‫ﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﺍﻷﺟﺮﻭﻣﻴﺔ‬

Simplifying
Al-Ajaroomiyyah

@ @
COMPILED BY: ABUL-LAYTH QASIM IBN AGGREY MUTIVA




















‫ 
א
א

א‬





‫ אع
א ْ م‬
Types of Speech

K' (
  ْ )*
+*" ‫{
א‬
 
   ‫ ْ"!
א‬$#‫
א‬%
W‫א ْ م‬
Speech: Is the composed saying or utterance which is beneficial in
its placement or composition.

K9:;7  *
<)=
4> 

‫{
و‬64 7 8*
‫{
و‬4 5
 ‫
*א‬W.- / /
01 )2ْ 
‫و‬
And it is divided into three groups: Ism (noun), and F'il (verb), and
Harf (a preposition which conveys meaning).

‫) م‬#$‫*
و
א‬D* E ‫ ل
א‬G

 ‫ ;  ? {
و
د‬C ‫{و
א‬A
 "ْ B
 ْ )*
W>
  7 ?
5
 @)8
So the Ism (Noun) is known by Al-Khafdh (the acceptance of Jarr),
and At-Tanween (a mark which indicates indefiniteness), and the
acceptance of Alif Laam (the definite article).

‫) م‬#$‫>{
و
א‬
 )ْ ‫) <{
و
א‬Nْ ‫{
و
א‬L
 M
‫{و‬I*8
‫{و‬9$K
‫ {
و‬K
‫{
و‬9J
‫ {
و‬1*
WI
 %*
‫{
و‬A
 "ْ B
 ْ ‫و>*
א‬

‫و‬





And the letters of Khafdh are min E 1* F
and Eelaa
E9JF and 'An



E K F and 'Ala E9$K F and Fee EI*8F and Rubba EL
Q M F and


Al-Baa E‫ب‬ ِ F and Al-Kaaf ERF and Al-Laam E‫ ل‬F.

K< )C‫) <{
و
א‬Nْ ‫
א ْא و{و
א‬WI

 %*
‫ {
و‬
 S ْ ‫ و>
א‬

‫و‬


And the letters of Avowal (Pledge) are: Al-Waaw
E‫ و‬F and


Al-Baa
EL * F
and At-Taa ETF.





K.* ; 
* )‫*
א‬V * Wْ C ‫)<*
א‬X
‫ >
و‬5

‫  {و‬
U ‫{و
א‬+ S *
> 7 ?
6 7 "* ْ ‫و
א‬


And The F'il (Verb) is known by
Qad
E+ 2 F and As-Seen
E‫س‬F


and Sawfa
E>   5
 F and At-Taa At-Ta'neeth As-Saakinah ET  F.

2


K6 7 "* ْ ‫
א‬6 * ‫
و
@
د‬5
 @* ‫
א‬6 * ‫
د‬07 1
Z$[
 ?
@
)1
> \
 ْ ‫و
א‬
And the Harf (Preposition) is that which does not accept any of


the Ism (Noun) or F'il (Verb) indicators or signs.





L
* ‫א‬K ] ‫
א‬L)
The chapter of Grammatical Analysis

K‫?ًא‬+* Sْ X
‫)
"ْ`)ً
و‬a $K
*.$G

* ‫א‬+‫
א‬61* ‫א‬7 ْ ‫*>*
א‬CG
 @
$*
 ْ ‫
א‬G
* ‫ ^ * 
وא‬X
W %
L‫א‬K ] ‫א‬
The Grammatical analysis is the changing of vowel markings at the
end of words according to the addition of specific helping words


or prepositions whether they are written or supposed
EM4 + S 1 F.





‫م‬4 b =

‫{
و‬A
4 "ْ G

‫{
و‬4[ 
‫'{
و‬4 8ْ M
W.- 7  M 
01 )2ْ 
‫و‬
The categories of grammatical analysis are four:
Raf'
E'4 8ْ M F
and
Nasb E 4[   F
and Khafdh EA 4 "ْ G  F
and
Jazm E‫م‬4 b =
F





)a *8
‫م‬b =

@
‫{
و‬A
 "ْ B
 ْ ‫{
و
א‬
 [ ; ‫ '{
و
א‬8ْ  ‫
א‬c* ‫
ذ‬1*
*<) 5
 e
 $*8


So for the nouns is
Raf' E' 8ْ  ‫א‬F, Nasb
E  [ ; ‫א‬F and
Khafdh EA  "ْ B
 ْ ‫א‬F


with
Jazm E‫ م‬b f  ْ ‫א‬F
not included.





)a*8
A"ْ G

@
‫ م{
و‬b f
 ْ ‫{
و
א‬
 [
 ; ‫ '{
و
א‬8ْ  ‫
א‬c* ‫
ذ‬1*
‫)ل‬78ْ e
 *
‫و‬




And for the verbs is Raf'
E' 8ْ  ‫א‬F, Nasb E  ; ‫א‬F and
Jazm E‫ م‬b f
 [  ْ ‫א‬F



with Khafdh EA  "ْ B
 ْ ‫א‬F not included.






L
* ‫א‬K ] ‫*
א‬T)1
 K
*.8  7 1
L)
The Chapter of knowing the signs of grammatical analysis

K‫;  ن‬j ‫{
و
א‬D

 * E ‫{
و
א ْא و{
و
א‬.  h
 ‫
א‬WT
g )1
 K
'  M 
'8ْ  $*
, E‫ن‬FKThere are four signs which indicate the condition of Raf': The


Dhommah EkkkF, the Waaw E‫و‬F,
the Alif
E‫א‬Fand the Noon

3

'  =

‫
א ْ  ْ"  *د{
و‬5
 @‫
א‬I*8
'(
* ‫א‬1
*.7  M 
I*8
'8ْ  $*
ً.1 
 K
‫ ن‬
 C 8
W.  h
 ‫)
א‬1W 8


K<4 Im
*n G
* o*
6[
* C ?

pq#‫ع
א‬M )h  ْ ‫
א‬67 "* ْ ‫*
א) * {
و
א‬V l  ْ ‫=  '
א‬

‫  {
و‬
* 
ْ C ‫א‬
As for the
Dhommah
EkkkFW Then it is an indicator of Raf' in four
Instances: 1. The Singular Noun 2.The Broken Plural 3.The Sound
Feminine plural 4.The present tense verb which has nothing
attached to the end of it.

*<) 5
 E ‫
א‬I*8
‫
א) *
و‬
* q  ْ ‫=  '
א‬

I*8
W  7 (
*  1
I*8
'8ْ  $*
ً.1 
 K
‫ ن‬
 C 8
W‫)
א ْא و‬1
‫و‬


K‫) ٍل‬1
‫{
و
ذو‬R
 8
‫{
و‬R
  

‫{
و‬R
 G
‫{
و‬R
  
WI
 %*
‫{
و‬.* 
  B
 ْ ‫א‬


As for the Waaw
E‫و‬FW Then it is an indicator of Raf' in two cases:


1.The Sound Masculine plural and 2.The Five Exceptional Nouns




which are: Abooka ER    F, Akhooka ER
 G F, Hamooka ER
  
 F,


Fooka
ER
 8F, and Dhoo Maalin E‫) ٍل‬1
‫ذو‬FK





K.ً s
 )G
*<) 5
 E ‫*
א‬. ;* t X
I*8
'8ْ  $*
ً.1 
 K
‫ ن‬
 C 8
WD
 * E ‫)
א‬1
‫و‬


As for the
Alif

E‫א‬F
, Then it is an indicator of Raf' specifically in
the dual forms.

‫{
و‬.g  ;* t X
 * (


*0 *
6[
 X ‫ذא
א‬J
{‫ ع‬M )h  ْ ‫
א‬67 "* ْ ‫
א‬I*8
'8ْ  $*
ً.1 
 K
‫ ن‬
 C 8
W‫;  ن‬j ‫) א‬1
‫و‬


K.* N u
* )B  ْ ‫*
א‬.t  l  ْ ‫( * 
א‬

‫=  ٍ'{
و‬
   * (



As for the Noon E‫ن‬F, Then it is an indicator of Raf' in the



present tense if it is connected to an attached pronoun of duality,
an attached pronoun of plurality, or an attached pronoun used to


address the female gender.






K‫;  ن‬j ‫>
א‬q 

‫{
و
א ْ) <{
و‬w  
 
 ْ ‫{
و
א‬D
 * E ‫{
و
א‬. \
 C " ْ ‫
א‬WT
g )1
 K
v  G

*[
 ; $*‫و‬


And for the condition of Nasb there are five signs: the Fathah
EkkkF,


the
Alif
E‫א‬F,
the Kasrah
Ek*kkF,
the Yaa
EpF, and the removal of the
letter Noon.

4

'  =

‫
א ْ  ْ"  *د{
و‬5
 @‫
א‬x
W' (
* ‫א‬1
.* / 
 /
I*8
*[
 ; $*
ً.1 
 K
‫ ن‬
 C 8
W. \
 C " ْ ‫)
א‬1W 8


K<4 I
m
*n G
* o*
6[
* C ?

‫
و‬4s
* )ً 
*0 $K
6G
 ‫ذא
د‬J
‫ع‬M )h  ْ ‫
א‬67 "* ْ ‫  {
و
א‬
* 
ْ C ‫א‬


As for
the Fathah
EkkkF, then it is an indicator of the state of Nasb in
three instances: 1. In the Singular Nouns. 2. In broken plural
forms. 3. In the Present tense verbs if a Naasib (subjunctival)
precedes it and there is nothing attached to the last letter in the
verb.

‫
و‬ER
 )G
‫
و‬R) 
y?  M F
\
 
{.* 
  B
 ْ ‫ )<*
א‬5
 E ‫
א‬I*8
*[
 ; $*
ً.1 
 K
‫ ن‬
 C 8
WD
 * E ‫)
א‬1
‫و‬


K c
 * ‫
ذ‬0N m
 
)1


As for the
Alif
E‫א‬F
, then it is an indicator of the state of Nasb in


the Five Nouns. Like the following example:
ER  )G
‫
و‬R) 
y?  M F
And whatever resembles this.

K * )‫*
א‬V l  ْ ‫=  '
א‬


I*8
*[
 ; $*
ً.1 
 K
‫ ن‬
 C 8
Ww  
 
 ْ ‫) א‬1
‫و‬


As for the Kasrah
Ek*kkF
, then it is an indicator of the state of Nasb
for the Sound Feminine Plurals.





K'  f
 ْ ‫*
و
א‬. ;* t C ‫
א‬I*8
*[
 ; $*
ً.1 
 K
‫ ن‬
 C 8
W< )ْ ‫)
א‬1
‫و‬


As for the
the Yaa
EpF
, then it is an indicator of the state of Nasb
in both the Dual and Plural Noun forms.

K‫;  ن‬j ‫*
א‬T)Nt *
)a7 8ْ M
I*C# ‫*
א‬.

  B
 ْ ‫)ل
א‬78ْ E ‫
א‬I*8
*[
 ; $*
ً.1 
 K
‫ ن‬
  8
W‫;  ن‬j ‫>
א‬q 

)1
‫و‬
As for the removal of the letter Noon, then it is an indicator of the
state of Nasb in the Five Verbs when the indicator of the state of
Raf' is the fixedness of the letter Noon.

K. \ C " ْ ‫{
و
א ْ) <{و
א‬w  

 
 ْ ‫א‬


The Kasrah
Ek*kkF,
the Yaa
EpF,
and the Fathah EkkkF.





W T
g )1
 K
z
 /
A"ْ B
 $*‫و‬


And for the condition of Khafdh, there are three signs.

5

{>
*  [
 ;  ْ ‫
א ْ  ْ" د*
א‬5
 @‫
א‬x
W' (
* ‫א‬1
*./ 
 /
I*8
A
 "ْ B
 $*
ً.1 
 K
‫ ن‬
 C 8
Ww  
 
 ْ ‫)
א‬1 W 8


K * )‫*
א‬V l  ْ ‫=  '
א‬

I*8
‫>{
و‬
*  [
 ;  ْ ‫  
א‬
* 
ْ C ‫=  '
א‬

‫و‬


As for the Kasrah
Ek*kkF, then it is an indicator of the state of Khafdh
in three instances. 1. The Singular Noun which has vowel
markings that can be changed. 2. In Broken Plural forms where
the vowel markings can also be changed. 3. In the Sound Feminine
Plurals.

{.*  ;* t C ‫
א‬I*8
‫{
و‬.* 

  B
 ْ ‫ )<*
א‬5
 E ‫
א‬x
W' (
* ‫א‬1
*./ 
 /
I*8
A
 "ْ B
 $*
.ً 1 
 K
‫ ن‬
 C 8
W< )ْ ‫)
א‬1
‫و‬


K'  f
 ْ ‫و
א‬


As for
the Yaa
EpF
, then it is an indicator of the state of Khafdh in
three instances. 1.The Five Nouns. 2.The Dual Forms. 3. The
Plural forms.





K >
  [
 ; ?
@
p*q# ‫
א‬5
 @* ‫
א‬I*8
A
 "ْ B
 $*
ً.1 
 K
‫ ن‬
 C 8
W. \
 C " ْ ‫)
א‬1
‫و‬


As for
the Fathah
EkkkF, then it is an indicator of the state of Khafdh
for the Nouns which are fixed and do not change their vowel
markings.

K >
 q \
 ْ ‫  ن{
و
א‬
 j ‫
א‬W‫) ن‬C1 
 K
‫م‬b f
 $*‫و‬



And for the state of Jazm, there are two signs. 1. The Sukoon
EkkkF



2. Removal





K G
* {‫
א‬Z \
*[ ‫ ع א‬M )h  ْ ‫
א‬67 "* ْ ‫
א‬I*8
‫م‬b f
 $*
ً.1 
 K
‫ ن‬
  8
W‫  ن‬
 
j ‫)
א‬1W 8



As for the Sukoon
EkkkF, then it is an indicator of the state of Jazm
in the Present Tense Verbs which end in a sound letter. Any letter


other than E‫{و{א‬pF.




‫)ل‬78ْ E ‫
א‬I*8
‫ {
و‬G
* {‫
א‬6U C 7  ْ ‫ ع
א‬M )h  ْ ‫
א‬67 "* ْ ‫
א‬I*8
‫م‬b f
 $*
ً.1 
 K
‫ ن‬
  8
W>
 q \
 ْ ‫)
א‬1
‫و‬


K‫;  ن‬j ‫*
א‬T)N t *
)a7 8ْ M
I*C# ‫*
א‬.
  B
 ْ ‫א‬

As for Removal, then it is an indicator of the state of Jazm when



the last letter in a present tense verb is weak
E‫{و{א‬pF
and it is also

6
 an indicator of the state of Jazm in the Five Verbs when the sign of
the state of Raf' is the fixedness of the letter Noon.

T
 )  7  ْ ‫
א‬W64 [
 8
Section: Words which contain vowel markings that can be changed

K >
* ‫\  و‬
 ْ )*
L 7 ?
4
 2*
‫{
و‬T
* ) \
 ْ )*
L 7 ?
4
 2*
W‫ ) ن‬
 2*
T)  7  ْ ‫א‬
The words which contain vowel markings that can be changed are
divided into two groups. One group is identified by diacritical
vowel markings while the other group is identified by way of
letters.

*V l  ْ ‫=  '
א‬

‫  {
و‬
* 
ْ C ‫=  '
א‬

‫
א ْ  ْ"  د{ و‬5
 @‫
א‬W‫
 א ٍع‬.7  M 
*T) \
 ْ )*
L 7 ?
p*q# )8


K<4 Im
*n G
* o*
6[
* C ?

pq#‫ع
א‬M )h  ْ ‫
א‬67 "* ْ ‫א) * {
و
א‬
So the group which is identified by way of vowel markings
contains four types of nouns. 1. The Singular Noun. 2. The
Broken Plural. 3. The Sound Feminine Plural. 4. The Present tense
verb to which there is nothing attached to the end of it.

K‫  ن‬
 
j )*
‫م‬b f
 X
‫{
و‬w*  
 
 )*
A" B
 X
‫{
و‬.* \
 C " )*
[
 ; X
‫{
و‬.*  h
 )*
'8  X
)a$|

‫و‬
In all of the previous nouns the condition of Raf' is indicated by a ,



Dhommah
EkkkF,
the condition of Nasb is indicated by a Fathah
EkkkF



the condition of Khafdh is indicated by a Kasrah
Ek*kkF, and the




condition of Jazm is indicated by a Sukoon
EkkkF.




@
p*q# ‫
א‬5
 @* ‫{ و
א‬w*  
 
 ْ )*
[
 ; ?
 * )‫*
א‬V l  ْ ‫=  '
א‬

W< )m
 
./ 
 /
c* ‫
ذ‬K
‫ ج‬G

‫و‬


Kn*  G
* ~
*>q \
 *
‫م‬b f
 ?
 G
* {‫
א‬j6C 7  ْ ‫ ع
א‬M )h  ْ ‫
א‬67 "* ْ ‫{
و
א‬.* \
 C " )*
A" B
 ?
>
  [
 ; ?
The only exceptions from those are three: 1. The Sound Feminine



Plural in which the condition of Nasb is indicated by a Kasrah
Ek*kkF.
2. The condition of Khafdh in Nouns which vowel marks do not


change is a Fathah EkkkFK3. The Present Tense Verb which ends with



a weak letter
E‫{و{א‬pF
enters the state of Jazm with the removal of


its last letter.

7




{. 
  B
 ْ ‫ )<
א‬5
 E ‫
א) * {
و
א‬
# q  ‫=  '
א‬

‫{
و‬.  ;* t C ‫
א‬W‫
 א ٍع‬.7  M 
>
* ‫\  و‬
 ْ )*
L 7 ?
p*q# ‫و
א‬


K  $*7 "ْ X
‫  ن{
و‬$7 "ْ X
‫  ن{
و‬$7 "ْ ?
‫ ن{
و‬
 7 "ْ X
‫ ن{
و‬
 7 "ْ ?
WI
 %*
‫{
و‬. 
  B
 ْ ‫)ل
א‬78ْ E ‫و
א‬
And the group of words which are grammatically identified by
letters are of four types: 1.The Dual Form 2. The Sound Masculine




Plural 3. The Five Nouns 4.The Five Verbs which are
E‫ ن‬  7 "ْ ? F and


E‫ ن‬  7 "ْ X F and E‫  ن‬$7 "ْ ? F
and
E‫  ن‬$7 "ْ X F and E  $*7 "ْ X FK






K<* )ْ )*
A" B
 X
‫[
و‬
 ; X
‫{
و‬D
* * e
 *
'8  C 8
W.  ;* t C ‫)
א‬1W 8
As for the Dual form then the condition of Raf' is indicated by an


Alif
E‫א‬Fand the condition of Nasb and Khafdh is indicated by the


the letter Yaa EpF.





K<* )ْ )*
A
 " B
 ?
‫[
و‬
 ; ?
‫'
*) ْא و{
و‬8  C 8
W * )‫
א‬
# q  ‫=  '
א‬

)1
‫و‬


As for the Sound Masculine Plural, then the condition of Raf' is


indicated with the letter
Waaw E‫و‬Fand both the condition of Nasb


and Khafdh are indicated by the letter Yaa EpF.





K<* )ْ )*
A" B
 X
‫{
و‬D
* * e
 *

 [
 ; X
‫'
*) ْא و{
و‬8  C 8
W. 
  B
 ْ ‫ )<
א‬5
 E ‫)
א‬1
‫و‬

As for the Five Nouns then the condition of Raf' with them is


indicated with the letter Waaw E‫و‬Fand the condition of Nasb is


indicated with the letter
Alif E‫א‬F, and the condition of Khafdh is


indicated with the letter Yaa EpF.





K)a8* q \
 *
A" B
 X
‫[
و‬
 ; X
‫;  ن{
و‬j )*
'8  C 8
W. 
  B
 ْ ‫)ل
א‬78ْ E ‫)
א‬1
‫و‬


As for the Five Verbs then condition of Raf' with them is
indicated by the establishment and firmness of the letter Noon E‫ن‬F.


Both the conditions of Nasb and Jazm are indicated by the


removal of the letter Noon E‫ن‬F.

8


‫) ل‬78ْ E ‫
א‬L)
The Chapter of Verbs





K L
  (
 ‫{
و
א‬L
  h
 ?
‫{
و‬L
  (

{ \
 
{4 1 
‫ع{
و‬4 M )h1
‫ض{
و‬
ٍ )1
W. / 
 /
‫)ل‬78ْ E ‫א‬


The verbs are of three types: Past Tense, Present Tense, and


Command Form. For Example:
EL   (  F
He hit,
E
L h  ? F He hits,


and EL   (
 ‫א‬F Hit (him or it)!




%
‫
و‬Ey
    F
c  2
)a7  f
 ?
I*C# ‫  '
א‬M E ‫*
א‬+€* ‫وא‬b ‫
א‬+
 J
*0* ‫
 و‬I*8
‫)
)ن‬1
W‫ ع‬M )h  ْ ‫و
א‬


K‫م‬4 ‫
و
=) ز‬4s
* )
*0 $K
6G
 + ?
9C 
{‫ًא‬+ 
4‫ ع‬8  1
The Present tense is preceded by one of four extra letters which


are gathered together in the word
Ey     F and the present tense is
always in a state of Raf' until an article of Nasb or Jazm enters
upon it and alters its vowel marking.

‫{
و‬9C

‫\  *د{
و‬
f ْ ‫{
و
@م
א‬I

‫{
و
@م
و‬I

‫ ذ ن{
و‬J
‫
 ن{
و
 {
و‬WI
 %*
‫{
و‬w-  ƒ
 K
s
* ‫) ; ًא‬8


K‫
*) ْ")<*
وא ْא و{
و
 و‬L‫א‬f
 ْ ‫א‬
The Articles of Nasb are ten: E‫  ن‬F and E  F and
E‫ ذ ن‬JF and
EI   F


and EI 

‫ @م
و‬F
and E‫\  *د‬
f  ْ ‫ @م
א‬F
and
E9C  F and E‫
*) ْ")<*
وא ْא و‬L‫א‬f
 ْ ‫א‬F


and
E‫  و‬F.




I*8
E@F
‫) *<{
و‬K+j ‫
و
א‬1 E ‫
 {
و
 ){
و
  {
و
  ){
و
@م
א‬WI
 %*
‫ƒ {
و‬
 K
. * ) /
‫א زم‬f
 ْ ‫و
א‬

‫{
و‬9
‫{
و
 ?
و
?) ن{
و‬9C1
‫{
و‬p
j 
‫){
و‬1
‫ذ‬J
‫ ){
و‬a 1
‫
و‬1
‫)
و‬1
‫ن
و‬J
‫) *<{
و‬K+j ‫
و
א‬Ia; ‫א‬


K.ً s  )G
7 ƒ
U ‫
א‬I*8
‫ذא‬: J
‫  " ){
و‬

‫ ){
و‬t  



The Articles of Jazm are twelve: E  F and E)  F and
E   F and
E)   F


and E<* )K+j ‫
و
א‬1 E ‫ @م
א‬F
and E<* )K+j ‫
و
א‬Ia; ‫
א‬I*8
E@FF
and
E) a 1
‫
و‬1
‫)
و‬1
‫ن
و‬JF


and E)1
‫ذ‬JF
and Epj  F
and
E9C1 F and E‫  ?
و
?) ن‬F
and E9 F
and
E) t   F


and E) "   F and
E‫א‬:‫ذ‬J F
when it is used specifically in poetry.





<* ) 5
 E ‫*
א‬T)K8 1
L
 )
The Chapter of the Nouns which are in the state of Raf'

9

‫{
و‬n  N G

‫ {
و‬+ C N  ْ ‫{
و
א‬0 $K* )8

 ?

p*q# ‫ ل
א‬7 "ْ  ْ ‫{
و
א‬6 K* )"ْ ‫
א‬WI
 %*
‫{
و‬.- 7 N 5

T)K8  ْ ‫א‬

{y
 7 ; ‫
א‬W< )m
 
.7  M 
%
‫ ع{
و‬8  $*
' * )C‫{
و
א‬0* X* ‫א‬G
 
‫
و‬E‫ ن‬J F
N G

‫{
و‬0* X* ‫א‬G
 
‫
و‬E‫) ن‬F
5
 ‫א‬


K‫ ل‬+ N ْ ‫{
و
א‬+  
*  C ‫{
و
א‬D
 „
ْ 7 ْ ‫א‬
The Nouns which are in the state of Raf' are seven: They are
the E6 K* )"ْ ‫א‬F verbal subject (doer), and the
E
0 $K* )8
  ?

p*q# ‫ ل
א‬7 "ْ  ْ ‫א‬F


subject in the passive voice, and the
E + C N  ْ ‫א‬F Nominal Subject,


and its ENG F
Predicate, and
E0* X* ‫א‬G 
‫
)ن

و‬5  ‫א‬F the Noun of Kaana


and her sisters, and
E0* X* ‫א‬G 
‫ن

و‬J
N G F the Predicate of Inna and her


sisters, and
E‫ ع‬8  $*
' * )C‫א‬F the follower of something in the state of


Raf' which are four:
Ey  7 ; ‫א‬F the adjective, ED  „
ْ 7 ْ ‫
א‬F conjunction,


E+  
*  C ‫א‬F
emphasis, and
E‫ ل‬+ N ْ ‫א‬F substitution.





6 K* )"ْ ‫
א‬L)
The Chapter of the Verbal Subject (Doer)

K0* $*7 8*
0$N 2
Mq  ْ ‫ع
א‬8  ْ ‫
א‬5

 @* ‫
א‬W %
6K* )"ْ ‫א‬
The Verbal Subject (Doer) is the Noun in the state of Raf' which is
preceded by its own verb.

K4 * h
 1
‫{
و‬4 %* )…
W   
 2*
9$K  %
‫و‬


And consists of two types:
E4 %* )…F Apparent, and
E4 * h  1 F Implicit.




{‫و ن‬+? b ‫) م
א‬2
‫א ن{
و‬+? b ‫ م
א‬S?
‫א ن{
و‬+? b ‫)م
א‬2
‫{
و‬+4 ? ‫م
ز‬S?
‫{
و‬+4 ? ‫)م
ز‬2
Wc
 *  2
\
 
%* )#`)8

y1 )2
‫{
و‬+4 ; %*
‫م‬SX
‫{
و‬+4 ; %*
y1 )2
‫=) ل{
و‬U ‫ م
א‬S?
‫=) ل{
و‬U ‫) م
א‬2
‫و ن{
و‬+? b ‫ م
א‬S?
‫و‬

‫ م‬SX
‫; د{
و‬a ْ ‫
א‬y1 )2
‫{
و‬T
 ‫א‬+; a ْ ‫م
א‬SX
‫{
و‬T
 ‫א‬+; a ْ ‫
א‬y1 )2
‫א ن{
و‬+; a ْ ‫م
א‬SX
‫א ن{
و‬+; a ْ ‫א‬


K c
 * ‫
ذ‬0N m
 
)1
‫{
و‬I*1
 †
‫ م‬S?
‫{
و‬I*1  †
‫) م‬2
‫{
و‬R
 G
‫م‬S?
‫{
و‬R
 G
‫)م‬2
‫; د{
و‬a ْ ‫א‬


So the Apparent Verbal Subject (Doer) is like the following:


E+4 ? ‫)م
ز‬2F
and E+4 ? ‫م
ز‬S? F
and E‫א ن‬+? b ‫)م
א‬2F
and
E‫א ن‬+? b ‫م
א‬S? F
and



E‫و ن‬+? b ‫) م
א‬2F
and E‫و ن‬+? b ‫م
א‬S? F
and E‫=) ل‬U ‫) م
א‬2F
and
E‫=) ل‬U ‫ م
א‬S? F
and


E+4 ; %*
y1 )2F
and E+4 ; %*
‫م‬SX F
and E‫א ن‬+; a ْ ‫
א‬y1 )2F
and
E‫א ن‬+; a ْ ‫م
א‬SX F
and

10


ET
 ‫א‬+; a ْ ‫
א‬y1 )2F
and ET ‫א‬+; a ْ ‫م
א‬SX F
and E‫; د‬a ْ ‫
א‬y1 )2F
and
E‫; د‬a ْ ‫م
א‬SX F
and


ER
 G
‫)م‬2F
and ER  G
‫م‬S? F
and EI*1  †
‫) م‬2F
and
EI*1  †
‫ م‬S?
‫و‬F
and


whatever is similar to this.




{) C   (

‫{
و‬y
*   (

‫{
و‬y
   (

‫(   ;){
و‬

‫{
و‬y
   (
 F
Wc
 *  2
\
{ ƒ
 K
);/ ‫
א‬W * h
  ْ ‫و
א‬


KE   (
‫(  א{
و‬
‫(  ){
و‬

‫{
و‬y
   (

‫{
و‬L   (

‫ {
و‬C   (

‫ {
و‬C   (



And the Implicit Verbal Subjects (Doers) are twelve like the



following:
Ey  F
and E);   (
   (  F
and Ey  F
and
Ey
   ( *   (
 F and E) C   (
 F



and E C   (
 F
and E C   (
 F
and EL   ( F
and
Ey    (
 F and E)  (  F and



E‫(  א‬ F and
E   (  F.





 N B
 ْ ‫
و
א‬+C N  ْ ‫
א‬L)
The Chapter of the Nominal Subject and Predicate

K.*  `
* "ْ $#‫
א‬61* ‫א‬7 ْ ‫
א‬K
pM)7ْ ‫ع
א‬8  ْ‫
א‬5
 @* ‫
א‬%
W + C N  ْ ‫א‬
The Nominal Subject is a Noun in the state of Raf' which is
unaffected by grammatical factors that may alter Arabic word
vowel markings.

‫
و‬E‫) *€ ) ن‬2
‫אن‬+? b ‫א‬F
‫
و‬E4 €* )2
4+? ‫ ز‬F
c*  2
\

 
{0*   J
+; 
  ْ ‫ع
א‬8  ْ ‫
א‬5
 @* ‫
א‬%
W N B
 ْ ‫א‬


KE‫) *€  ن‬2
‫ون‬+? b ‫א‬F
The Predicate is a Noun in the state of Raf' which is attributed to



the subject like the following examples:
E4 €* )2
4+? ‫ ز‬F and E‫) *€ ) ن‬2
‫אن‬+? b ‫א‬F


and
E‫) *€  ن‬2
‫ون‬+? b ‫א‬F.





K4  h
 1
‫{
و‬4 %* )…
W‫  ) ن‬
 2*
+ C N  ْ ‫א‬


The Nominal Subject consists of two types
E4 %* )…F Apparent, and



E4 * h
 1 F
Implicit.





Kn  
ْ ‫م
*ذ‬+ S X
)1
%* )#`)8


So the
E4 %* )…F Apparent is what was previously been mentioned.

11




{I
 %*
‫ {
و‬%
‫ {
و‬C  
{ C  
‫ ){
و‬C  
‫{
و‬y
*  
‫{
و‬y
  
‫\ {
و‬
 
‫
){
و‬WI
 %*
‫ƒ {
و‬
 K
);/ ‫ * 
א‬h
  ْ ‫و
א‬


K c
 * ‫
ذ‬0N m
 
)1
‫{
و‬E‫) *€ ن‬2
\  F
‫{
و‬E4 €* )2
)F
c*  2
\  
{ %
‫ {
و‬%
‫ ){
و‬%
‫و‬


And the Implicit Nominal Subjects are twelve like the



following:
E)F
and E \   F
and Ey    F
and
Ey *   F
and E) C   F
and E C   F



and E C   F
and E % F
and EI %* F
and
E) % F and E % F and E % F



as in the following examples:
E4 €* )2
)F
and E‫) *€ ن‬2
\   F
and


whatever is similar to this.





K‫د‬g  "ْ 1
 †
‫د{
و‬4  "ْ 1
W‫ ) ن‬
 2*
N B
 ْ ‫و
א‬
And the Predicate is of two types: Singular and Non-Singular.

KE4 €* )2
4+? ‫ ز‬F
\

 
‫) ْ  ْ" د‬8


The example of a Singular Predicate is the sentence E4 €* )2
4+? ‫ ز‬F.





'1
+ C N  ْ ‫{
و
א‬0* $*K* )8
'1
67 "* ْ ‫>{
و
א‬
  `
# ‫{
و
א‬M ‫و‬f
  ْ ‫
و
א‬Mj )fْ ‫
א‬W< )m
 
.7  M 
g‫و
† 
א ْ  ْ" د‬


KE.- N %* ‫
ذא‬0C ? M )=
4+? ‫{
و
ز‬n  
‫)م‬2
4+? ‫{
و
ز‬R + ; K*
4+? ‫{
و
ز‬M ‫א‬+‫
א‬I*8
4+? ‫ ز‬F
Wc  *  2
\
 
{n*  N G



The Non-Singular Predicate consists of four things:



1.EM ‫و‬f   ْ ‫
و
א‬jM)fْ ‫א‬F The article of Jaar. 2. E> # ‫א‬F
Circumstantial
  `


Preposition. 3. E0* $*K* )8
'1
67 "* ْ ‫א‬F The Verb and its Verbal Subject.


4. En*  N G
'1
+ C N  ْ ‫א‬F The Nominal Subject and its Predicate. Examples


of this can be found in the following sentences: EM ‫א‬+‫
א‬I*8
4+? ‫ ز‬F and


ER  + ; K*
4+? ‫ ز‬F
and
En  
‫)م‬2
4+? ‫ ز‬F
and E.- N %* ‫
ذא‬0C ? M )=
4+? ‫ ز‬F.





 N B
 ْ ‫
و
א‬+C N  ْ ‫
א‬9$K
*.$G
* ‫א‬+‫
א‬61* ‫א‬7ْ ‫
א‬L)
The Chapter of Grammatical factors that can affect the Nominal
Subject and Predicate

K)aX ‫א‬G
 
‫
و‬y
 ; ; …

‫){
و‬aX ‫א‬G
 
‫ن

و‬J
‫){
و‬aX ‫א‬G
 
‫
)ن
و‬W<)m
 
./ 
 /
I%*
‫و‬
The Grammatical factors that can affect the Nominal Subject and


Predicate are divided into three categories: 1.
E)aX ‫א‬G 
‫)ن
و‬F Kaana

12


and her sisters. 2. E)aX ‫א‬G 
‫ن
و‬JF Inna and her sisters. 3.
E)aX ‫א‬G 
‫
و‬y; ; …
F


Dthununtu and her sisters.




‫{
و‬91 
‫
) ن{
و‬WI
 %*
‫ {
و‬N B
 ْ ‫[
א‬
* ; X
‫ {
و‬5
 @* ‫'
א‬8  X
)a ‡ 8
{)aX ‫א‬G
 
‫)
)ن
و‬1W 8


{ˆ
 C* 8
)1
‫{
و‬c
# "  ‫)
א‬1
‫)
زא ل{
و‬1
‫{
و‬v
  
‫{
و‬M )s
‫{
و‬T
 )
‫{
و‬6 …

‫{
و‬9\(
 
‫{
و‬Z N s
 


‫
و‬ZN s
 
‫ {
و‬

‫
) ن{
و
? ن{
و‬W \
 
)a; 1*
> [
 X
)1
‫)
دא م{
و‬1
‫)
  ‰{
و‬1
‫
و‬


K c
 * ‫
ذ‬0N m
 
)1
‫
و‬E)ً [*G)m
‫  و‬K
v   
‫)€* ً){
و‬2
4+? ‫) ن
ز‬F
W‫ ل‬SX
{Z N* s
 
‫{
و‬Z N* [
 ?




As for Kaana
and her sisters E)aX ‫א‬G 
‫)ن
و‬F, then when they are


added to a nominal sentence consisting of a subject and predicate
they affect it by leaving the Nominal subject in the state of Raf'


and by placing the Predicate into a state of Nasb. Kaana and her


sisters E)aX ‫א‬G 
‫)ن
و‬F
include
E‫) ن‬F and
E91  F and EZ N s   F and



E9\(   F and
E6 …  F and ET  ) F and
EM )sF and Ev    F and E‫)
زא ل‬1F
and




Ec # "  ‫)
א‬1F and
Eˆ  C* 8
)1F and E‰  
)1F and
E
‫)
دא م‬1F and whatever can be




extracted by way of verb conjugation like:
E  
‫) ن{
? ن{
و‬F


and EZ N* s  
‫{
و‬Z N* [
 ?
{Z N s
 
F like that which is in the following


examples:
E)ً *€)2
4+? ‫) ن
ز‬F and E)ً [*G)m
‫  و‬K
v    F and whatever is


similar to this.




{‫ ن‬W 

‫ {
و‬
* 
‫ ن{
و
 ن{
و‬J
WI
 %*
‫ {
و‬N B
 ْ ‫'
א‬8  X
‫ {
و‬5
 @* ‫[
א‬
* ; X
)a ‡ 8
)aX ‫א‬G
 
‫ن

و‬J
)1
‫و‬

‫ن

و
ن‬J
9;7 1
‫{
و‬c
 * ‫
ذ‬0N m
 
)1
‫Š{
و‬
4 G
* )m
ً‫ א‬K
y
  
‫{
و‬4 €* )2
ً‫א‬+?‫ن
ز‬J
W‫ ل‬SX
{6 7 
‫{
و‬y
  
‫و‬


6 7 
‫{
و‬IU;  C $*
y
  
‫{
و‬0*  N* ƒ
 C $*
‫ ن‬W 

‫{
و‬R
* ‫א‬M+ C* 5
 
* *
 
* 
‫{
و‬+*  
*  C $*


K' 2|  C ‫
وא‬IU= C $*



As for
E)aX ‫א‬G 
‫ن

و‬JF Then they affect the Nominal sentence by



placing the E + C N  ْ ‫א‬F Nominal Subject into the state of Nasb and


By leaving the predicate E N B  ْ ‫א‬F in the state of Nasb. Inna and





her sisters
E)aX ‫א‬G 
‫ن

و‬JF include
E‫ ن‬JF and
E‫  ن‬F and E 
*  F and E‫ ن‬W 
 F
and Ey    F and
E6 7  F. Some examples of Inna and her sisters can


be found in the following examples:
E4 €* )2
ً‫א‬+?‫ن
ز‬J
F and


EŠ
4 G    F and whatever is similar to this. Both Inna E‫ ن‬J F

* )m
ً‫ א‬K
y


and
Anna E‫  ن‬F are used to express affirmation. Lakinna
E  *  F is

13



used to express rectification or correction. Ka'anna E‫ ن‬W   F is used


when expressing comparison or likeness. Layta
Ey    F
is used to


express regret. La'ala
E6 7  F is used to express anticipation and


expectation.




WI
 %*
‫){
و‬a
‫ @ن‬7"ْ 1
) a  
9$K
N B
 ْ ‫
و
א‬+ C N  ْ ‫[
א‬
* ; X
)a ‡ 8
)aX ‫א‬G
 
‫
و‬y
 ; ; …

)1
‫و‬

‫{
و‬y
 $ْ 7 =

‫{
و‬T
 q B
 XU ‫{
و
א‬T
 + =
 ‫{
و
و‬y
  $*K
‫{
و‬y
 ?  M
‫{
و‬y
  K ‫{
و
ز‬y
 $ْ G
*
‫{
و‬y
 N 
* 

‫{
و‬y
 ; ; …



K c  * ‫
ذ‬0N m
 
)1
‫*[ ً){
و‬G)m
ً‫ א‬K
y  ?  M
‫)€* ً){
و‬2
ً‫א‬+?‫
ز‬y
 ; ; …

W‫ ل‬SX
‫؛‬y7 * 5


As for Dthununtu and her sisters
E)aX ‫א‬G 
‫
و‬y; ; …  F Then they affect


the nominal sentence by placing both the E + C N  ْ ‫א‬F
nominal subject


and E N B  ْ ‫א‬F
predicate into the state of Nasb while making them


nominal objects for Dthununtu and her sisters
E)aX ‫א‬G 
‫
و‬y; ; …  F.



Dthununtu and her sisters
E)aX ‫א‬G 
‫
و‬y; ; …  F are:
Ey  ; ; …
 F and Ey  N   F

* 



Ey
 $ْ G
* F and
Ey   K ‫ ز‬F and Ey  ?  M F and
Ey   $*K F and ET  + =
 ‫ و‬F and ET  XU ‫א‬F
and
 q B


and
Ey  F and
Ey
 $ْ 7 =  7 * 5
 F. Some examples of Dthununtu and her



sisters
E)aX ‫א‬G 
‫
و‬y; ; …  F can be found in the following examples:


E)ً *€)2
ً‫א‬+?‫
ز‬y; ; …
 F and E)ً [*G)m
ً‫ א‬K
y  ?  M F
and whatever is similar to


this.





y
* 7 ; ‫
א‬L)


The Chapter of the Adjective




4+? ‫)م
ز‬2
W‫ ل‬SX
‫*؛‬n  
* ; X
‫*
و‬0"* ?  7 X
‫{
و‬0* h
* "ْ G

‫*
و‬0N* [
 
‫{
و‬0* 7* 8ْ M
I*8
*T7;  $*
4' * )X
Wy
 7 ; ‫א‬


K6 2* )7ْ ‫
א‬g+? b *
TM  1
‫{
و‬6 2* )7ْ ‫אً
א‬+?‫
ز‬y? ‫ א‬M
‫{
و‬6 2* )7ْ ‫א‬
The adjective follows the object of description in its Raf', Nasb,
and Khafdh while also following the object of description in its
definiteness or indefiniteness as in the following examples:


E6 2* )7ْ ‫
א‬4+? ‫)م
ز‬2F and
E6 2* )7ْ ‫אً
א‬+?‫
ز‬y? ‫א‬M F and E6 2* )7ْ ‫
א‬g+? b *
TM  1 F.

14

‫{
و‬. 
# 1
‫
و‬g+? ‫
ز‬W \
 
$7 ْ ‫
א‬5
 @* ‫{
و
א‬y
  
‫
)
و‬W \
 
  h
  ْ ‫
א‬5
 @* ‫
א‬W<)m
 
.8  7  ْ ‫و
א‬

‫
و‬6=
  ‫
א‬W \
 
‫ م‬#‫
و
א‬D* E ‫*
א‬0 8*
p*q# ‫
א‬5
 @* ‫ @ *<{
و
א‬l %
‫{
و‬n* q* %
‫א{
و‬q%
W \
 
 a N  ْ ‫
א‬5
 @* ‫א‬


K.* 7  M E ‫*
א‬nq* %
1*
g+
* ‫
وא‬9J
D (
* 
)1
‫ م{
و‬ ^ ْ ‫א‬
The Condition of Definiteness consists of five things: 1. Implicit




Nouns like:
Ey   
‫)
و‬F and 2. Proper Nouns like: E.  # 1
‫
و‬4+? ‫ ز‬F



3. Ambiguous Nouns like:
E<* @ l %
‫{
و‬n* q* %
‫א{
و‬q% F 4. Nouns which are


preceded by the definite article
E‫אل‬F like: E‫ م‬  ^ ْ ‫
و
א‬6=  ‫א‬F 5. Nouns
which are compounded with one of the four previously mentioned
nouns.

)1
j6

0N ?  Sْ X
‫ {
و‬G
 ~
‫
دون‬4+
* ‫*
وא‬0 *
ŠCB
 ?
@
*0
* ; =
*
I*8
ٍ'€* )m
ٍ5
 ‫
*א‬j6

Ww  
* ; ‫و
א‬


K ‫س‬
  " ْ ‫
و
א‬6=
  ‫\
א‬
 
{0*  $K
‫م‬#‫
و
א‬D* E ‫ ل
א‬G‫
د‬Z$s

The indefinite consists of every noun which is general in its
classification and is not easily distinguished from other nouns of
the same type. One might approximate that the indefinite includes


all of the words that can accept the definite article
E‫אل‬F like:


E‫س‬   " ْ ‫
و
א‬6=   ‫א‬F.






D
* „
ْ 7 ْ ‫
א‬L)
The Chapter of Conjunction

{ 
* 
‫{
و
@{
و‬6 
‫){
و‬1J
‫ {
و
 و{
و
 م{
و‬/
‫
א ْא و{
و
א ْ") <{
و‬WI
 %*
‫{
و‬w-  ƒ
 K
*D„
ْ 7 ْ ‫ و>
א‬

‫و‬


K' (
* ‫
א ْ  א‬A7 
I*8
9C

‫و‬


The Letters of Conjunction are ten: The Waaw
E‫و‬F, the Faa
E>F,




Thumma
E / F, Aww
E‫  و‬F, Amm E‫  م‬F, Imma
E)1JF, Bal E6  F, and Laa




E@ F, Laakin
E 
*  F, and in some instances Hatta E9C  F.




‫{
و‬y
 h
 "* G

ٍ‫"ض‬B
 1
9$K
‫{
و‬y
 N [
* 
gL[; 1
9$K
‫{
و‬y
 7 8* M
ٍ‫ع‬8 1
9$K
y" „
* K
‫ ‡ن‬8

‫
و‬g+? b *
TM  1
‫ ًא{
و‬K
‫אً
و‬+?‫
ز‬y? ‫ א‬M
‫و{
و‬4  K
‫
و‬4+? ‫)م
ز‬2F
W‫ ل‬SX
{y
 1 b =

ٍ‫وم‬bf
 1
9$K


KE+ 7 Sْ ?

‫ 
و‬S ?

4+? ‫  ٍو{
و
ز‬K
So if a word is conjoined with another which is in the state of Raf'
then the conjoined word also assumes the state of Raf', and if a

15
 word is conjoined with another which is in the state of Nasb then
the conjoined word also assumes the state of Nasb, and if a word is
conjoined with another which is in the state of Khafdh then the
conjoined word also assumes the state of Khafdh, and if a word is
conjoined with another which is in the state of Jazm then the

conjoined word also assumes the state of Jazm. Examples of and


this can be found in the following statements:
E‫و‬4  K
‫
و‬4+? ‫)م
ز‬2F


E‫ ًא‬K
‫אً
و‬+?‫
ز‬y? ‫א‬M F and
E‫  ٍو‬K
‫
و‬g+? b *
TM  1 F and E+ 7 Sْ ?

‫
و‬S ?

4+? ‫ ز‬F.





+*  
*  C ‫
א‬L)


The Chapter of Emphasis

KE0* "* ?  7 X
‫*
و‬0h

* "ْ G

‫*
و‬0N* [
 
‫*
و‬07* 8ْ M
I*8
*+
# l  $ْ *
4' * )XF
W+  
*  C ‫א‬
The Emphatic Article follows the emphasized object in its Raf',
Nasb, Khafdh, and definiteness or indefiniteness.

WI
 %*
‫=  '{
و‬
 
' * ‫א‬X
‫=  '{
و‬
 
‫{
و‬6Œ 

‫  {
و‬7 ْ ‫{
و
א‬v
 "ْ ; ‫
א‬WI
 %*
‫{
و‬.g 1 $7 1
g…)"ْ W *
‫و
?ن‬

‫ م‬S ْ )*
TM  1
‫ {
و‬a $#

‫ م‬S ْ ‫
א‬y?  M
‫{
و‬0 
 "ْ 
4+? ‫)م
ز‬2
W‫ ل‬SX
{' [
  
‫ '{
و‬C  
‫ '{
و‬C 
ْ 


K  7*  =
 


The Emphatic state is established with the following words:
Evْ" F,




EK F and
E6Π  F and E'  =   F and the words that can be extracted




from
E'  =  F like:
E' C 
ْ  F and
E' C   F and E' [    F. Examples of this can


be found in the following statements: E0   "ْ 
4+? ‫)م
ز‬2F and


E a $#

‫ م‬S ْ ‫
א‬y?  M F and E  7*  =
 
‫ م‬S ْ )*
TM  1 F.





‫ ل‬+ N ْ ‫
א‬L)
The Chapter of Substitution

K0* * ‫א‬K J
' * =


I*8
07 N* X
ٍ67 8*
1*
467 8*
‫ٍ
و‬5
 ‫
*א‬1*
45
 ‫ل
*א‬+*  
‫ذא‬J
If a noun is substituted for another noun or if a verb is substituted
for another verb then the substitute follows the original noun or
verb in exactly the same grammatical state.

16

‫ل‬+ 
‫{
و‬6U 
 ْ ‫
א‬1*
A7 N ْ ‫ل
א‬+ 
‫ *<{
و‬I
ƒ ‫ 
א‬1*
*<I
ƒ ‫ل
א‬+ 
W‫) ٍم‬2ْ 
*.7  M 
9$K
%
‫و‬

4+? ‫
ز‬I*;7 " 
‫{
و‬0 t $/
D †*  ‫
א‬y$ْ 
 
‫{
و‬R
 G
4+? ‫)م
ز‬2F
Wc
 *  2
\
 
{
* $^ ْ ‫ل
א‬+ 
‫ ) ل{
و‬C* m
 ] ‫א‬


K0 ; 1*
ً‫א‬+?‫
ز‬yْ +  W 8
y„
ْ $*^ 8
‫
א ْ " س‬y ?  M
W‫ ل‬SX
‫
ن‬T‫ د‬M 
{E‫س‬
  " ْ ‫אً
א‬+?‫
ز‬y?  M
‫{
و‬0  $ْ K*
Substitution is divided into four categories: 1. The complete
substitution of something. 2. The substitution of a part for the
whole 3. The theoretical substitution. 4. The Substitution of error.




Some examples of the these types of substitution include:


ER  G
4+? ‫)م
ز‬2F
and E0 t $/
D †*  ‫
א‬y$ْ    F
and
E0 $ْ K*
4+? ‫
ز‬I*;7 "  F and also in


the following phrase E‫س‬   " ْ ‫אً
א‬+?‫
ز‬y?  M F.
Since
E+4 ? ‫ ز‬F was mentioned


accidentally the word
E‫س‬   " ْ ‫א‬F is then mentioned directly afterwards


as a substitution for the word which was mentioned mistakenly.

<* ) 5
 E ‫*
א‬y  [; 1
L)
The Chapter of Nouns in the State of Nasb

>…

‫)ن
و‬1b ‫… >
א‬

‫{
و‬M + [
  ْ ‫{
و
א‬0* *
‫ل‬7"ْ  ْ ‫
א‬WI
 %*
‫ƒ {
و‬
 K
.
  G

y  [;  ْ ‫א‬

‫{
و‬0* $*=
 
1*
‫ل‬7"ْ  ْ ‫
@{
و
א ْ  ;)د{
و
א‬5
 ‫{
و
*א‬9;t C 
  ْ ‫{
و
א‬b  *  C ‫א ْ  ) ن{
و
א ْ\) ل{
و
א‬


K)aX* ‫א‬G
 
‫ن
و‬J
5
 ‫){
و
*א‬aX*  G
 
‫
)ن
و‬N G

‫{
و‬0 7 1
‫ل‬7"ْ  ْ ‫א‬
The Nouns in the State of Nasb are fifteen: The verbal object, The
infinitive, The preposition(circumstantial) of time, The
preposition(circumstantial) of place, Status(state), Specification,


Exception, The Noun of Laa
E@F,
The Caller, The


Causative Object, The Object of Accompaniment, The


Predicate of Kaana and her sisters
E)aX*  G 
‫)ن
و‬F, The Nominal


Subject of Inna and her sisters
E)aX* ‫א‬G 
‫ن
و‬JF.





K‫ ل‬+ N ْ ‫{
و
א‬+  
*  C ‫{
و
א‬D
 „
ْ 7 ْ ‫{
و
א‬y
 7 ; ‫
א‬W< )m
 
.7  M 
%
‫{
و‬L
* [;  $ْ *
' * )C‫و
א‬
The articles which follow what has proceeded in Nasb are four: the
adjective, the conjunction, the emphatic article, and the
substitution.

17


0* *
‫ل‬7"ْ  ْ ‫
א‬L
 )
The Chapter of the Verbal Object





K ‫س‬
  " ْ ‫
א‬yN 
* M
‫ًא{
و‬+?‫
ز‬y   (

W \
 
{6 7 "* ْ ‫*
א‬0 *
'S ?
p*q# ‫{
א‬L
 [;  ْ ‫ {
א‬5
 @* ‫
א‬W %
‫و‬
The Verbal Object is the Noun in the state of Nasb upon which a


verb is enacted. For example:
E‫ًא‬+?‫
ز‬y   (  F
and
E‫
א ْ "س‬yN  * M F.





4  h
 1
‫{
و‬4 %* )…
W‫ ) ن‬
 2*
%
‫و‬


And it is divided into two types:
E4 %* )…F Apparent, and
E4 * h
 1 F
Implicit.

n  
ْ ‫م
*ذ‬+ S X
)1
*%)#`)8
The Apparent has previously been explained.

K64 [
* " ; 1
‫{
و‬64 [
* C 1
W‫ ) ن‬
 2*
  h
  ْ ‫و
א‬
And the Implicit can be divided into to groups: The Attached and
Detached.

‫ ){
و‬
   (

‫{
و‬c
*   (

‫{
و‬c
   (

‫(   ;){
و‬

‫{
و‬I*;   (

WI
 %*
‫ƒ {
و‬
 K
);/ ‫
א‬6[
* C  ْ )8


K a   (

‫ {
و‬a   (

‫ ){
و‬a   (

‫){
و‬a   (

‫{
و‬0   (

‫ {
و‬
   (

‫ {
و‬
   (

So the Attached Implicit Verbal Objects are twelve which include:



EI*;   (  F and
E);   (  F and Ec  F and
Ec
   ( *   (
 F and E)     (
 F and



E    (  F and
E     (
 F and E0   (  F and
E)a   (  F and E) a   (  F
and



E a   (
 F and
E a   (  F.




‫ {
و‬
 ) ? J
‫ ){
و‬
 )?J
‫{
و‬R
* )?J
‫{
و‬R
 )?J
‫?)){
و‬J
‫{
و‬p
 )?J
WI
 %*
‫ƒ {
و‬
 K
);/ ‫
א‬6[
* " ;  ْ ‫و
א‬



K % ) ? J
‫ {
و‬% ) ? J
‫  ){
و‬% ) ? J
‫){
و‬%) ? J
‫{
و‬n ) ? J
‫ {
و‬
 )?J


And the Detached Verbal Objects are also twelve which include:



Ep )?JF and
E))?JF and ER  )?JF and
ER * )?J F and E)   )?J F and
E   ) ? J F and



E   )?J F and
En ) ? J F and E)%) ? J F and
E) % ) ? J F and E % ) ? J F and E % ) ? J F.

18


M + [
  ْ ‫
א‬L)
The Chapter of the Musdar (Original Noun)

L h
 ?
L (

W \
 
{6 7 "* ْ ‫*
א‬D?[
 X
I*8
ً)t*)/
<I*f?
p*q# ‫{
א‬L
 [;  ْ ‫ {
א‬5
 @* ‫
א‬W %
M+ [
  ْ ‫א‬


K)ً (


The Musdar (Original Noun) is the Noun in the state of Nasb

which is mentioned third when conjugating Arabic verbs. For
Example: E)ً ( 
L h
 ?
L (
 F.





K 
ً C 2
0C kْ$C 2
W \
 
{I
Œ`* "ْ 
a 8
*0$*7 8*
!"ْ 
0`
 "ْ 
Ž8 ‫ ‡ن
وא‬8
Œp ; 7 1
‫{
و‬IŒ`
* "ْ 
W‫ ) ن‬
 2*
%
‫و‬
And the Musdar (Original Noun) can be divided into two groups:
The Written, and the Abstract. So if the letter composition of the
Musdar agrees with the verb which is extracted from it then the
Musdar is written like: E ً C 2
0C kْ$C 2 F




)1
‫ ً){
و‬82‫
و‬y  2
‫دًא{
و‬72
y
 $=

W \
 
{p
Π ; 7 1
a 8
*0`
* "ْ 
‫*
دون‬0$*7 8*
9;7 1
Ž8 ‫ن
وא‬J
‫و‬


K c
 * ‫
ذ‬0N m
 
And if the meaning of the Musdar agrees with a verb consisting of
a different word structure but conveys the same meaning as the



Musdar then this Musdar is considered abstract like: E‫دًא‬72
y  $=
F
and E)ً 82‫
و‬y  2 F and whatever is similar to this.






‫… >*
א ْ  ) ن‬

‫)ن
و‬1b ‫… >*
א‬

L)
The Chapter of the circumstantial Preposition of Time and Place

‫{
و‬wً ‫ و‬+ †
‫{
و‬. $ $#‫\
א ْ   م{
و
א‬

 
EI*8F
? +* Sْ C *
L[;  ْ ‫) ن
א‬1b ‫ 
א‬5
 ‫
*א‬W %
‫)ن‬1b ‫… >
א‬


0N m
 
)1
‫; ً){
و‬
*
‫ًא{
و‬+1
‫ًא{
و‬+ 
‫<{
و‬: )1
‫) ً){
و‬Ns

‫{
و‬.ً  C K
‫ًא{
و‬+†
‫\ًא{
و‬5

‫{
و‬wً  
ْ 


Kc
 * ‫ذ‬
The circumstantial Preposition of Time is a noun of time which is


in the state of Nasb with the implied meaning of "in" or "during"
as in the following examples: E‫א ْ   م‬F and
E. $ $#‫א‬F and
Ewً ‫ و‬+ † F and
Ewً  
ْ  F

19
  F and
E‫ًא‬+†F and
E.ً  C K F and
E)ً )Ns
E‫\ًא‬5  F
and
E<: )1 F and
E‫ًא‬+  F and
E‫ًא‬+1 F and
E)ً ;
* F
and whatever is similar to this.




‫א م{
و‬+2
‫{
و‬D
 $ْ G

‫) م{
و‬1
\
 
EI*8F
? +* Sْ C *
L[;  ْ ‫ 
א ْ  )ن
א‬5
 ‫
*א‬W %
‫… >
א ْ  )ن‬



K c
 * ‫
ذ‬0N m
 
)1
‫;){
و‬%
‫
و‬/
‫) <{
و‬S$*X
‫א <{
و‬q
*
‫زא <{
و‬J
‫'
و‬1
‫{
و‬+ ; K*
‫{
و‬y
 \
 X
‫  ق{
و‬8
‫א <{
و‬M‫و‬
The circumstantial Preposition of Place is a noun of location
which is in the state of Nasb which conveys the meaning of "in"


as in the following examples:
E‫) م‬1 F and
ED  F and
E‫א م‬+ 2 F and
E< ‫א‬M‫ و‬F
 $ْ G
E‫  ق‬8 F and
Ey  \ X F and
E+ ; K* F and
E< ‫زא‬J F and
E' 1 F and
E< ‫א‬q * F and
E< )S$*X F and
E / F and
E);% F
and whatever is similar to this.





‫
א ْ\) ل‬L)
The Chapter of the Situational

4+? ‫=)<
ز‬F
Wc

 *  2
\
 
{T
* ) a ْ ‫
א‬1*
a N  ‫
* )
א‬
U "  ْ ‫{
א‬L
 [;  ْ ‫ {
א‬5
 @* ‫
א‬W %
‫א ْ\)ل‬


K c
 * ‫
ذ‬0N m
 
)1
‫
و‬E)ً N*‫א‬M

* ‫
א‬+N K
y S  F
‫
و‬E)ً =
 1
‫
א ْ " س‬yN 
* M F
‫
و‬E)ً N*‫א‬M
The Situational is the Noun in the state of Nasb which gives


description to an ambiguous situation like the following:



E)ً N*‫א‬M
4+? ‫=)<
ز‬F and E)ً =  1
‫
א ْ " س‬yN 
* M F and E)ً N*‫א‬M
*‫
א‬+N K
y S  F.




‫ م{
و
@
? ن‬
 
 ْ ‫ )م
א‬X
+7 
@‘ J
‫{
و
@
? ن
א ْ\)ل‬wً  
* 
‘@J
‫و
@
? ن
א ْ\)ل‬


K.ً 8  7 1
‘@J
)aN 
* )s
The Situational does not exist except in the indefinite state and
does not occur except after completed speech. The companion of



the Situational is cannot be anything other than Definite.





b  *  C ْ ‫
א‬L)
The Chapter of the Distinctive (Specificational)

20

4+? ‫
ز‬N [
 X F
Wc
 *  2
\
 
{T
* ‫وא‬q ‫ 
א‬1*
a N  ‫
* )
א‬
U "  ْ ‫{
א‬L
 [;  ْ ‫ {
א‬5
 @* ‫
א‬W %
b *  C ْ ‫א‬

‫
و‬E)ً 1†
?  ƒ
 K
y?  C m
 ‫א‬F
‫
و‬E)ً ْ"
4+  \
 1
L)uF
‫
و‬E)ً \m

4
ْ 
WS# " X F
‫{
و‬E)ً 2K


KE)ً a=‫
و‬c  ; 1*
6  =
  F
‫
و‬E)ً 
c; 1*
‫ م‬
ْ 
4+? ‫ ز‬F
‫
و‬E.ً f  7 
 7*  X*
y ْ $1 F
The Distinctive (Specificational) is the Noun in the state of Nasb

which gives description to an ambiguous object like the



following statements:
E)ً 2K
4+? ‫
ز‬N [  X F and E)ً \m 
4 ْ 
WS# " X Fand



E)ًْ"
4+  \
 1
L)uF and E)ً 1†
?  ƒ  K
y?  C m
 ‫א‬F and E.ً f  7 
 7* 
 X*
y
ْ $1 F and


E)ً 
c; 1*
‫ م‬
ْ 
4+? ‫ ز‬F and E)ً a=‫
و‬c  ; 1*
6  =
  F.





K‫ م‬
 
 ْ ‫ )م
א‬X
+7 
‘@J
‫{
و
@
?ن‬wً  
* 
‘@J
‫و
@
?ن‬
The Distinctive (Specificational) does not exist except in the


indefinite state and does not occur except after completed speech.





<* );t C* 5
 @* ‫
א‬L)
The Chapter of the Exceptional

‫א{
و‬+K
‫{
و‬
 G

‫<{
و‬4 ‫א‬5

‫{
و‬
:  5

‫{
و‬
:  5
*
‫ ‘@{
و
†  {
و‬J
WI
 %*
‫{
و‬.-  * ) /
<* );t C* 5
 @* ‫>
א‬
 ‫و‬

‫و‬


K)m)


The articles of exception are eight:
E@ JF and
E  † F and
E:  5 * F and


E:  5  F and
E
 F and
E<4 ‫א‬5  F and
E‫א‬+K F and
E)m)F.



 G




‫ ج‬G
 F
‫
و‬E‫ًא‬+?‫@‘
ز‬J
‫ م‬S ْ ‫)م
א‬2F
W\
{)ً N*=1
ً)1Q )X
‫م‬
 
 ْ ‫ذא
)ن
א‬J
[
 ; ?
‘@‡ *
9;t C 
  ْ )8

{<* );t C* 5
 @* ‫
א‬9$K
[
 ; ‫ل
و
א‬+ N ْ ‫*
א‬0*8
‫)ً
=)ز‬1Q )X
)’"* ; 1
‫م‬
 
 ْ ‫ن
)ن
א‬J
‫
و‬E‫ ًא‬K
‘@J
‫א;)س‬

*
 

9$K
‫*[)ً
)ن‬2)
‫م‬
 
 ْ ‫ن
)ن
א‬J
‫
و‬E‫ًא‬+?‫@‘
ز‬J F
‫
و‬E‫ًא‬+?‫@‘
ز‬J
‫ م‬S ْ ‫)م
א‬2
)1F
W\


KE+g ? b *
@‘ J
TM  1
)1F
‫
و‬E‫ًא‬+?‫@‘
ز‬J
y   (

)1F
‫
و‬E+4 ? ‫@‘
ز‬J
‫)م‬2
)1F
W\
{6 1* ‫א‬7 ْ ‫א‬







The Exceptional with E@ JF is entered into the state of Nasb if the



speech which has preceded it is complete. For example:


E‫ًא‬+?‫@‘
ز‬J
‫ م‬S ْ ‫)م
א‬2F and E‫ ًא‬K
‘@J
‫ ج
א;)س‬G F. If the speech is complete


and also negative then substitution here is permissible as well as


exception as in the following: E‫ًא‬+?‫@‘
ز‬J
‫ م‬S ْ ‫)م
א‬2
)1F and E‫ًא‬+?‫@‘
ز‬JF. If

21
 the speech is deficient then its grammatical classification depends


upon the presence of other grammatical factors like those


found in the following examples:
E+4 ? ‫@‘
ز‬J
‫)م‬2
)1F and E‫ًא‬+?‫@‘
ز‬J
y   (

)1F
and E+g ? b *
‘@J
TM  1
)1F.






K  †
@
4M‫و‬f
 1
{<g ‫א‬5

‫{
و‬
:  5

‫{
و‬
:  5
*
‫
* ^  ٍ{
و‬9;t C 
  ْ ‫و
א‬


The Exceptional with E  † F and
E:  5 * F
and E :  5
 F and
E<4 ‫א‬5  F are


always in the grammatical state of Jarr.




E+g ? ‫ًא{
و ز‬+?‫
ز‬
 G

‫ م‬S ْ ‫)م
א‬2F
W\
{n j =

‫
و‬0N [
 
‫ز‬f?
{)m)
‫א{
و‬+K
‫{
و‬
 B
 *
9;t C 
  ْ ‫و
א‬


KEٍ  ْ 
‫)
 ْאً
و‬m)  F
‫
و‬E‫  ٍو‬K
‫ ًא
و‬K
‫א‬+K F
‫و‬


The Exceptional with
E  G  F and
E‫א‬+K F
and E)m)F
can place the


noun which follows it into either the state of Nasb or Jarr like that


found in the following examples: E‫ًא‬+?‫
ز‬  G 
‫ م‬S ْ ‫)م
א‬2F or E+g ? ‫ ز‬F and



E‫ ًא‬K
‫א‬+K
‫  م‬S ْ ‫)م
א‬2F or E‫  ٍو‬K F and E‫)
 ًْא‬m)
‫  م‬S ْ ‫)م
א‬2F or Eٍ  ْ  F.





@
L)


The Chapter of
E@ F




@F
W\
E@ F
M 
 C X

‫
و‬w 
* ; ‫
א‬T m
* )
‫ذא‬J
ٍ?  ; X
 ^ *
*T‫א‬
* ; ‫[
א‬
 ; X
E@ F
‫
ن‬$K J


KEM ‫א‬+‫
א‬I*8
6=
 M


Know that
E@ F Places indefinite nouns without the tanween


into the state of Nasb if it is immediately followed by another

indefinite noun and the E@ F is not repeated as in the following


sentence: EM ‫א‬+‫
א‬I*8
6= M
@F.





KEwً   1 ‫
و
@
א‬M‫א‬+‫
א‬I*8
6=
 M
@F
W\
E@ F
M‫א‬
ْ X
=
 ‫'
و
و‬8ْ  ‫=
א‬
 ‫)
و‬% m
* )NX

‫ ‡ن‬8
And if it is not immediately followed by an indefinite noun then


the state of Raf' becomes obligatory as does the repetition of E@ F

as in the following example: Ew-   1 ‫
و
@
א‬46= M
M ‫א‬+‫
א‬I8*
@F

22

‫
و‬Ewً   1 ‫
و
@
א‬M‫א‬+‫
א‬I*8
6=
 M
@F
Wy
 $ْ 2
y m
*
‫ ‡ن‬8
{)a€* )^ْ J
‫)
و‬a ) K J
:‫
=) ز‬E@ F
T
 M  
 X
‫ ‡ن‬8


KEw-   1 ‫
و
@
א‬M ‫א‬+‫
א‬I*8
46=
 M
@ F
Wy
 $ْ 2
y
  m
*
‫ ن‬J






So if E@ F is repeated then it is permissible for it to be used as it is




also permissible for it to remain unused. So it can be said:


Ewً   1 ‫
و
@
א‬M‫א‬+‫
א‬I*8
6= M
@F as well as: Ew-  1 ‫
و
@
א‬M‫א‬+‫
א‬I*8
46= M
@F.





‫
א ْ  ;)د‬L)
The Chapter of Called (Vocative)

‫{
و‬w* ‫[ د‬Sْ  ْ ‫
† 
א‬w 

* ; ‫{
و
א‬w ‫[ د‬Sْ  ْ ‫
א‬w 
* ; ‫ {
و
א‬$7 ْ ‫
א ْ  ْ" د
א‬W‫
 א ٍع‬.
  G

‫א ْ  ;)د‬


K >
* )h  ْ )*
0N* ƒ
 ‫>{
و
א‬
 )h  ْ ‫א‬
The Called (Vocative) is of five types: 1. The Single Proper Name
2. The indefinite Intended (Implied) 3. The indefinite unintended
4. The Compounded Nouns 5. And that which resembles the


Compounded Nouns.





E+ ? ‫?)
ز‬F
\
{ٍ ?  ; X
 †
1*
U h
 ‫
א‬9$K
‫ ;)ن‬N  8
w‫[ د‬Sْ  ْ ‫
א‬w 
* ; ‫ 
و
א‬$7 ْ ‫)
א ْ  ْ" د
א‬1W 8


KE6 =
 M
)?F
‫و‬
As for the Single Proper Name and the Indefinite Intended then
they are both linguistically constructed upon the Dhomma without .





the presence of Tanween like in:
E+ ? ‫?)
ز‬F and E6 = M
)?F



K  †
@
-.  [; 1
. 2* )Nْ ‫
א‬./ 
 t ‫و
א‬
And the three remaining stay in the state of Nasb and do not
change.





0* $*=
 
1*
‫ل‬7"ْ  ْ ‫
א‬L)
The Chapter of the Causative Object

4+? ‫)م
ز‬2F
c*  2
\
{6 7 "* ْ ‫ع
א‬2‫*
و‬N 

 *
‫)ن‬N *

 q ?
p*q# ‫{
א‬L
 [;  ْ ‫ {
א‬5
 @* ‫
א‬W %
‫و‬


KEc
 8* ‫و‬7 1
<)^C*  ‫
א‬cX + [
 2 F
‫
و‬E‫  ٍو‬7 *
ً@
 =
 J

23
 The Causative Object is the Noun in the state of Nasb which is

mentioned in order to explain the reason why a verb occurred as



in the following examples:
E‫  ٍو‬7 *
ً@  =
 J
4+? ‫)م
ز‬2 F and


Ec
 8* ‫و‬7 1
<)^C*  ‫
א‬cX + [
 2 F.





0 7 1
‫ل‬7"ْ  ْ ‫
א‬L)
The Chapter of the Accompanying Verbal Object




 1* E ‫=)<
א‬F
Wc
 *  2
\
{6 7 "* ْ ‫
א‬07 1
67* 8
1
‫)ن‬N *

 q ?
p*q# ‫{
א‬L
 [;  ْ ‫ {
א‬5
 @* ‫
א‬W %
‫و‬


KE. N ƒ  B  ْ ‫
א ْ )<
و
א‬C 5
 ‫א‬F
‫
و‬E“   f ْ ‫و
א‬
The Accompanying Verbal Object is the Noun in the state of Nasb
which is mentioned in order to explain who participated in the
enactment of the verb (action) as in the following examples:
E“
  f
 ْ ‫ 
و
א‬1* E ‫=)<
א‬F and E. N ƒ B
 ْ ‫
א ْ )<
و
א‬C 5
 ‫א‬F.

I*8
) %  
ْ ‫م
*ذ‬+ S X
+S 8
{)aX* ‫א‬G
 
‫
و‬E‫ ن‬J F
5
 ‫){
و
א‬aX* ‫א‬G
 
‫
و‬E‫) ن‬F
N G

)1
‫و‬


K R
 );%
y1 + S X
+S 8
‫א * '؛‬C ‫
א‬c* q 

‫{
و‬T
* )K8  ْ ‫א‬




As for the Predicate of Kaana and her sisters
E)aX* ‫א‬G 
‫)ن
و‬F
and


the Nominal Subject of Inna and her sisters
E)aX* ‫א‬G 
‫ن
و‬J
5  ‫א‬F then
You will find its mention in the chapter of the Nouns in the State
of Raf' and you will also find its explanation in the chapter of the


Successors (or Followers).





<* ) 5
 E ‫
א‬1*
*T)("B
  ْ ‫
א‬L)
The Chapter of the Nouns in the State of Khafdh

K ‫ض‬
 "B
  $*
4' * )X
‫{
و‬.* 8 )(] )*
4‫"ض‬B
 1
‫>{
و‬
*  \
 ْ )*
4‫"ض‬B
 1
W‫
 א ٍع‬./ 
 /
T)("B
  ْ ‫א‬
The Nouns in the state of Khafdh are three types: 1. The Nouns in
the state of Khafdh because of a letter 2. The Nouns in the state of
Khafdh due to compounding 3. And The Nouns in the state of
Khafdh because of Succession (Following the Vowel marking of

whatever preceded it).

24

‫{
و
و‬L
 M
‫{
و‬I8*
‫{
و‬9$K
‫ {
و‬K
‫{
و‬9J
‫
* * {
و‬A" B
 ?
)1
W a 8
*> \
 ْ )*
‫"ض‬B
  ْ ‫)
א‬1W 8

‫{
و‬L
 M
‫) <{
و
*אو‬C‫) <{
و
א‬Nْ ‫
א ْא و{
و
א‬WI
 %*
‫ {
و‬
 S ْ ‫\و>*
א‬
 *
‫) م{
و‬#$‫>{
و
א‬
* )ْ ‫) *<{
و
א‬Nْ ‫א‬


Kq ; 1
‫{
و‬q  *
As for the Nouns in the state of Khafdh because of a letter then



they are whatever is grammatically affected by E 1* F and E9JFand
E K F and
E9$K F
and EI*8F and
EL  M F and
E<* )Nْ ‫א‬F and
E>* )ْ ‫א‬F
and E‫) م‬#$‫א‬F
and
The letters of Oath which are E‫א ْא و‬F
and E< )Nْ ‫א‬F
and E< )C‫א‬F and


EL
 M
‫ *אو‬F
and Eq  * F
and Eq ; 1 F.





{‫ م‬
 # )*
M+ S ?
)1
W   
 2*
9$K
%
‫
و‬E+g ? ‫م
ز‬
 † F
Wc
 *  2
\; 8
{.* 8 )(] )*
‫"ض‬B
  ْ ‫)
א‬1
‫و‬

‫
و‬Eb”
G

L / F
\
{ * *
M+ S ?
p*q# ‫
و
א‬E+g ? ‫م
ز‬
 † F
\
‫م‬
 # )*
M+ S ?
p*q# )8
‫
* * ؛‬M+ S ?
)1
‫و‬


KE+g ? +* 

C* G
 F
‫
و‬E•ٍ 5
L) F
And as for the Nouns which are placed into the state of Khafdh by


way of compounding then their example is like that of the


following:
E+g ? ‫م
ز‬
 † F and is divided into two groups: 1. That which



is supposed with E‫ م‬  # ‫א‬F like:
E+g ? ‫م
ز‬
 † F and that which is supposed






with E 1* F like: Eb” 
L / F
and E•ٍ 5
G 
L) F
and E+g ? +* 

C* G
 F.






* ‫*
א‬+  \
 *
X
Completed with all of the praise being for Allaah The Majestic

25