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Global Research & Technology Centre/ GRTC Training Department

Introduction to Drilling Fluids Operation

Drilling Fluids Workshop 23th 26th Nov 2009 Duri - Indonesia

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Topics to cover : How to find oil Drilling Rig Drilling Operation Drilling Fluids Operation

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How to Find Oil

Direct Indications
o Natural seepages of oil o Outcrops of oil-bearing rocks

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How to Find Oil

Geological Methods
o To select promising sites for the drilling of exploratory wells o Prepare a Map (both surface and sub surface) o Methods : o Gravitational Survey o Magnetic Survey o Seismic Survey

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How to Find Oil

(seismic)
Using air gun as the source of shock waves Compressed air is more environmen tally friendly than explosives Receivers to record waves reflected by formation layers

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How to Find Oil

(seismic)

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How to Find Oil

Sub-surface map

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How to Find Oil

(seismic)

Land operation Using Geophone to receive waves

Offshore operation Using Hydrophone to receive waves

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How to Find Oil

Reservoir Geology/Types
Structure trap resulting from faulting

Oil accumulated in a domal structure

OIL

SALT WATER

GAS OIL SALT WATER

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How to Find Oil

Oil accumulation under an unconformity

Reservoir Geology/Types
Oil accumulation in the vicinity of a piercement-type salt dome

GAS

OIL SALT WATER

SALT

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What Next ?
Well Construction Drilling (making hole) Cementing

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Drilling a Well

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Drilling Rig
Is a portable factory that is built to make a hole.

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Rig Type

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Land Rig

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Swamp-Barge Rig

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Off-Shore (Shallow Water)

Jack-Up

Rig

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Jack- up Rig
Move rig to location Jack-down the legs Jack-up the hull Start Drilling

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Off-shore Semi Submersible / Platform

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Off-shore (Deep Water) Semi Submersible Rig

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Off-shore (Deep Water) Semi Submersible Rig

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Off-shore (Deep-Water) DrillShip

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Drilling Process

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Drilling

Surface Hole

Drilling out surface hole with 17-1/2 bit The mud brings the cutting up to surface

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Run & Casing

Cement Surface
Pulling Out Of Hole (POOH) the Drilling Assembly Running - In Hole (RIH) the Surface Casing ( 13-3/8) Pumping Cement Displacing Cement with Mud Waiting On Cement (WOC) to dry SURFACE CASING (13-3/8)

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Drilling

Intermediate Hole

SURFACE CASING (13-3/8) Drilling out cement and casing shoe with 12-1/4 bit Drilling out intermediate hole The mud bring the cutting up to surface

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Run & Cement Intermediate Casing

SURFACE CASING (13-3/8) Pulling Out Of Hole (POOH) the Drilling Assembly Running - In Hole (RIH) the Intermediate Casing ( 9-5/8) Pumping Cement Displacing Cement with Mud Waiting On Cement (WOC) to dry INTERMEDIATE CASING (9-5/8)

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Drilling

Production Hole
SURFACE CASING (13-3/8) INTERMEDIATE CASING (9-5/8) Drilling out cement and casing shoe with 8-1/2 bit Drilling out production hole The mud brings the cutting up to surface

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Logging

in Production Hole
SURFACE CASING (13-3/8) INTERMEDIATE CASING (9-5/8) Pulling Out Of Hole (POOH) the Drilling Assembly Running-In Logging Tools Logging-up the formation

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Run & Casing

Cement Production
SURFACE CASING (13-3/8) INTERMEDIATE CASING (9-5/8) Pulling Out Of Hole (POOH) the Drilling Assembly Running - In Hole (RIH) the Production Casing ( 7) Pumping Cement Displacing Cement with Mud Waiting On Cement (WOC) to dry PRODUCTION CASING (7)

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Well Construction

SURFACE CASING (13-3/8)

INTERMEDIATE CASING (9-5/8)

PRODUCTION CASING (7)

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What Next ?
Well Construction Drilling (making hole) Cementing Well Completion (preparing & installing production equipment to produce oil/gas)

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Completion (completing OIL $$ the well)

Running in Completion Assembly Displacing mud to Completion Fluids (brine) Set the Packer to isolate & divert the oil flow into production tubing Perforate the casing ( to let the oil in to the wellbore ) Oil flows into the wellbore Producing Oil
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SURFACE CASING

INTERMEDIATE CASING

PRODUCTION CASING

Drilling Fluids

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What is mud

LIQUID
WATER OIL

SOLIDS
BENTONITE/GEL BARITE CHEMICALS SALT DRILL SOLIDS

MUD
WATER-BASE MUD OIL-BASE MUD

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What is mud

LIQUID PRODUCTS
WATER OIL

SOLIDS PRODUCTS
BENTONITE/GEL BARITE CHEMICALS SALT DRILL SOLIDS

MUD MUD SYSTEM

WATER-BASE MUD OIL-BASE MUD

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Mud Component
1. Base fluids 2. pH Control 3. Viscosifier 4. Filtration Control 5. Weighting agent 6. Additional product :
Shale Control Additive Corrosion Inhibitor Lubricants Dispersants
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How to mix mud

Base Fluids
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How to mix mud (on the rig site)

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How to mix mud (on the rig MUD site) FROM

TANK CHEMICALS

MUD + CHEMICALS BACK IN TO TANK

MIXING CHEMICALS THROUGH HOPER AT RIG SITE SCOMI OILTOOLS

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Scomi Oiltools Products

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MUD PUMP

Where is the mud in Drilling Operation

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TO SHALE SHAKER

FROM MUD TANK

Down-hole mud circulation

BACK TO MUD TANK

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What does the mud do ?

TO CLEAN THE HOLE How? By brings the drill cutting up to surface How can the mud bring the cutting? Mud Viscosity

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What if failed?
Drill cuttings slipped to bottom Drill cuttings filled up the annulus and bottom of the hole Drill pipes get STUCK !!

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What does the mud do ?

TO CONTROL FORMATION PRESSURE How? By provides Hydrostatic Pressure of the fluids column How can the mud give Hydrostatic Pressure Mud Weight
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What if failed ?

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What does the mud do ?

Form mud cake as a thin wall to protect formation from mud filtrate invasion Potassium ion to stabilize the clay PHPA encapsulates drill cutting to protect it from mud filtrate invasion formation
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K+

K+

wellbore

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What should it do with drill cutting To be separated out from

the mud How? Using Solid Control Equipments What equipment? Screen Hydroclones Centrifuge
Mud + Drill cutting from hole screen

Solids to discard

Clean mud to be recycle

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What should it do with drill cutting

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Solid Control Equipments

SHALE SHAKER DESANDER

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DESILTER

CENTRIFUGE

Where do they put the Solid Control Equipments on a Rig ?

ON TOP OF THE MUD TANKS Just before the mud coming out from down hole returns to the mud tanks

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Where do they put the Solid Control Equipments on the Rig ?

DESILTER CENTRIFUGE

DESANDER

SHALE SHAKER

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Where do they put the Solid Control Equipments on the Rig ?

FROM WELLBORE MUD TREATMENT (ADD CHEMICALS)
CENTRIFUGE MIXING HOPER DESILTER DESANDER SHALE SHAKER

OVERFLOW

TANK # 6 SUCTION TANK

UNDERFLOW

TANK # 5 CENTRIFUGE TANK

TANK # 4 DESILTER TANK

UNDERFLOW UNDERFLOW

TANK # 3 DESANDER TANK

TANK # 2 SETTLING TANK

UNDERFLOW

TANK # 1 SAND TRAP TANK

IN TO WELLBORE

MUD PUMP
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Drilling Team
PETRONAS OPERATOR CARIGALI

DRILLING SCOMI OILTOOLS FLUIDS SOLID CONTROL SCOMI OILTOOLS MUD LOGGING GEOSERVICES CEMENTING BJ

DRILLING CONTRACTOR TRANSOCEAN CASING WEATHERFORD WELLHEAD CAMERON OTHER SUPPORT

MEASURE WHILE DRILLING SCHLUMBERGER

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING HALLIBURTON WIRELINE BAKER ATLAS LOGGING TUBULAR BAKER OILTOOLS

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