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Variable Valve Timing Systems on Modern Spark Ignition Engines in Series Production and under Development

Lecture at the the B d Budapest tU University i it of Technology and Economics


Part A: September, 18, 2009 Part B: November, 24, 2009

Louis Renault, 1902, Patent DE 145662

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany hannibal@fh-swf.de
Fig. 1

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Presentation Outline

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

I t d ti Introduction Historical Overview of Variable Valve Train Systems Categories of Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) Systems Thermo Dynamical Benefits Cam Phaser Systems Valve Lift and Timing Variation Systems Palivaventi A New Patent and Literature VVA- Data Base Future Systems Conclusion and Outlook
Fig. 2

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Introduction

variable valve train is common in modern spark ignition engines the systems are located in the cylinder head on series production a lot of different systems are applied a fuel consumption benefit of about 3 to 12 % can be achieved beside b id cam phasers h th the f fully ll variable i bl valve train will be more important Thank you very much for the invitation of the lecture and please enjoy the content
Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 3

Presentation Outline

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

I t d ti Introduction Historical Overview of Variable Valve Train Systems Categories of Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) Systems Thermo Dynamical Benefits Cam Phaser Systems Valve Lift and Timing Variation Systems Palivaventi A New Patent and Literature VVA- Data Base Future Systems Conclusion and Outlook
Fig. 4

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Historical Overview of Variable valve Train Systems

valve deactivation system, Gottlieb Daimler, Daimler the first variable valve actuation system on series production cars? patent DE 50839, June 9., 1889

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 5

Patent Applications of Variable Valve Actuation Systems

More than 15,000 patent applications have been submitted There are many different classification groups; for research work, they have to be divided into practicable categories Patent searches are very time-consuming The level of invention in the applications has fallen Patent application strategy has become more important Many patent applications are submitted although their ideas are already l d k known f from very old ld patents t t The strategic importance of the patents ensures the companies companies ability to compete Patent research is one of the research fields of Prof. Hannibal
Fig. 6

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

From the Operational Principle to Series Production, Cam Phasers from Samuel Haltenberger to Alfa Romeo and BMW

Samuel Haltenberger (Patent DE 368775, 1918)


Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 7

From the Operational Principle to Series Production, Cam Phasers from Samuel Haltenberger to Alfa Romeo and BMW

Alfa Romeo, 1983

Samuel Haltenberger (Patent DE 368775, 1918)

BMW VANOS, 1995


Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 8

From the Operational Principle to Series Production, Cam Switching Systems from Eaton to Cadillac

E t Eaton, 1978

Cadillac 1978 Cadillac,


Fig. 9

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

From the Operational Principle to Series Production, Cam Switching Systems from Eaton to Honda

Eaton, Patent US 4,203,397, 1978

Honda VTEC, 1989


Fig. 10

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

From the Operational Principle to Series Production, Continuously Variable Valve Lift from Renault to BMW

Louis Renault Renault, Patent DE 145662, 1902

BMW Valvetronic Valvetronic, 2002


Fig. 11

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

From the Operational Principle to Series Production, Non Uniform Camshaft Drive from Mitchell to MG

Stephan W. Mitchell, Patent GB 2066361A, 1980

MG VVC system MG-VVC-system IAA- press release 1995


Fig. 12

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Presentation Outline

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

I t d ti Introduction Historical Overview of Variable Valve Train Systems Categories of Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) Systems Thermo Dynamical Benefits Cam Phaser Systems Valve Lift and Timing Variation Systems Palivaventi A New Patent and Literature VVA- Data Base Future Systems Conclusion and Outlook
Fig. 13

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Categories of VVA Systems

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 14

Categories of VVA Systems

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 15

Number of Patent Applications According to the VVA- Groups for the Years 1980 - 2000
1200

Camphasers

Num mber of Patent A Applications

1054 978

1000 795
ElectroMechanical Valve Train

800

600

Honda VTEC BMW Valvetronic Mitsubishi MIVEC MIVEC Porsche VarioCAM Plus

400 180 55 2 18 53 82 14
22 31 31
Fig. 16

200 25 0
12

131 7
14

116 62 5
21 21 21 23 21 12 21 22

127

11

13

21 11

21 31

21 51

VVA - Groups
Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

22 11

22 21

21 24

21 41

Total Number of Patent Applications in the Data Base for the Years 1980 - 2000
450

Numb ber of P Patent A Applicat tions

400 350 300 252 250 200 150 100 50 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 29 34 48 52 49 64 78 93 127 216 189 213 183 168 231 343 314

383 361 336

1998

2000

Year
Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 17

Number of Patent Applications According to the VVA- Groups for the Years 1989 to 1993
120

117
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

Nu umber o of Patent t Applica ations

100

94 92

80

77 57 65 57 52 60 58 28

60

40

20

0
11

21

21

23

24

21

21

31

21

41

19 11 8 165 3 1 5 6 7 0 224 7 3 0 00 9 3 0 4 3 7 6 03 0 3 42 3 10 0 4 2 4 1 0 6 3 0 0 1 61 1 3 2 1 0 210 1993 1 833 21 1 43 0 2 0 1 1 1991 1 00 72


13 14 11 12 21 22 21 51

12

1989

21

11

21

21

21

31

22

22

VVA- Group

22

31

Year
Fig. 18

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Presentation Outline

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

I t d ti Introduction Historical Overview of Variable Valve Train Systems Categories of Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) Systems Thermo Dynamical Benefits Cam Phaser Systems Valve Lift and Timing Variation Systems Palivaventi A New Patent and Literature VVA- Data Base Future Systems Conclusion and Outlook
Fig. 19

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Possibilities of Valve Varition

Valve lift

[mm]

Crank angle

[CA]
Fig. 20

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Range for Cam Phasing Variation

Valve e lift

[mm]

outlet valve lift

inlet valve lift

Crank angle

[CA]
Fig. 21

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Torque Response with Several Cam Phasing Positions

E Engine torque

[Nm m]

Camshaft positions: Nockenwellenstellungen: konventionell conventionell frh early late spt variable variabel

Engine revolution

[1/min]

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 22

Torque Influence with Different Valve Opening Durations

Valve lift f [Nm m]

Full load

E Engine torque

Basic engine

Engine revolution

[1/min]
Fig. 23

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Reduction of Fuel Consumption

Reduction of Charge Cycle Work

- Optimization of the Burning Process - Reduction of the Friction

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 24

Influence of the Reduction of Charge Cycle Work by the Use of Variable Inlet Valve Duration

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 25

Charge Cycle Work Reduction over Inlet Spread Variation with the Use of Variable Inlet Valve Duration ( (System y UniValve)

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 26

Fuel Consumption over the Inlet Valve Spread Variation Naturally Aspirated Engine: 2,0 l Test Engine with UniValve

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 27

Fuel Consumption over the Inlet Valve Spread Variation; Turbo Charged Engine: 2,0 l Test Engine with UniValve

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 28

Influence of Fuel Consumption Reduction with different Variable Valve Train Concepts for the Naturally Aspirated Engine

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 29

Influence of Fuel Consumption Reduction with different Variable Valve Train Concepts for the Turbo Charged Engine

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 30

Presentation Outline

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

I t d ti Introduction Historical Overview of Variable Valve Train Systems Categories of Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) Systems Thermo Dynamical Benefits Cam Phaser Systems Valve Lift and Timing Variation Systems Palivaventi A New Patent and Literature VVA- Data Base Future Systems Conclusion and Outlook
Fig. 31

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Categories of the Cam Phaser Systems

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 32

Torque at the Camshaft for Different Engine Concepts

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 33

First Cam Phaser in Series Production by Alfa Romeo

1: cam shaft 6: solenoid 2: oil nut 7: hub of the gear 3: helical gear 8: gear 4: sprocket 9: hydraulic piston 5: control valve 10: return spring

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 34

First Cam Phaser Solution in Series Production of Mercedes Benz in 1989

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 35

Cam Phaser Solution VANOS of BMW

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 36

Cam Phaser Solution of Porsche by Using the Principle of Chain Length Variation

late position

early position

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 37

First Porsche Cam Phaser in Series Production

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 38

Hydraulical Circuit of the Porsche Cam Phaser Principle

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 39

Unit of two Cam Phasers using the Vane Type Principle at the Volkswagen six cylinder engine

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 40

Components of a Cam Phaser using the Vane Type Principle

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 41

Von- Mises Stresses at the Stator and Rotor of a Cam Phaser with the Vane Type Principle

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 42

Systems Control Circuit of a Vane Type Cam Phaser for Spark Ignition Engines

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 43

Example of a Vane Type Cam Phaser with the Hydraulic Propotional Valve at the Front of the Cam Phaser

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 44

CTA- Cam Phaser Principle of DELPHI

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 45

Detail development at Cam Phaser- Systems, the VaneCam System of the Hydraulik-Ring Company Hydraulic y damping between rotor and rotor housing g Locking pin between rotor and rotor housing [13] housing,

VaneCAM camphaser with stator in plastic

Electro hydraulic solenoid, [12]


Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 46

Price Reduction for Cam Phasers with New Technical Generations

120 100

Priz ze OEM M [%]

80 60 40 20 0 198 88 199 90 199 92 199 94 199 96 199 98 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Fig. 47

Massproduction

Year

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Presentation Outline

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

I t d ti Introduction Historical Overview of Variable Valve Train Systems Categories of Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) Systems Thermo Dynamical Benefits Cam Phaser Systems Valve Lift and Timing Variation Systems Palivaventi A New Patent and Literature VVA- Data Base Future Systems Conclusion and Outlook
Fig. 48

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Valve Lift and Timing Variations Systems

Valve Lift Variation in Steps

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 49

Honda VTEC- System for Rocker Fingers; the First Series Production Solution for Two Valve Contours

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 50

Honda VTEC- System for a Rocker Arm Design in Motion

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 51

Honda VTEC for Tappet Solutions

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 52

Mitsubishi MIVEC System for Rocker Arm Solutions

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 53

Mitsubishi MIVEC System

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 54

Mitsubishi MIVEC System for Rocker Finger Solutions

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 55

Toyota VVA- System for Two Cam Contours for Rocker Fingers

role lost motion element

gliding contact t t

h d li piston hydraulic i t
Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 56

Valve Train with Roller Rocker Finger Possibilities for the Location of the Valve Train Variation location of the valve train variation A: at the cam B: at the hydraulic lash adjuster C: at the role pivot D: at the lever body E: over the valve

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 57

Audi AVS-System in Production

Location A: at the cam

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 58

INA Patent Application for a Hydraulic Lash Adjuster for Two Lift Positions Location B: at the hydraulic lash adjuster

DE 19952909
Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 59

Ford Patent Application for a Switch Able Roller Rocker Finger

Location C: at the role pivot

DE 19801604, Patent application of Ford


Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 60

Patent Application for the Variation of the Role Pivot in a Rocker Finger Location D: at the lever body

DE 10211038, Patent application of Ford


Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 61

Switch Able Roller Rocker Finger Patent Application of Ford Location D: at the lever body

DE 19700316
Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 62

Summary of Two Step Variable Valve Variation on Production Engines

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 63

Comparative Investigation of the Actuating System of two Step Variable Valve Timing Systems

evaluation l ti criteria it i of f the th systems actuating system


variability of the valve curves upgrading option in existing cylinder heads synchronisation at shifting actuating failures package of the system development risk electrical equipment additional cost compared to standard cylinder head Patent situation

hydraulically h d li ll actuated
less difficult because of the oil supply to the actuator difficult to realize low low high because of undefined patent situation easy with low variability Lower than an electro magnetically actuation difficult to overview

electro magnetically actuated


good, g , because of possibility p y single g actuation low with low valve variability easy to realize very low high difficult to evaluate because of higher complexity low at lower variability high with higher variability, i.e. for single valve actuation less basic patents Fig. 64

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Continuously Variation of the Valve Opening Duration and the Valve Lift Duration

Introduction in several concepts

Valvetronic

MIVEC

VVEL

Valvematic

Advanced VTEC

UniValve

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 65

Concept: Pure Variable Valve Lift Concept: Pure Variable Valve Opening Variation

pure valve l lift variation i ti

pure valve opening duration variation

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 66

Variable Valve Lift Variation Example p of a System y from INA

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 67

Concept: Continuously Variation of the Valve Opening Duration and the Valve Lift Duration; Throttle Free Load Control

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 68

Valvetronic I Solution: Movie

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 69

Valvetronic I Solution for the BMW 8- Cylinder Engine

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 70

Valvetronic II System of BMW a Concept for Throttle Free Load Control

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 71

Valvetronic II System of BMW

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 72

Valvetronic II Intermediate Lever

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 73

Valvetronic II Principle in Motion

Extra Video
Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 74

Nissan VVEL- System

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 75

Mitsubishi Continuously Variable Valve Timing System

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 76

Toyota Valvematic- System

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 77

Overview of CVVL- Systems on Series Production

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 78

System Naumann, DE 10036373

only a few patent applications can be found f push for h rod d engines i

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 79

System DaimlerChrysler, DE 19745715

solution with two camshafts and gliding g link ag

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 80

System Eaton

solution with only one camshaft

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 81

System Jrvi, University Helsinki

the working curve is a part of the control shaft

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 82

System FEV / Mahle

the intermediate lever is mounted t d at t the th roller ll rocker finger for the variation of the valve lift the coulisse has to be turned

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 83

System BMW, DE 10123186

the intermediate lever drives makes a pure turning movement the turning point is moved inside a fixed guide

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 84

Presentation Outline

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

I t d ti Introduction Historical Overview of Variable Valve Train Systems Categories of Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) Systems Thermo Dynamical Benefits Cam Phaser Systems Valve Lift and Timing Variation Systems Palivaventi A New Patent and Literature VVA- Data Base Future Systems Conclusion and Outlook
Fig. 85

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Palivaventi, a new Patent and Literature Data Base for Variable Valve Timing Systems, http://www.palivaventi.com

htt // http://www.palivaventi.com li ti
Source [14]
Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 86

Palivaventi, a new Patent and Literature Data Base for Variable Valve Timing Systems, http://www.palivaventi.com

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Fig. 87

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Palivaventi, a new Patent and Literature Data Base for Variable Valve Timing Systems, http://www.palivaventi.com detail view search result

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Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 88

Trends of Patent Applications

Patent application activity has continued to rise in the past ten years Patent application strategy has become more important Many patent applications are submitted although their ideas are already known from very old patents Direct-injection gasoline engines will also need variable valve timing Combinations of camshaft positioning and cam switching systems, or those with continuously variable valve lift characteristics, are possible The main emphasis in patent applications is on three areas: - EVT, electroelectro mechanical valve train, (VVA-Group (VVA Group 1.1) - Camphaser, (VVA-Group 2.1.1.1) - Cam switching systems, (VVA-Group 2.1.2.1)
Fig. 89

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Number of Patent Applications of VVA- Group 1.1 for the Years 1980 2000, Electro- Mechanical Systems
200 180 184

Numb ber of P Patent A Applications

160 140 120 100 80 60 60 40 40 20 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 6 2 1 4 4 10 14 20 9 19 10 5 3 6 19 103 133

143

1998

2000

Year
Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 90

Number of Patent Applications of VVA- Group 2.1.1.1 for the Years 1980 2000, Camphasers
120 105 114 107 97 83 80 65 60 63 57 39 23 43 66 98

Numb ber of P Patent A Applicat tions

100

40 17 18 15 12 13 13 2 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 4

20

1994

1996

1998

2000

Year
Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 91

Presentation Outline

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

I t d ti Introduction Historical Overview of Variable Valve Train Systems Categories of Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) Systems Thermo Dynamical Benefits Cam Phaser Systems Valve Lift and Timing Variation Systems Palivaventi A New Patent and Literature VVA- Data Base Future Systems Conclusion and Outlook
Fig. 92

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

From the Operational Principle to Series Production, Hydraulical actuated Systems, from Bosch to Fiat

Fiat, [10] Explanation: Bosch Patent Bosch,


1 inlet valve, 2 brake piston, 3 cam, 4 tappet 5t tappet t chamber, h b 6 single i l solenoid l id valve l 7 pressure chamber

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

From the Operational Principle to Series Production, Hydraulical Actuated Systems, from Bosch to Fiat

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 94

Principle of the UniValve System by the enTec Consulting Company

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 95

Valve Contour Variabilities of the UniValve System of the enTec CONSULTING Company

- Two camphasers,
Valve lift and valve opening duration variation, Phasing between adjacent valves, g solutions, , Roller rocker finger

- Variability on the exhaust valve side? ,

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 96

Principle of the UniValve System by the enTec Consulting Company

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 97

UniValve Integration into a Four-Cylinder Test Engine

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 98

Comparative Investigation with UniValve, BSFC over inlet Spread at the Naturally Aspirated Engine

+2x

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 99

From the Operational Principle to Series Production, Cam Less Hydraulical Actuated System, from Engler to Daimler Chrysler

Engler and Kryzanowsky, Kryzanowsky Patent US 885,459, 1908

Cam less system of DaimlerChrysler, 1998


Fig. 100

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

From the Operational Principle to Series Production, Cam Less Electro Hydraulic Variable Valve Actuation

Audi, Patent DE 3708373, 1987

Siemens- System, 1999


Fig. 101

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Presentation Outline

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

I t d ti Introduction Historical Overview of Variable Valve Train Systems Categories of Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) Systems Thermo Dynamical Benefits Cam Phaser Systems Valve Lift and Timing Variation Systems Palivaventi A New Patent and Literature VVA- Data Base Future Systems Conclusion and Outlook
Fig. 102

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Outlook, Fuel Consumption Potentials with Variable Valve Actuation


spread variation valve contour switching valve lift variation valve duration variation Lift and duration variation

+ + -

++
+ + + best
Fig. 103

+++

- neutral; + good;

+ + very good;

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

The Basis of Throttle Free Load Control: The UniValve System

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 104

Experimental 1-Cylinder Engine, UniValve on Both Valve Sides

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 105

Conclusion and Outlook; Experimental 1-Cylinder Engine with variable Compression p Ratio and Fully y Variable Valve Train

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 106

Actual Development Activities in the Field of Cylinder Heads

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 107

Thank you very much for your attention

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, hannibal@fh-swf.de

Fig. 108

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