Learning theories

By Mary, Andy and Irene

There are three key learning theories that underpin pedagogical philosophies. In this document I will briefly outline these three theories and discuss how we based our lessons on the learning theory we valued most. Constructivism: Constructivism views learning as an active experience. Learning is a process of constructing knowledge rather than simply acquiring it. Knowledge is constructed through personal experiences. Each individual has a unique understanding of the construction of knowledge process. Learners past experiences and cultural factors impact their learning. Behaviourism: Behaviourism is a more passive approach to learning as it states learners essentially just responds to environmental stimuli. Behavior is shaped through positive or negative reinforcement. Therefore, learning is determined by a change in behavior in the learner. Cognitivism: Cognitivism places an emphasis on inner mental activities such as thinking, memory, knowing and problem-solving. The human mind is valuable and necessary for understanding how people learn. Knowledge is viewed as symbolic mental constructions and learning takes place when a change in a learners schemata occurs. The teams view: The learning theory that is most similar to our own pedagogical beliefs in regards to learning is constructivism. This theory posits that learners play an active part in the learning process. Learners do not simply absorb information but construct personal and meaningful understandings by relating new concepts to prior knowledge. Constructivism views learning as an active experience and effectively considers a learners personal experiences and cultural factors which shapes their learning experience.

Learning is: Active: manipulation of information and observation of results will stimulate greater understanding Constructive: When experiences are integrated with prior knowledge and reflected upon, this helps to build new mental models and create new meanings. Authentic: Learning that are situated in a real world context will be more effective and better transferred to other situations. Cooperative: Learning is a natural social act. In interacting with others, knowledge is given greater meaning and depth. Intentional: Affording learners the opportunity to articulate their goals is essential for meaningful learning. It promotes learner control.

How our pedagogical beliefs are reflected in our lesson plans: Traditionally the incorporation of ICT within a classroom is often associated with constructivism. The theme for our four week lesson plan we have developed focuses on the genre of dystopian novels. Through the use of ICT we want to make our students learning experience active, constructive, authentic, co-operative and intentional. We will provide opportunities to learn about the history and politics of dystopian novels, the main character struggle and the ambiguous endings of dystopian text. Throughout the four weeks, students can apply the information presented to them by forming their own dystopian text using the Book Creator App on the I-pads. This activity will provide opportunities for students to critically and creatively engage with the topic.