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Tissue: The Living Fabric: Part A

Tissues Groups of cells similar in structure and function Types of tissues
Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue erve tissue

Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium) T!o main types "by location#:

1 2 Covering and lining epithelia $n e%ternal and internal surfaces Glandular epithelia &ecretory tissue in glands

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue 1 Cells have polarity'apical "upper( free# and basal "lo!er( attached# surfaces
Apical surfaces may bear microvilli "e)g)( brush border of intestinal lining# or cilia "e)g)( lining of trachea# oncellular basal lamina of glycoprotein and collagen lies ad*acent to basal surface

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue 2 Are composed of closely pac+ed cells

Continuous sheets held together by tight *unctions and desmosomes

3 &upported by a connective tissue reticular lamina "under the basal lamina# 4 Avascular but innervated 5 ,igh rate of regeneration Classification of Epithelia As+ t!o -uestions:

,o! many layers. / 0 simple epithelium 1/ 0 stratified epithelium 2hat type of cell. &-uamous Cuboidal Columnar "3f stratified( name according to apical layer of cells#

Classification of Epithelia
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Overview of Epithelial Tissues For each of the follo!ing types of epithelia( note:
4escription Function Location

Epithelia: Simple Squamous T!o other locations

Endothelium The lining of lymphatic vessels( blood vessels( and heart Mesothelium The epithelium of serous membranes in the ventral body cavity

Epithelia: Stratified Cuboidal 5uite rare in body Found in some s!eat and mammary glands Typically t!o cell layers thic+ Epithelia: Stratified Columnar Limited distribution in body &mall amounts in pharyn%( male urethra( and lining some glandular ducts Also occurs at transition areas bet!een t!o other types of epithelia Glandular Epithelia A gland is one or more cells that ma+es and secretes an a-ueous fluid Classified by:

 &ite of product release'endocrine or e%ocrine 6elative number of cells forming the gland'unicellular "e)g)( goblet cells# or multicellular

Endocrine Glands 4uctless glands &ecrete hormones that travel through lymph or blood to target organs Exocrine Glands More numerous than endocrine glands &ecrete products into ducts &ecretions released onto body surfaces "s+in# or into body cavities E%amples include mucous( s!eat( oil( and salivary glands nicellular Exocrine Glands The only important unicellular gland is the goblet cell !ulticellular Exocrine Glands Multicellular e%ocrine glands are composed of a duct and a secretory unit Classified according to:
4uct type "simple or compound# &tructure of their secretory units "tubular( alveolar( or tubuloalveolar#

!odes of Secretion Merocrine

Products are secreted by e%ocytosis "e)g)( pancreas( s!eat and salivary glands#

,olocrine

Products are secreted by rupture of gland cells "e)g)( sebaceous glands#