#" De&an ()alam talian - frown berma(s") ber(er"t +a)a )a$i ata" (ening. Fi(a )ili$at +a)a *onto$ #ang )iberi(an )i atas+enterjema$ tela$ menterjema$(an +er(ataan frown sebagai Im"(a masamJ. Dalam (onte(s a#at ini- ma(na frown sebenarn#a ti)a( bole$ )iterjema$(an se*ara 6"ngsian. Ini (eranaber)asar(an (e+a)a te(s s"mber- +enterjema$ ti)a( mengeta$"i +erasaan sebenar #ang )i&a(ili ole$ frown terseb"t- sama a)a &ata( terseb"t se)ang mara$- bimbang ata" se)ang memb"at m"(a seri"s. Ole$ it"- terjema$an #ang )iberi(an )iangga+ melam+a" (erana memberi(an ma(s") #ang terlal" ($"s"s. A)a(alan#a- ra"t m"(a #ang masam it" berbe%a )engan +erb"atan ber(er"t. 3er(er"t biasan#a )a+at )ili$at )ari ("lit +a)a )a$i ata" ba$agian atas (ening- nam"n ji(a &aja$ m"(a #ang masam- +erb"atan masam m"(a it" ti)a( semestin#a &aja$ seseorang it" ber(er"t. 3arang(ali )ia mem"n*"ng(an m"l"tn#a- m"(an#a j"ga a(an (eli$atan masam. Fa)i +enterjema$ se+at"tn#a menggambar(an sa$aja +erb"atan menger"t(an m"(a )an

ti)a( +erl" menterjema$(ann#a sebagai Imasam m"(aJ. Ole$ it"- 2frown $an#a +erl" )iterjema$(an sebagai menger"t(an m"(a sa$aja. Ma(na #ang )i)"("ng ole$ +er(ataan Iber(er"tJ it" s")a$ men*"("+i bagi +emba*a "nt"( mema$ami gambaran +a)a &aja$ &ata( berban)ing )engan (ea)aan Im"(a #ang masamJ #ang tern#ata terlal" ($"s"s )an ti)a( jelas sama a)a &ata( +a)a (eti(a it" mara$- bimbang ata"+"n se)ang seri"s. Te(6e/ 4 n K+( ng 5erjema$an ("rang mer"j"( (e+a)a terjema$an #ang ("rang ter+erin*i )an lebi$ "m"m )ari+a)a te(s asal. 5erjema$an ini berla(" a+abila ma(na te(s terjema$an #ang )iterjema$(an ti)a( men*"("+i. Di ba&a$ mer"+a(an *onto$ terjema$an ("rang. 3,n&,4 9 Te%$ S+/*e(5 Before 3 could answer her eyes fastened with an awed e!pression on her little finger. ($lm.0. Te%$ Te(6e/ 4 n5 Sebel"m a(" sem+at menja&abn#a- mata Dais# tert"m+" (e+a)a jari (e*iln#a ($lm.0? 3 . ng n Te(6e/ 4 n5 Sebel"m a(" sem+at menja&abn#a- Dais# )engan m"(a ta("t meli$at jari (eling(ingn#a. ($lm.0? Men"r"t >!ford -ictionary online- awe berma(s") a feeling of great respect mi!ed with fear. Fi(a )ili$at +a)a (onte(s a#at- Dais# sebenarn#a se)ang meli$at (e+a)a jarin#a #ang se)i(it terl"(a (erana *"ba mema)am(an a+i lilin )engan jarin#a. 3er)asar(an (e+a)a te(s terjema$an- +enterjema$ tela$ mengg"g"r(an 6rasa awed e!pression )an (ea)aan ini tela$ men#ebab(an berla("n#a terjema$an ("rang. !enterjema$ se+at"tn#a menterjema$(an se(ali e(+resi &aja$ #ang (eta("tan it" bagi men"nj"((an +erasaan &ata( #ang berasa ta("t setela$ mel"(a(an jarin#a sen)iri. Wala"+"n )alam *a)angan terjema$an her eyes fastened ti)a( )a+at )iberi(an +a)anan #ang bet"l7bet"l te+at- nam"n+eng(aji merasa(an I+erb"atan meli$atJ it" s")a$ men*"("+i bagi menggambar(an ting(a$ la(" &ata( #ang meli$at sambil &aja$n#a (eli$atan ta("t. Sebai(7bai(- terjema$an setia+ ting(a$ la(" it" +erl" )iterjema$(an )engan teliti s"+a#a )a+at memberi gambaran imej #ang jelas (e+a)a +emba*a. Te(6e/ 4 n S ! 4 Sala$ terjema$an berla(" a+abila +enterjema$ memberi(an +a)anan #ang sala$ )an ti)a( men#am+ai(an ma(na sebenar #ang )i)"("ng ole$ ses"at" +er(ataan ata" a#at. Di ba&a$- )iserta(an bebera+a *onto$ bagi men"nj"((an terjema$an #ang sala$. 3,n&,4 10 Te%$ S+/*e(5 (i 23 told that boy about the ice. )yrtle raised her eyebrows in despair at the shiftlessness of the lower order.($lm.9. (ii 'he got up slowly, raising her eyebrows at me in astonishment, and followed the butler toward the house. ($lm. A0 Te%$ Te(6e/ 4 n5 (i <A(" )a$ berita$" b")a( it" tentang ais ta)i-> M#rtle mengen#it(an matan#a sebagai tan)a +"t"s asa (erana si(a+ en)a$ ta( en)a$ orang ba&a$an.($lm.9@

(ii

Dia bang"n +erla$an7la$an sambil mengen#it(an matan#a +a)a(" lal" )ia +"n menge(ori bab" it" (e )alam r"ma$. (ms A2

3 . ng n Te(6e/ 4 n5 (i <A(" )a$ berita$" b")a( it" tentang ais ta)i-> M#rtle menai((an (eningn#a sebagai tan)a +"t"s asa (erana si(a+ en)a$ ta( en)a$ orang ba&a$an.($lm.9@ (ii Dia bang"n +erla$an7la$an sambil menai((an (eningn#a +a)a(" lal" )ia +"n menge(ori (et"a +embant" r"ma$ lela(i it" (e )alam r"ma$. ($lm. A2 !erla("an raising eyebrows )alam (e)"a7)"a *onto$ )alam Conto$ 2 tela$ sala$ )iterjema$(an. @aise eyebrows ber)asar(an (am"s >!ford dvanced ?earners, berma(s")- to show that you disapprove of or are surprised by something. Dalam te(s terjema$an- raise eyebrow tela$ )iterjema$(an sebagai mengen#it(an mata. Ke)"a7)"a (ela("an ini mem+"n#ai 6"ngsi #ang berbe%a )alam (om"ni(asi. A+abila seseorang mengang(at ata" menai((an (ening- +a)a (ebiasaann#a- +erla("an terseb"t a)ala$ "nt"( men"nj"((an (ita ter(ej"t ata" ti)a( berset"j" )engan ses"at". Men"r"t ,(man )an Kriesen (01:A4 91 - The (uic% brow$raise may also be employed as a conversational punctuator. ,hile a person is tal%ing she may (uic%ly raise and lower her brows to emphasize a particular word or phrase". Ole$ #ang )emi(ian- +erb"atan menai( )an mengang(at (ening $ar"sla$ )ibe%a(an )engan Imengen#it mataJ. Ini (erana setia+ ting(a$ la(" )an +erla("an it" mem+"n#ai nilai )an 6"ngsi tertent" )alam (om"ni(asi. Men"r"t )e6inisi Kam"s De&an ,)isi ,m+at- I(en#itJ berma(s") mengeli+(an mata ata" mengang(at (ening sebagai memberi is#arat- biasan#a )engan sebela$ mata. De6inisi ini tern#ata mem+"n#ai )"a ma(na. Nam"n- +a)a (ebiasaann#a mengen#it(an mata mem+"n#ai ma(na (onotasi se+erti ingin memi(at seseorang ata"+"n sebagai (om"ni(asi ra$sia antara in)ivi)". !erb"atan mengen#it(an mata sebenarn#a mem+"n#ai ma(s") tertent" #ang mana bole$ men#ent"$ sensitiviti mas#ara(at lain #ang menggangga+ +erb"atan )an ting(a$ la(" terseb"t aga( ("rang so+an. Dalam b")a#a Ameri(a Latin- +erb"atan mengen#it(an mata a)ala$ s"at" bent"( +erla("an romanti( ata" se!ual invitation (aja(an se(s"al . Di Nigeria +"la- mas#ara(at Hor"ba a(an mengen#it(an mata +a)a ana( mere(a ji(a mere(a ma$" ana(7ana( mere(a meninggal(an bili(. 3agi mas#ara(at Cina +"la- +erb"atan mengen#it(an mata ini )iangga+ sebagai bia)a+ (Morris- 011? . Woo) (.//140.9 +"la mengata(an ba$a&a +erb"atan mengen#it(an mata ini memba&a ma(s") minat romanti(- menan)a(an la&a( ata"+"n m"ng(in j"ga a)a ses"at" +a)a mata seseorang #ang men#ebab(ann#a matan#a ber(en#it. Mana(ala Kontes (.//A40/9 mengata(an ba$a&a )i C$ile- +erb"atan mengen#it(an mata a)ala$ "nt"( menan)a(an +erset"j"an. 5ern#ata se(ali ter)a+at +erbe%aan ma(s") )i sebali( +erb"atan #ang )ila("(an bagi b")a#a lain. !erla("an ini j"ga mem+"n#ai ma(na tertent" )alam b")a#a Mela#" )an )iangga+ ti)a( so+an. Ole$ it"terjema$an #ang lebi$ te+at a)ala$ menai( ata" mengang(at(an (ening (erana +a)anan ini a)ala$ lebi$ te+at )an ti)a( mem+"n#ai ma(na (onotasi tertent". 3,n&,4 11 Te%$ S+/*e(5 2-ont hurry, )eyer, said Gatsby, without enthusiasm. )r ,olfshiem raised his hand in a sort of benediction. ($lm.:9 Te%$ Te(6e/ 4 n5 <5a( +a#a$ tergesa7gesa- Me#er-> (ata Batsb#- )engan lema$. ,n*i( Wol6s$iem mengang(at tangan seola$7ola$ )ia se)ang memba*a )oa. ($lm.2. 3 . ng n Te(6e/ 4 n5

>5a( "sa$ tergesa7gesa- Me#er-> (ata Batsb#- ti)a( bers"ngg"$7s"ngg"$. ,n*i( Wol6s$iem se(a)ar mengang(at tangann#a s"+a#a ti)a( mem+e)"li(ann#a.

Dalam *onto$ #ang )iberi(an )i atas- ter)a+at (esila+an )ari segi terjema$an #ang )iberi(an ole$ +enterjema$. Sala$ ta6siran ini berla(" (erana +erbe%aan sistem b")a#a antara b")a#a Inggeris )an b")a#a orang Mela#" #ang mengamal(an agama #ang berbe%a iait" agama Kristian bagi mas#ara(at Inggeris )an agama Islam bagi mas#ara(at Mela#". 3er)asar(an *onto$ )i atas- +erb"atan Iraised his hand in a sort of benediction tela$ )iterjema$(an sebagai Imengang(at tangan seola$7ola$ )ia se)ang memba*a )oaJ. Dalam (onte(s te(s s"mber- +erb"atan mengang(at tangan #ang seola$7ola$ memberi(an +erest"an it" sebenarn#a $an#ala$ ma$" menggambar(an +erb"atan &ata( #ang sebenarn#a meminta )iri )an ingin meninggal(an meja #ang (em")iann#a )i$alang ole$ &ata( Batsb# s"+a#a ti)a( meninggal(an meja. Nam"n- ,n. Wol6s$iem $an#a se(a)ar mengang(at tangann#a se+erti +erb"atan memberi rest" s"+a#a mere(a ber)"a- iait" Ni*( )an Batsb# mener"s(an +erb"alan mere(a tan+a +erl" mem+e)"li(ann#a. Dalam a#at ini+enterjema$ seola$7ola$ ("rang mema$ami (onse+ IbenedictionJ #ang )iamal(an )alam agama Kristian #ang (ela("ann#a se+erti memberi(an rest" )engan ta+a( tangann#a meng$ala (e ba&a$. A+abila )iterjema$(an sebagai Iseola$7ola$ se)ang memba*a )oaJgambaran imej Imemba*a )oaJ a)ala$ )alam (ea)aan ta+a( tangan meng$ala (e atas )an se)i(it meng$a)a+ (e ara$ m"(a. Fa)i- gambaran sebenar ata" (om"ni(asi sebenar #ang ingin )isam+ai(an )alam te(s s"mber it" gagal )igambar(an ole$ +enterjema$. Sit"asi ini s")a$ tent" a(an mengelir"(an +emba*a te(s terjema$an (erana +enggambaran sem"la +erb"atan &ata( (a)ang7(ala ti)a( )a+at men#am+ai(an ma(na +erb"atan )an (ea)aan ini memerl"(an +enterjema$ "nt"( memberi(an ma(na sa$aja )i sebali( +erb"atan #ang )ila("(an. Ke$#/1+! n Ole$ sebab it"- +enting bagi setia+ elemen (inesi( )iterjema$(an )engan jelas (erana setia+ elemen terseb"t mem+"n#ai 6"ngsi76"ngsi #ang tertent" )alam men#am+ai(an (om"ni(asi antara &ata( )engan &ata( )an j"ga +emba*a te(s sasaran. !enterjema$ j"ga +erl" meli$at j"ga (e+a)a 6"ngsi (om"ni(asi s"+a#a ma(na (om"ni(asi it" sam+ai )alam ga#a +en"lisan novel. Ole$ #ang )emi(ian- )alam menterjema$(an elemen (inesi( +enterjema$ ti)a( se$ar"sn#a ber+egang +a)a sat" +rose)"r sa$aja "nt"( menterjema$(an elemen ini. A)a(alan#a terjema$an literal j"ga +enting bagi menggambar(an sem"la +erla("an &ata( (+eng$i)"+an &ata( )an se(alig"s memberi(an (esan emosi (e+a)a +emba*a. A)a(alan#a j"ga 6"ngsi (om"ni(asi ata" ma(na )i sebali( (ela("an it" j"ga +erl" )ili$at a+abila ting(a$ la(" (inesi( terseb"t ti)a( men#am+ai(an a+a7 a+a (esan a+abila )iterjema$(an se*ara literal. F"ster" it"- +enterjema$ +erl"la$ bija( )alam memili$ +rose)"r ata" (ae)a$ #ang ses"ai "nt"( menterjema$(an elemen (inesi(. R+6+% n Ainon Ab" 3a(ar- (011/ . Tuan Gatsby. K"ala L"m+"r4 De&an 3a$asa )an !"sta(a. Ab)"lla$ Hassan G Ainon Mo$)- (.//0 . Teori dan Te%ni% Ter&emahan- K"ala L"m+"r4 !5S !"bli*ation G Distrib"tors S)n 3$). Ainon M"$amma)- (012A . Aanduan )enter&emah- K"ala L"m+"r4 De&an 3a$asa Dan !"sta(a. ,(man- !. )an Kriesen- W.D.- (01:? . Bnmas%ing the face- Ne& Ferse#4 !renti*e Hall. Kit%geral)- K.S.- (01A9 . The Great Gatsby. Ne& Hor( 4 !eng"in 3oo(s.

Kontes- L.A. (.//A . #hild buse and #ultureC ,or%ing with -iverse =amilies. Ne& Hor(4 5$e B"il6or) !ress- )i*a+ai +a)a 0: Fan"ari ./0/ )ari laman &eb4 $tt+4EEboo(s.google.*om.m#Eboo(sL i)MUotDa()Bn9HCG+rintse*M6ront*overGso"r*eMgbsNv.Ns"mmar#NrG*a)M/OvMone +ageGPG6M6alse Morain- B.B.- (012@ . <Kinesi*s an) *ross7*"lt"ral "n)erstan)ing> )alam Dal)Qs- F.M.#ulture BoundC Bridging the #ultural Gap in ?anguage Teaching Cambri)ge4 Cambri)ge Universit# !ress- )i*a+ai +a)a ./ Fan"ari ./0/ )ari laman &eb4 $tt+4EEboo(s.google.*om.m#Eboo(sL i)MP".KRg@ZInMCG+rintse*M6ront*overGso"r*eMgbsNv.Ns"mmar#NrG*a)M/OvMone +ageGPG6M6alse Morris- D.- (011? . Bodytal%C The )eaning of 9uman Gestures. Ne& Hor(4 Cro&n 5ra)e !a+erba*(s - )i*a+ai +a)a 0: Fan"ari ./0/ )ari laman &eb4 )anagement 'ciences for 9ealth- S"alit# an) C"lt"re- 5o+i*4 Nonverbal *omm"ni*ation $tt+4EEer*.ms$.orgEmain+age.*6mL6ileM?.@./.$tmGmo)"leM+rovi)erGlang"ageM,nglis$ Ne&mar(- !.- (0120 . pproaches to Translation. Ne& Hor(4 !ergamon NNNNNNNNNN- (0122 . Te!tboo% of Translation. Ne& Hor(4 !renti*e Hall.

Nor)- C.- (0110 . Te!t nalysis in TranslationC Theory, )ethodology, and -idactic pplication of a )odel for Translation$oriented Te!t nalysis. Amster)am4 Ro)o+i. NNNNNNN- (011:a . Translating as Man*$ester4 St. Ferome. Aurposeful ctivityC =unctionalist pproaches D!plained.

NNNNNNN- (011:b . <Ali*e abroa)4 Dealing &it$ )es*ri+tions an) trans*ri+tions o6 +aralang"ange in literar# translation> )alam !o#atos- K.- Eonverbal #ommunication and TranslationC Eew Aerspectives and #hallenges in ?iterature, 3nterpretation and the )edia. Amster)am4 Fo$n 3enjamins. ($lm. 0/:70.1 NNNNNNN- (./// . <W$at )o &e (no& abo"t t$e target7teRt re*eivers> )alam 3eeb#- A.,nsinger- D.- G !resas- M.- (e) . 3nvestigating Translation. Amster)am4 Fo$n 3enjamins- ($lm. 01A7.0. !o#atos- K.- (0120 . <Korm an) K"n*tions o6 Nonverbal Comm"ni*ation in t$e Novel4 A Ne& !ers+e*tive o6 t$e A"t$or7C$ara*ter7Rea)er Relations$i+> )alam Sebeo(- 5.A. G Umi(er7Seboe(- F.-. Eonverbal #ommunication 3nteraction and Gesture C selections from 'emiotica. Ne& Hor(4 Mo"ton. ($lm. 0/:70?1 NNNNNNNNN- (011: . Eonverbal #ommunication and TranslationC Eew Aerspectives and #hallenges in ?iterature, 3nterpretation and the )edia. Amster)am4 Fo$n 3enjamins. NNNNNNNNN- (.//.a . Eonverbal #ommunication across -isciplines. Dol. 0 Amster)am4 Fo$n 3enjamins. NNNNNNNNN- (.//.b . Eonverbal #ommunication across -isciplines. Dol. . Amster)am4 Fo$n 3enjamins. NNNNNNNNN- (.//.* . Eonverbal #ommunication across -isciplines. Dol. 9 Amster)am4 Fo$n 3enjamins. Ri*$mon)- D. !. )an M*Cros(e#- F. C. - (0110 . Eonverbal Behavior in 3nterpersonal @elations. Ne& Ferse#4 !renti*e Hall.

Se&all- R. 3.- (01@9 . 'cott =itzgerald C Hall.

#ollection of #ritical Dssays . Ne& Ferse#4 !renti*e

S$"ttle&ort$- M. )an Co&ie- M.- (011: . The -ictionary of Translation 'tudies. Lee)s4 Fo$n 3enjamins. 5an Soo !ing- (012/ . =rancis 'cott =itzgeraldC The Great Gatsby. Singa+ore4 Longman. Woo)- F.5.- (.//1 . 3nterpersonal #ommunicationC Dveryday Dncounters- Cali6ornia4 Wa)s&ort$)i*a+ai +a)a ./ Fan"ari ./0/ )ari laman &eb4 $tt+4EEboo(s.google.*om.m#Eboo(sL i)M*5#ajaS"NCICG+rintse*M6ront*overGso"r*eMgbsNnavlin(sNsOvMone+ageGPMG6M6 alse Woo)- M.- (0111 . -escription. O$io4 WriterJs Digest 3oo(s.