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Fig. 1 track and rail related irregularity ( up/ below
!
(
( (
!
(
( (
( sin
!
(
( (
( sin
!
(
( (
"
"
s x s
x u x y
s x s
x u x y
x
x s
x h x z
x
x s
x h x z
r
l
r
l
+
+
( ( (
( (
(
( ( ( (
!
( (
(
!
( (
(
"
"
x y x y s
x z x z
arctg x
x y x y s x s
x y x y
x u
x z x z
x h
r l
r l
r l
r l
r l
+
+
+
CrossLevel x x
Gage x s x s s
Alignment x u x u u
ofile Vertical x h x h h
N
N
N
N
( (
( (
( (
#r ( (
3
which is composed by a
%arity of harmonic wa%es
a random process is
described as
In which
described as
$ccording to the
random %ibration
theory
The %ariance of
harmonic wa%e means
also its power at the
related fre'uency, which
describes the feature of a
random process in
fre'uency domain, and is
(ust like auto correlation
function in time domain.
The ma&imum %alue of
auto correlation function
is %ariance. #ut %ariances
at each fre'uency in one
plot, a power spectral is
thus obtained. To remo%e the effects of fre'uency inter%al
+
k
i
i i i
x b x h
1
cos( (
i i
L / !
v L v / !
!
1
!
(
1
n
j
j
hi h h
n
h
1
1
h
1
(X)
h1
h
()
x
x
0
h(X)
h
fig.! #)* of track irregularity (principle description
+
,
-
!
!
1 "
+
,
-
!
!
1 "
(
a a a a
b b b b
S
+ + +
+ + +
mathematic priciple
$ shape filter
( j F
is constructed from (
!
S and satisfied flowing form
)hape filter
( j F
con%erts a white noise
(t f
to a colored noise
con%olution
integral
d t h f t u
t
"
( ( (
In which
(t h
means impulse response of
( j F
or in other words
( j F
is a Fourier
transform of
(t h
d e h j F
j
( (
The #)* of obtained time domain sample is
note
di%ided
by ! means in unit rad
( (
1
!
!
1
1 ( ( . ( . (
"
!
j F j F j F j F S j F S
u
,
_
)o, this pro%es that
(t u
is one of sample obtained by fre'uency domain track irregularity
#)*.
For speed
v
v
(
1
( S
v
S
so
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
,
,
!
! 1 "
1 "
(
1
(
v
j
v
j
v
j
v
j
v
j
b b b b
a a
j F
v
j F
+ + +
+
/eneral coefficients in v!"m#s are gi%en.
,
,
!
! 1 "
1 "
( ( (
(
(
j b j b j b b
j a a
j F
+ + +
+
Instruction of
ad!usted track
and
(w
and
need ad!usting track means 'ad track(
$ccording to e&perience, $$R %ertical profile is too much big.
5imited speeds for $$R track of different classes are listed in following table
Track class
+ 6 - , ! 1
Freight car (km/h 17+ 1!8 9+ +- -" 16
#assenger car (km/h 17+ 1-- 1!8 9+ -8 !-
For locomoti%es, because of much hea%ier a&le loads and no empty/full different, the limited
speed should be higher than the table listed, but no %alues are proposed.
!
( +9"- . 1 ",- . "
""!86 . "
(
j j
j F
+ +
!
8-6! . " "1+98+7+ . "
"""9!8"+6 . "
(
+ +
j
j F
, !
( ( !8,! . 1 "77- . " ""7--"!"1 . "
""1! . "
(
j j j
j
j F
+ + +
Alignmen
t
Vertical
Profile
Cross lev
el
!
( +9"- . 1 ",- . "
""67 . "
(
j j
j F
+ +
!
( 8-6! . " "1+98+7+ . "
""11-,86+ . "
(
j j
j F
+ +
, !
( ( !8,! . 1 "77- . " ""7--"!"1 . "
""16 . "
(
j j j
j
j F
+ + +
Aligmnent
Vertical
Prifile
Cross Le
vel
AAR6!
" #$ #$
AAR6!
" #$ #$
AAR6!
" #$ #$
%&'
(&)
A*
(&
+" ,-./
%&01
2 3AAR
4 AR!51
61
73AAR+AAR!896
Fig.,(green: ad(usted , need ad(usting track/ read: $$R class +,-,!/ blue: /germany high, low
) PSD coefficients of **+ track class
$$R track irregularities are gi%en in inch unit system
+
+
A
S
$
1
1"
>-
in
!
/cpf
1"
>,
cpf
1"
>!
cpf
"., ".6 ".9 1.+ !.8 6."
1"." 1"." 1"." 1"." 1"." 1"."
6.+ 6.+ 6.+ 6.+ 6.+ 6.+
;ertical
#rofile
(
(
(
!
!
! -
!
1
! !
!
+
+
A
S
$
1
1"
>-
in
!
/cpf
1"
>,
cpf
1"
>!
cpf
".6 ".8 1.- !.6 -.6 7.9
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
-." -." -." -." -." -."
0ross
le%el
( (
(
!
!
! !
1
!
!
!
+ +
A
S
$
1
1"
>-
in
!
/cpf
1"
>,
cpf
1"
>!
cpf
"., ".6 ".7 1.1 1.+ !.,
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
-." -." -." -." -." -."
For compare among different track conditions and for con%enient application in dynamic
software, I)? metric unit system is recommended. For I)? metric unit system, a general form of
#)* e%en and real function representation is used
circle m m /
!
$$R track irregularities gi%en in metric unit system is gi%en in following table.
Take alignment irregularity as an e&le
( )
( (
( (
1--
1
1--
1 1
1--
1
(
!
!
! -
!
1
! !
!
!
!
! -
!
1
!
!
!
, !
k
k k A
k
k k
k
A
k k
S
k k
S
+
+
1
1
]
1
+
,
_
,
_
1
1
]
1
+
,
_
,
_
m
%
m#circle
In principle coefficient k reduce %ertical coordinate
1ft#circle@1/k m#circle
magnify
horiAontal coordinate. Further more unit in
!
in #)* should be changed to m
!
k k
k A
k
k k
A
k k
S
k k
S
+ +
1
1
]
1
+
,
_
1
1
]
1
+
,
_
,
_
m
!
m/circle
Table: #)* coefficients of $$R track class under metric unit system
model
circle m m /
!
+
+
A
S
$
1
1"
>7
m
!
/cir./m
1"
>,
cir./m
1"
>!
cir./m
".+,6" 1."68, 1.9"6" ,.,8+7 6.9!+7 1".68,6
,!.8"8" ,!.8"8" ,!.8"8" ,!.8"8" ,!.8"8" ,!.8"8"
18.,-!6 18.,7!6 18.,7!6 18.,7!6 18.,7!6 18.,7!6
;ertical
#rofile
(
(
(
!
!
! -
!
1
! !
!
+
+
A
S
$
1
1"
>7
m
!
/cir./m
1"
>,
cir./m
1"
>!
cir./m
1."68, 1.+9,- !.9+,- 6.!917 9.6!61 1+.7!19
!,.!9,7 !,.!9,7 !,.!9,7 !,.!9,7 !,.!9,7 !,.!9,7
1,.1!,! 1,.1!,! 1,.1!,! 1,.1!,! 1,.1!,! 1,.1!,!
0ross
5e%el
( (
(
!
!
! !
1
!
!
!
+ +
A
S
$
1
1"
>7
m
!
/cir./m
1"
>,
cir./m
1"
>!
cir./m
".+,6" 1."68, 1.-817 !.,!8- ,.,8+7 -.8+8-
!,.!9,7 !,.!9,7 !,.!9,7 !,.!9,7 !,.!9,7 !,.!9,7
1,.1!,! 1,.1!,! 1,.1!,! 1,.1!,! 1,.1!,! 1,.1!,!
In general form, the coefficients listed in following table
Table: $$R track #)* in I)? metric unit system, general form representation
1/m
"
a
1
a
!
a
,
a
"
b
1
b
!
b
+ " " ".",,766 1 ".!,"7e>11 !.1-,6e>9 "
! " " "."17!!! 1 "."989e>11 1.8!!+e>9 "
"# 9.,--6e>+ "."177+ 1 " 1."9,+e>9 " "
6 " " ".",,766 1 ".,8-6e>11 ,.67!-e>9 "
! " " "."17!!! 1 ".168!e>11 !.91+,e>9 "
"# 9.,--6e>+ "."177+ 1 " 1.8!!+7e>9 " "
- " " ".",,766 1 ".+9!1e>11 +.-,"-e>9 "
! " " "."17!!! 1 ".!7+9e>11 6.1",6e>9 "
"# 9.,--6e>+ "."177+ 1 " !.6617e>9 " "
, " " ".",,766 1 1.!,"6e>11 11.-,18e>9 "
! " " "."17!!! 1 ".-9-6e>11 9.11,,e>9 "
"# 9.,--6e>+ "."177+ 1 " -.""99e>9 " "
! " " ".",,766 1 !.16,,e>11 !".""6+e>9 "
! " " "."17!!! 1 ".89"1e>11 1+.-"-"e>9 "
"# 9.,--6e>+ "."177+ 1 " 6.8,!6e>9 " "
1 " " ".",,766 1 ,.8-6!e>11 ,6.7!-,e>9 "
! " " "."17!!! 1 1.6+!+e>11 !8.7981e>9 "
"# 9.,--6e>+ "."177+ 1 " 8.,8-,e>9 " "
1hile simulation in time domain, an irregularity sample is obtained form shape filter
which is
related to #)* function as following
see. -