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2 1 2 Sech _
1 _ x_ 2 t
_
1_ _ 2 _
2 _ 1 _ Csch _ _
2 _ x_ 2 t
_
2_ _ 2 _
2 _ 2
_
_ _
2 Coth _ _
2 _ x_ 2 t
_
2_ _ 2 _ _
_ 2 _ _
2
_
_ 1 Tanh _ _
1 _ x_ 2 t
_
1_ _ 2 _
2
Simplify _ KdV0p _ "*o_ _ 0
"h%ee _ KdV _ _ _ 1, _ 2, _ 3_ , x, t_
Sech _ _ _
1 _ x _ 2 t
_
1 _
_
2 _ 2
_
1 _
_
_
2 _ _
2 _ _
3 _
_
_
_
2 _ _
1 _ _
2 _ _
_
Sech _! "
1 # x$ 2 t
"
1% & 2 '
2 ( 1 ) Csch *,+ "
2 # x$ 2 t
"
2 % & 2 '
2 ( 2-. /
0 132
2 Coth *,+ "
2 # x$ 2 t
"
2 % & 2 ' 2 ( 2 ) 2
2
2 ( 1 Tanh *,+ "
1 # x$ 2 t
"
1% & 2 ' -.
2 )
2 4 1 ( 1 ) ( 3 5 /
0 1
Sech *,+ "
1 # x$ 2 t
"
1% & 2 '
2 ( 1 ) Sech *,+ "
3 # x$ 2 t
"
3 % & 2 '
2 ( 3 -. /
0 1 2
2
2 ( 1 Tanh * + "
1 # x$ 2 t
"
1% & 2 ' ) 2
2
2 ( 3 Tanh * + "
3 # x$ 2 t
"
3 % & 2 ' -.
2 -
.
-
.
6
8he first parameter of this block is a list3 4f it contains one element a one#olitons solution
is
calculate", if it contains t6o or three elements 0# or C#olitons solutions are calculate"3 4t is
ensure" in the co"e that the con"ition is not violate"3 7 0 P 7 1 P 7 Calls, results, an" proofs are-
Lor three solitons an analytical solution 6as obtaine", but Mathematica 6as not able to
verify that
it truly fulfills the K": e;uation-
Klaus Brauer: The Korteweg - de Vries Equation 15
8
9
2 : ; 1 < ; 2 =
<?> 2 Coth @BA C
2 D xE 2 t
C
2F G2 H > ; 2 J> 2 > ; 1 Tanh @,A C
1 D xE 2 t
C
1 F G2 H
<
2 : < ; 1 ; 3 =
< > 2 > ; 1 Tanh @A C
1 D xE 2 t
C
1 F G2 H > 2 > ; 3 Tanh @A C
3 D xE 2 t
C
3 F G2 H
K
L
^ 2
4t is easy no6 to 6rite C a""itional blocks in Mathematica to pro"uce a CD plot, a contour
plot,
an" a se;uence of 0D plots 6hich can be animate"3 8he co"e is strai9htfor6ar", the results
are
not sho6n here but may be seen visitin9 Brauer <0&&&=, further information is 9ot by
visitin9
>ilbeck <1%%1=3
8hese analytical solutions are very helpful 6hen applyin9 numerical metho"s since a
comparison
is possible, see "e Lrutos & anJ#erna <1%%K= an" chiesser <1%%$=3 ! "ifferent approach
in
obtainin9 solutions to the K": e;uation is sho6n by :arley & eymour <1%%1=3
e%erences
Brauer, K3 <0&&&=3 http,--www.usf.uni-osnabrueck.de-.kbrauer-solitons.html
Bullou9h, )3K3 <1%11=3 /'he &ave par excellence/, the solitary, progressive great wave of
e0uilibrium
of the fluid - an early history of the solitary wave. 4n olitons <M3 Makshmanan, >"3=, prin9er
eries in (onlinear Dynamics, 1/, (e6 Tork, Berlin, Dei"elber9 etc3- prin9er3
DraJin, ,3+3 <1%1C=3 olitons3 Mon"on- Cambri"9e University ,ress <Mon"on Mathematical ociety,
Mecture (ote eries 1/, 4( &&K'#&//0=3
>ilbeck, C3 <1%%1=3 http,--www.ma.hw.ac.uk-.chris-scott1russell.html
"e Lrutos, E3F anJ#erna, E3M3 <1%%K=3 !ccuracy an" conservation properties in numerical
inte9ration- the
case of the Korte6e9 # "e :ries e;uation3 2um. Math. K/, $01 # $$/3
)ussell, E3 3 <11$/=3 )eport on Baves3 3eport of the "%th meeting of the *ritish !ssociation for the
!dvancement of cience, 4ork, eptember "#%%, pp C11#C%&, ,lates UM:44#M:44=3 Mon"on3
chiesser, B3>3 <1%%$=3 Metho" of lines solution of the Korte6e9 # "e :ries e;uation3 5omp. 6
Maths.
with !ppls. 01, 1$K # 1/$3
:arley, >3F eymour, B3)3 <1%%1=3 ! imple Derivation of the (#oliton olutions to the Korte6e9
# "e
:ries >;uation3 I!M 7ournal on !ppl. Math3 /1, %&$#%113
:ve"enskii, D3 <1%%0=3 8artial 9ifferential :0uations with Mathematica3 Bokin9ham <>n9lan"=
etc3-
!""ison#Besley3
Bolfram, 3 <1%%%=3 'he Mathematica *ook3 Cambri"9e <UK=- Cambri"9e University ,ress3