Part III Materials Chapter 1 General 1.

1 Selection of Materials Materials to be used in structures and foundation works shall be selected after giving due consideration to the external forces acting on them, deterioration with time, lifetime of structu res, shape of structures, workability, cost, impact on the environment, and other matters. 1.2 Safety of Structural Elements (Notification Article 34, Clause 1) Examination of the safety of structural members against external forces shall be made in accordance with either the allowable stress method or the limit state design method, depending o n the characteristics of structures, materials, and load characteristics. However, it shall be standard t o examine the safety of members of reinforced concrete structures with the limit state design method. Chapter 2 Steel 2.1 Materials (Notification Article 35, Clause 1) Steel materials shall be of a quality complying with the Japanese Industrial Stan dards (JIS) , or shall be of a quality equal to or better than that specificied by JIS. [Commentary] Foreign products may be used if they are of a quality equivalent to that complyi ng with JIS, or if they are of a quality equal to or better than that specificied by JIS even though not yet standardized as JIS. 2.2 Steel Meterial Constants Used in Design Calculation Material constants to be used in design for steel and cast steel shall be set as appropriate in view of strength characteristics and other properties. 2.3 Allowable Stresses (Notification Article 35, Clause 2) 2.3.1 General It shall be standard to set the allowable streses in accordance with 2.3.2 Struc tural Steel, 2.3.3 Steel Piles and Steel Pipe Sheet Piles, and 2.3.4 Steelsheet Piles, depending on the type of steel material. 2.3.2 Structural Steel The standard allowable stresses for structural steel shall be as listeted in Tab le 2.3.1, depending on the quality of steel and the type of stresses. (1) The values listed in Table 2.3.1 are the allowable stresses for structural s teel with a thickness of 40 mm or less. The allowable stresses for structural steel with a thickness in excess of 40 mm may follow the provisions in the Highway Bridge Specifications and the Commentary . (2) The allowable limits for tensile and compressive stresses for the various st eel materials have been set at around 60% of the yield strengths prescribed in JIS. (3) Since structural steel is almost invariably used in locations where there is little danger of buckling, the values for allowable stresses listed in Table 2.3.1 have been determined for the cases in w hich there are no danger of buckling taking place. 2.3.3 Steel Piles and Steel Pipe Sheet Piles The standard allowable stresses for steel piles and steel pipe sheet piles shall be as listed in Table 2.3.2, depending on the quality of steel and the type of stresses.a