QUARTERLY REPORT OF THE

SRI LANKA LABOUR FORCE SURVEY

Quarterly Report 2013 Second Quarter

DEPARTMENT OF CENSUS & STATISTICS MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND PLANNING

ISBN 978 956 577 855 - 8

Preface

In the past, information on labour force characteristics, employment and unemployment etc. were collected through labour force and socio - economic surveys conducted at five yearly time intervals. However, the employment and unemployment data are required at very short intervals to monitor the programs made in the employment generating policies of the government. Therefore, to satisfy this need, the Department of Census and Statistics (DCS) designed a labour force survey on a quarterly basis, to measure the levels and trends of employment, unemployment and labour force in Sri Lanka on a continuous basis. This survey was commenced from the first quarter of 1990 and this report is the eighty seventh in the series of quarterly reports published so far. Current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the beginning of the survey in 1990. However, some changes were made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. The significant revisions were made on the labour force survey questionnaire in 1996, 2006 and the latest revision is in 2013. The revised version is introduced for the survey conducted in 2013 second quarter, and this report consists with statistics using new concepts. The field work of the survey for the first quarter 2013 was done in April, May and June in year 2013. This survey covered the whole country. A nationally representative annual sample of about 25,000 housing units have been selected for the survey in 2013. This report is based on a quarterly sample of 6,250 housing units.

D.C.A. Gunawardena Director General of Census & Statistics Department of Census & Statistics, 109, Rotunda Tower, Galle Road. Colombo 03. 05.12.2013.

ii

Acknowledgements
This report is eighty eighth in the series of the Quarterly Labour Force Survey which was commenced from the first quarter 1990 and is being continued by the Department of the Census and statistics. Planning and execution of the survey was done by staff of the Sample Survey Division under the direction of Mr. W.W.M.A.S. Premakumara, Additional Director General, Sample Surveys Division. The Field operation activities were organized by Mr. D.C.A.Fernando, Statistician of the Sample Surveys Division. The supervision activities were carried out by Mr. P.A.Subawickrama, Mr. D.C.A.Fernando, Mrs. W.A.C.Wijebandara, Mrs. M.D.D.D.Deepawansa, Mr. H.T.Fonseka Mr.U.B.Saputhanthiri, Mr. S.M.M. Badurdeen, Statisticians & Mr.J.S.N.P.Dharmawardana, Miss.C.Jayawickrama, Senior Statisticians, of the sample surveys division and Heads of statistics divisions in each district. The computer data processing and final tabulations were done by Mrs. W.A.S.M.P. Gunasekara, Mr.T. Thirugnanatheepan Statistical Officers and Mrs. A.N. Ekanayake and Mr. M.B.M. Shiras, Statistical Assistants of the Sample Surveys Division, under the supervision of Mr. P.A. Subawickrama, Statistician using Microcomputers. The statistical officers, statistical assistants, Information and Communication Technology assistants, Data Entry Officer/Coding clerks and development officers (iii), of the sample survey division are acknowledged for their valuable contribution during the whole survey process. Developing of sample selection programme and its related computer software was done by Mr. K.M.R. Wickramasinghe, AD(ICT) of the sample survey division. MR. J.S.N.P.Dharmawardana, Senior Statistician, Sample Surveys Division prepared the Quarterly Bulletin of the survey. This publication was organized and prepared by Mrs. W.A.C. Wijebandara, Statistician and, Sample Surveys Division, assisted by Mrs. W.A.S.M.P. Gunasekara, Statistical officer. The Information & Communication Technology Division, under the direction of Mr. S.A.S. Bandulasena, Director (Data Processing) and under the supervision of Mr. P.M.R.Fernando, Deputy Director (ICT) and Mr. W.H.P.N. Weerasiri, Sri Lanka Information and Communication Technology Service I/II , was responsible for the survey data entry and preparation of data entry and computer edits programmes. Data entry was decentralized and manual editing, coding & data entry were done by responsible officers at district office kachcheries in all districts. District field staff of the Department who worked on the survey deserves a special word of thanks. They include District Deputy Directors/ Senior Statisticians/ Statisticians for supervision and field Statistical Officers, who worked hard at the data collection stage, to make this survey a success. Printing of the report was done at the staff of Printing Division, under the supervision of Mr. W.C. Weerawansha, Senior Statistician. Finally, I wish to express my appreciation to all the respondents of the survey for their valuable cooperation.

iii

Sri Lanka Labour Force Survey Summary Statistics on Labour Force Characteristics 2013 2nd Quarter (All Island)

15 years & over population Total Population (15 years & over) Labour force in this age group Labour force participation rate Employed population Employment rate Unemployed population Unemployment rate Not in labour force 16,357,652 8,866,395 54.2 8,475,419 95.6 390,975 4.4 7,491,257 Male 7,643,197 5,767,225 75.5 5,589,387 96.9 177,838 3.1 1,875,972 Female 8,714,455 3,099,170 35.6 2,886,033 93.1 213,137 6.9 5,615,285 Urban 2,752,239 1,348,013 49.0 1,276,194 94.7 71,819 5.3 1,404,227 Rural 13,605,412 7,518,382 55.3 7,199,226 95.8 319,156 4.2 6,087,031

20 years & over population Total Population (20 years & over) Labour force in this age group Labour force participation rate Employed population Employment rate Unemployed population Unemployment rate Not in labour force 14,634,418 8,567,225 58.5 8,237,529 96.2 329,695 3.8 6,067,193 Male 6,786,285 5,584,525 82.3 5,435,446 97.3 149,079 2.7 1,201,760 Female 7,848,133 2,982,700 38.0 2,802,084 93.9 180,616 6.1 4,865,433 Urban 2,511,273 1,309,597 52.1 1,251,708 95.6 57,889 4.4 1,201,676 Rural 12,123,145 7,257,627 59.9 6,985,821 96.3 271,806 3.7 4,865,517

Selected Labour Force Indicators

Indicator
2008* 2009* 2010* 2011*

Year
2012* 2011** 2012** 2013Q1** 2013Q2**

Labour force participation rate By Gender

Total Male Female By residential sector Total Urban Rural Unemployment Rate By Gender Total Male Female By selected age Group (Year) 20 29 20 24 25 29
13.7 18.1 9.5 15.4 21.4 10.3 13.8 19.1 9.2 12.4 18.0 7.5 11.1 16.7 6.5 12.3 17.7 7.6 11.3 16.8 6.6 13.6 20.7 7.5
12.6 19.9 6.4

55.1 76.1 36.6

54.1 74.7 36.2

53.4 75.0 34.4

53.4 74.2 35.0

53.0 75.2 33.5

53.0 74.0 34.4

52.6 75.0 32.9

54.2 75.1 36.2

54.2 75.5 35.6

55.1 50.8 55.7

54.1 48.4 54.9

53.4 46.8 54.4

53.4 48.5 54.2

53.0 48.7 53.9

53.0 47.8 53.8

52.6 48.4 53.5

54.2 47.9 55.6

54.2 49.0 55.3

5.4 3.7 8.4

5.9 4.3 8.6

4.9 3.5 7.7

4.2 2.7 6.8

3.9 2.9 6.0

4.2 2.7 7.0

4.0 2.8 6.2

4.6 3.3 7.0

4.4 3.1 6.9

By selected educational level A/L & above Total Male Female Employed population By Gender Total Male Female
7,628,683 5,018,954 2,609,729 7,579,835 4,949,825 2,630,010 7,696,142 5,125,763 2,570,379 7,883,817 5,219,712 2,664,105 7,791,831 5,224,743 2,567,089 8,186,305 5,452,723 2,733,582 8,118,362 5,469,759 2,648,603 8,451,187 5,494,375 2,956,812 8,475,419 5,589,387 2,886,033

10.5 6.0 15.3

11.2 7.0 15.5

11.6 7.8 15.8

9.0 5.4 13.1

7.3 4.3 10.5

9.0 5.4 13.1

7.5 4.5 10.8

9.2 6.1 12.5

10.2 6.8 14.0

By industry (Percentage) Total % Agriculture % Industry % Services %

7,628,683 100.0 2,474,446 32.4 2,002,805 26.3 3,151,432 41.3 7,579,835 100.0 2,459,824 32.5 1,904,722 25.1 3,215,289 42.4 7,696,142 100.0 2,512,546 32.6 1,864,538 24.2 3,319,059 43.1 7,883,817 100.0 2,593,048 32.9 1,914,671 24.3 3,376,099 42.8 7,791,831 100.0 2,412,066 31.0 2,042,262 26.2 3,337,503 42.8 8,186,305 100.0 2,699,244 33.0 1,976,711 24.1 3,510,350 42.9 8,118,362 100.0 2,513,673 31.0 2,117,286 26.1 3,487,403 43.0 8,451,187 100.0 2,384,795 28.2 2,273,387 26.9 3,793,005 44.9
8,475,419 100.0 2,668,059 31.5 2,217,693 26.2 3,589,668 42.4

By no. of hours worked per week (percentage) Total 0# 19 10 39 40 & above

100.0 7.2 2.1 28.9 61.8 100.0 7.9 2.2 28.8 61.2 100.0 6.0 1.7 28.4 63.9 100.0 5.3 1.8 29.7 63.2 100.0 4.6 1.2 25.6 68.6 100.0 5.2 1.7 29.9 63.1 100.0 4.5 1.2 26.0 68.3 100.0 3.1 1.8 27.2 67.9
100.0 8.4 2.0 29.1 60.5

# has a job but not at work during the reference week * Excluding Northern Province **Whole island covered

CONTENTS
WORKING AGE POPULATION EMPLOYED POPULATION UNEMPLOYED POPULATION TABLES Table No. 1. 1A. 1B. 2. 2A. 2B. 3. 3A. 3B. 4. 4A. 4B. 5. 5A. 5B. 6. 6A. 6B. 6C. 6D. 7. 7A. 7B. 8. Historical table of Labour Force Status (current) of the Household Population, 10 years of Age and over - Both Sexes Historical table of Labour Force Status (current) of the Household Population, 10 years of Age and over Male Historical table of Labour Force Status (current) of the Household Population, 10 years of Age and over Female Labour Force Status (current) of the Household Population 10 years of Age and over, by Age - Both Sexes Labour Force Status (current) of the Household Population 10 years of Age and over, by Age Male Labour Force Status (current) of the Household Population 10 years of Age and over, by Age Female Historical table of Currently Employed persons by Age Groups (percentage) - Both Sexes Historical table of Currently Employed persons by Age Groups (percentage) Male Historical table of Currently Employed persons by Age Groups (percentage) Female Historical table of Currently Employed persons by Level of Education (percentage) - Both Sexes Historical table of Currently Employed persons by Level of Education (percentage) Male Historical table of Currently Employed persons by Level of Education (percentage) Female Historical table of Currently Employed persons by Employment Status (percentage) - Both Sexes Historical table of Currently Employed persons by Employment Status (percentage) Male Historical table of Currently Employed persons by Employment Status (percentage) Female Currently employed persons by Industry group (Based on ISIC Rev.4) Both sexes Currently employed persons by Industry group (Based on ISIC Rev.4) Male Currently employed persons by Industry group (Based on ISIC Rev.4) Female Historical table of currently employed population by major industry group - Both sexes Historical table of currently employed population by major industry group (percentage) - Both sexes Currently employed persons by Occupation group (Based on ISCO 08) - Both sexes Currently employed persons by Occupation group (Based on ISCO 08) Male Currently employed persons by Occupation group (Based on ISCO 08) Female Currently Employed persons by hours per week actually worked at the main job and Major Industrial group (percentage) - Both Sexes Historical table of Currently Unemployed persons by Age Groups (percentage) - Both Sexes Historical table of Currently Unemployed persons by Age Groups (percentage) Male Historical table of Currently Unemployed persons by Age Groups (percentage) Female Historical table of Currently Unemployed persons by Level of Education (percentage) - Both Sexes Historical table of Currently Unemployed persons by Level of Education (percentage) Male Historical table of Currently Unemployed persons by Level of Education (percentage) Female Currently Unemployed Persons by Sex and Duration of Unemployment Standard error and coefficient of variation of selected variables Appendix 1: Explanatory Notes Appendix 2: Alternative estimates of employment, unemployment and labour force characteristics Appendix 3: Survey schedule

Page No.
1 2 3

4 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 14

15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19

9. 9A. 9B. 10. 10A. 10B. 11. 12.

vii

Introduction
Sri Lanka Labour Force Survey (LFS) is designed to measure the levels and trends of employment, unemployment and labour force in Sri Lanka. LFS is being conducted quarterly, since the first quarter of 1990. The field work of the survey for the second quarter of 2013 was done in April, May and June covering the whole island

Labour Force ...

Highlights
Labour force participation rate is 54.2% for the second three month of 2013 Most of the employees have recorded from non-agriculture sector. Unemployment rate for the survey period is 4.4%.

(Economically Active Population)

Number of persons (age 15 & above) who were employed or unemployed during the reference week

Labour force participation rate (LFPR) ...

Labour force expressed as a percentage of population age 15 year and over

Labour Force ...

According to the table 1, the estiSector Total Sri Lanka
8,866,395 1,348,013 7,146,422 371,959

Economically active population %

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

mated economically active popu%

35.0 28.9 35.5 45.7

Male
5,767,225 958,943 4,606,168 202,114

%
65.0 71.1 64.5 54.3

Female
3,099,170 389,070 2,540,255 169,845

lation was about 8.87 million in the Second Quarter 2013. Of which 65.0 percent were males and 35.0 percent were females. Out of the economically inactive population 25.0 percent were males and 75.0 percent were females (Table 2) .

Inside
Labour Force 1

Urban Rural Estate

Table 1 : Economically active population by gender - Second quarter 2013

Employment Unemployment Selected Labour Force Indicators 2

Sector
3 4

Economically inactive population Total

7,491,257 1,404,227 5,873,755 213,276

%
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Male
1,875,972 369,662 1,439,997 66,314

%
25.0 26.3 24.5 31.1

Female
5,615,285 1,034,565 4,433,758 146,962

%
75.0 73.7 75.5 68.9 Age group Total 54.2 17.4 55.8 66.0 67.3 70.9 70.1 70.2 68.9 59.1 29.7 Male 75.5 21.3 73.8 94.0 94.8 97.8 96.6 92.9 92.8 82.9 48.6 Fe35.6 13.4 40.8 40.5 42.6 48.4 46.5 50.4 48.6 37.5 14.1

Sri Lanka Urban Rural Estate

Sri Lanka
15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60+

Table 2 : Economically inactive population by gender - Second quarter 2013

75% 65%
Year 2008 Total 55.1 54.1 53.4 53.4 53.0 54.6 54.7 Male 76.1 74.7 75.0 74.2 75.2 75.0 75.6 Female 36.6 36.2 34.4 35.0 33.5 37.0 36.3

Referring the table 3, It is important to note that, male participation to the labour force was almost twice as that of females. Table4 : LFPR by age group and gender -Second quarter 2013

35% 25%

2009 2010 2011 2012

Male

Female

Economically Active Economically Inactive

2013 Q1 2013 Q2

Considering the table 4, the distribution of LFPR by age group and by gender depicts more male participation compared to female in all age groups. Highest rate for male was reported from age group 35-39 years, while that of females was reported from the age group of 45 49 years.

Figure 1 : Distribution of Economically active/Inactive populationSecond quarter 2013

Table 3 : LFPR by gender and year (Excluding Northern province.) Table 3 provides the information on LFPRs since year 2008.

Employed ...
During the reference period, persons, who worked as paid employees, employers, own account workers (self employed), or contributing family workers are said to be employed. This includes persons

Employment ...
Major Industry Group Quarter
April-May-June 2012 Q2 July-Aug-Sept. 2012 Q3 Oct-Nov-Dec 2012 Q4 Jan-Feb-Mar 2013Q1 April-May-June

Sri Lanka
Agriculture 7,930,276 100.0 8,059,734 100.0 8,365,075 100.0 8,451,187 100.0 8,475,419 100.0 2,404,878 30.3 2,518,089 31.2 2,730,254 32.6 2,384,795 28.2 2,668,059 31.5 Industries 2,134,556 26.9 2,077,029 25.8 2,194,865 26.2 2,273,387 26.9 2,217,693 26.2 Services 3,390,842 42.8 3,464,615 43 3,439,957 41.1 3,793,005 44.9 3,589,668 42.4

Agriculture 1. Agriculture Foresty and Fishery (A) Industries 1. Minning & Quarrying (B) 2. Manufacturing (C) 3. Construction, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (D, E,F) Services 1. Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles(G) 2. Transportation and storage (H) 3. Accommodation and food services activities (I) 4. Information and communication (J) 5. Financial and insurance activities (K) 6. Professional, scientific and technical activities (M) 7. Administrative and support service activities (N) 8. Public administration and defence compulsory social security (O) 9. Education (P) 10. Human health and social work activities (Q) 11. Other service activities (S) 12. Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods and services - producing activities of households for own use (U) 13. Real estate activities (L) Arts, entertainment and recreation ( R) Activities of extra territorial organizations & bodies (U)

with a job but not at work during the reference period

Reference Period : Previous week of the survey week

2013Q2

Table 5 : Distribution of Employed population by main industry

(Second quarter 2012 Second quarter 2013)

Table 5 shows the percentage distribution of employed population by main industry from second quarter 2012 to second quarter 2013. The total number of employed persons in Sri
C o nt ribut ing F a m ily Wo rk e r O wn A c c . Wo rk e r

Lanka was estimated as about 8.5 million in second quarter 2013. Of which, about 42.4 percent engaged in services sector, 31.5 percent in agriculture sector, and 26.2 percent in Industries sector. Sector Agriculture No.
Sri Lanka 8,475,419 8475419 4,555,608 4555608 1,110,959 1110959 3,444,648 3444648 267,148 267148 2,800,972 2800972 851,691 851691

E m plo ye r

P riv a t e E m plo ye e P ublic E m plo ye e

Employment Status

Sri Lanka %
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

According to the table 6, more employers were in no n-agricult ure sector But than in agriculture sector. contributing workers family No. %
68.5 81.6 87.1 79.8 88.3 55.7 34.7

Non-Agriculture

No.
2,668,059 2668059 839,521 839521 143,009 143009 696,511 696511 31,132 31132 1,241,372 1241372 556,034 556034

%
31.5 18.4 12.9 20.2 11.7 44.3 65.3

5,807,360 5807360 3,716,087 3716087 967,950 967950 2,748,137 2748137 236,016 236016 1,559,600 1559600 295,657 295657

Employee Public

E m plo ye e

Private Employer

were highly concentrated in agriculture sector.

S ri La nk a

Own Account Worker

0%

50%

100%

Contributing Family Worker

Agriculture Non-Agriculture

Table 6 : Percentage distribution of employed population by employment status and Agriculture/ Non- Agriculture sector Second Quarter 2013 Table 7 depicts the percentage distribution of male and female employed population by main industries. Regardless of the gender, highest employment concentrated in service sector. Further among employed women about 35.3 percent was in agriculture sector while this share was 29.5 percent among males. Major Industry Group
Sri Lanka Agriculture Industry Services

Figure 2 : Distribution of Economically active/Inactive populationSecond Quarter 2013 Figure 2 shows that, comparatively higher percentage of employees both in private & public sector engage in non-agricultural activities.

Gender Sri Lanka

100.0 31.5 26.2 42.4

Male
100.0 29.5 26.7 43.8

Female
100.0 35.3 25.1 39.5

Table 7 : Distribution of Employed population by main industry & sex second quarter 2013

Unemployment ...
The number of unem-

Unemployed ...
Persons available and/or looking for work, and who did not work and taken steps to find a job during last four weeks and ready to accept a job given a work opportunity within next two weeks are said to be unemployed.

Unemployment Rate (%)

6 5 4 3.9 3 2 1 0 2012Q2 4.1 3.9 4.6 4.4

ployed

persons as

was about

estimated

390,975 during the Second quarter 2013. The unemployment rate for the Second quarter 2013 was reported as 4.4 percent.

2012Q3

2012Q4

2013Q1

2013Q2

Time Period
95% confi da nce i nterva l
Point estimete of unemployment rate

According to the figure 3, it is very important to note that, when sampling error1 was considered there were no statistically significant drops of unemploy-

Unemployment Rate ...

The number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force.

Figure 3 : Unemployment rates and its 95% confidence intervals (2012 Q2 - 2013 Q2)
1

Sampling error : When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population values they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.

ment rates reported in different time periods starting from second quarter 2012 to second quarter 2013.

For more details, please refer the explanatory note on the labour force link in the DCS website.

Age group (Years) Sri Lanka 1524 2529 Over 30

Gender Sri Lanka Male

4.4 20.1 6.4 1.5 3.1 15.0 4.2 1.1

As can be seen from table 8, overall unemployment rate reported for female was 6.9 percent and it was 3.1 percent for male. Youth unemployment rate 15 24 years reported for second quarter 2013 was 20.1 percent and that reported the highest unemployment rate among age groups. Those rates for both males and females were 15.0 and 27.8 percent respectively.
Figure 3 : Unemployment rate by age group second quarter 2013

Female
6.9 27.8 10.8 2.4

Table 8: Unemployment rate by age group and gender Second quarter 2013 than that of males, in all age groups.

Further the survey results revealed that the unemployment was severe among females

The highest unemployment rate was reported from the G.C.E(A/L) and above group which was about 10.2 percent. These were 6.8 percent and 14.0 percent for males and females respectively.

Level of Education Sri Lanka Below GCE O/L GCE O/L GCE A/L & above

Unemployment Rate (%) Sri Lanka

4.4 2.6 5.4 10.2

GCE A/L & above

Male
3.1 2.2 3.9 6.8

Female
6.9 3.7 8.3 14.0

GCE O/L

Below GCE O/L

Sri Lanka

12

15

Table 9 : Unemployment rate by level of education second quarter 2013 This shows that the problem of unemployment is more acute in the case of educated females than educated males .

Unemplo yment Rate (%)

Sri Lanka

Male

Female

Figure 4 : Unemployment rate by level of education second quarter 2013

TABLE 1 - HISTORICAL TABLE OF LABOUR FORCE STATUS (CURRENT) OF THE HOUSEHOLD POPULATION, 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER - BOTH SEXES NATIONAL LEVEL DATA LABOUR FORCE HOUSEHOLD YEAR POPULATION (15 YEARS & OVER) TOTAL LABOUR FORCE LABOUR FORCE PARTICI: RATE(%) 2006 1 2007 1 2008 2 2009 2 2010 2 2011 3 2012 3 2013Q1 3 2013Q2 3
1 2

NOT IN LABOUR UNEMPLOYED NUMBER RATE (% TO TOTAL LABOUR FORCE) FORCE NUMBER

EMPLOYED NUMBER RATE (% TO TOTAL LABOUR FORCE)

13,261,409 13,459,252 14,626,833 14,876,264 15,166,285 16,122,111 16,081,285 16,356,181 16,357,652

7,576,415 7,472,932 8,061,725 8,051,089 8,096,477 8,543,776 8,454,364 8,861,919 8,866,395

57.1 55.5 55.1 54.1 53.4 53.0 52.6 54.2 54.2

7,084,346 7,026,733 7,628,683 7,579,835 7,696,142 8,186,305 8,118,362 8,451,187 8,475,419

3

93.5 94.0 94.6 94.1 95.1 95.8 96.0 95.4 95.6

492,069 446,199 433,042 471,254 400,335 357,471 336,002 410,733 390,975

6.5 6.0 5.4 5.9 4.9 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.4

5,684,994 5,986,320 6,565,107 6,825,175 7,069,808 7,578,335 7,626,921 7,494,262 7,491,257

- Excluding Northern & Eastern provinces - Including Eastern province but Excluding Northern province

- All the districts are included

TABLE 1A - HISTORICAL TABLE OF LABOUR FORCE STATUS (CURRENT) OF THE HOUSEHOLD POPULATION, 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER - MALE HOUSEHOLD POPULATION YEAR (15 YEARS & OVER)
1

LABOUR FORCE TOTAL LABOUR FORCE LABOUR FORCE PARTICI: RATE(%) EMPLOYED NUMBER RATE (% TO TOTAL LABOUR FORCE) 4,596,634 4,643,931 5,018,954 4,949,825 5,125,763 5,452,723 5,469,759 5,494,375 5,589,387 95.3 95.7 96.3 95.7 96.5 97.3 97.2 96.7 96.9 225,570 209,627 193,978 223,281 185,108 152,723 159,858 188,693 177,838 UNEMPLOYED NUMBER RATE (% TO TOTAL LABOUR FORCE) 4.7 4.3 3.7 4.3 3.5 2.7 2.8 3.3 3.1

NOT IN LABOUR FORCE NUMBER

2006

6,287,747 6,372,572 6,848,600 6,925,821 7,078,246 7,570,144 7,508,356 7,571,662 7,643,197

4,822,204 4,853,559 5,212,933 5,173,106 5,310,872 5,605,446 5,629,617 5,683,067 5,767,225

76.7 76.2 76.1 74.7 75.0 74.0 75.0 75.1 75.5

1,465,543 1,519,013 1,635,668 1,752,715 1,767,374 1,964,698 1,878,740 1,888,595 1,875,972

2007 1 2008 2 2009

2

2010 2 2011 3 2012

3

2013Q1 3 2013Q2 3

TABLE 1B - HISTORICAL TABLE OF LABOUR FORCE STATUS (CURRENT) OF THE HOUSEHOLD POPULATION, 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER - FEMALE HOUSEHOLD POPULATION YEAR (15 YEARS & OVER) TOTAL LABOUR FORCE LABOUR FORCE PARTICI: RATE(%) 2006 1 2007 1 2008
2

LABOUR FORCE EMPLOYED NUMBER RATE (% TO TOTAL LABOUR FORCE) 2,487,711 2,382,801 2,609,729 2,630,010 2,570,379 2,733,582 2,648,603 2,956,812 2,886,033
3

NOT IN UNEMPLOYED NUMBER RATE (% TO TOTAL LABOUR FORCE) 266,499 236,572 239,064 247,973 215,226 204,748 176,144 222,040 213,137 9.7 9.0 8.4 8.6 7.7 7.0 6.2 7.0 6.9 4,219,451 4,467,307 4,929,440 5,072,460 5,302,434 5,613,637 5,748,181 5,605,667 5,615,285 LABOUR FORCE NUMBER

6,973,662 7,086,680 7,778,232 7,950,443 8,088,039 8,551,967 8,572,929 8,784,520 8,714,455

2,754,211 2,619,373 2,848,793 2,877,983 2,785,605 2,938,329 2,824,747 3,178,852 3,099,170

39.5 37.0 36.6 36.2 34.4 34.4 32.9 36.2 35.6

90.3 91.0 91.6 91.4 92.3 93.0 93.8 93.0 93.1

2009 2 2010 2 2011

3

2012 3 2013Q1 3 2013Q2

1 2

- Excluding Northern & Eastern provinces - Including Eastern province but Excluding Northern province

- All the districts are included

TABLE 2 - LABOUR FORCE STATUS (CURRENT) OF THE HOUSEHOLD POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ,BY AGE - BOTH SEXES

AGE

HOUSEHOLD POP: (15 YEARS & OVER)

TOTAL LABOUR FORCE

LABOUR FORCE PARTICI: RATE(%) 54.2

(2013 2nd Quarter) NOT IN LABOUR FORCE LABOUR EMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED FORCE NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE NUMBER (% TO TOTAL (% TO TOTAL LABOUR FORCE) LABOUR FORCE) 8,475,419 95.6 390,975 4.4 7,491,257

ALL AGES

16,357,652

8,866,395

15 - 19 YRS 20 - 24 YRS 25 - 29 YRS 30 - 39 YRS 40 + YRS

1,723,234 1,484,795 1,467,380 3,176,026 8,506,217

299,170 828,956 968,747 2,191,864 4,577,658

17.4 55.8 66.0 69.0 53.8

237,890 663,755 907,144 2,126,173 4,540,457

79.5 80.1 93.6 97.0 99.2

61,280 165,201 61,602 65,691 37,201

20.5 19.9 6.4 3.0 0.8

1,424,065 655,839 498,633 984,161 3,928,560

TABLE 2A - LABOUR FORCE STATUS (CURRENT) OF THE HOUSEHOLD POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ,BY AGE - MALE

AGE

HOUSEHOLD POP: (10 YEARS & OVER) 7,643,197 856,912 677,847 700,231 1,474,338 3,933,869

TOTAL LABOUR FORCE 5,767,225 182,700 500,092 658,240 1,418,565 3,007,628

LABOUR FORCE PARTICI: RATE(%) 75.5 21.3 73.8 94.0 96.2 76.5

(2013 2nd Quarter) NOT IN LABOUR FORCE LABOUR EMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED FORCE NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE NUMBER (% TO TOTAL (% TO TOTAL LABOUR FORCE) LABOUR FORCE) 5,589,387 153,941 426,342 630,312 1,390,797 2,987,995 96.9 84.3 85.3 95.8 98.0 99.3 177,838 28,759 73,750 27,928 27,768 19,633 3.1 15.7 14.7 4.2 2.0 0.7 1,875,972 674,212 177,755 41,991 55,772 926,241

ALL AGES 15 - 19 YRS 20 - 24 YRS 25 - 29 YRS 30 - 39 YRS 40 + YRS

TABLE 2B - LABOUR FORCE STATUS (CURRENT) OF THE HOUSEHOLD POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ,BY AGE - FEMALE

AGE

HOUSEHOLD POP: (10 YEARS & OVER)

TOTAL LABOUR FORCE

LABOUR FORCE PARTICI: RATE(%) 35.6 13.4 40.8 40.5 45.4 34.3

(2013 2nd Quarter) NOT IN LABOUR FORCE LABOUR EMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED FORCE NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE NUMBER (% TO TOTAL (% TO TOTAL LABOUR FORCE) LABOUR FORCE) 2,886,033 83,949 237,413 276,832 735,376 1,552,462 93.1 72.1 72.2 89.2 95.1 98.9 213,137 32,521 91,450 33,674 37,923 17,568 6.9 27.9 27.8 10.8 4.9 1.1 5,615,285 749,852 478,084 456,642 928,389 3,002,318

ALL AGES 15 - 19 YRS 20 - 24 YRS 25 - 29 YRS 30 - 39 YRS 40 + YRS

8,714,455 866,322 806,948 767,148 1,701,688 4,572,348

3,099,170 116,470 328,864 310,507 773,299 1,570,030

* Reliable estimates cannot be provided due to small cell sizes. These figures are to be treated with caution as the corresponding CV (Cofficient of variation) values are high.

TABLE 3 - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY EMPLOYED PERSONS BY AGE GROUPS (PERCENTAGE) - BOTH SEXES Year 2006 1 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012
1 2 2

All Ages 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

3 3

15 - 19 YRS 4.1 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.1 2.5 2.8 2.8

20 - 24 YRS 10.3 9.8 9.9 8.6 8.5 8.6 8.3 7.8 7.8

Age Groups 25 - 29 YRS 12.1 12.1 11.7 11.5 10.9 11.0 11.0 10.6 10.7

30 - 39 YRS 24.3 24.0 24.0 24.4 24.0 24.3 25.2 24.7 25.1

40+ YRS 49.3 50.6 51.0 52.1 53.5 53.0 53.0 54.1 53.6

2010 2
3 3

2013Q1 2013Q2

100.0 100.0

TABLE 3A - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY EMPLOYED PERSONS BY AGE GROUPS (PERCENTAGE) - MALE Year All Ages 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
3 3

15 - 19 YRS 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.2 2.7 3.1 2.8

20 - 24 YRS 10.2 9.6 9.7 8.4 8.2 8.6 8.3 7.6 7.6

25 - 29 YRS 12.3 12.7 11.9 11.8 11.3 11.3 11.2 10.8 11.3

30 - 39 YRS 24.0 23.8 24.1 24.3 24.1 24.3 25.2 25.0 24.9

40+ YRS 49.5 50.2 50.7 52.0 53.3 52.5 52.6 53.5 53.5

2006 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012

1 2 2 2

2011 3
3

2013Q1 2013Q2

100.0 100.0

TABLE 3B - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY EMPLOYED PERSONS BY AGE GROUPS (PERCENTAGE) - FEMALE Year All Ages 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
3

15 - 19 YRS 4.1 3.4 3.2 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.9

20 - 24 YRS 10.3 10.1 10.2 8.9 9.2 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.2
3

25 - 29 YRS 11.7 10.8 11.2 11.0 10.0 10.3 10.5 10.2 9.6

30 - 39 YRS 24.9 24.3 24.0 24.6 23.9 24.4 25.1 24.2 25.5

40+ YRS 49.0 51.4 51.5 52.2 54.0 54.0 53.7 55.1 53.8

2006 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012

1 2 2 2

2011 3
3

2013Q1

100.0 100.0

2013Q2
1 2

- Excluding Northern & Eastern provinces - Including Eastern province but Excluding Northern province

- All the districts are included

TABLE 4 - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY EMPLOYED PERSONS BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION (PERCENTAGE) - BOTH SEXES

Level of education Year Total Grade 5 & Below 22.2 21.1 20.8 21.1 20.2 18.8 18.5 18.1 17.8 Grades 6 - 10 46.8 47.8 47.4 47.2 48.2 48.1 47.2 47.0 49.8 GCE (O.L)/ NCGE 16.8 15.6 15.8 15.5 15.9 15.7 17.6 15.9 15.8 GCE (A.L)/ HNCE & above 14.3 15.5 15.9 16.2 15.8 17.4 16.7 19.0 16.6

2006 1 2007 1 2008 2 2009 2010

2 2

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

2011 3 2012 3 2013Q1 3 2013Q2 3

TABLE 4A - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY EMPLOYED PERSONS BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION (PERCENTAGE) - MALE

Year 2006 1 2007 2008

1 2

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
3

Grade 5 & Below 21.0 20.1 20.1 20.3 19.1 18.3 17.9 17.8 17.6

Level of education Grades GCE (O.L)/ 6 - 10 NCGE 50.3 51.2 50.6 50.7 51.6 51.0 51.1 51.1 52.9 16.6 15.6 16.1 15.7 16.2 16.1 17.8 15.5 16.0

GCE (A.L)/ HNCE & above 12.1 13.0 13.2 13.3 13.1 14.6 13.2 15.6 13.6

2009 2 2010
2

2011 3 2012
3

2013Q1 3 2013Q2

TABLE 4B - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY EMPLOYED PERSONS BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION (PERCENTAGE) - FEMALE

Year 2006 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Grade 5 & Below 24.4 23.0 22.2 22.5 22.3 19.8 19.8 18.7 18.3

Level of education Grades GCE (O.L)/ 6 - 10 NCGE 40.3 41.0 41.3 40.6 41.3 42.2 39.2 39.2 43.9
3

GCE (A.L)/ HNCE & above 18.3 20.5 21.2 21.7 21.1 23.1 23.8 25.3 22.3

17.1 15.5 15.3 15.3 15.3 15.0 17.2 16.8 15.4

2013Q1 2013Q2
1 2

- Excluding Northern & Eastern provinces - Including Eastern province but Excluding Northern province

- All the districts are included

TABLE 5 - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY EMPLOYED PERSONS BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS (PERCENTAGE) - BOTH SEXES EMPLOYEE YEAR 2006 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

TOTAL EMPLOYED 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

TOTAL 55.7 56.6 56.5 57.7 55.5 55.0 56.5 56.2 53.8

PUBLIC 13.5 13.8 15.3 15.5 14.3 14.4 15.2 15.5 13.1

PRIVATE 42.2 42.8 41.3 42.2 41.3 40.5 41.3 40.7 40.6

EMPLOYER 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.2

OWN ACCOUNT WORKER 30.9 30.4 30.3 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.9 31.2 33.0

UNPAID FAMILY WORKER 10.3 10.1 10.3 10.4 10.3 10.7 8.8 9.4 10.0

2013Q1 2013Q2

TABLE 5A - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY EMPLOYED PERSONS BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS (PERCENTAGE) - MALE EMPLOYEE OWN UNPAID YEAR TOTAL TOTAL PUBLIC PRIVATE EMPLOYER ACCOUNT FAMILY EMPLOYED WORKER WORKER 2006 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

56.1 57.3 57.6 59.2 56.2 55.8 56.6 57.9 55.0

12.3 12.1 13.7 13.7 12.8 12.7 12.8 13.7 10.9

43.8 45.2 43.9 45.5 43.4 43.1 43.8 44.2 44.2

4.4 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 4.4 4.2

35.3 34.5 34.2 33.0 36.0 36.0 35.9 34.7 37.2

4.2 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.3 3.6 3.0 3.5

2013Q1 2013Q2

TABLE 5B - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY EMPLOYED PERSONS BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS (PERCENTAGE) - FEMALE EMPLOYEE OWN UNPAID YEAR TOTAL TOTAL PUBLIC PRIVATE EMPLOYER ACCOUNT FAMILY EMPLOYED WORKER WORKER 2006 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

54.9 55.2 54.4 55.0 54.3 53.2 56.1 53.1 51.3

15.7 17.1 18.2 19.0 17.3 17.8 19.9 18.9 17.5

3

39.2 38.1 36.2 36.0 37.0 35.4 36.2 34.2 33.8

0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0

22.8 22.5 22.8 22.1 22.6 22.7 23.6 24.7 25.0

21.5 21.6 22.1 22.0 22.3 23.2 19.4 21.3 22.7

2013Q1 2013Q2
1 2

- Excluding Northern & Eastern provinces - Including Eastern province but Excluding Northern province

- All the districts are included

These figures are to be treated with caution as the corresponding CV (Cofficient of variation) values are high.

Table 6 - Currently Employed person by Industry group (Based on ISIC Fourth Revision) - both sexes
Industry Group Year 2013Q1 3 2013Q2 3 Total 8,451,187 8,475,419 1 2,384,795 2,668,059 2 91,095 124,897 3 1,562,593 1,481,903 6 619,699 610,893 7 1,179,540 1,182,254 8 538,086 529,608 9 172,303 205,370 10 60,176 63,923 11 171,119 149,866 13 78,545 73,979 14 113,199 92,527 15 680,605 535,117 16 304,780 290,140 17 135,555 134,632 19 135,519 132,309 20 181,797 140,883 Other 41,783 59,059

- All the districts are included

Note: These Industry groups are based on ISIC - Rev. 4 Other 1 Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A) 2 Minning & quarrying (B) 3 Manufacturing (C) 6 Construction, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (D, E,F) 7 Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles(G) 8 Transportation and storage (H) 9 Accommodation and food services activities (I) 10 Information and communication (J) 11 Financial and insurance activities (K) 13 Professional, scientific and technical activities (M) 14 Administrative and support service activities (N) 15 Public administration and defence compulsory social security (O) 16 Education (P) 17 Human health and social work activities (Q) 19 Other service activities (S) 20 Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods and services - producing activities of households for own use (U) Other 12 Real estate activities (L) 18 Arts, entertainment and recreation (R) 21 Activities of extra teritorial organizations & bodies (U)

Table 6A - Currently Employed person by Industry group (Based on ISIC Fourth Revision) - Male Industry Group Year 2013Q1 3 2013Q2 3 Total 5,494,375 5,589,387 1 1,443,103 1,648,760 2 85,549 105,142 3 832,273 791,286 6 602,776 595,611 7 815,614 848,894 8 510,089 496,622 9 125,664 137,380 10 48,189 45,849 11 94,623 93,209 13 48,198 47,087 14 81,373 66,670 15 440,604 336,147 16 97,611 78,087 17 52,826 61,901 19 86,219 98,629 20 94,956 90,438 Other 34,708 47,674

Table 6B - Currently Employed person by Industry group (Based on ISIC Fourth Revision) - Female Industry Group Year 2013Q1 3 2013Q2
3

Total 2,956,812 2,886,033

1 941,691 1,019,299

2 5,546 19,755

3 730,319 690,617

6 16,923 15,282

7 363,926 333,360

8 27,996 32,986

9 46,639 67,990

10 11,987 18,074

11 76,496 56,658

13 30,347 26,891

14 31,826 25,857

15 240,001 198,970

16 207,169 212,054

17 82,729 72,731

19 49,300 33,680

20 86,840 50,445

Other 7,076 11,384

Note: These Industry groups are based on ISIC - Rev. 4 These figures are to be treated with caution as the corresponding CV (Cofficient of variation) values are high. 1 Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A) 2 Minning & quarrying (B) 3 Manufacturing (C) 6 Construction, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (D, E,F) 7 Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles(G) 8 Transportation and storage (H) 9 Accommodation and food services activities (I) 10 Information and communication (J) 11 Financial and insurance activities (K) 13 Professional, scientific and technical activities (M) 14 Administrative and support service activities (N) 15 Public administration and defence compulsory social security (O) 16 Education (P) 17 Human health and social work activities (Q) 19 Other service activities (S) 20 Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods and services - producing activities of households for own use (U) Other Other 12 Real estate activities (L) 18 Arts, entertainment and recreation (R) 21 Activities of extra teritorial organizations & bodies (U)

Table 6C: Historical table of currently employed population by major industry group - Both sexes Major Industry Group Total Agriculture Industry Services Year 2013Q1 3 2013Q2 3 8,475,419 8,451,187 2,384,795 2,273,387 3,793,005 2,668,059 2,217,693 3,589,668

Table 6D: Histirical table of currently employed population by major industry group (percentage) - Both sexes Major Industry Group Total Agriculture Industry Services 2013Q1 100.0 28.2 26.9 44.9 Year
3

2013Q2 3 200.0 31.5 26.2 42.4

Note: These Industry groups are based on ISIC - Rev. 4 Agriculture 1. Agriculture Foresty and Fishery (A) Industries 1. Minning & Quarrying (B) 2. Manufacturing (C) 3. Construction, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (D, E,F) Services 1. Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles(G) 2. Transportation and storage (H) 3. Accommodation and food services activities (I) 4. Information and communication (J) 5. Financial and insurance activities (K) 6. Professional, scientific and technical activities (M) 7. Administrative and support service activities (N) 8. Public administration and defence compulsory social security (O) 9. Education (P) 10. Human health and social work activities (Q) 11. Other service activities (S) 12. Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods and services - producing activities of households for own use (U) 13. Real estate activities (L) Arts, entertainment and recreation ( R) Activities of extra territorial organizations & bodies (U)

Table 7 - Currently Employed person by Occupation group (Based on ISCO 08) - Both sexes Year 2013Q1 3 2013Q2
3

Total 8,451,187 8,475,419

1 386,014 399,208

2 529,198 479,978

3 526,092 449,325

4 326,261 264,479

Occupation group 5 6 939,243 932,950 1,614,985 1,768,371

7 1,439,627 1,510,774

8 755,911 734,832

9 1,861,809 1,888,189

0 72,047 47,313

Table 7A - Currently Employed person by Occupation group (Based on ISCO 08) - Male Year 2013Q1 3 2013Q2
3

Total 5,494,375 5,589,387

1 263,261 292,861

2 208,292 177,098

3 331,813 306,841

4 153,235 129,309

Occupation group 5 6 638,914 639,673 1,049,024 1,154,039

7 991,394 1,047,750

8 638,205 650,240

9 1,159,943 1,150,102

0 60,293 41,474

Table 7B - Currently Employed person by Occupation group (Based on ISCO 08) - Female Year 2013Q1 3 2013Q2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3

Total 2,956,812 2,886,033

1 122,753 106,347

2 320,906 302,880

3 194,279 142,485

4 173,026 135,170

Occupation group 5 6 300,328 293,277 565,961 614,332

7 448,233 463,024

8 117,706 84,592

9 701,866 738,087

0 11,754 5,839

These figures are to be treated with caution as the corresponding CV (Cofficient of variation) values are high. Managers, Senior Officials and Legislators Professionals Technicians and Associate Professionals Clerks and Clerical support workers Services and Sales workers Skilled Agricultura, Forestry and Fishery workers Craft and Related Trades workers Plant and Machine operators and Assemblers Elementary occupations Armed Forces Occupations

TABLE 8 - CURRENTLY EMPLOYED PERSONS BY HOURS PER WEEK ACTUALLY WORKED AT THE MAIN JOB AND MAJOR INDUSTRIAL GROUP (PERCENTAGE) - BOTH SEXES MAJOR INDUSTRIAL GROUP Total 1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 Other TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0* 8.4 11.3 9.6 12.3 4.4 1-9 2.0 3.6 .. 10 - 19 5.7 8.4 6.1 6.5 3.8 20 - 29 8.9 12.8 9.2 9.8 6.7 30 - 39 14.4 18.3 12.0 13.1 11.0 8.4 40 - 49 34.0 30.3 49.5 34.8 36.6 29.0 31.6 30.4 53.8 .. .. 13.4 11.0 41.9 56.6 21.2 37.3 36.3 50 & OVER 26.6 15.2 26.8 20.7 43.7 45.8 47.0 28.9 47.3 24.9 46.3 32.5 35.1

..

..
.. Negligible

* Has a job but not at work during the reference week ** Reliable estimates cannot be provided. Industry group 1 Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A) 2 Minning & quarrying (B) 3 Manufacturing (C) 6 Construction, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (D, E,F) 7 Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles(G) 8 Transportation and storage (H) 9 Accommodation and food services activities (I) 10 Information and communication (J) 11 Financial and insurance activities (K) 13 Professional, scientific and technical activities (M) 14 Administrative and support service activities (N) 15 Public administration and defence compulsory social security (O) 16 Education (P) 17 Human health and social work activities (Q) 19 Other service activities (S) 20 Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods and services - producing activities of households for own use (U) Other

Other 12 Real estate activities (L) 18 Arts, entertainment and recreation (R) 21 Activities of extra teritorial organizations & bodies (U)

TABLE 9 - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY UNEMPLOYED PERSONS BY AGE GROUPS (PERCENTAGE) - BOTH SEXES AGE GROUPS YEAR 2006 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

15 - 19 YRS 17.5 15.7 15.8 14.5 14.8 12.8 14.2 12.9 15.7

20 - 24 YRS 39.3 41.2 38.4 37.5 38.7 42.5 40.6 42.0 42.3

25 - 29 YRS 21.5 19.7 21.5 21.3 21.2 20.6 18.8 17.7 15.8

30 - 39 YRS 11.9 13.1 13.6 15.1 14.7 15.6 15.6 13.9 16.8

40 + YRS 9.8 10.4 10.6 11.6 10.6 8.5 10.7 13.4 9.5

2013Q1 2013Q2

TABLE 9A - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY UNEMPLOYED PERSONS BY AGE GROUPS (PERCENTAGE) - MALE YEAR 2006 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

15 - 19 YRS 21.2 19.9 19.4 17.9 19.6 17.6 19.5 13.6 16.2

20 - 24 YRS 40.1 40.7 37.8 36.4 41.2 44.9 41.6 47.5 41.5

AGE GROUPS 25 - 29 YRS 18.4 16.0 19.5 18.9 15.5 16.7 17.1 16.6 15.7

30 - 39 YRS 8.3 10.2 9.4 12.4 11.7 13.1 12.4 10.6 15.6

40+ YRS 11.9 13.1 13.9 14.4 12.0 7.6 9.4 11.6 11.0

2013Q1 2013Q2

TABLE 9B - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY UNEMPLOYED PERSONS BY AGE GROUPS (PERCENTAGE) - FEMALE AGE GROUPS YEAR TOTAL 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 39 40+ YRS YRS YRS YRS YRS 2006 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

14.4 11.9 12.9 11.5 10.7 9.3 9.4 12.3 15.3

38.7 41.5 38.9 38.5 36.5 40.7 39.8 37.3 42.9

3

24.2 23.0 23.2 23.5 26.1 23.4 20.3 18.7 15.8

14.9 15.6 17.0 17.5 17.4 17.5 18.6 16.7 17.8

7.9 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.3 9.1 11.9 15.0 8.2

2013Q1 2013Q2
1 2

These figures are to be treated with caution as the corresponding CV (Cofficient of variation) values are high.
- Excluding Northern & Eastern provinces - Including Eastern province but Excluding Northern province - All the districts are included

TABLE 10 - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY UNEMPLOYED PERSONS BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION (PERCENTAGE) - BOTH SEXES TOTAL GRADE 5 & BELOW 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.3 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 4.5 LEVEL OF EDUCATION GRADES GCE(O/L) 6 - 10 NCGE 41.8 41.0 39.3 39.9 34.9 37.9 37.4 36.8 35.2 26.7 22.1 23.4 23.1 22.7 19.9 27.3 20.9 19.5 GCE(A/L) HNCE & ABOVE 27.0 32.6 32.8 32.7 39.7 39.4 32.8 39.6 40.8

YEAR 2006 1 2007

1

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

3 3

2008 2 2009 2010 2011 2012

2 2 3 3

2013Q1 2013Q2

100.0 100.0

TABLE 10A - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY UNEMPLOYED PERSONS BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION (PERCENTAGE) - MALE LEVEL OF EDUCATION YEAR 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 1 2 2 2 3 3

TOTAL

GRADE 5 & BELOW

GRADES 6 - 10

GCE(O/L) NCGE

GCE(A/L) HNCE & ABOVE

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0 100.0
3

6.1 5.8 5.3 4.4 3.4 2.0 2.0

3.8 6.9

48.8 49.4 49.7 48.0 40.4 47.6 46.8

40.9 42.0

26.7 24.5 23.1 25.3 25.4 20.4 29.7

25.7 20.2

18.3 20.3 21.9 22.3 30.9 29.9 21.5

29.6 30.9

2013Q1 3 2013Q2

TABLE 10B - HISTORICAL TABLE OF CURRENTLY UNEMPLOYED PERSONS BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION (PERCENTAGE) - FEMALE LEVEL OF EDUCATION YEAR TOTAL GRADE 5 & GRADES GCE(O/L) GCE(A/L) BELOW 6 - 10 NCGE HNCE & ABOVE 2006 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 2 2 2 3 3

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0
3

3.1 3.0 3.8 4.3 2.1 3.3 3.0

1.9

35.8 33.5 30.9 32.5 30.1 30.7 28.8

33.3

26.7 19.9 23.7 21.1 20.5 19.5 25.1

16.8

34.3 43.6 41.7 42.1 47.3 46.5 43.1

48.0

2013Q1 3

2013Q2 100.0 2.6 29.5 18.9 49.1 These figures are to be treated with caution as the corresponding CV (Cofficient of variation) values are high.
1 2

- Excluding Northern & Eastern provinces - Including Eastern province but Excluding Northern province

- All the districts are included

TABLE 11 - CURRENTLY UNEMPLOYED PERSONS BY SEX AND DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT (2013 2nd Quarter) Sex Total Less than 6 months Duration 6 to less than 12 months 250,924 64.2 113,021 63.6 137,903 64.7 12+ months

Both sexes % Male % Female %

390,975 100.0 177,838 100.0 213,137 100.0

39,927 10.2 11,116 6.3 28,811 13.5

100,125 25.6 53,701 30.2 46,424 21.8

Standard error (Page 1) STANDARD ERROR AND COFFICIENT OF VARIATION OF SELECTED VARIABLES Estimated Value General labour force characteristics Population ( 15 years & over) Employed Population Unemployed Population Employment Rate Unemployment Rate Labour Force Not in Labour Force 16,357,652 8,475,419 390,975 8,866,395 7,491,257 179,305 123,112 24,967 125,290 124,554 1.10 1.45 6.4 1.41 1.66 Standard Error Cofficient of Variation (%) Estimated Value (Ratio) (2013 2nd quarter) Standard Cofficient Error of Variation (%)

95.6 4.4

0.277 0.277

0.290 6.278

Employed persons by major industry Groups 1 2,668,059 2 124,897 3 1,481,903 6 610,893 7 1,182,254 8 529,608 9 205,370 10 63,923 11 149,866 13 73,979 14 92,527 15 535,117 16 290,140 17 134,632 19 132,309 20 140,883 Other 59,059 Unemployed persons by level of education Below grade 5 Grade 5 - 9/Year 6 - 10 G.C.E.(O/L)/N.C.G.E. G.C.E.(A/L)/H.N.C.E. & above 17,735 137,547 76,094 159,600

106,436 31,597 55,481 30,434 53,437 27,353 22,052 9,792 14,741 12,847 11,884 30,450 22,165 14,320 14,126 16,558 11,104

4.0 25.3 3.7 5.0 4.5 5.2 10.7 15.3 9.8 17.4 12.8 5.7 7.6 10.6 10.7 11.8 18.8

6,338 14,067 9,282 15,134

35.7 10.2 12.2 9.5

Industry group 1 Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A) 2 Minning & quarrying (B) 3 Manufacturing (C) 6 Construction, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (D, E,F) 7 Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles(G) 8 Transportation and storage (H) 9 Accommodation and food services activities (I) 10 Information and communication (J) 11 Financial and insurance activities (K) 13 Professional, scientific and technical activities (M) 14 Administrative and support service activities (N) 15 Public administration and defence compulsory social security (O) 16 Education (P) 17 Human health and social work activities (Q) 19 Other service activities (S) 20 Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods and services - producing activities of households for own use (U) Other Other Real estate activities (L) Arts, entertainment and recreation (R) Activities of extra teritorial organizations & bodies (U)

Explanatory Notes (Page 1)

Explanatory Notes
Coverage Sri Lanka Labour Force Survey was designed to measure the levels and trends of employment, unemployment and labour force in Sri Lanka. This survey is being conducted quarterly, since the first quarter of 1990. This quarterly survey of households is conducted through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian non-institutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status etc. of each member of the household 15 years of age and older. Data collection of the survey is done during the third week of the each month, Monday through Sunday. This is known as the "survey week". The information relates to economic activity and employment status are referred to the preceding week of the survey week; referred to as the "reference week". The concepts and definitions underlying labour force data are as follows. Concepts and definitions 1. Labour force: The labour force is composed of the economically active population 15 years of age and over.

2. The Economically Active Population: is defined as those persons who are/were employed or unemployed during the reference period of the survey. 3. Employed: Persons, who during the reference period, worked as paid employees, employers, own account workers (self-employed), or contributing family workers are said to be employed. This includes persons with a job but not at work during the reference period. 4. Unemployed: Persons who are seeking and available for work, but had no employment during the reference period.

5. Currently Economically Active: A person who was employed or unemployed during the current reference period is considered to be currently economically active. 6. Not in the Labour Force (not economically active): Persons who were neither working not available/looking for work are classified as not in the labour force. Persons are not in the labour force for such reasons as: full time care of the household, full time students, retired or old age, infirmed or disabled, or are not interested in working for one reason or another. Current and Usual definitions apply.

Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the quarterly labour force data are subject to both sampling and non - sampling errors. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 95 percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.96 standard errors from the " true" population value, because of sampling error. Analyses relating to the Labour Force Survey are generally conducted at the 95 percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the quarterly unemployment rate is on the order of Estimated value (of the unemployment rate) (standard error) * (1.96) 6.4 (0.4) * (1.96) (6.4 0.784)

Explanatory Notes (Page 2)

This means, the 95 percent confidence interval on the quarterly unemployment rate could range from (5.6 to 7.2) . This implies that there is about 95 percent chance that the "true" unemployment rate lies within this interval. This range includes all the values range from 5.6 to 7.2 . When the comparison of this estimate is done between two quarters, if any of the value within the 95 percent confidence interval of one quarter overlaps with the confidence interval of the other , it means that the estimates of this two quarters are not significantly different. Therefore, in each quarterly labour force report, a separate table is given including approximate standard errors for some selected variables, so that users could understand this statistical scenario clearly.

Distribution of unemployment rates and 95% confidence intervals (2011Q1 - 2013 Q2)
5.5

Unemployment rate (%)

4.6 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.9

4.0

3.9

3.9

4.0

4.3 3.9

2.5 2011Q1
2011

2011Q2

2011Q3

2012Q2

2012Q3

2012Q4

2013Q1

2013Q2
2013

Time period (2011/13) 95% confidence Interval

Note:

Point estimate of Unemployment rate

Survey was not conducted in the fourth quarter 2011 & first quarter 2012 due to activities of population census. Excluding Northern Province

As seen in figure 2, it is very important to note that, there were no statistically significant differences between the unemployment rates reported in different time periods of 2011/2013, when sampling error was considered. Change in survey schedule Current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the beginning of the survey in 1990. However, some changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. In January 2006, some improvements were made to the labour force survey schedule in order to fulfill the requirements of data users and also to provide additional information for planning purposes. The revision was made focusing on literacy, household economic activities, and informal sector employment and under employment etc. From January , 2013 onwards, the lower bound of working age populations is considered as age 15, hence age 15 and over population is considered as working age population .The survey schedule is updated to obtain more precise information on following age, informal employment, informal sector, secondary occupation, wages & income , unemployment & trainings. New Industry & Occupation classifications From January 2013 onward the survey uses new industry & occupation classifications, such as SLIC Rev 4:- Sri Lanka Standard Industry Classification based on International Standard Industry classification - Rev.4 (ISIC Rev 4) SLSCO 08:- Sri Lanka Standard Classification of Occupation -2008 based on International Standard Classification of Occupation-2008 (ISCO 2008)

Explanatory Notes (Page 3)

Note : It is important to note that, all the data published here are the estimates based on a sample survey and these are subject to sampling errors. These sampling errors can be statistically evaluated from the survey results. Therefore, sampling error is normally measured in terms of the standard error of the particular variable. Standard error could be used to calculate the confidence limits with a prescribed accuracy where the true value of the estimates lies. Further reliability of the estimates can be expressed in terms of Coefficient of Variation (CV). The CV is a relative measure of the sampling error and is calculated as sampling error divided by the expected value of the given characteristic. In view of this, following table is given to show the estimates for some selected variables, it's standard error, CV and 95% Confidence interval. It is also important to note that all the estimates we publish in this report are subject to sampling error and one should be cautious in the interpretation of results, especially with respect to the trends over time.

Estimate of Confidence Intervals for some selected characteristics Labour Force No. Year 2006 1 2007 2008 2010 2011 2012
1 2

Employed 95% C.I. Lower Upper No. Standard error 97,662 99,184 104,306 102,161 105,457 157,067 138,850 110,245 C.V (%) 1.38 1.41 1.37 1.35 1.37 1.92 1.71 1.30 95% C.I. Lower Upper 6,892,860 6,832,262 7,424,169 7,379,527 7,489,372 7,878,342 7,846,117 8,234,641 7,275,832 7,221,204 7,833,196 7,780,143 7,902,913 8,494,268 8,390,606 8,667,732

Standard error 102,940 104,109 109,709 107,213 110,375 163,523 144,233 114,463

C.V (%) 1.36 1.39 1.36 1.33 1.36 1.91 1.71 1.29

7,576,415 7,472,932 8,061,725 8,051,089 8,096,477 8,543,776 8,454,364

3

7,374,579 7,778,251 7,084,346 7,268,805 7,677,059 7,026,733 7,846,618 8,276,832 7,628,683 7,840,876 8,261,302 7,579,835 7,880,065 8,312,889 7,696,142 8,223,154 8,864,397 8,186,305 8,171,566 8,737,162 8,118,362 8,637,090 9,086,749 8,451,187

2009 2
2 3 3

2013Q1

8,861,919

Year No. 2006 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

1 2 2 2 3 3

Unemployed Standard error 15,823 14,698 14,975 15,683 14,742 17,726 15,267 26,945 C.V (%) 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.7 5.0 4.5 6.6 95% C.I. Lower Upper 461,045 417,380 403,680 440,503 371,430 322,715 306,067 357,806 523,093 475,018 462,405 502,004 429,240 392,226 365,938 463,659
3

Unemployment Rate Rate 6.5 6.0 5.4 5.9 4.9 4.2 4.0 4.6 Standard error 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 C.V (%) 2.95 3.02 3.14 3.07 3.39 4.52 4.17 6.3 95% C.I. Lower Upper 6.1 5.6 5.0 5.5 4.6 3.8 3.6 4.1 6.9 6.3 5.7 6.2 5.3 4.6 4.3 5.2

492,069 446,199 433,042 471,254 400,335 357,471 336,002 410,733

2013Q1 3
1 2

- Excluding Northern & Eastern provinces - Including Eastern province but Excluding Northern province

- All the districts are included

Explanatory Notes (Page 4)

Note : It is important to note that, all the data published here are the estimates based on a sample survey and these are subject to sampling errors. These sampling errors can be statistically evaluated from the survey results. Therefore, sampling error is normally measured in terms of the standard error of the particular variable. Standard error could be used to calculate the confidence limits with a prescribed accuracy where the true value of the estimates lies. Further reliability of the estimates can be expressed in terms of Coefficient of Variation (CV). The CV is a relative measure of the sampling error and is calculated as sampling error divided by the expected value of the given characteristic. In view of this, following table is given to show the estimates for some selected variables, it's standard error, CV and 95% Confidence interval. It is also important to note that all the estimates we publish in this report are subject to sampling error and one should be cautious in the interpretation of results, especially with respect to the trends over time.

Estimate of Confidence Intervals for some selected characteristics Labour Force No. Year 2006 1 2007
1 2

Employed 95% C.I. Lower Upper No. Standard error 97,662 99,184 104,306 102,161 105,457 157,067 138,850 110,245 123,112 C.V (%) 1.38 1.41 1.37 1.35 1.37 1.92 1.71 1.30 1.45 95% C.I. Lower Upper 6,892,860 6,832,262 7,424,169 7,379,527 7,489,372 7,878,342 7,846,117 8,234,641 8,233,607 7,275,832 7,221,204 7,833,196 7,780,143 7,902,913 8,494,268 8,390,606 8,667,732 8,717,231

Standard error 102,940 104,109 109,709 107,213 110,375 163,523 144,233 114,463 125,290

C.V (%) 1.36 1.39 1.36 1.33 1.36 1.91 1.71 1.29 1.41

7,576,415 7,472,932 8,061,725 8,051,089 8,096,477 8,543,776 8,454,364

3

7,374,579 7,778,251 7,084,346 7,268,805 7,677,059 7,026,733 7,846,618 8,276,832 7,628,683 7,840,876 8,261,302 7,579,835 7,880,065 8,312,889 7,696,142 8,223,154 8,864,397 8,186,305 8,171,566 8,737,162 8,118,362 8,637,090 9,086,749 8,451,187 8,620,306 9,112,483 8,475,419

2008 2009 2 2010 2011 2012

2 3 3

2013Q1

8,861,919 8,866,395

2013Q2 3

Year No. 2006 1 2007 1 2008 2 2009 2010 2011 2012

2 2 3 3 3 3

Unemployed Standard error 15,823 14,698 14,975 15,683 14,742 17,726 15,267 26,945 24,967 C.V (%) 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.7 5.0 4.5 6.6 6.4 95% C.I. Lower Upper 461,045 417,380 403,680 440,503 371,430 322,715 306,067 357,806 341,936 523,093 475,018 462,405 502,004 429,240 392,226 365,938 463,659 440,014
3

Unemployment Rate Rate 6.5 6.0 5.4 5.9 4.9 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.4 Standard error 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 C.V (%) 2.95 3.02 3.14 3.07 3.39 4.52 4.17 6.33 6.28 95% C.I. Lower Upper 6.1 5.6 5.0 5.5 4.6 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.9 6.9 6.3 5.7 6.2 5.3 4.6 4.3 5.2 5.0

492,069 446,199 433,042 471,254 400,335 357,471 336,002 410,733 390,975

2013Q1 2013Q2
1 2

- Excluding Northern & Eastern provinces - Including Eastern province but Excluding Northern province

- All the districts are included

Alternative Estimates (Page 1)

Alternative Estimates of Employment, Unemployment and Labour Force Characteristics Official employment, unemployment and labour force characteristics are estimated at the Sri Lanka Labour Force Survey, based on the internationally comparable concepts and definitions recommended by the ILO. However the validity of the concepts and definitions used at the survey is questioned very often in some forums, for the appropriateness of these concepts and definitions in the Sri Lankan context. The concepts and definitions, which were found to be controversial, are as below. (1) Number of Hours of Work : A person who work at least one hour during the reference week, is considered employed, under these definitions. All persons of age 10 years and over are considered to be in the working age, before 2013. However, this was changed as age 15 and over from 2013 onward. All, a) Paid employees, (those who work for wages/salaries). b) Employers (who have at least one paid employee under them). c) Own account workers (who carry out the economic activity without having any paid employees). d) Contributing family workers (who make their contribution to the economic activities carried out by their own household, without wages/salaries).

(2)

Working Age Population

(3)

Employment Status

The validity of the above concepts and definitions is raised due to the following reasons. (1) (2) Number of Hours of Work Working Age Population : : Some pointed out that one hour per week is too low, to consider a person to be employed. Some pointed out those persons in the age group 10-14 yrs. are too young to be considered in the working age. (From 2013 onward the working age population is considered as age 15 and over). Some pointed out that contributing family workers may work in the family enterprise without payment because they have no other work, and so it is not appropriate to consider them as employed.

(3)

Employment Status

An attempt has been made to produce 'Alternative estimates of Employment, Unemployment and Labour Force Characteristics,' by revising the original concepts and definitions so that the above issues are addressed as explained below. The revisions made are, (1) Number of Hours of Work : Persons who work 20 hours or more per week only are considered to be employed. Contributing family workers are not considered as employed. Those contributing family workers who were reported to be seeking some other work are considered as unemployed and the rest of the unpaid family workers are considered as economically inactive (not in the labour force) so only, a) paid employees b) employers and c) own account workers are considered to be employed.

(2)

Contributing Family Worker

Following tables are based on the above alternative concepts and definitions.

Alternative Estimates (Page 2)

Alternative Estimates (Page 3)

Table 3 - Currently Employed persons by Industry group (No. and percentage) (Based on ISIC Fourth Revision) - (Alternative estimates)
Industry Group 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 Other

Year

Total 86,419 1,406,822 605,044 1,013,527 515,509 156,892 60,176 171,119 1.2 108,109 1,310,706 562,515 1.5
Other 12 Real estate activities (L) 18 Arts, entertainment and recreation (R) 21 Activities of extra teritorial organizations & bodies (U)

2013Q1 No. 7,260,961 1,648,782 19.4 993,573 498,841 165,477 61,020 145,285 14.0 7.0 2.3 0.9 2.0 1.0 1.2 7.4 3.8 69,693 8.3 14.0 7.1 2.2 0.8 2.4 1.0 1.6 9.2 3.9 1.8

73,755 112,561 670,427 284,454 128,800 120,390 166,217 1.7 2.3

40,067 0.6 49,873

100.0

22.7

2013Q13 No. 7,101,152 1,886,572 18.5 7.9

88,535 524,864 267,970 128,629 113,272 126,219 1.8 1.6 1.8

100.0

26.6

0.7

Industry group

1 Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A)

2 M inning & quarrying (B)

3 M anufacturing (C)

6 Construction, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, Water supply, sewerage, waste management

and remediation activities (D, E,F)

7 Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles(G)

8 Transportation and storage (H)

9 Accommodation and food services activities (I)

10 Information and communication (J)

11 Financial and insurance activities (K)

13 Professional, scientific and technical activities (M )

14 Administrative and support service activities (N)

15 Public administration and defence compulsory social security (O)

16 Education (P)

17 Human health and social work activities (Q)

19 Other service activities (S)

20 Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods and services - producing activities of households for own use (U)

Other