lig. 1.1.2S.

Long-coupled pump
wiIh basic coupling
lig. 1.1.26. Long-coupled pump wiIh spacer coupling
16
1.1.8 MuItistage pumps
MulIisIage pumps are used in insIallaIions where a high
head is needed. Several sIages are connecIed in series and
Ihe Ilow is guided Irom Ihe ouIleI oI one sIage Io Ihe inleI
oI Ihe nexI. 1he Iinal head IhaI a mulIisIage pump can
deliver is equal Io Ihe sum oI pressure each oI Ihe sIages
can provide.
1he advanIage oI mulIisIage pumps is IhaI Ihey provide
high head relaIive Io Ihe Ilow. Like Ihe single-sIage pump,
Ihe mulIisIage pump is available in boIh a verIical and a
horizonIal version, see Iigures 1.1.23 and 1.1.24.
1.1.9 Long-coupIed and cIose-coupIed
pumps
lcng-ccupIed pumps
Long-coupled pumps are pumps wiIh a Ilexible coupling
IhaI connecIs Ihe pump and Ihe moIor. 1his kind oI
coupling is available eiIher as a basic coupling or as a
spacer coupling.
lI Ihe pump is connecIed Io Ihe moIor by a basic coupling,
iI is necessary Io dismounI Ihe moIor when Ihe pump
needs service. 1hereIore, iI is necessary Io align Ihe pump
upon mounIing, see Iigure 1.1.2S.
On Ihe oIher hand, iI Ihe pump is IiIIed wiIh a spacer
coupling, iI is possible Io service Ihe pump wiIhouI
dismounIing Ihe moIor. AlignmenI is Ihus noI an issue,
see Iigure 1.1.26.
CIcse-ccupIed pumps
Close-coupled pumps can be consIrucIed in Ihe Iollowing
Iwo ways. LiIher Ihe pump has Ihe impeller mounIed
direcIly on Ihe exIended moIor shaII or Ihe pump has a
sIandard moIor and a rigid or a spacer coupling, see Iigures
1.1.27 and 1.1.28.
lig. 1.1.24. RorizonIal mulIisIage
end-sucIion pump
lig. 1.1.23. verIical
mulIisIage in-line pump
lig. 1.1.27. Close-coupled pump wiIh
rigid coupling
8asic coupIing
type
Long-coupled
pump wiIh
Ilexible coupling
Close-coupled
pump wiIh
rigid coupling
5pacer coupIing
(option)
lig. 1.1.28. DiIIerenI coupling Iypes
5ection 1.1
Pump construction
17
lig. 1.2.1. Long-coupled sIandard pump
lig. 1.2.2. 8are shaII sIandard pump
lig. 1.2.3. Long-coupled spliI-case pump
lig. 1.2.4. SpliI-case pump
wiIh double-sucIion impeller
1.2.1 5tandard pumps
lew inIernaIional sIandards deal wiIh cenIriIugal pumps.
ln IacI, many counIries have Iheir own sIandards, which
more or less overlap one anoIher. A sIandard pump is
a pump IhaI complies wiIh oIIicial regulaIions as Io Ior
example Ihe pump's duIy poinI. WhaI Iollows, are a couple
oI examples oI inIernaIional sIandards Ior pumps.
LN 733 (DlN 242SS) applies Io end-sucIion cenIriIugal
pumps, also known as sIandard waIer pumps wiIh a
raIed pressure (PN) oI 10 bar.

LN 228S8 (lSO 28S8) applies Io cenIriIugal pumps, also
known as sIandard chemical pumps wiIh a raIed
pressure (PN) oI 16 bar, see appendix K.
1he sIandards menIioned above cover Ihe insIallaIion
dimensions and Ihe duIy poinIs oI Ihe diIIerenI pump
Iypes. As Io Ihe hydraulic parIs oI Ihese pump Iypes, Ihey
vary according Io Ihe manuIacIurer - Ihus, no inIernaIional
sIandards are seI Ior Ihese parIs.
Pumps, which are designed according Io sIandards, provide
Ihe end-user wiIh advanIages wiIh regard Io service, spare
parIs and mainIenance.
1.2.2 5pIit-case pumps
A spliI-case pump is a pump wiIh Ihe pump housing
divided axially inIo Iwo parIs. ligure 1.2.4 shows a single-
sIage spliI-case pump wiIh a double-sucIion impeller.
1he double-inleI consIrucIion eliminaIes Ihe axial
Iorces and ensures a longer liIe span oI Ihe bearings.
Usually, spliI-case pumps have a raIher high eIIiciency,
are easy Io service and have a wide perIormance range.
5ection 1.2
1ypes of pumps
5ection 1.2
1ypes of pumps
18
1.2.3 HermeticaIIy seaIed pumps
lI comes as no surprise IhaI a pump's shaII lead-in has Io be
sealed. Usually, Ihis is done by means oI a mechanical shaII
seal, see Iigure 1.2.S. 1he disadvanIage oI Ihe mechanical
shaII seal is iIs poor properIies when iI comes Io handling
oI Ioxic and aggressive liquids, which consequenIly leads
Io leakage. 1hese problems can Io some exIenI be solved
by using a double mechanical shaII seal. AnoIher soluIion
Io Ihese problems is Io use a hermeIically sealed pump.
We disIinguish beIween Iwo Iypes oI hermeIically sealed
pumps. Canned moIor pumps and magneIic-driven pumps.
ln Ihe Iollowing Iwo secIions, you can Iind addiIional
inIormaIion abouI Ihese pumps.
Canned motor pumps
A canned moIor pump is a hermeIically sealed pump wiIh
Ihe moIor and pump inIegraIed in one uniI wiIhouI a seal,
see Iigures 1.2.6 and 1.2.7. 1he pumped liquid is allowed Io
enIer Ihe roIor chamber IhaI is separaIed Irom Ihe sIaIor
by a Ihin roIor can. 1he roIor can serves as a hermeIically
sealed barrier beIween Ihe liquid and Ihe moIor. Chemical
pumps are made oI maIerials, e.g. plasIics or sIainless
sIeel IhaI can wiIhsIand aggressive liquids.
1he mosI common canned moIor pump Iype is Ihe
circulaIor pump. 1his Iype oI pump is Iypically used in
heaIing circuiIs because Ihe consIrucIion provides low
noise and mainIenance-Iree operaIion.
lig. 1.2.S. Lxample oI a sIandard pump wiIh mechanical shaII seal
Liquid
AImosphere
Seal
lig. 1.2.7. CirculaIor pump
wiIh canned moIor
MoIor can
lig. 1.2.6. Chemical pump wiIh canned moIor
MoIor can
Magnetic-driven pumps
ln recenI years, magneIic-driven pumps have become
increasingly popular Ior IransIerring aggressive and Ioxic
liquids.
As shown in Iigure 1.2.8, Ihe magneIic-driven pump is
made oI Iwo groups oI magneIs, an inner magneI and
an ouIer magneI. A non-magneIizable can separaIe Ihese
Iwo groups. 1he can serves as a hermeIically sealed barrier
beIween Ihe liquid and Ihe aImosphere. As iI appears
Irom Iigure 1.2.9, Ihe ouIer magneI is connecIed Io Ihe
pump drive and Ihe inner magneI is connecIed Io Ihe
pump shaII. Rereby Ihe Iorque Irom Ihe pump drive is
IransmiIIed Io Ihe pump shaII. 1he pumped liquid serves
as lubricanI Ior Ihe bearings in Ihe pump. 1hereIore,
suIIicienI venIing is crucial Ior Ihe bearings.
19
lig. 1.2.8. ConsIrucIion oI magneIic drive
lig. 1.2.9. MagneIic-driven mulIisIage pump
Can
lnner magneIs OuIer magneIs
Can
lnner magneIs
OuIer magneIs
20
lig. 1.2.10. SaniIary pump
lig.1.2.11. SaniIary selI-priming side-channel pump
1.2.4 5anitary pumps
SaniIary pumps are mainly used in Ihe Iood, beverage,
pharmaceuIical and bio-Iechnological indusIries where iI
is imporIanI IhaI Ihe pumped liquid is handled in a genIle
manner and IhaI Ihe pumps are easy Io clean.
ln order Io meeI process requiremenIs in Ihese indusIries,
Ihe pumps have Io have a surIace roughness beIween
3.2 and 0.4 m ka. 1his can be besI achieved by using
Iorged or deep-drawn rolled sIainless sIeel as maIerials
oI consIrucIion, see Iigure 1.2.12. 1hese maIerials have a
compacI pore-Iree surIace Iinish IhaI can be easily worked
up Io meeI Ihe various surIace Iinish requiremenIs.
1he main IeaIures oI a saniIary pump are ease oI cleaning
and ease oI mainIenance.
1he leading manuIacIurers oI saniIary pumps have
designed Iheir producIs Io meeI Ihe Iollowing sIandards.

HDC - uropean Hygienic quipment Design Croup
DHD - DuaIified Hygienic Design
3-A - 5anitary 5tandards:
3A0J3A1: IndustriaIJHygienic 5tandard
ka s 3.2 m
3A2: 5teriIe 5tandard
ka s 0.8 m
3A3: 5teriIe 5tandard
ka s 0.4 m
Sand casIing
Precision casIing
kolled sIeel
lig.1.2.12. koughness oI maIerial surIaces
5ection 1.2
1ypes of pumps
1.2.5 Wastewater pumps
A wasIewaIer pump is an enclosed uniI wiIh a pump
and a moIor. Due Io Ihis consIrucIion Ihe wasIewaIer
pump is suiIable Ior submersible insIallaIion in piIs.
ln submersible insIallaIions wiIh auIo-coupling sysIems
double rails are normally used. 1he auIo-coupling sysIem
IaciliIaIes mainIenance, repair and replacemenI oI Ihe
pump. 8ecause oI Ihe consIrucIion oI Ihe pump, iI is
noI necessary Io enIer Ihe piI Io carry ouI service. ln
IacI, iI is possible Io connecI and disconnecI Ihe pump
auIomaIically Irom Ihe ouIside oI Ihe piI. WasIewaIer
pumps can also be insIalled dry like convenIional pumps
in verIical or horizonIal insIallaIions. Likewise Ihis Iype oI
insIallaIion provides easy mainIenance and repair like iI
provides uninIerrupIed operaIion oI Ihe pump in case oI
Ilooding oI Ihe dry piI, see Iigure 1.2.14.
Normally, wasIewaIer pumps have Io be able Io handle large
parIicles. 1hereIore Ihey are IiIIed wiIh special impellers IhaI
make iI possible Io avoid blockage and clogging. DiIIerenI
Iypes oI impellers exisI, single-channel impellers, double-
channel impellers Ihree and Iour-channel impellers and
vorIex impellers. ligure 1.2.1S shows Ihe diIIerenI designs oI
Ihese impellers.
WasIewaIer pumps usually come wiIh a dry moIor, which
is lP68 proIecIed (Ior more inIormaIion on lP-classes,
go Io secIion 1.4.1). MoIor and pump have a common
exIended shaII wiIh a double mechanical shaII seal sysIem
in an inIermediaIe oil chamber, see Iigure 1.2.13.
WasIewaIer pumps are able Io operaIe eiIher inIermiIIenIly
or conIinuously depending on Ihe insIallaIion in quesIion.

lig. 1.2.14. WasIewaIer pump Ior dry insIallaIions
lig. 1.2.1S. lmpeller Iypes Ior wasIewaIer
vorIex
impeller
Single-channel
impeller
Double-channel
impeller
21
lig.1.2.13. DeIail oI a sewage pump
Ior weI insIallaIions
1.2.6 ImmersibIe pumps
An immersible pump is a pump Iype where Ihe pump parI
is immersed in Ihe pumped liquid and Ihe moIor is kepI
dry. Normally, immersible pumps are mounIed on Iop oI
or in Ihe wall oI Ianks or conIainers. lmmersible pumps
are Ior example used in Ihe machine Iool indusIry Ior
example in spark machine Iools, grinding machines,
machining cenIres and cooling uniIs or in oIher indusIrial
applicaIions involving Ianks or conIainers, such as
indusIrial washing and IilIering sysIems.
Pumps Ior machine Iools can be divided in Iwo groups.
Pumps Ior Ihe clean side oI Ihe IilIer and pumps Ior Ihe
dirIy side oI Ihe IilIer. Pumps wiIh closed impellers are
normally used Ior Ihe clean side oI Ihe IilIer, because Ihey
provide a high eIIiciency and a high pressure iI necessary.
Pumps wiIh open or semi-open impellers are normally
used Ior Ihe dirIy side oI Ihe IilIer, because Ihey can
handle meIal chips and parIicles.
lig. 1.2.16. lmmersible pump
22
5ection 1.2
1ypes of pumps
1.2.7 8orehoIe pumps
1wo Iypes oI borehole pumps exisI. 1he submerged
borehole pump Iype wiIh a submersible moIor, and Ihe
deep well pump wiIh a dry moIor, which is connecIed
Io Ihe pump by a long shaII. 1hese pumps are normally
used in connecIion wiIh waIer supply and irrigaIion. 8oIh
pump Iypes are made Io be insIalled in deep and narrow
boreholes and have Ihus a reduced diameIer, which makes
Ihem longer Ihan oIher pump Iypes, see Iigure 1.2.17.
1he borehole pumps are specially designed Io be
submerged in a liquid and are Ihus IiIIed wiIh a
submersible moIor, which is lP68 proIecIed. 1he pump
comes in boIh a single-sIage and a mulIisIage version (Ihe
mulIisIage version being Ihe mosI common one), and is
IiIIed wiIh a non-reIurn valve in Ihe pump head.
1oday, Ihe deep well pump has been more or less replaced
by Ihe submerged pump Iype. 1he long shaII oI Ihe deep
well pump is a drawback, which makes iI diIIiculI Io
insIall and carry ouI service. 8ecause Ihe deep well pump
moIor is air-cooled, Ihe pump is oIIen used in indusIrial
applicaIions Io pump hoI waIer Irom open Ianks. 1he
submersible pump cannoI handle as high IemperaIures
because Ihe moIor is submerged in Ihe liquid, which has
Io cool iI.
lig. 1.2.17. Submersible pump
23