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This Week
T H E E D I T O R I A L
Russia is its own worst enemy. If we want to put the
brakes on Putins expansionism, all we have to do is wait.
T
he world is currently experiencing Vladimir Putin
at the peak of his power. Just weeks after basking in the
glory of the Sochi Winter Olympics, the autocratic Rus-
sian leader has successfully snatched Crimea from
Ukraine and inserted it back into Russia, while the rest
of the world has done little more than splutter and wag ngers for
fear he will cut off energy supplies to Europe. Now there are grow-
ing concerns Putin may have designs on the rest of Ukraine, a chunk
of Moldova or beyond.
So what can the West do to put the brakes on Russian expansion-
ism? The same thing we did the last time Russia was a threat to
world order: let the free market do its work.
Putin may nd short-term success outing
national sovereignty and international law,
but hell never outrun the cold, hard real-
ity of economics.
Amid all the frenzy over Putins resur-
rection of the Russian empire, the under-
lying reasons for the fall of the old Com-
munist regime a generation ago seem largely
forgotten.
As detailed in Yegor Gaidars insightful
Collapse of an Empire: Lessons for Modern
Russia, a book originally written in Russian
for a domestic audience, the seeds of the
Communist eras demise were planted in
the mid-1980s when world oil prices crashed to less than $10 a bar-
rel. (All gures U.S. dollars.) Chronic low productivity across all sec-
tors of the Russian economy, but especially in agriculture, combined
with the fall in oil pricesone of Russias few sources of foreign
exchange at the timemeant that by the end of the 1980s, Russia
could no longer feed itself, import food from the rest of the world
or support its client states in Eastern Europe. This nancial strait-
jacket, and not Reagan-era military spending, is what ultimately
shattered the Russian empire.
The inefciency of the socialist economic system made its dis-
mantling strategically inevitable, writes Gaidar. However, this had
no direct bearing on the short-term and acute problems created by
the drop in oil prices. The outlook is not that much different for
Russia today.
Its true that since coming to power in 2000, Putin has managed
to balance the national budget and put Russia on a more modern
footing; many of the countrys most important corporations are now
traded on international stock exchanges. Yet it is still in many ways
an inefcient, low-productivity, command economy. The $51 billion
spent on Sochi came mostly from oligarchic rms following Putins
orders. Natural gas monopoly Gazprom, for example, dutifully spent
$3 billion building a ski resort, Olympic village and cross-country
and biathlon centres, among other projects. Thats money not avail-
able for more productive uses.
Putin, like his commissar predecessors, is still dramatically
beholden to world markets. Natural gas and oil revenues consti-
tute more than half the Russian budget. Even a slight drop in prices
could tip the country into decit. With fracking technology unleash-
ing massive new stores of natural gas around the world, its only
a matter of time before Putins hold on Europe is weakened
dramatically.
Economic growth in Russia has slowed
precipitously, ination is rising and major
demographic problems loom on the hori-
zon. As Ruchir Sharma, head of emerging
markets for Morgan Stanley Investment
Management, recently observed, The Rus-
sian state has few new sources of income
outside of oil and gas, at a time when it is
taking on more dependents. Not only are
there not enough young Russians entering
the workforce to pay for massive hikes in
state pensions, but the population itself is
shrinking due to out-migration, a birth
dearth and the pernicious effects of wide-
spread alcoholism. Life expectancy in Russia is 10 years less than in
Canada.
In other words, the world is right back to where we were 30 years
ago: Russian success is untenable over the long term. When its econ-
omy nally collapses due to market and demographic forces, so too
will Putins global ambitions. Our best defence thus lies in main-
taining the efcient, sustained achievements of the open market
through free trade, migration, competition and limited government
interference.
Of course, long-term condence in the cycles of history or the
benets of capitalism will be of little comfort today to Ukrainians,
Moldovans or anyone else currently in Putins sights. To this end,
the array of sanctions and travel bans announced by Prime Minister
Stephen Harper and the rest of the Western leaders, along with the
removal of Russia from the G8, seem appropriate, if largely sym-
bolic. It is also imperative to strengthen the military alliances with
border countries that wish to align themselves with the West to deter
further Russian predations. This is no time to show weakness. Its a
waiting game once more.
Were right back to
where we were 30 years
ago: Russian success
is untenable over the
long term. When its
economy collapses, so
too will Putins ambitions
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 7

PKPs nimble moves
Pierre Karl Pladeau will make
an excellent politician (The PQs
stunning coup, National, March
24). He announces one day he has
no intention to run for ofce, then,
a couple of weeks later, changes
his mind and announces he is run-
ning for ofce. He had all of us
outside Quebec fooled for many
years, thinking he was Canadian,
but hes not. Hes just another sep-
aratist chasing a dying dream. Yes
indeed, PKP will make an excel-
lent politician.
Mike St. Louis, Ottawa
So the PQ is beginning the separa-
tist dance again. Enough of this!
Stop the music and let the part-
ner leave the dance oor.
Kurt Tischler, Beaver Creek, Sask.
So Pierre Karl Pladeau is now
leading the sovereignty charge
in Quebec. I expected that an
intelligent, successful, big-busi-
ness type like that would know
better. Quebecs economy would
crash and burn if Quebec were to
become an independent coun-
try, while the imperious multi-
millionaire PKP will be ne, still
living the high life. Quebecers
shouldnt let themselves be mis-
led by a bunch of people who
are nancially secure and have
little or nothing to lose. Some
of these people are still dining
at Canadas public trough and
receiving their gold-plated pen-
sions and will no doubt continue
to do so: Hello, Lucien Bouchard
and Gilles Duceppe.
Gary Booth, Lakeeld, Ont.
Stoked for Strombo
As an avid hockey viewer, I am
so looking forward to George
Stroumboulopouloss culturally
charged brand of sports jour-
nalism (Strombo night in Can-
ada, National, March 24). It is
time Hockey Night in Canada
engaged in an open dialogue with
its fans and viewers; the time for
being talked at by Don Cherry
has ended, along with (one hopes)
his politically incorrect discourse.
Hockey fans are as multi-dimen-
sional as the players and the game
itself. Women make up a huge part
of the future market for hockey
broadcasting, but so does an
audience that expects to inter-
act with media and subjects in
dynamic ways. Strombos human-
ist approach to a much-loved sport
will give Canadas hockey culture
something else to talk about for
once. I am tired of rolling my eyes
at Cherry.
Karly VanPuymbroeck,
Windsor, Ont.
Profiles in leadership
I enjoyed the proles of the dip-
lomat (Canadian ambassador to
Afghanistan Deborah Lyons), the
entrepreneur (Hedvig Alexander)
and the activist (Sima Samar) in
Sally Armstrongs The Silk Road
to discovery (International,
March 24). These women take
bravery to a higher level, doing
what they do in perhaps the most
male-centric country on Earth.
Western politicians need look no
further for inspiration in attempt-
ing to stare down Vladimir Putin.
David Moffat, Ottawa
Scoring AA an A+
As someone who has battled
addiction, I found it curious to
hear Dr. Lance Dodes (Interview,
March 24) say, When people have
that rst urge, or even the thought
of doing somethingthat is the
key moment in addiction. Hes
right. But who is the addict to talk
to at that time to help him or her
determine the cause or instan-
ces when those urges come upon
them? Am I able to call Dodes at
3:00 a.m. and talk to him? Prob-
ably not, but I know I can phone
my sponsor and learn how to live
without my addiction. Further-
more, nowhere in the book Alco-
holics Anonymous does it say not
to take doctor-prescribed medi-
cine. In fact, it states that many
people are necessary to help in
recovery, including doctors, etc.
What works for others I cannot
say, but if it keeps an addict from
drinking or using, go for it. I am
an alcoholic who has been sober
for eight years, six months and
eight daysby the grace of God
and AA.
Anonymous, Rossburn, Man.
My father smoked two packs a
day. One day he decided to quit
and never smoked a cigarette
again. He owned a bar and got
in the habit of drinking every
day. At age 75, he was told by his
doctor to quit drinking. He quit
that day. He still went to the bar
with his friends and entertained
at home, but never had a drink
again. My father always said you
dont need any 12-step program;
you just need the desire and the
willpower. Its all mind over mat-
ter. You have to want to change,
be willing and have the guts to
tough it out.
Maryann Baarts-Matson,
Thunder Bay, Ont.
Ukraine, un-united
A great weakness of the Western
policy-makers is their perception
of the world as a dichotomy. Your
March 17 editorial argues that
Vladimir Putins actions in Cri-
mea are shameful, so his adver-
saries must be good guys, a.k.a.
a nascent pro-Western govern-
ment deserving our help. Really?
How about a group of people that
came to power by overthrowing
an elected president, and are
This Week
I am so looking forward to
Strombos culturally charged brand
of sports journalism. I am tired
of rolling my eyes at Don Cherry.
Karly VanPuymbroeck, Windsor, Ont.
L E T T E R S
8 A P R I L 1 4 , 2 0 1 4

can only assume she is going for
shock factor to raise awareness
of an issue she feels passionate
about, but these comparisons
are so over the top, they fall noth-
ing short of shameful; they
belittle unspeakable horrors and
loss felt by many of your read-
ers. You cannot compare the raid
of an illegal bathhouse resulting
in an arrest of homosexuals to
the slaughter of millions and the
sacrice of war. To do so brings
up significant questions of
judgment.
Petara Panabaker, Alberta
TV gone down the tube
For several years, I have been
disturbed by the continual vio-
lence and sexual scenes that are
always available on our TV
(Blood on their hands, TV,
March 10). Even the advertise-
ments are sometimes sexual or
violent. Jaime J. Weinman notes,
Viewers simply dont worry
much about violence, compared
to nudity. I disagree. What the
viewers feel, as I do, is that there
is absolutely nothing the public
can do about it, so they just turn
off the programs they do not
want to watch. I am sure parents
cant always monitor what their
children and teens are watching.
There is also more swearing on
news broadcasts than there was
even a few years ago. This whole
thing is so sad and alarming.
Sylvia Williams, Summerland, B.C.
The wrong Butt
Macleans mistakenly reported
that Brent Butt, distinguished
comic and creator of the sitcom
Corner Gas, was responsible for
the telling of tall tales in Par-
liament (Rocking the vote,
National, March 24). The speaker
was Conservative Brad Butt, MP
for Mississauga-Streetsville.
Chris Hill, Mississauga, Ont.
parade, in complete disregard for
the law (The naked truth about
baring it all, Emma Teitel, March
24). I am all for gay rights, but
those actions go too far. Do those
few marchers have any idea how
many others are turned off and
disgusted by their actions, or
are they just exhibitionists who
simply do not care? As for Teitel,
who benets from the evolution
of gay rights, I suggest that rather
than owing almost everything
to those few gay men, she should
look to all the progress that has
been made on this issue through
education. Toronto, and indeed
Canada, is a much more toler-
ant and accepting nation now
than it was just a few years ago,
but I, for one, draw the line at
accepting men aunting their
freedom in public.
Mary Jane Huntley, Kingston, Ont.
First Emma Teitel compares per-
ceived mistreatment of homo-
sexuals during the Sochi Olym-
pics to the genocide of Jews in
the Holocaust (Skills will not
save us from hatred, Feb. 24),
and now the aunting of nudity
at the Toronto gay Pride parade
to veterans wearing a poppy. I
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nowin desperate economic cir-
cumstancesseeking help wher-
ever they can? This group, whose
legitimacy to the West has been
created, ironically, by Putin him-
self, includes far-right members
who are at least as distasteful as
the previous regime. An election
is scheduled for May, and the
composition of a truly democratic
government remains to be seen,
taking into account the genuinely
pro-Russian sympathies of half
the country. Calling for Ukraines
fast-tracked entry into NATO
benefits neither NATO nor
Ukraine, but merely spooks Putin.
Dear Western governments: Dont
rush; you will regret it.
Alexander Kheifets,
Coquitlam, B.C.
The war of the Wells
Paul Wellss column A too-soft
touch (International, March 17),
about current events in Ukraine,
shows again that he is a superb
political analyst and journalist. In
a few sober sentences, he destroys
popular and convenient myths
and oversimplications that so
many commentators have used
recently. I consider his article
one of the best on the subject.
Peter Petrik, Canmore, Alta.
Paul Wellss column was a waste
of space and, as usual, a waste of
time. Anybody who advocates
warIts time to send Canadians
back into the battle [for democ-
racy] full-timeshould be sent to
the scene of the conict and told
to stay there at his own expense
for the duration of the ght. He
is typical of the politicians and
generals who send their young
recruits into battle, but stay well
hidden behind the scenes. If Mac-
leans decides to send him into
Ukraine for as long as the conict
lasts, Ill be willing to contribute
$500 toward his stay.
Frank Martens,
Summerland, B.C.
Conservative laugh riot
There is nothing more fascinating
that reading about a group of con-
servatives at a get-together (The
right state of mind, National,
March 17). It was an LOL moment
when Jason Kenney talked about
the left being opposed to har-
vesting our natural resources in
an environmentally responsible
way. Is he serious? The Conserva-
tive party and big business have a
record of putting prot rst. Also
fascinating is their penchant for
getting together to bash average
Canadians who work in union-
ized jobs. Treasury Board Presi-
dent Tony Clement ponticated
about the public sector union
movement protecting its own
perks and interests. I nd this
entertaining coming from a pol-
itician who has extensive benets
and a generous pension. I think
conservatives, starting with the
politicians, should begin to walk
the talk. Lets start with their pen-
sions. Then I would be interested
in listening to them talk about
union reform.
Dee Bailey, Calgary
Streaking, the whole truth
I cannot imagine a sadder or
more disgusting sight than that
of pathetic middle-aged men
marching naked through the
city of Toronto during the Pride
GOOD POINT
When only 61.1 per cent of adults voted feder-
ally in 2011, and when skepticism about polit-
icians seems at its highest, how, in any way, is
it in our interest to: ban vouching for an esti-
mated 100,000 voters, curtail our chief electoral
ofcer in his power to communicate in order to
increase voter participation, and deny access to
documents dealing with campaign expenses
(Rocking the vote, National, March 24)? Our
already democracy-decient country seems
destined to get an even lower voter turnout
in 2015. Its one scary example of the perils of
letting 39.6 per cent of voters elect a majority
government that prevails for four years while
imposing its strictly partisan objectives at will.
Richard Ring, Grimsby, Ont.
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 9

This Week
Justin time
Word that Justin Trudeau plans to publish a
candid memoir this fall has been greeted with
some derision. What insights does a 42-year-
old possess, his critics ask? Well, U.S. President
Barack Obama was just 33, and at the begin-
ning of his political career, when he penned
Dreams from My Father. Who knows if the
Liberal leaders book will be as well-executed
or received, but it will be nice to nally learn
some specics about his vision for the coun-
try. And the prots are to go to the Red Cross.
Trudeau has led an interesting life so far. Now
its time for him to dene himselfbefore the
Tories and their attack ads do the job for him.
What bubble?
The much-predicted crash of Canadas hot
housing market may not happen, says a new
report. The Conference Board of Canada
study suggests high house pricesand the big
mortgages that have fuelled themhave been
offset by historically low interest rates. Even
in Toronto, which appears most at risk, a typ-
ical familys monthly mortgage payments are
proportionally about the same as 20 years
ago. Furthermore, continued population and
wage growth is expected to prevent rising rates
from cratering house prices. Thats welcome
news for a country thats spent the past six
years fretting about a U.S.-style implosion.
Hunting for a monster
America is stepping up the pursuit of the
leader of the Lords Resistance Army, Joseph
Kony, dispatching planes and special forces
troops to east Africa. The Ugandan rebel is
wanted by the International Criminal Court
for war crimes, including murder, mutila-
tions, mass burning and lootings, and his
group has abducted more than 20,000 chil-
dren over the years, forcing them to become
soldiers or sex slaves. Finding him in the vast
and remote areas of the Central African
Republic, South Sudan and the Democratic
Republic of the Congo where he operates will
not be easy. But the world will be a better
place when he is nally brought to justice.
To boldly go . . .
Researchers from the U.S. and the U.K. are
working on a new, skin-tight suit they hope
will counteract the physical effects of extended
space travel. Currently, astronauts suffer when
their spines lengthen and their muscles atro-
phy while weightless, contributing to back and
other health problems when they come down
to Earth. The new compression suits, which
mimic the force of gravity, should x that. And
theyll make space a whole lot sexier.
G O O D N E W S
Redemption: Horacio Pietragalla Corti, one of Argentinas stolen babies, attends the opening of a cultural centre that was once a concentration camp
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Confusion in the air
Malaysias prime minister, Najib Razak, has
conrmed what seemed obvious to most for
more than two weeks: Flight MH370 crashed
into the sea, killing all 239 aboard. It was the
latest development in an investigation thats
been characterized by ofcial missteps, ram-
pant speculation and a startling lack of basic
informationand, for some reason, it was
relayed to many distraught families via text
message, sparking further outrage. How did
the plane end up thousands of kilometres off
course, in the middle of the Indian Ocean?
Nothing the Malaysians have done so far gives
condence that the world will nd out soon.
Nothing like justice
Egypts judicial system was never a good model.
But now its a terrifying joke. This week, a
court sentenced 529 members of the Muslim
Brotherhood to death for the killing of a single
policeman in a riot last summer. Their trial
lasted just two days. More than 16,000 sup-
porters of ousted president Mohamed Morsi
are currently behind bars, and both he and
his predecessor, Hosni Mubarak, are on trial
for inciting past violence. The absence of due
process and basic fairness in Egyptian legal
proceedings should be a global concern. And
Canadians should be paying more attention
to the plight of their fellow citizen, Mohamed
Fahmy. On trial for spreading false news
about the military dictatorship in his work
for Al Jazeera, the journalist needs helpfor
its clear his judges cant be trusted.

A sad spring
Canadians may still be basking in the glow
of Sochis hockey golds, but as the NHL play-
offs approach, our home teams arent giving
us much to cheer about. Only Montreal is a
lock to compete for Lord Stanleys mug.
Toronto is on the bubble, and all the other
Canuck clubs are on the outside looking in.
Its now 20 years and counting since the Cup
resided on this side of the border. High time
for somebodyanybodyto bring it back.
Whats for dinner?
Facing a youth unemployment rate of nearly
25 per cent (and as high as 60 per cent in
debt-addled Greece), many young Europeans
have decided to save money by moving back
home. A new survey of 28 European coun-
tries found that 48 per cent of people aged
18-30, or 36.7 million people, were living with
their parents in 2011, up from 44 per cent
four years earlier. Nothing like an economic
crisis to bring families closer togetherwhether
they like it or not.
B A D N E W S
Natural disaster: Rescue workers remove a body after a mudslide caused by heavy rains in Oso, Wash., killed at least 14 people. Many more are missing.
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Earl Jones
The sentencing calculations for
Jones, who stole $50 million from
clients over a 17-year period, are
almost as creative as his book-
keeping. Jones was released from
prison last week after serving four
of 11 years for a Ponzi scheme that
wiped out the savings of invest-
ors, most of them Montreal sen-
iors. The Parole Board called him
a low risk to reoffend and said his
crimes were non-violent, even
though they did cause serious
psychological harm to as [many]
as 158 victims. Frances Gordon,
the widow of Joness brother, was
bilked of $720,000. She told CBC
that Joness life may be more
difcult out of prison if he dares
to resettle in Montreal.
Mikhail Prokhorov
Soon after the Russian billionaire
bought the New Jersey Nets, he
moved the team to Brooklyn.
Now he plans to move the organ-
ization under the umbrella of one
of his companies registered in the
motherland. While Prokhorov is
no supporter of President Vladi-
mir Putinhe ran against him in
the 2012 electionsthis would
meet the Kremlins request that
Russian-owned companies abroad
be registered locally and pay taxes
in Russia. It may also reignite
Prokhorovs political ambitions.
His bid to become mayor of Mos-
cow ended when a new law barred
candidates with foreign assets.
Justin Casquejo
All it took was a skinny 16-year-
old to turn the vaunted security
system of New Yorks new World
Trade Center into a $40-million
joke. Casquejo wriggled through
an opening in the Ground Zero
fence, climbed construction scaf-
folding to an elevator and duped
the operator into taking him to
the 88th oor. He then climbed
stairs to the 104th oor, slipped
past a sleeping guard, reached
the roof, scaled the antenna and
spent two hours taking pictures.
The guard was red, the elevator
operator reassigned and Casquejo
faces trespass charges. He later
tweeted an apology.
Tony Abbott
In an unexpected nod to Australias
historic ties to Britain and only
weeks before Prince William, Kate
and baby George arrive, the coun-
trys conservative prime minister
is restoring the titles of knight
and dame to the Order of Aus-
tralia, some 28 years after they
were scrapped. Abbott, an out-
spoken monarchist, says they will
be awarded for extraordinary and
pre-eminent service. The rst
went to the outgoing governor-
general, now Dame Quentin Bryce.
Kanye West and Kim Kardashian
When Vogue announced the celeb-
rity power couple would share
the April cover, critics were up in
arms. But the reality TV star and
rapper have some sartorial author-
ity. Kardashian sells her own col-
lection at Sears, though she
favours designers such as Calvin
Klein, while West recently unveiled
his second collaboration with
French brand A.P.C. West will be
just the second African-American
male to grace the cover. First up
was basketball superstar Lebron
James, who posed with model
Gisele Bndchen back in 2008.
N E W S M A K E R S
Jump: Michelle Obama, on a trip to China with daughters Malia and Sasha, showed her skipping skills in Xian, home to the Terracotta Army
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Girls can change the world but they cant do it without you. Please
join Plan Canadas Because I am a Girl initiative to support girls
rights in the developing world and help break the cycle of poverty.
Visit becauseiamagirl.ca to donate.
Charitable registration number: 11892 8993 RR0001

This Week
T H E C O L U M N I S T S
Amiel on why the Supreme Court was wrong to reject Marc Nadon, and
Teitel on why Canadians deserve to drink long into the night
If I were Stephen Harper,
which some of my less sup-
portive readers might say I
already am, though I can
assure you that I dress on
the other sidebut if I were
Stephen Harper, I would tell our Supreme
Court to go stuff it.
Then I would clarify Sections 5 and 6 of the
Supreme Court Act listing eligibility require-
ments for Quebec judges which, being within
the purview of the executive, would be passed
by Parliament if the government laid on the
whip. Once done, the court would be unable
to pull off last weeks sleight of hand justify-
ing the rejection of Stephen Harpers appoint-
ment of Mr. Marc Nadon to its bench.
The relevant sections of the Supreme Court
Act say in ss.5 that any person may be
appointed a judge who is or has been . . . a
barrister or advocate of at least 10 years stand-
ing at the bar of a province and, in the fol-
lowing ss.6, that three of [those] judges shall
be appointed from among . . . the advocates
of Quebec . . . Nadon, an advocate at the bar
of Quebec for more than 10 years, is clearly
eligible. To frustrate this, the Supreme Court
held that from among has temporal mean-
ing, which translates to say its okay not to
be a current member of the bar for the pur-
poses of Section 5 but not okay for Section 6.
The linguistic somersaults the judgment
makes to parse from among to mean some-
thing else reminds me of U.S. president Clin-
tons parsing of is to the grand jury inves-
tigating his statements about sexual relations
with Monica Lewinsky.
It depends on what the meaning of the
word is is, explained Clinton. If theif
heif is means is and never has been, that
is notthat is one thing. If it means there is
none, that was a completely true statement.
Bills obfuscations would be at home with our
Supreme Court.
As sole dissenter, Justice Moldaver wrote
that this interpretation of from among is
an absurdity . . . cherry-picking . . . is to rewrite
history. Id add its also unconstitutional.
To have different rules for appointing judges
to the same court runs smack into Charter
rights. Nadon was judicially mugged or, as
the Americans say, Borked.
The battleeld here is not between right-
wing and left-wing, but between people who
largely endorse the essential
virtues of a free society and
people who, by and large,
endorse a statist one. There
are left- and right-wing stat-
ists although, in the past 40
years, the left-wing has been
most active.The great con-
stitutional lawyer, Edward
Dicey, believed courts should seek to dis-
cover not what ought to be, but what is the
law. Today, Dicey is considered a pain in the
neck by judicial activists who want to make
law rather than interpret it.
When the current Supreme Court gets
something right, it is often for the wrong rea-
sons. On March 20, they rejected the govern-
ments attempt to change the early parole
laws for non-violent offendersa welcome
rejection. They wrote that changing parole
laws retrospectively (it should have said retro-
actively) was to punish offenders in prison
twice because they were serving sentences
with the expectation of an earlier releasea
situation they compared to double jeopardy.
B A R B A R A A M I E L
MARC NADON
WAS JUDICIALLY
MUGGED
But changing parole laws is not double pun-
ishment. It is simply unfair, as is most retro-
active legislation that changes rules in the
middle of the game.
For a primer on this courts mindset, read
the judgment in the 2012 case R. v. Ipeelee
involving two Aboriginals separately con-
victed of numerous violent crimes, including
violent sexual assaults. Both fuelled their
crimes by alcohol. One was diagnosed as a
sexual sadist incapable of refraining from
alcohol and drug use and the other as a sig-
nicant risk of reoffending if using alcohol.
Each went to prison and, on release, was put
on long-term supervision orders, which they
broke by becoming intoxicated again. For
this, they were sentenced to three years and
one year, respectively. Both appealed, one
successfully, on grounds their Aboriginal
status had not been taken into account.
While there may have
been merit in a successful
appeal, it did not lie in cit-
ing Aboriginal status. Yes,
Aboriginal offenders are
vastly overrepresented in the
prison population. It is com-
mon sense that substance
abuse and other rehabilita-
tion programs should accompany prison terms.
It is a fact that many Aboriginals grow up in
dreadful circumstances. But these socio-eco-
nomic problems are separate from the priority
of protecting communitiesincluding Aborig-
inal onesfrom violence. Justice cannot have
a different set of sentencing rules for different
classes of people, any member of which may
have had an awful childhood.
The Supreme Court tried to explain this
sentencing disparity by reference to the his-
tory of colonialism, displacement . . . etc.
They cited abuses in the 1940s when the U.S.
Army built a pipeline through Aboriginal
lands and the devastating intergenerational
effects of the collective experiences of Aborig-
ITS LIKE TAKING THE
HOLOCAUST INTO
ACCOUNT FOR JEWISH
OFFENDERS THREE
GENERATIONS REMOVED
1 4 A P R I L 1 4 , 2 0 1 4

inal peoples. This is like taking the Holocaust
into account for Jewish offenders three gen-
erations removed from it.
Justice wears a blindfold to signify all before
it merit equal treatment: rich, poor, white,
Aboriginal. In Animal Farm, George Orwells
governing pigs change their credo of all ani-
mals are equal to some animals are more
equal than others. I suspect Mr. Nadon might
not agree with this refocusing of justice by
Orwells ruling pigs. And Im dead sure the
social engineers of our Supreme Court sus-
pected he wouldnt.
I dont know whether Nadon would have
been a good or bad judge. He believes strongly
in the High Court of Parliament and has made
this clear in his judgments. That position is
not popular in Ottawas judicial circle. To
argue here for such elementary notions as
equality before the law, sovereignty of the
High Court of Parliament, judges as inter-
preters rather than legislators, is shaming.
Something terrible has infected the law that
I once so revered. To borrow from Edmond
Rostands Cyrano: Meseemed I saw a slug
crawl slavering oer a owers petals.
Have a comment to share?
barbara.amiel@macleans.rogers.com
and bronze on the surveys corresponding
uncool list. Where did we rank? In fourth,
right behind them. Thats right: so uncool are
Canadians that we failed to place in the top
three on the uncool lista distinction that
could have been at least, ironically cool, in a
hipster sort of way. When the survey results
were released, Badoos director of marketing,
Lloyd Price, told Reuters that America ranked
coolest because its celebrities are the most
well-known internation-
ally. The uncool countries,
he argued, just didnt have
enough star power to make
the cut. (Justin Bieber may
be universally recognizable
but he is not, contrary to his
recent Instagram activity,
the modern James Dean.)
Price was probably right to an extent, but
there may be another reason behind Can-
adas perceived lack of cool; one that has little
to do with a dearth of world superstars, and
a lot to do with our bars. The great cities of
the worlds coolest countries do not sleep.
Most of our cities, however, are in bed by
2:30 a.m., thanks to last call liquor laws
that dictate the annoyingly early hour at
which a licensed establishment must stop
serving booze. In metropolises like New York
City, Tel Aviv and Hong Kong, nightlife
doesnt adhere to an early-to-bed bar curfew.
But in many of Canadas urban centrescit-
ies like Toronto, Calgary and Halifaxit is
nearly impossible to party at a licensed estab-
lishment in the middle of the night. There
are some exceptions to this rule of institu-
tionalized lameness, including Newfound-
land where last call is 3 a.m., ditto for Van-
couver and Montreal; Montreals mayor
would like to see drinking hours extended to
6 a.m. (Quebec may have its fair share of
highly uncool cultural markers: xenophobia,
voter suppression, Just for Laughs gags. But
at least its people know how to party.)
Hopefully soon, Toronto, Calgary and
Edmonton will follow suit. In late February,
Alberta relaxed its last-call rules for the Sochi
Olympic mens gold-medal hockey nal,
enabling Albertans to watch the game at a
bar in the early hours of the morning. Toronto
did the same thing under Section 62 of the
Liquor Licence Act, which permits the city
to extend the hours of [alcohol] sale during
events of municipal, provincial, national or
international signicance. None of the cit-
ies self-destructed as a result.
Police in Calgary and Edmonton werent
overwhelmed with outbreaks of crime when
Albertans walked out of their bars drunk and
happy after Canada beat Sweden in the gold-
medal game. In fact, so successful was the
temporary liquor law relaxation in Alberta,
for businesses and patrons alike, that prov-
incial Finance Minister Doug Horner said
hed work with Alberta Gaming and Liquor
Corp. to review the law. This is exactly what
Jeff Tchadjeu and Chris Spoke, two Toronto
activists, would like to see occur in Canadas
largest city, where theyve started LastCallTO,
an online movement and
petitionwith 4,000 signa-
tures and countingadvo-
cating for a 4 a.m. last-call
time in Toronto. Tchadjeu
argues that a later last call
would likely prevent binge
drinking because rowdy bar
patrons would feel less pres-
sure to overindulge before the 2 a.m. marker,
and illegal after-hours venuesmany rife with
hard drug usewould wane in popularity. (In
2012, Fredericton bar owners complained
that the citys 2 a.m. hard cut-off was pure
chaos, because patrons would pour into the
streets all at once, wasted.) If New York City
isnt falling apart, says Tchadjeu, I dont
see why Toronto would.
It wouldnt, because time of nightor
dayis irrelevant where inebriated hooligan-
ism is concerned. The Vancouver hockey
riots of 2011 broke out well before midnight
and, according to police lings, Toronto
Mayor Rob Ford (who opposes LastCallTO)
smoked what looked like crack with known
drug dealers in the middle of the afternoon
on Family Day last year. Those opposed to
later last-call times, including Andrew Murie,
the CEO of Mothers Against Drunk Driving,
believe that later legal drinking hours may
contribute to increased incidents of impaired
driving (70 per cent of people charged with
impaired driving offend shortly after fre-
quenting a licensed establishment). Yet Sta-
tistics Canada research released last year
shows that Quebec, despite its later last-call
times, has the second-lowest rate of impaired
driving incidents in the country. The cor-
relation between frequenting a bar after two
in the morning and driving drunk simply
isnt there.
Extended drinking hours are, in the end,
completely in sync with Canadas civilized,
squeaky-clean image. We tend to pace our-
selves and were proudly very polite. We arent
a nation of brutish teenagers deserving of a
2 a.m. curfew. Would that our liquor laws
represented that fact.
WE TEND TO PACE
OURSELVES. WE ARENT
A NATION OF BRUTISH
TEENAGERS DESERVING
OF A 2 A.M. CURFEW.
Have a comment to share?
emma.teitel@macleans.rogers.com
In 2011, a social network-
ing website called Badoo
conducted a survey about
the perceived coolness of
various nationalities around
the world. Its results were
unsurprising: respondents ranked Americans
the coolest people on earth, followed by Bra-
zilians, the Spanish and Italians. The Belgians,
Poles and Turks, meanwhile, took gold, silver
E M M A T E I T E L
LETS ALL
DRINK UNTIL
DAWN
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BY KATIE ENGELHART Nina Khrushcheva is the
granddaughter of the former leader of the
Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev. An associ-
ate professor of international affairs at the
New School in New York City, and a senior
fellow at the World Policy Institute, she is a
prolic writer and a shrewd observer of Rus-
sia. Most recently, she is author of The Lost
Khrushchev: A Journey into the Gulag of the
Russian Mind.
Q: Your grandfather famously transferred the
Crimean peninsula to Ukraine in 1954. Sixty
years later, many look back on that move with
puzzlement. Why did he do it?
A: Its a bit of an unfair question. In 1954,
this was one territory. Divisions between the
republics were ethnic and national, but pol-
itically there was one system. So Khrushchev
was moving checker pieces within one polit-
ical system. Also, I think Khrushchev was
making attempts at decentralizationwith
the idea that not everything would be con-
trolled from the Kremlin. These attempts
began after Joseph Stalin died.
Q: What would Khrushchev have thought of
Putins recent manoeuverings in Crimea?
A: The Khrushchev who was in the Kremlin
until 1964 may have thought it was the right
thing to do. He would probably have seen
divisions between east and west Ukraine as
threatening to the Communist world move-
ment. But, you know, Khrushchev was a Com-
munist autocrat. Whats Putins excuse?
On the other hand, Khrushchev post-1964
[when he was ousted] might have thought
that what happened in Kyiv was a great thing.
He may even have been proud. Ukraine is
not a small Russia anymore! Another part
of Khrushchevs great disagreement with
Vladimir Putinas I imagine it 60 years later
is that this is a KGB-type job. Instead of solv-
ing a disagreement on political or diplomatic
terms, we just send in the tanks. Well, I know
that Khrushchev really regretted sending
tanks into Budapest in 1956.
Q: What was your grandfathers relationship
to Ukraine?
A: Khrushchev was from a poor peasant family
in Russia. When he was 16, he moved to
Ukraine, where industry was booming, and
was a coal miner there for a number of years.
Then, during the Bolshevik revolution, he
became a Russian revolutionaryand later a
political commissar. Eventually, in 1938, he
was chosen to be rst secretary of the Com-
munist party of Ukraine by Joseph Stalin. So
he spent most of his career in Ukraine.
Also, Khrushchevs wife, Nina, was western
Ukrainian. I remember my grandmother say-
T H E I N T E R V I E W
Nina Khrushcheva on what her grandfather Nikita would think of
Putin, the takeover of Crimea, and why this will all end in disaster
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ing that Khrushchev spoke Ukrainian all the
time and that it was so embarrassing because
it wasnt the real thing! That said, Khrush-
chev was a Russian. Its erroneous to say that
he was Ukrainianas Henry Kissinger just
did, in a recent article. He did not transfer
Crimea to Ukraine because he was Ukrain-
ian. He was a Russian.
Q: You often play on Karl Marxs famous dic-
tum to argue that Russian history repeats itself
as tragedy and farce all at once. What do you
mean by that?
A: Putin is a favourite pastime for a lot of
Western publications. They write about his
megalomaniac displays of power: kissing
tigers or saving dolphins or whatever . . . a
kind of James Bond of contemporary Russia.
Its a very farcical way of showing him. But it
is also tragic because in Russia people mock
him and go to prison for that.
Q: Do you think the cult of Putin is as strong
as the cults of personality that existed around
old Soviet leaders?
A: To a degree. Putins cult of personality is
still far inferior to Stalins; theres no ques-
tion about that. Because in Stalins time, there
was him and nobody else. In Putins case, its
much softer.
You kind of love him because he is a great
leader who is uniting the great Russian state
that was squandered away after 1991, when
Gorbachev allowed the country to collapse.
In this sense, Putins cult is not as strong or
absolute as Stalins; but it is innitely more
insidious because it gives the impression that
it comes with soft power.
Putins approval rating was below 50 per
cent at some point. For a Russian leader, thats
very low, because our lives are centred on the
state. But then Sochi happened, and suddenly
there was a great surge of popularity. Then
Crimea happened, and there is an even greater
surge. Its very emotional. We showed them
what we can do and dont mess with the Rus-
sians and so on.
Q: Some observers attribute the cult of Putin
to a kind of chronic political apathy across
Russia.
A: We are apathetic. People attribute this
to fear, and I do think fear comes into it. In
Russia, the state is all-seeing and it can harm
you anytime it wants to. But there is more.
Russia is very big and very difcult to con-
trol. Because of that, it has an ideal of state-
hood that other modern countries left in
their feudal pasts. In Russia, ideas of central
power, the great nation, the large state, are
still more important than individual happi-
ness or achievement.
First, we had Russian Orthodoxy. Then
we had Communism. Both times it was the
same formula: In Russia, we are creating para-
dise on Earth for everybody. Now, Putin is
using this formula. And we Russians havent
reformed our way of thinking. Russians are
terried of change. The belief is that change
is never good. You want
change, you need change,
and you have a revolution
and then it turns out like
1917, so much worse than
it was before.
Q: Some analysts think that
Putins invasion of Crimea
will backre: that it will lead
Russians to rebel against the
Kremlins authority. That
seems optimistic.
A: Maybe. But ultimately, when countries
behave this way, it ends up in a disaster. Thats
what happened to the Soviet Union. Auto-
cratic leaders should be afraid when things
seem to be going wellprecisely because thats
when people start asking questions. [On the
day of the Crimean referendum,] some Rus-
sians were happy, but there were also humon-
gous protests in Moscow that really warmed
my heart. Russians are very much in love
with this idea of statehood. But if Putin
becomes an international pariah and heavy
sanctions are imposed and visas are banned?
Well, what kind of great country is that? If
the money goes away, then Putins popular-
ity goes away. You cannot put everybody in
the gulag.
Q: How close were you with your grandfather?
A: Well, I was very little. So I just remember
him as a grandfather. I was close to him
because my sister and I were the only girls in
the family and we were spoiled. We visited
every Sunday and he played with us.
Q: In the early 80s, you gave up your fathers
surname and adopted the name Khrushcheva,
which was your mothers. Why did you do that?
A: In high school, we learned a lot about
the history of the Communist party, the
World Socialist Movement, how great the
Soviet Union was, you knowit was basic-
ally ideology studies. But my history books
never talked about the leaders [who came
after Stalin]. I knew that one of them had
been my grandfather. This made me very
uncomfortable. Some teachers would men-
tion Khrushchevbut almost in a whisper
and never in a good way. It was always,
Khrushchev tried to collapse the Soviet
Union! by which they meant that he
denounced Stalin. I was a rebellious child.
So I thought: Ill do this little thing. It was
also very much a tribute to my mother. I
grew up reading dissident literature. I was
brought up to think critically, even of Khrush-
chevs period in the Kremlin.
Q: You are currently writing a book about for-
mer U.S. vice-president Dick Cheney. Why Dick
Cheney?
A: When I saw him for the
rst time in 2000, he struck
my fancy. I watched him
and the way he dealt with
reporters. They would ask
uncomfortable questions
and he would just shoot
them down, saying, Im
not going to answer that.
And the journalists kind of
accepted his refusal to talk.
I thought: Oh my God, I know this! I know
this surrender to power. But you know, in the
autocratic cultures that I know, Cheney would
have stayed in power forever. In America:
thats it and hes gone. In my part of the world,
there would be Cheneygrad, Cheneystan,
Cheney golden statue mausoleum. For me,
Cheney is an oxymoron of democracy.

Putins cult of
personality is not as
strong or absolute
as Stalins, but
it is infinitely more
insidious
To hear more of Katie
Engelharts conversation
with Nina Khrushcheva,
see this weeks iPad edition
of Macleans
This Week
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 1 7

BY PAUL WELLS If theres a
home base for the Liberal
Party of Quebec, its Mont-
real: multi-ethnic, cosmo-
politan, heavy on anglo-
phones and immigrants, a
place where Quebecs leading federalist party
can always be assured of winning many seats
even when the going gets rough. At least one
big rally in Quebecs metropolis is a xture
of every provincial Liberal campaign.
But the going has not been rough for Phi-
lippe Couillard this year. So on a recent Sat-
urday night, 24 hours after he dominated the
rst televised leaders debateand with about
two weeks to go before election day April 7
the Liberal leader permitted himself a little
variation on the routine. The Liberals usually
hold their rallies downtown or a little west,
in business-friendly precincts where Liberals
usually win. But Couillard convened his troops
at Usine C, a stylish black-box arts auditor-
ium in an old industrial building in the over-
whelmingly francophone east-end riding of
Sainte-Marie-Saint-Jacques. The Parti Qu-
bcois has held the riding, without interrup-
tion, since it was created from parts of two
other ridings in 1989. But Couillard has spent
much of this campaign on his adversaries
turf, so this is where he came to stand with
60 Liberal candidates behind him and 500
cheering supporters in front, to proclaim it
is time for Quebec to turn Liberal again.
Hes been leaning into PQ territory like
this all month long. He is abandoning the
Montreal riding he won just four months ago
in a by-election to run as a candidate in Rober-
val riding, in the Lac-St.-Jean area north of
Quebec City, an area where this born Mont-
realer has never lived or worked, a riding the
PQ has held for 16 of the past 20 years. Soft-
spoken and urbane with a tidy grey beard, a
neurosurgeon who entered politics for the
rst time in 2003 and who lasted barely ve
years before retiring from the National Assem-
bly in 2008, Couillard does not cut a dashing
gure. He offers none of his predecessor Jean
Charests ery oratory. But if a string of polls
are to be believed, he has a good chance of
leading the Liberals back to power, less than
two years after Pauline Marois defeated Cha-
rests scandal-plagued government.
Little about the speech Couillard gave to
the rally at Usine C could explain his success.
It was an off-the-rack stump speech, low on
specics. Its now that we need to make a
change, he said. Its now that we need to
work together and take care of real issues.
Such as?
Economy. Jobs. Education. Health. For
our future, the future of our Quebec and our
young people, he said. And were going to
do it together!
The crowd clapped its inatable thunder-
sticks together and hooted happily through
plastic vuvuzelas. If quizzed on what Couil-
National
Q U E B E C
SIT BACK
AND GRIN
The Quebec Liberals
dont need to call on
their big guns against
a oundering PQ
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What is Couillards signature policy proposal?
He doesnt have one. What would he do in
his rst 100 days as premier? Its hard to say.
He hasnt had to ll in the blanks. He might
have, if his main opponent, the incumbent
PQ Premier Pauline Marois, had not spent
most of this campaign running her party into
the ground.
On March 9, the campaigns fth day,
Marois stood beside the billionaire media
baron Pierre Karl Pladeau at the old train
station in St. Jerome to announce Pladeau
was the partys new star candidate. It should
have been a triumphant moment. It didnt
feel triumphant for one minute. For a guy
who was famous as a tough boss when he was
CEO of Quebecor, Pladeau was visibly nerv-
ous. More than that. He was a wreck. At Que-
becor he had entire divisions of staffers who
knew, if they knew nothing else, they had
better not upset the boss. Now he actually
needed people to like him. It would require
strengths he might not have. It weighed on
him, you could see it. He thanked his estranged
partner, Julie Snyder, who had given him the
green light to run. It was a touching human
moment but it didnt exactly sweep the crowd
to its feet. At the end, when he announced
he wanted to make Quebec an independent
country, he punctuated the statement with
a little st-pump. It was his best effort to give
the moment a little life. The crowd of PQ
activists burst into applause. Marois beamed.
The union-busting billionaires smile widened
a little, and he seemed, at last, to relax.
In fact, with that anemic little hand ges-
ture, he had pushed the entire PQ campaign
off a cliff. Many Quebec voters had appar-
ently hoped they could somehow re-elect a
separatist party without electing a bunch of
separatists. Pladeaus headline-grabbing
arrival, along with that little st pump, clari-
ed things that were so obvious its hard to
believe they needed clarifying. Turns out that
voting for separatists gets you separatists.
Yikes! Marois has tried to calm the skittish
median voter by saying there will be no ref-
erendum as long as Quebecers arent ready.
But of course, if she were premier, she would
judge their readiness. She cannot bring her-
self to simply rule out a referendum. There
is a black hole of uncertainty at the centre of
her campaign. Quebecers have recoiled from
the PQ, not en masse, but in sufcient num-
bers to send it into a public-opinion nose dive.
All of which makes Couillards life these
days weirdly easy. He had planned for con-
tingencies; hes a brain surgeon, after all.
Sources close to the Quebec Liberal campaign
said he undertook an intensive candidate-
recruiting process after he became Liberal
leader a year ago to prepare for any issue that
might dominate a campaign.
As a doctor and former health minister,
Couillard risked being judged weak on eco-
nomic issues. So he rounded up three prom-
inent economists to run as Liberals: Lauren-
tian Bank economist Carlos Leitao, Jacques
Daoust from the provincial investment bank,
and Martin Coiteux, a university instructor
and Bank of Canada economist. A (slightly
eggheaded) economic dream team to roll out
in the event of a battle over budgeting. But
theres been no such battle.
Or maybe the campaign would be about
health care. There Couillard had an advan-
tage, of course, but he also had Yves Bolduc,
a general practitioner and coroner who had
replaced him as Charests health minister,
Couillards direction: The Liberal leader has
been light on policy; that hasnt hurt him so far
lard had said ve minutes after he nished
talking, they might not have been able to
offer much detail. There wasnt a lot to retain.
But beyond the amiable generalities of the
rest of his speech, Couillard made one thing
perfectly clear: He will not hold a referendum
on separating Quebec from the rest of Can-
ada, and Pauline Marois will. We have a
homelandits Quebec, he said. Its the
homeland of every Quebecer. And we have
a country, Canada. We want it all! You wont
take any of it from us!
The crowd roared, the thundersticks col-
lided, the plastic horns hooted. Here was
the essence of Couillards campaign appeal:
that Liberals would take care of les vraies
affaires, the real issues. Its the slogan on
his website and his campaign bus: Ensemble
on soccupe des vraies affaires. He says he
got the line from ordinary Quebecers as he
toured the province.
As campaign messages go, its thin gruel.
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 1 9

and he recruited Gatan Barrette, a colour-
ful and outspoken radiologist who had clashed
with Couillard on many occasions. A health
care dream team. But theres been no health
care debate to speak of.
Or maybe the PQ would try to stir up unease
over a possible return to the bad old days of
the Charest government. But with these fresh
recruits and a few others, Couillard could
have run all kinds of ads showing only new
faces (leaving the many old Charest faces who
ll out his candidate roster discreetly off-
screen). But the PQ has been listless in pros-
ecuting the Charest record.
So Couillard has parked his best-laid plans
and improvised a two-note campaign. The
rst is his emphasis on les vraies affaires. Let
the PQ talk about referendums and the char-
ter of values, which would outlaw prominent
religious garb in the public service. The Lib-
erals will, in the manner of Stephen Harper
in 2011, make a great show of focusing on
the economy.
The other pillar of Couillards campaign
is the rst word, so easy to overlook even
though its the largest word on the side of his
bus: ENSEMBLE. Together.
Under Marois, the PQ has devoted itself
more or less full-time to identity politics. Its
charter amounts to a long list of people who
mustnt be permitted to dress the way theyd
like. Its preoccupation with secession makes
senior ministers fret about how many anglo-
phone university students might manage to
vote. It has one candidate, a philosophy pro-
fessor named Louise Mailloux, who has com-
pared baptism and circumcision to rape and
who believes kosher certication is a global
Jewish plot to nance Israeli settlements in
the West Bank. It has a higher education min-
ister, Pierre Duchesne, who has publicly won-
dered why Quebec keeps a place like McGill
University around, since so many of its gradu-
ates just leave the province anyway.
Whatever else one might say about all these
policies and viewpoints, they certainly seem
to take up a lot of the PQs energy and time.
In his campaign videos, Couillard says the
PQ invents fake problems to hide realities.
For Liberals, there is only one kind of Que-
becer: rst-class citizens, whatever their ori-
gin, who share Quebec identity and are as
proud of it as any Quebecer is.
There is an odd and paradoxical echo in
this discoursethe promise of a future, sud-
denly tantalizingly close, in which intermin-
able debates over right and wrong ways to be
a Quebecer might end. Almost 20 years ago,
Lucien Bouchard transformed the 1995 ref-
erendum campaign by promising voters that
a Yes vote would lead to la n des chicanes,
the end of quarrels. That campaign didnt
end the way Bouchard wanted. A generation
has grown up since then. But the hope that
electried Bouchards campaign persists,
unrequited. The last few years have been
brutalcorruption scandals, street protests,
hefty new rulebooks that set sect against secu-
lar. Couillard is offering Quebecers la n des
chicanes. As such, he is campaigning on
unfamiliar ground. He is taking his campaign
into PQ territory, not just geographically but
emotionally: He has seized, at least for now,
the high ground of hope.
National
Q U E B E C
THE PQS
IDENTITY CRISIS
Openly xenophobic
supportersand
candidatesare welcomed
into the fold
BY MARTIN PATRIQUIN The two parties may
diverge on most issues, yet in promising to
ban religious symbols in the public service,
the Parti Qubcois has a staunch ally in
Frances Front Nationalspecically, when
it comes to the Muslim veil.
In France, the problem with the veil is
relatively recent. When I was young, I went
to school with kids from Muslim countries,
and their mothers didnt wear veils, says
Denis Franceskin, the North American rep-
resentative of Frances anti-immigration party.
Now there are bans on Santa Claus and the
eating of pork in certain schools. There are
swimming pools that are closed to the public
so that Muslim women can bathe there. I
understand the anger [in Quebec]. Its legit-
imate. Any overlap between traditionally
leftist Parti Qubcois and the far-right Front
National is proof positive of that old chestnut
about how politics makes for strange bed-
fellows. Yet, midway through the current
election campaign, the PQ has apparently
decided that treading into Front National
territory of ethnic nationalism will be the key
to its foundering poll numbers.
If you want the charter [of Quebec values]
to see the day, it will take a majority Parti
Qubcois government, said PQ minister
and charter architect Bernard Drainville in a
promotional video for the charter, released
two weeks into the campaign. Drainvilles
cheery stump speech expounding the virtues
of a religiously neutral state notwithstand-
ing, the charter hardly has unanimity in Que-
bec society. Successive polls have suggested
that Quebecers themselves are nearly equally
divided on the necessity of such a thing. Nearly
60 groups and organizations, including the
provinces law society and its human rights
commission, have come out against it.
The opposition seems to have energized
the PQ campaignas has what Drainville calls
the silent majority of Quebecers who whole-
heartedly embrace the charter. Indeed, Drain- Bold move: Couillard is running in a PQ stronghold riding in Quebec City, not in Montreal
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ville himself has campaigned with PQ candi-
date Louise Mailloux, who, in a 2012 blog
post, decried the kosher tax placed on
supermarket foodsa myth peddled by fringe
hate groups, among others: On the Muslim
side, meanwhile, ofcials have removed pork
from the menus at daycares and replaced it
with Allahs chickens, their necks slit in the
direction of Mecca. (Mailloux recently apolo-
gized to anyone who was offended or hurt
by her words, though the unaltered blog post
remains on her website.)
The Parti Qubcoiss slide into what is com-
monly known in French as les enjeux identitaires
(identity issues) has dismayed Jean Dorion.
A seasoned Quebec nationalist and long-time
Pquiste who has spent nearly half a century
advocating for a separate Quebec, Dorion
recently split with the party over its charter
project. Last fall, he published a book-length
essay critiquing what he calls the religion of
secularism and the damage it will cause the
sovereignist movement in the long term.
As disappointed as he is in his former party,
he says the charter was in some ways inevit-
able. Quebecs sovereignty movement is well
into its fth decade, yet the province remains
within Canadas borders. The charter is the
fruit of defeat suffered by the nationalists in
the 1980 and 1995 referendums, Dorion
says. Its like some of them want to blame
people who had absolutely nothing to do with
these defeats. Its easier to bully Muslims than
the federal government.
He doesnt want to use the term ethnic
nationalism, wherein ethnicity or race dene
a nationand which, at its extreme, has been
the source of bloody conict. Nor does he
believe his former PQ colleagues are them-
selves xenophobic.
But its a substitute to ethnic national-
ism, Dorion recently told Macleans. Like
ethnic nationalism, it creates a category of
people one can scapegoat, but with seemingly
rational arguments. The victims are not being
ostracized for their race or origins, but for
their non-conformity with a certain idea of
a neutral state. (Drainville didnt respond
to requests for comment.)
There is a certain irony to the Front Nation-
als endorsement of the Quebec values charter.
The party, which has recently tasted electoral
success in its native country,
was long on Frances polit-
i cal f ri ngesand was
staunchly against the PQs
electoral platform and quest
for sovereignty. Because of
its liberal abortion laws and
general immorality, Quebec
is too fragile and vulnerable
to separate, wrote Roger Alacoque, Front
Nationals long-time Canadian representative.
A member of the Quebec and federal Liberal
parties, Alacoque was a determined federal-
istif only because a more united Canada
meant a more united white race. The PQ under
Ren Lvesque, meanwhile, actively recruited
members of Quebecs cultural communities
to the sovereignist cause.
Things seem to have changed. Recently, the
Canadian Muslim Forum organized a candi-
dates meeting in the Montreal suburb of Laval
to discuss the economy, employment and the
charter. All the political parties running in the
current election sent their candidatesexcept
for the Parti Qubcois. It doesnt surprise
me; they dont want to hear us, says CMF
spokesperson Kathy Malas. Its politics. They
probably have strategic reasons not to vote
for us. (A PQ spokesperson didnt return a
request for comment.)
There is no guarantee the PQs renewed
identity gambit will translate into a winning
campaign. Though roughly half of Quebec-
ers (and a majority of francophones) agree
with the charter, several polls suggest ban-
ning religious accoutrements is hardly a pri-
ority in the province. Drainville himself
recently lamented, in Que-
bec Citys Le Soleil news-
paper, that not many
people are talking about the
charter in the campaign.
Yet most politicians know
how explosive matters of
identity and ethnicity can
befew more, in fact, than
Frances Front National. The party has since
exited Frances political wilderness and has
never been closer to political legitimacy,
despite years of negative media coverage and
demonization. The Front National could
serve as a worthy model for the PQ, France-
skin says. Generally, people try to blame
those who try to promote whats important
to keeping society together, he says. Cul-
ture and heritage are important. If I come to
Quebec, I must adopt the culture, the way of
life. Otherwise, it will become no different
than living in Marrakesh or Paris.
Pleased to meet me: Under Marois, the PQ is gambling its electoral chances on scapegoating those who dont conform with their vision of Quebec
ITS EASIER TO BULLY
MUSLIMS THAN THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT,
SAYS ONE FORMER
PQ SUPPORTER
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 21
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A L B E R T A
How to nance a dynasty
Redfords successor will have no shortage of high-
prole donorsand a massive debt to pay off
BY COLBY COSH The nature
of the Progressive Conserva-
tive partys power in Alberta
is best appreciated by look-
ing at its nancial report. First
you have to take a glance at
the rival Wildrose partys list of contributors.
It is, as the nave might expect, a pretty simple
list of names and amounts. The overwhelm-
ing majority of the Wildroses donors are indi-
vidual human beings, though there are a few
small businesses and oil juniors. But the PC
listwell use their most recent quarterly dis-
closure, the one for the fourth quarter of 2013,
as our exampleis markedly different.
The PCs, it turns out, are quite popular
with numbered companies. Most of those,
if you check into it, represent old Alberta
moneyold by Alberta standards. They tend
to be holding companies belonging to wives
or offspring of familiar magnates. Our ultra-
rich families appear often under their own
names, too; the Conservatives got big dona-
tions, even as ames of scandal devoured
Alison Redfords regime, from a McCaig and
a Hotchkiss and a Seaman.
Thats politics, as it is still practised in
Alberta. But some of the corporate entities
on the list, entities created or dependent on
the Alberta government, seem to verge on
the dubious. Hmm, theres Millar Western
Forest Products, in for $8,000. Gosh, their
whole business is forest-management deals
with the province, isnt it? I seem to recall
they soaked the Alberta taxpayer pretty
brutally on one of those insane Getty-era
loan guarantees. And didnt they get handed
several million a couple of years ago for some
green-energy project?
The Alberta College of Pharmacists is on
here ($3,750). I always thought of the Col-
lege of Pharmacists as a professional regula-
tory body. Why are they inging generous
lashings of cash at a political party? Do indi-
vidual pharmacists know? Do they approve?
Theres $3,000 from the Alberta Civil Trial
Lawyers Association. I guess lawyers have
pretty good reasons to keep the people who
pick the judges in a good mood. Theres
$2,250 from ASET, an analogous professional
group for engineering technologists.
I spy a few private health clinics giving some
of their prots back to the friendly PCs. Credit
unions, which are provincially guaranteed
creations of provincial statute, are careful to
look after the party. The Alberta Beef Produ-
cers kicked in $1,500, even though most cattle-
men probably vote Wildrose. Alberta Trafc
Supply Ltd., which must do millions of dol-
lars of business a month with the province,
kicked in $1,000. And good old Syncrude is
in there ($1,875) because of course it is.
Remember, these amounts are from one
quarters fundraising, though it is the most
important quarter of the year. That is busi-
ness as usual in Albertathough, again, only
for the Progressive Conservative party; none
of the others get a tenth as much grease from
these corporations and other bodies.
Understand this and you have passed
Alberta Politics 101. (Congrats!) But there is
a new wrinkle in the PC nancial docs. Despite
its iron web of institutional connections, the
party came out of the 2012 election year in
the red. It raised $2.3 million in 2012 and
spent $2.9 million. This was hardly an extrava-
gant amount: the party fund had, for example,
burned through $3.4 million in the non-
election year 2011. Despite the relative aus-
terity with which they fought the election,
the PCs showed a net overall liability of
$784,767 at the start of 2013.
The nal 2013 nancial report should be
released shortly after this issue hits news-
stands, but adding up the quarterly reports
for 2013 reveals PC fundraising to be steady,
with a total of $2.2 million raked in. The Wil-
drose, unlike the PCs, ended 2012 in the
black, to the tune of $400,000, and they raised
more in 2013 from their broad base of indi-
vidual Albertans, almost $2.6 million.
Redford resigns: She faced a caucus revolt
similar to the one that ousted Ed Stelmach
National
22

actual electorate. It is quite another to make
this actually happen.
It is not as easy as it once was to run a
smooth, harmonious Alberta Inc. Redfords
predecessor, Ed Stelmach, turned out to have
unexpected ideas about oil and gas royalties.
Redford undid Stelmachs experimentation,
which had caused petro revenues to shrink,
but she could not deliver genuine budget sur-
pluses in a time of decent oil prices, and went
ahead with an orgy of borrowing and infra-
structure spending anyway. Both Redford and
Stelmach heaved money at public sector
unions as a means of bringing warm bodies
to the leadership vote. Both left corporate
Alberta beginning to wonder whether it was
getting enough back for its sterling loyalty.
The rst call on the party leadership will
belong to a short list of charismatic outsiders
who could have it for the asking. Realistically
the list is very short indeed, and at its head
in 50-point type is Naheed Nenshi, ultra-
popular mayor of Calgary. But Nenshis higher
ambitions, if he has any, are thought not to
include the Alberta PCs. His circle overlaps
with Redfords, and he greeted her resigna-
tion with a tirade about how she was a blame-
less victim of deranged partisanship. His
reluctance and bitterness probably leaves the
party a choice of less exciting outsiders and
its own senior ministers.
It is considered almost certain that retired
Edmonton mayor Stephen Mandel will run,
but he spent much of his decade at the capital
berating the PC government for failing to buy
everyone in town a ying car and a Slurpee
machine. He would create instant Redford-type
tensions if he wonthough the party cannot
stop him if he sells enough membership cards.
Meanwhile, the newspapers are batting
around a list of federal ministers and MPs
from Alberta who are stacked up in the queue
for plum jobs like planes trying to land at a
crowded airport. The PC leadership might
have appeared attractive to someone like
James Rajotte when it last came open in 2011.
But now the Wildrose and Danielle Smith
have established the potential for a moder-
ate-right populist takeover, and that will ward
off candidates of this type.
Albertas next premier will thus probably
come from Redfords cabinet. Finance Min-
ister Doug Horner, who nished third in
2011s leadership contest, looks like an early
frontrunner. But he was the nominal creator
of the contorted Redford budget process that
now claims to have delivered a surplus
just ignore those billions in new debt. Failing
to put Alberta back in the black with suf-
cient haste was one of the reasons for the
caucus revolt that did in Ed Stelmach so long
ago, back in 2011. (Note well: Stelmach was
Albertas 13th premier. This article is about
the search for a 16th.)
Horner says he is considering a run, as are
at least three other ministers. They are, frankly,
too dull to be worth listing for a national
audience. There is nary a ski champion or a
half-reformed billionaire playboy in the bunch.
Say what you want about Alison Redford, but
she had an interesting biography, even if she
declined to talk about it much.
The leadership race that put Redford in
the drivers seat, whose timeline was stipu-
lated by Stelmach on the way out, was pro-
longed to the point of exhaustion. It attracted
barely half the nal-ballot votes of the 2006
race. This is another source of regret elimin-
ated by the new PC constitution; the party
wont let the horserace slow to a crawl this
time. But that will not matter much if the
candidates have nothing better to offer than
the same old mumbling about good govern-
ance [sic] and building Alberta. Who among
them can reawaken Albertans fast-souring
love for its natural governing party? Nobody
knows if an answer exists.
Moreover, the rst quarter of 2014 was
apparently a horror show for the PCs. The
Calgary Heralds Don Braid, dean of Alberta
political commentators, reported almost at
the moment Alison Redford was resigning
that the PC fundraising apparatus had actually
turned upside-down, costing more money to
operate than it was bringing in.
If you think the departed premiers troubles
were unforeseen by her party, note that last
year the Progressive Conservatives reworked
the partys leadership ballot rules to prevent
what has now happened twice in a row: a
third-place candidate with slender caucus and
constituency support coming up the middle
and knocking off the machine favourites by
means of instant PC cardholders. In essence,
the brain trust of the party has decided almost
since the moment Redford took ofce to make
sure there wont be another Redford.
But it is one thing for the partys leading
psephologists and intellectuals to decide that
a premier needs the support of the brass, the
elected caucus, and the self-selected voters
in the partys open primary processthe
three groups to which he or she must appeal,
with that last one not quite congruent to the
23

I couldnt get my head around the
devastation.
The accident killed 47 people and at-
tened part of the picturesque vacation com-
munity. Suddenly, federal regulation of rail
safety was a pressing concern. As planned,
Harper moved Raitt to the now high-prole
Transport portfolio on July 15. She was in
Lac-Mgantic two days later. For Raitt, who
was raised in a blue-collar, Catholic family
in Sydney, N.S., her visit to Lac-Mgantics
Ste-Agns church, on a hill that afforded a
clear view of the blackened scene of the
inferno, has stayed with her. Inside, its all
the victims families putting up memorials
BY JOHN GEDDES On the rst weekend of last
July, Lisa Raitt was home in Moffat, Ont.,
contemplating a new job. She had been Ste-
phen Harpers labour minister for 3 years,
but the Prime Minister had told her that he
planned to promote her soon to transport
minister in a summer cabinet shufe. Watch-
ing the TV news in her kitchen on July 6,
Raitt was confronted by the realization that
the transition would be far from routinein
the very early hours of that morning, a run-
away freight train hauling crude oil had
derailed and exploded in Lac-Mgantic,
Que. Im realizing theres a role that Im
going to have to play, she recalls thinking.
of them smiling and happy, she says. And
turn 180 the other way, and theres the dis-
aster staring you in the face.
Raitt has been under pressure ever since to
frame the policy response. One key issue is how
quickly to phase out the type of railcar that
blew up in the derailmentcylindrical tankers
known as DOT-111swhich are widely viewed
as unsafe. In an interview with Macleans, Raitt
revealed that shes planning to get rid of them
more quickly in Canada than it appears the U.S.
is likely to move. An American advisory coun-
cil has proposed a 10-year phase-out period.
Ten years is too long, its just way too long,
Raitt says. I have advice from my ofcials.
They are consulting with industry right now.
Asked how long shes inclined to give Canadas
rail industry to stop using the old tanker cars,
she answers, Less than ve years.
If Raitt succeeds in moving authoritatively
on the rail-safety front, her recovery from a
rough start to her cabinet career will appear
complete. She was rst elected a Tory MP for
the fast-growing Halton riding, just west of
Toronto, in 2008. Harper put her in cabinet
P R O F I L E
Back from the brink
If Transport Minister Lisa Raitt succeeds on the rail-
safety front, her cabinet comeback will be complete
24 A P R I L 1 4 , 2 0 1 4
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She relies on her life history to back up her
claim to having an ingrained respect for
unions. Born in 1968, she grew up in Sydney
on Cape Breton Island, raised by her grand-
parents, who adopted her, as the youngest of
seven children in their household. She learned
as a teenager that her biological mother was
one of the girls she thought of as an older
sister. Her grandfather loaded coal on trains
and was a prominent union organizer, and
later a Sydney alderman. When he died in
1979, Raitts grandmother was 58, so the
whole family held their breath, Raitt recalls,
for the two years until she became eligible
for badly needed widows benets.
Money was always tight. One of Raitts
older sisters ran a Dairy Queen, which was
a welcome source of part-time and summer
jobs. I hate it when people call it a McJob,
she says. For those who do it, its not a
McJob. Its a means to an end. Its a place to
ll a gap. Its important experience as well
nothing like giving somebody the wrong Bliz-
zard. She also remembers how business at
the DQ boomed on days when employment
insurance, social assist-
ance or seniors benets
cheques arrived in the
mail. High unemploy-
ment was a Cape Breton
reality, and Raitt says her
conservatism grew out of
watching the island pin
its hopes on government
economic-development
plans that never quite panned out. This
is whats guided me: I witnessed govern-
ment intervention my entire life and it never
worked, she says. Forty years of failed poli-
cies have created a situation where my entire
family has to think about losing their chil-
dren; no one stays on the island anymore.
Raitt was among those who left. She earned
a science degree at Nova Scotias St. Fran-
cis Xavier University, then a masters in
chemistry from the University of Guelph
in Ontario, and nally a law degree from
Torontos Osgoode Hall Law School. After
working as a lawyer for the Toronto Port
Authority, she was named its president and
chief executive ofcer in 2002. In that role,
she clashed with Toronto municipal polit-
icians and with the Liberal government in
Ottawa, experiences that she says politicized
her and led her to run as a Conservative in
the 2008 federal election.
Battling bad press early on as natural resour-
ces minister proved to be her political trial
by re. It wasnt what happened, she says.
It was the inordinate amount of public atten-
tion it got, and press attention. It made me
realize, Okay, youre in a bigger shbowl
now. She didnt shy from controversy in
Labour, though, cracking down on those
high-prole strikes without hesitation. Ken
Lewenza, who was president of the Canadian
Auto Workers at that time, met often with
Raitt, frequently in tense circumstances.
Describing her as very respectful, very access-
ible, Lewenza, now retired, says her union
roots helped them establish a rapport. Yet he
cant recall her bending on a single issue. She
was open, but she was never, never collabora-
tive to the degree that the unions input meant
a hell of a lot, he says.
Lewenza does credit her with spearheading
the creation of a national standard to help
guide Canadian employers and unions on
promoting mental health in the workplace.
The voluntary code, created by the federal
government along with the Mental Health
Commission of Canada and the Canadian
Standards Association, was announced last
year. Lewenza says he would have preferred
to see Ottawa impose regulations and boost
funding. She wanted
more of an education pro-
gram, an awareness pro-
gram, and wasnt really
willing to use the full force
of government, he says.
But she was compassion-
ate about it. Raitt talked
in a speech in 2012 about
her own postpartum
depression, after the second of her two sons
was born in 2004. It added another dimen-
sion to a political persona built mostly around
inty toughness. Along with the rail-safety
le, Raitt has also been in the news as minis-
ter responsible for Canada Post, as the Crown
corporation moves to eliminate home mail
delivery. On that contentious issue, her mes-
sage, as usual, is blunt. Traditional to-the-
door service is, she declares, just too expen-
sive. Opposition MPs depict her as callous
toward seniors who will have to walk to get
their mail. I think just being calm and rational
isnt a coldness, she says. Its respecting
people and telling them the truth, instead of
a story that pushes off a decision because its
not popular. Nobody can accuse Raitt of
that. By embracing even the thorniest les,
she is well on her way to becoming the most
notable top-tier Harper minister to execute
a cabinet comeback.
right away as natural resources minister, but
as a rookie she soon found herself coping
with controversy. A young aide to Raitt mis-
placed condential documents and an audio
recording, which led to news reports on Raitt
being caught on tape referring to a shortage
of medical isotopes for cancer treatment as
a sexy issue. In his 2010 cabinet shufe,
Harper demoted her to labour minister.
Under this Prime Minister, few have
recovered from such a setback. But Raitts
run as labour minister allowed her to estab-
lish an image as a resolute, resilient politician
in the eyes of many Tories. She moved quickly
to introduce back-to-work legislation to end
strikes at Canada Post and Air Canada. That
drew re from the likes of Ken Georgetti, presi-
dent of the Canadian Labour Congress. But
for Harper-era Conservatives, who often seem
eager to square off against organized labour,
that only helped refurbish her reputation. For
her part, Raitt says she believes in collective
bargaining, but doesnt think the economy as
a whole should suffer when a single company
and a union cant reach a deal.
All eyes on her: Battling bad press as natural
resources minister made Lisa Raitt realize,
Okay, youre in a bigger shbowl now
It wasnt what
happened. It was the
inordinate amount of
public attention it got,
and press attention.
National
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 25


S P O R T S
The new hockey ghts
How obsessive and litigious parents are poisoning the
grassroots of Canadas game. By Charlie Gillis
Kasey Dennis is a rarity among minor
hockey parents, not because she loses her
temper, but because she admits it. Its the
adrenalin, says Dennis, whose nine-year-
old son, Evan, plays for the Winter Hawks,
a minor atom AA team from Innisl, Ont.
Its a team sport. You want them to win.
You get caught up in the moment, and Im
the type of person who doesnt take stuff
sitting down. She recalls an incident last
season that brought her as close as shes
been to physical confrontation at a childrens
sporting event. The Hawks were playing a
tournament game in Richmond Hill, Ont.
She could hear parents of players on the
opposing team calling to their youngsters.
Take em out! they were saying.
My jaw dropped, Dennis says. I was like,
really? Really? The worst part was, you could
see the kids were actually trying do it. Afraid
of what might happen if she got up and con-
fronted the offending parents, Dennis instead
removed herself to the arena lobby, pacing
the rubberized oor until her blood cooled.
Its a behaviour-modulation strategy shes
used many times sinceone with which nine-
year-old players can surely relate: I give
myself a time-out.
Shes telling her story between games at a
two-rink complex in Mississauga, Ont., where
so far things have unfolded much more peace-
fullyminor hockey as seen in a Canadian
Tire ad. The Hawks have won 4-0 and lunch
beckons at a nearby pizza joint. But a peewee
game between teams from Vaughan and Wil-
lowdale is under way on the other ice surface,
and Dennis has no sooner hustled Evan out
the door than it suddenly turns sour. Seconds
before the nal buzzer, a player from Vaughan
shoves an opponent into the boards, and
angry shouts rise from the seats. Willowdale
parents holler over the glass at the referee,
who pleads for calm, assuring them that the
offence will be penalized as the player rises
uninjured. But the yelling and nger-jabbing
goes on and, after a few moments, the ofcial
loses his own temper. I told you its going
to be dealt with! he snaps. What more do
you think I can do?
Confrontations with officials. Shouting
matches between coaches. Actual st ghts
between adults in the stands. Increasingly, this
is a face of minor hockey that Canadians seem
willing to accept. So invested have parents and
coaches become in tournament outcomes, or
ice time distribution of seven-year-olds, that
the sport seems mired in recurring cycles of
hostility, which in the last six weeks have pro-
duced no fewer than three cases of physical
altercations between adults at minor hockey
events. The games behind-the-scenes disputes
are no less rancorous for their lack of violence.
Families with NHL ambitions for their young-
sters have in recent years stepped up efforts
to undermine minor hockey associations
authority to tell them where they can play,
dragging everyone from volunteer coaches to
Hockey Canada ofcials into court over issues
the judiciary thought it settled long ago. Some
families have even resorted to human rights
commissions, where theyve protested the
gross unfairness of their childrens plight.
Together, these cases reect a level of obses-
sion that is exacting an enormous toll on the
minor hockey system. Local volunteers must
now follow lawyer-designed protocols to deal
with problem parents, lest the matter wind
up in civil or criminal courts. At the countrys
biggest association, the Greater Toronto
Hockey League, meetings over discipline or
player transfers have evolved into a kind of
shadow justice systemcomplete with law-
yers, scheduled hearings and rules of proced-
ure. The effects are wide-ranging: frazzled
organizers, rising registration fees to cover
legal costs and stagnant enrolment due to a
growing sense among young families that the
game is consumed by adversarial politics.
One president of a minor hockey association
in southern Ontario told Macleans that this
year, for the rst time, she couldnt nd a
coach for one of her bantam teams. There
were four or ve fathers on the team who had
their coaching cards, says Donna Horan, of
New Tecumseth. But they wouldnt do it. I
chalk that up to abuse. Its not the game and
its not the kids. Its the adults that ruin it.
Of-ice brawling: Some parents with NHL
ambitions have hired lawyers to solve disputes
National
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 27

punches, tumbling over the seats in a low-
rent spectacle that, at last count, had drawn
376,000 clicks on YouTube.
These incidents added to many more
reported across the countryin Canmore,
Alta.; Port Perry, Ont.; and Val-des-Monts,
Que.to create the sense, of late, that the
sport is suffused in hostility. Just over a year
ago, a city police ofcer in Guelph, Ont.,
was arrested following an altercation with
a linesman whod ofciated a game the of-
cers 17-year-son had played in. A few weeks
later, three women24, 34 and 54 years old
were charged for alleged punching and hair-
pulling in the stands of a childrens game in
Lethbridge, Alta. The same month, a coach
and an assistant coach in Amherst, N.S., were
suspended after one head-butted the other in
front of their seven- and eight-year-old char-
ges. Astonishingly, the men were coaching the
same team; they had disagreed, it seems, over
what instructions to give the kids.
Its become commonplace to denounce
such behaviour and move on, as if the game
were suffering no lasting effect. But to grasp
its impact, one need only look back on the
past few weeks through the eyes of Monte
Miller, the executive director of Hockey Win-
nipeg, an umbrella organization encompass-
ing 10 minor hockey associations in the Mani-
toba capital. Miller was caught off-guard
earlier this month when a newspaper repor-
ter phoned for comment on a punch-up
involving parents from two Winnipeg-area
Associations are responding with the few
tools they have, including an online course
called Respect in Sport that urges adults in
the game to consider their behaviour. But
the most troubling aspect of the current drift
may be how many view it as the norm. Back
in Mississauga, there will be no incident
report over the exchange at the peewee game,
no complaint to minor hockey authorities,
not so much as a preachy memo to parents.
Eventually, the angriest father storms away
to his sons dressing room, and the shouting
dies down. Yet everyone involvedofcials,
coaches, players and fansleaves the build-
ing wearing a scowl, and if you were taking
your rst look at Canadas beloved national
game, you might have been surprised to learn
this was something people did for fun. Just
another day in minor hockey? Say it aint so.
Its unfair, of course, to disparage all hockey
adults, because the truly destructive ones
represent a small subset of the thousands of
gate-openers, bake-sale organizers and 50-50
sellers who are rightly celebrated throughout
the game. Hockey Canada estimates that
hard-core troublemakers constitute about
two per cent of those involved in amateur
hockey. But that has been scant comfort to
hockey administrators over the past year, as
the dread species parentis horribilis has made
its presence felt more than ever.
Front and centre last winter was Jason
Boyd, the hockey dad in Selkirk, Man., who
was seen in smartphone footage threatening
to cave in another fathers glasses. Boyd,
who was holding an infant in his arms at the
time, had called the second mans 15-year-
old son a midget, saying the boys stature
made hits to his head unavoidable. When the
small players dad protested, Boyd wheeled
on him, ushed with fury. For a few tense
moments, it looked as if he might fulll his
promise.
He was banned from arenas throughout
Winnipeg for the balance of the season, yet
he had no sooner apologized publicly than
Vancouver coach Martin Tremblay received
a 15-day jail sentence for tripping 13-year-old
players during the post-game handshake, an
incident that also made headlines across the
country. Both incidents served as prelude to
last Marchs brawl during a bantam C tour-
nament in Tweed, Ont., near Belleville,
between local parents and visiting fans from
the Six Nations Reserve. Footage captured
on a smartphone showed a woman calling
an opposing fan a f--king idiot and chal-
lenging her to a ght. Within a minute, men
and women alike were grappling, throwing
teams at a tournament in West Fargo, N.D.
The story was spreading quickly by text and
tweet: According to witness accounts, a mother
from a team based in River East had burst
into the dressing room of opposing Selkirk,
with her husband following close behind.
Words were exchanged with opposing coaches,
and then sts began yingall before the
eyes of eight-year-old players. As tournament
organizer Mike Prochnow put it: The kids
were terried.
Police were summoned, and while they
didnt lay charges, Prochnow, understand-
ably, invited both teams to pack up their gear
and go back to Canada. But back in Winni-
peg, Millers work was just starting. His next
seven days were consumed by the tasks of
compiling witness statements, game sheets
and incident reports so his organization could
sanction the principal combatants. When
dealing with adults this dialled-in to their
childrens sport, he explains, old-school rem-
edies such as heart-to-heart talks and con-
ciliatory handshakes no longer sufce. I hate
to say it, but its become almost legal, he
says. You have a defendant and a plaintiff,
and you have to make sure each one knows
exactly what the issues are. We prepare these
packages that go out to all the parties. There
has to be full disclosure.
Face-to-face meetings with the adults would
follow, and the next Mondaymore than a
week after the incidentthe coaches and par-
ents received notice of their sanctions. Miller
Respect! Ofcials in Calgary announce ndings of a mandatory course for parents and coaches
28 A P R I L 1 4 , 2 0 1 4
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refused to disclose the punishments, which
could involve bans on the adults from Win-
nipeg arenas, because hes worried that hed
be seen to be litigating through the media.
Already, some of the parties have given notice
theyd be appealing to Hockey Manitoba,
Miller notes, so he must now supply informa-
tion packets to the provincial body, and appear
if asked at a hearing, where its possible that
one of the adults will appear with a lawyer.
Still, there is no concealing Millers frustra-
tion. I spend all of my day dealing with inci-
dents like this, he fumed during a news con-
ference in Winnipeg the day after news of the
Fargo brawl broke. Parents arguing in the
stands, people yelling at ofcials. Everything
gets bogged down. Youre so mired in the two
per cent of people who cant behave them-
selves that it affects the other 98 per cent.
Millers ire is shared by administrators in
a growing number of locales. Earlier this
month, in Tottenham, Ont., a father was
banned from local minor midget games after
attacking a 19-year-old linesman as the of-
cial tried to eject the mans son from the ice.
Provincial police showed up, and the inci-
dent dragged on for hours, ending just before
midnight after the weary linesman decided
not to press charges (he accepted the mans
apology, instead). Still, the leagues presi-
dent, Donna Horan, lost days attending
meetings and pushing through the paper-
work required to issue the ban, while her
chief referee tried to smooth the feathers of
the rattled linesman.
In the rare instances where police do go
ahead with criminal charges, the burden for
everyone grows. In a 2002 case that now
stands as a cautionary tale, Grant Eakin, the
father of current NHL player Cody Eakin,
stood accused of threatening during a game
in Winnipeg to break every bone in the
face of a woman whose son played for a rival
team. Police and prosecutors spent 14 months
interviewing witnesses, assembling docu-
ments, disclosing evidence and adjourning
hearings before the case reached trial. Dur-
ing four days in court, 10 witnesses testied,
while audiotaped statements to police were
entered as evidence. In the end, the judge
dismissed all the charges.
These are, of course, the extremes. But
to long-time observers of Canadian minor
hockey, they indicate a worrisome attitude
some fear is poisoning the grassroots of the
game. In addition to a shortage of coaches, for
example, many jurisdictions are scrambling
to ll their referee rosters, as about 10,000
ofcials across the country leave the sport
each year. On March 1, two regional execu-
tives with the Ontario Minor Hockey Asso-
ciation (OMHA) sent an email warning local
presidents that the ofciating pool in their
area had been taxed to the limit. The memo
implored organizers to speak to coaches and
parents about verbal tirades raining down
on refs from the stands, adding: Weve dealt
with too many complaints
of adults failing to con-
duct themselves appro-
priately. If you dont have
something good to say,
zip it! The verbal abuse
of ofcials and opponents
must stop.
The little research thats
been done on referee abuse
certainly points to more pervasive causes than
a small fringe of troublemakers. In a survey
two years ago of 632 Ontario referees, nine
out of 10 ofcials said theyd been recipients
of aggression and anger, with just over half
reporting that it caused them to lose control
of games. Parents and coaches were more
likely sources of abuse than players, accord-
ing to the study, which was published in the
Canadian Journal of Sports Medicine, and the
details provided in writing by some 374 of the
ofcials were harrowing. More than a third
reported being punched, pushed or assaulted
with a stick during games, while 12 per cent
said theyd been spat upon. [A] parent came
on the ice and punched the referee in the face,
said one, while another reported: Have had a
fan pour a full hot choco-
late onto my partner over
the glass.
The survey was organ-
ized by Alun Ackery, an
emergency room doctor
at St. Michaels Health
Centre in Toronto, who
had hoped to gain insight
into hockey-related con-
cussions. He quickly concluded that the
environment of hostility and disrespect as
described by referees has raised the risk of
injury to young players. But he also felt as
if he were staring at an elephant in the room.
This sort of behaviour has become socially
accepted, and Im not sure why, says Ack-
ery, a beer-league player and long-time
hockey fan. I have a friend whose 15-year-
National
Many jurisdictions
are scrambling, as
about 10,000 officials
across the country
leave the sport

National
Still, ghting is not allowed in minor
hockey. And long-time hockey people ascribe
parental outbursts less to rugged play than
the outsized importance adults are attach-
ing to what happens on the ice. More com-
mon than the hair-pulling hockey mom, they
say, is the highly motivated, professional one
plowing tens of thousands into her childs
minor hockey; or the full-time, paid coach
jockeying to recruit nine-year-olds to his elite
team. Many of these people are no less com-
mitted than the hotheads, but when things
dont go their way, theyre as likely to threaten
legal action as to scream from the stands.
Those responses are not nearly as visible
as the eruptions that make YouTube. But
theyre every bit as burdensome, and of that
there is no better illustration than hearing
night at the headquarters of the Greater
Toronto Hockey League. There, twice a week
in a warehouse-style building located north
of the city, ashen-faced youngsters await their
fate while their jittery parents pace the halls,
rehearsing arguments over suspensions for
dirty play or, increasingly, whether their kids
should be able to switch teams. The GTHL
has a reputation as a pathway to the NHL
its elite clubs often offer tutoring with former
NHL players, some of whom coach teams
which has made it a magnet for the countrys
old son referees, and the amount of abuse
he takesthe name-calling, the beratingits
astonishing.
His questions now, like those of Miller, go
to the very DNA of the game. Why cant we
change that atmosphere? Why have count-
less publicity campaigns by Hockey Canada
and its regional branches failed to change it?
Is it us? Or is there something about hockey
the contact, the aggression, the ghtingthat
brings out our worst inclinations? They are
conundrums that have hung over the sport
since the rst indoor game in Montreal, which,
appropriately enough, ended in a scufe.
Ever since that night in 1875, hockey has
shown two faces: the nostalgic ver-
sion depicted on painted dinner
plateskids in toques chasing pucks
over frozen pondsand the sport
that is perpetually one errant stick
away from a line brawl.
To the poetically inclined, this
dichotomy encapsulates the Can-
adian soul: gallant, rugged, in need
of a release valve. Yet that under-
standing has allowed questionable
habits to calcify. No mass-partici-
pation sport accommodates st-
ghting as junior and pro hockey
do, and few tolerate the level of dis-
sent toward on-ice ofcials. And of
the many iterations of hockey that
have sprung up around the world
over the last half-century, none gen-
erates the sorts of parent-coach-fan
eruptions seen in Canada: Sweden,
for example, has yet to supply You-
Tube with a single video of adults
squabbling in the stands at a minor
hockey game, despite having 64,200
people enrolled in the sport.
So its not without reason that
critics so often link ugly incidents
off the ice to the physical contact
on it. Numerous coaches and organ-
izers have told Macleans that Hockey Can-
adas decision to eliminate bodychecking in
peewee last year lowered the temperature
in games between 11- and 12-year-olds. And
when we performed comparative searches
of media and legal databases, we found that
non-contact sports endure nowhere near
the rate of parent eruptions seen in hockey.
Consider, for example, that nearly 700,000
Canadian kids are registered in youth soc-
cerabout 200,000 more than in minor
hockey. Yet a search dating back ve years
turned up only 154 newspaper stories involv-
ing parents and assault in soccer, compared
to 884 in hockey.
most ambitious players, parents and coaches.
As such, its disputes are those of Canadian
hockey writ large: In nearly half of the 120
hearings held last year, players families arrived
with lawyers in tow. A few even brought along
professional agents.
Occasionally, one of these cases turns into a
knock-down, drag-out affair whose reverbera-
tions are felt across the country. Last fall, the
league went to court against parents whose
14-year-old son wanted to play for an elite
bantam AAA team in Oakville, despite having
already agreed to play for a lower-tier team
in Goulding Park, located in North York. The
boy had taken up goaltending two years ear-
lierlate, by hockey standardsand
appeared to have a gift. So his parents
quietly arranged a June tryout with
the Oakville club, two months after
hed signed a registration card com-
mitting him to play this season for
Goulding Park. When he made the
cut, however, he was stunned when
Goulding Park refused to release him.
I spend all of my free time practis-
ing and working with my trainers
so that I can be the best goalie and
help my team win, the boy said in
an afdavit. I just want to develop
and be around better players.
Dig deeper through the court l-
ings, though, and a more specic
agenda emerges. His father had
signed him up in the GTHL in the
rst place, the familys submissions
reveal, because its best players have
the possibility of moving on to elite
designations and professional hockey
in Canada and abroad. The Oak-
ville team, they argued, would expose
the boy to professional coaching
staff led by Sudarshan Sudsie
Maharaj, a former goaltending coach
of the New York Islanders. It would
also get him face time with profes-
sional scouts. [The boy] dreams of playing
in the NHL, the family said in its factum,
and playing for the Oakville Rangers at the
AAA level clearly offers him the best oppor-
tunity to move toward his goal.
The case was settled out of court just before
Christmas: The boy went to play in the U.S.
But it was not resolved before Hockey Can-
ada intervened on the GTHLs behalf, argu-
ing that the player was attacking the fabric
holding the minor hockey system together.
Never mind that less than one tenth of one
per cent of minor hockey players ever skate
in the NHL, the national body argued; with-
out carding rules, and related restrictions pre-
Un-sporting: (above) Parents ght in the stands in Tweed, Ont.,
(below) coach Martin Tremblay trips opposing players
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STARRING BILLY BOB THORNTON
AVAILABLE ON
FREE PREVIEW
SERIES PREMIERE APRIL 15
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the GTHL, he says with a sigh. We have to
determine whether its a legitimate move, or
somebodys just opened up a post ofce box.
Stressing. Starting to blame it on the
players. I dont like that. Its just a game and
were supposed to be having fun. But some
parents can get way to into it. I think they
need to calm down, because theyre not even
the ones playing.
The speaker is 11-year-old Matthew
DAlessandro, a peewee select player from
Etobicoke, Ont., and while he has no com-
plaint about how his own parents behave,
his outlook reects the weight overwrought
adults exert on youngsterseven if theyre
not the sort of grown-ups who get into scraps,
or hire human rights lawyers. His views
encapsulate the sentiments of numerous
kids interviewed for this story by Macleans.
They also echo 40 peewee-aged players in
southern Ontario, who participated two
years ago for a York University study on par-
ental inuence in hockey. When asked what
they liked about the game, many spoke not
of goals or big wins, but of intangibles. The
camaraderie. The smell of a freshly ooded
rink. The alone time spent with their moms
venting players from playing outside their
home communities, organizers have no way
of ensuring a reasonable level of competition,
while coaches couldnt hold together the
rosters theyve assembled. (The North York
team, for one, was left scrambling to nd a
goalie because, by that point of the season,
almost all were committed to other teams.)
The tendency of judges to agree with this
logic has only caused hockey-mad parents
to get more creative. In 2004, a family from
Midland, Ont., claimed that residency restric-
tions preventing their son from playing in
the GTHL violate, among other legal coven-
ants, the Ontario Discriminatory Business
Practices Act and the UN Convention on
the Rights of the Child. That latter gambit
drew a tart response from Justice Guy DiTo-
maso of the Ontario Superior Court, who
noted that the Convention was intended to
protect children from neglect and exploita-
tion, not to govern rights of 13-year-old
boys in Ontario who wish to play for one
AAA team as opposed to another. Yet, two
years ago, a male player complained to
Ontarios human rights tribunal that resi-
dency rules discriminate on the basis of sex:
Girls teams, he argued, which are fewer and
farther-ung, arent subject to the same
restrictions. The same year, in B.C., a player
argued discrimination on the basis of family
status after his parents clashed with his coach
and the league transferred him to another
team. His argument? His parents had made
themselves so unpopular within the minor
hockey system that he couldnt expect a fair
shake from its managers.
Both ploys failed, but the fanaticism driv-
ing them exerts an ever greater burden on
the system, says Michael Penman, a board
member of the GTHL who serves as its legal
adviser. With the constant threat of litigation
hanging over it, the league has beefed up its
hearing process into a kind of shadow justice
system designed to ensure due process that
will be upheld in court. Each hearing involves
three directors, and the adjudicators have all
been schooled by Penman in the ways of nat-
ural justice: All parties must get ample notice,
cross-examinations are permitted and optics
are everythingwhich is to say, no cozy chats
in the corridors with parties who happen to
be friends.
Sometimes, says Penman, even this isnt
enough. I spend a lot of my time in tele-
phone hearings with people who say theyve
moved to Toronto so their kids can play in
or dads as they drive through early-morning
darkness to practice.
Most seemed able to handle criticism given
one-on-one after the game, says Jessica Fraser-
Thomas, the kinesiology professor who led the
project. What they didnt appreciate was mom
or dad calling them out within earshot of others.
Before parents comment, says Fraser-Thomas,
they need to ask themselves whether the child
is receiving this as, Mum and dad are trying
to help me, or as, Oh, theyre criticizing me
again. I suck. You need to be very careful about
your timing, how its phrased and whether its
in front of other people.
Studies such as Fraser-Thomass are of grow-
ing interest to Hockey Canada, because they
point to a link between parental obsessiveness
and childrens interest in the game. In short:
Gung-ho adults may be costing hockey young
players. Since 2009, enrolment in tyke through
atom (ages ve through 10) has slid by about
6,300 players, or three per cent, while peewee,
bantam and midget enrolment has dropped
off by 7.4 per cent. Time commitment, expense
and safety concerns all feed into these declines,
say ofcials at Hockey Canada. But when the
governing body teamed with hockey-gear-
maker Bauer last summer to survey 875 fam-
Frustrated: In 15 years, this wont be Canadas
game, says Todd Millar, seen refereeing
National
3 2 A P R I L 1 4 , 2 0 1 4

To get its message out, Hockey Canada is
encouraging teams, local associations and
regional branches to use an online primer
called Respect in Sport, which is produced
by the foundation started by former NHLer
Sheldon Kennedy and is being made man-
datory in a growing number of jurisdictions
across the country. The animated video
highlights obvious no-nos of sport parent-
ing, from harassing ofcials to using guilt
as a motivator (Do you know how much
mommy and daddy paid for this?). Start-
ing next season, parents,
coaches and ofcials in
all 31 of the OMHAs
leagues will be required
to complete the $12, one-
hour course, while other
Ontario jurisdictions
including the GTHL
have left it to the discre-
tion of individuals.
But Don Cherry recently used his Hockey
Night in Canada pulpit to dismiss the move
as a money grab, adding, the two per
cent of goofs are still going to be goofs.
And even proponents wonder whether it
will work, given how past efforts to change
attitudes have fallen at. One widely
applauded Hockey Canada ad campaign in
the early 2000s challenged parents to put
themselves in their kids skates; the slogan
used: Relax, its just a game. The best TV
spot featured a kid loudly critiquing his dad
while the man tried to sink a putt on the
golf course, shouting, That was pathetic!
as the man misses. Yet the embarrassing
incidents kept coming.
Moreover, Hockey Canada ofcials won-
der whether highlighting hockeys ugly side
could be counterproductive. If one of the
reasons people are staying away is the per-
ception of those challenges, says Paul Car-
son, vice-president of development, do you
really want to put them centre-stage? Like
many, Carson laments what he sees as medias
preoccupation with bad hockey adults, which
he believes exaggerates their inuence. Most
parents are great people, he says. But Todd
Millar, a former president of Hockey Cal-
gary who was pushed out two years ago after
venting frustration with hockey parents on
his blog, sees things differently. For years
now, he says, a reluctance to rock the boat
has stopped the hockey community from
confronting a problem that is now clearly
hurting it. Maybe the worst incidents are
being magnied for all the right reasons,
he says. If we stay on the same path, in 15
years, this wont be Canadas game.
The coach is looking sheepish. Down two
key players, his peewee select team in west
Toronto has just played to an entertaining
shootout loss, and he is quietly pleased with
the hard-earned point. But now, amid the spare
sweaters and sticks in his clubs equipment
room, hes looking back on a decade behind
the bench, and recalling his least ne hour.
It was two years back, in the middle of the
playoffs, and the game had gone pear-shaped.
A controversial call had cost his team a win
and his kids were in despair. So, as the referee
skated past his bench, the coachwhose name
Macleans agreed to withholdpicked up a
water bottle and gave the ofcial a squirt. I
kind of knew him, so hed come over saying
he wanted to explain the call. He laughs
nervously, and ushes. Its not something
Im proud of. I think we got a bench minor.
I shouldnt have done it. Its a bad example
for the kids.
If this was his worst crime, hes in the shal-
low end of the minor hockey cesspool. Ack-
erys referees survey, after all, included
accounts of coaches coming onto the ice to
engage ofcials in st ghts. But his discern-
ible regret, long after the fact, points to a
curious phenomenon among hockey adults
who cross the line. Outside the rink, they
can be the nicest people, says Horan, the
New Tecumseth minor hockey president.
Its almost like they check their brains when
they come in the door.
Whether hockey is bringing out their worst
instincts, or their true characters, is an open
question. But for people who keep the sys-
tem running, it doesnt much matter. In the
last three seasons, Horan gures shes lost
at least seven volunteer convenors and off-
ice ofcials due to parental overreaction.
Shes tried to get her own son and his friends
involved in coaching, but they dont want
to deal with the parents. Her concern for
the long-term health of the game has risen
to the point that shes speaking out. Yet she
holds little optimism that her voice will make
a difference. About the best that can be
hoped for now is that the worst offenders
feel regret, rethink their outlook, adjust their
behaviour. As the rueful coach in west Toronto
put it: You go home and you feel so bad.
You wonder how you got so mad about some-
thing that happened in a kids game.
ilies whod kept their kids out of the game,
the reason they heard most was, Hockey just
doesnt seem fun.
For the stewards of our national sport, that
response is a red ag. In the past, they could
count on about one in 10 Canadian children
registering in hockey, thanks in most cases
to parents who took great joy in the game
when they were young. That ratio has slipped,
as a greater share of children are born to
immigrant families, to whom hockey seems
a closed society of red-faced dads wearing
leather-armed jackets. To
change perceptions,
Hockey Canada ofcials
are pleading for a cul-
tural shift that will make
young families feel wel-
come. We need to reach
that parent just putting
her kid into hockey, or
the one already involved
in the game, and make them aware how
important their attitude is, says Todd Jack-
son, senior manager of safety and insurance.
We need to shift away from misplaced enthusi-
asm to giving kids truly what they need: Fun.
Development. The chance to be a team player.
For videos of people involved
in minor hockey discussing
the problems its facing,
see this weeks iPad edition
of Macleans
Outside the rink,
hockey adults can be
the nicest people. Its
almost like they check
their brains at the door.
3 3 MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E

R U S S I A
The Cold War heats up
By invading and annexing Crimea, Russia has raised the spectre of outright
war with NATOwhich suddenly nds Europes very safety in its hands
BY MICHAEL PETROU In 1989, the American
author and political scientist Francis Fukuyama
watched the once-great Soviet empire begin to
fray and concluded that history itself was ending.
His essay, and subsequent book titled The
End of History and the Last Man, argued that
the end of the Cold War might also mark the
nal step in humanitys ideological evolution.
Western liberal democracy would become
universalized, and nothing would replace it.
Some Western leaders believed that the con-
clusion of the political struggle between Com-
munism and democracy meant that conict
between the Western and Soviet blocs must
end as well. After a September 1990 meeting
with Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev,
American president George H. W. Bush said
a new world order was possible because the
era of East-West confrontation was over.
As things turned out, liberal democracy did
not triumph globally with the end of the Cold
War. But at least the potential for a violent clash
between Russia and the West seemed consigned
to history. European and Russian economies
were integrated. Russia joined the Group of
Eight club of developed nations. Whatever
tensions remained, few worried about outright
war between Russia and NATOuntil now.
In February, after a popular protest move-
ment toppled the pro-Russian president of
Ukraine, Russia invaded and then annexed
the Ukrainian territory of Crimea. The move,
accomplished with stealth and startling ef-
ciency by Russian troops wearing uniforms
without insignia, and local pro-Russian mil-
itiamen, has revived dormant fears about
Russian expansionism.
Prior to Russias invasion, many in the
West believed that history, dened as a con-
test between East and West, really was over,
says Marcin Bosacki, Polands ambassador
to Canada.
Now we see that history is a beast which
can hit you at any time in the shape of little
green [uniformed] people who dont identify
themselves, but are in tens of thousands and
are heavy-armoured.
By annexing Crimea, Bosacki notes, Rus-
sia broke a commitment it made when it
signed the 1994 Budapest Memorandum on
Security Assurances, in which Russia, Britain
and the United States pledged to respect
Ukraines existing borders in exchange for
Ukraine giving up its nuclear arsenal. If you
break by force an international agreement in
which one country gives up a nuclear arsenal
in order to have its borders and sovereignty
secured, you can expect anything.
Suddenly, security threats that seemed
remote or academic only two months ago are
frighteningly real. One of Russias justications
for invading Crimeaprotecting the Russian
minority therecould be just as easily applied
Show of force: Unidentied armed men believed to be Russian soldiers walk outside a Ukrainian military base near the Crimean city of Simferopol
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to other regions of Ukraine, as well as to coun-
tries such as Estonia or Latvia. Moscows con-
tention that Crimea belongs to it because Cri-
mea has been part of Ukraine only since 1954
is a disturbing precedent to set in a part of the
world where many borders are newer than that.
Europe, in short, has become a much more
dangerous place. During the Cold War, the
task of confronting Russian aggression on
the continent fell to NATO.
That remains its job. Whats
no longer certain is whether
the alliance is still up to it.
ARTICLE 5 of NATOs
founding charter is clear:
An attack on one member
state is an attack against all
of them, and members must protect each
other. Its a clause that cuts two ways. Those
within the alliance are sheltered by the mil-
itary might of their allies. States that dont
belong to NATO are not.
Ukraine is not a NATO member. Its conse-
quent vulnerability was starkly revealed by the
ease with which Russia conquered Crimea,
and the absence of a Western military response.
NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh
Rasmussen described Russias annexation of
Crimea as a wake-up call for the alliance,
and the gravest threat to European security
and stability since the end of the Cold War.
This doesnt change the fact that NATO did
nothing to stop it.
Ukraine is, in fact, the second country in
NATOs backyard that Russia has invaded in
the last six years. In 2008, Russia swept into
the Georgian territories of South Ossetia and
Abkhazia and, following a short war, effect-
ively annexed them by ofcially recognizing
the territories as independent republics.
About 25 per cent of Estonias population
is Russian, and Russia frequently accuses
Estonia of mistreating them. It recently com-
pared Estonias supposedly discriminatory
language policy to Ukrainessparking con-
cerns that, as it did in Crimea, Russia might
use the pretext of protecting Russian minor-
ities to justify invading Estonia.
Russian aggression is not only a danger
for us, its a danger for the whole of Europe.
What Estonian people are worried about is
whether the West will take it all seriously,
says Kalmet.
Estonia is one of the few NATO countries
that still spends at least two per cent of its
GDP on defence. Spending is down across
much of the alliance, including in Canada,
even as Russia increased military expenditure
by some 79 per cent between 2002 and 2012,
according to a Brookings Institution study.
Russia fears countries that were once part
of the Soviet orbit will slide away toward Eur-
ope and the West, joining organizations such
as NATO and the European Union. States
that Moscow cant keep loyal, it tries to weaken
and divide.
Russia is dening its security through the
insecurity of its neighbours, says James
Goldgeier, dean of the School of International
Service at American University in Washing-
ton. Its been actively seeking to create
instability in Georgia, in Moldova, in Ukraine,
as a way of addressing its security needs.
The future political orientation of those
countries, and others now hovering between
East and West, is still in play. Western states
have non-military tools to use. Poland and
Canada, for example, will soon announce
joint projects to develop free media and civil
society in Ukraine. And Ukraines Western
allies continue to exert diplomatic pressure
on Russia. On Monday, leaders of the Group
of Seven nations announced they would meet
this year without Russia, boycotting a G8
meeting planned for Sochi.
But Kalmet and Bosacki also believe NATOs
eastern ank must be militarily strength-
ened. To some extent, this has already hap-
pened. Earlier this month, America sent 18
ghter jets and more than 300 military per-
sonnel to Poland and Lithuania in response
to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and con-
cerns that further aggression could follow.
We need more exercises. We need more
strategic military co-operation, Bosacki says.
We dont need a change of perception. It
has already happened on both sides of the
Atlantic. The perception that Europe is safe,
peaceful, and that nothing will happen again,
is over.
In response, NATO foreign ministers vowed
the end of business as usual unless Russia with-
drew its troopsand then resumed business as
usual when Russia ignored them.
Some have argued that Russias aggression
against non-NATO members Ukraine and
Georgia suggests membership should be
extended to those countries as a protective
deterrent against future Russian encroach-
ment. (Canada supports the
eventual integration of both
states into NATO, should
they wish to do so.)
Such a move would
infuriate Russia, which
already feels that the alli-
ance has moved too close
to its borders since the Cold
Wars end. But Russian opposition isnt a
reason not to offer membership, says Jeremy
Shapiro, a visiting fellow at the Brookings
Institution. The more relevant question is
whether both prospective and current NATO
member states are willing and able to fulll
the obligations of mutual defence that mem-
bership requires. In other words, are NATO
states, including Canada, prepared to go to
war over Ukraine?
NATO may be able to avoid answering that
question for now. Ukraines interim prime
minister, Arseniy Yatsenyuk, said last week
that solely for the sake of preserving Ukraines
unity, the countrys accession to NATO is
not on the agenda.
But other countries, already NATO mem-
bers, also feel threatened by Russia. When
I hear the NATO secretary-general say that
what happened in Ukraine was a wake-up
call, then I just think how deeply NATO has
been asleep, says Gita Kalmet, Estonias
ambassador to Canada.
HISTORY IS A BEAST
WHICH CAN HIT YOU
ANYTIME IN THE SHAPE
OF LITTLE GREEN
UNIFORMED MEN
Military might: A U.S. Navy destroyer carries out drills in the Black Sea off the Crimean coast
International
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shares a border with Ukraine, has been central
in the ongoing Ukraine crisis; its foreign min-
ister led EU negotiations in Kyiv. There is no
secure Poland without a stable Ukraine, Pol-
ish Prime Minister Donald Tusk said last year.
There is no stable Ukraine without money.
This Warsaw understands better than any-
one; Poland received more than $154 billion
in foreign aid over the past decade. The coun-
try is a case in point for how critical nancial
backing is to countries in post-Soviet transi-
tion. It stands as a cautionary tale to Euro-
pean leaders who have, thus far, opted not
to give Ukraine the big aid package that some
analysts believe is the only way to end Rus-
sias advances. Europe recently promised Kyiv
$11 billion. U.S. President Barack Obama, at
a meeting with Ukraines new prime minister
on March 12, vowed to stand with Ukraine
but offered the country only $1 billion in aid.
Ukraines new government says it needs $35
billion in nancial assistance during the next
two years to avoid default.
Poland once faced equally desperate meas-
ures. In 1989, it won independence, but it was
liberated in tatters. Half a century of Com-
munist rule had seen Polands average income
fall to just 35 per cent of the western Euro-
pean average. People understood that the
old system was kaput, says economist Mar-
cin Piatkowski, author of the 2013 World
Bank report. They were ready to take a
chance and experiment. In the early 90s,
Polands new democratically elected leaders
initiated a drastic shock therapy program.
Markets were opened, state-owned enter-
prises were set free, businesses were privatized
and price controls were lifted. All this was
painful (some say excessively so). There was
hyperination and high unemployment.
But reforms started to pay off. From 1994
to 1997, the countrys growth rate topped six
per cent per year. Small- and medium-sized
BY KATIE ENGELHART Twenty-ve years ago, in
1989, the Iron Curtain fell, and all was not
well in central Europe. Things were grim in
the Soviet republics, like Ukrainebut grim-
mer still in Poland. And yet, a quarter of a
century later, it is Ukraine thats under
siegeits southern arm occupied by Rus-
sian forces and its economy flirting with
default. Meanwhile, Poland has emerged
as the golden child of Europe: the largest
economy in central Europe and the fastest-
growing country on the continent. If theres
an illustration of how the West can win over
former Soviet republics from Moscows
sphere of influence, its Poland.
A nation of some 38.2 million, Poland was
the only European Union country to avoid
recession after the 2008 economic crisis. Its
GDP actually grew 12.4 per cent between
2008 and 2012. (Ukraine, by contrast, tum-
bled: its GDP fell 6.4 per cent during the
same years.) Poland is forecast to grow almost
three per cent in 2014, according to the
European Commissions (probably conserva-
tive) February forecast. The country just had
the best 20 years in its economic history,
according to a 2013 World Bank report
entitled Polands New Golden Age.
Today, Warsawonce dismissed as Eur-
opes Third Worldis helping to shift the EUs
centre of power eastwards. Poland, which
Uneasy ally: A man waves a Polish ag last
Independence Day (top); Foreign Minister Rado-
slaw Sikorski attends a meeting on Ukraine
P O L A N D
How the West can win Ukraine
The answer may lie with its neighbour, which
has Europes hottest economy
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TRUE NORTH & STRONG. TOGETHER WE STAND TALL.
EVERY GAME THIS SEASON.

R U S S I A
Waltzing a ne line
Russian classical musicians have supported Putins
Crimean invasion, but risk an audience backlash
businesses ourished, and began to crack
European export markets. In 2004, Poland
nabbed the continents ultimate trophy: full
EU membership. All the while, Ukraine
looked askance at market reforms. After its
so-called transition, it continued to produce
the same old products (commodities like
steel) for the same post-Soviet trading part-
ners, buoyed by initially high commodities
prices and cheap gas subsidies from Russia.
Polands success, however, wasnt just
national savvy. All through its transition, it
beneted from considerable outside stimu-
lusmostly from Europe. Most important,
in Polands case, was a massive EU subsidy
worth more than $150 billion that arrived,
by chance, just as the nancial crisis kicked
off, helping insulate Warsaw from the worst
of the downturn. (Another saving grace was
Warsaws aversion to heavy borrowing. A
constitutional clause caps government debt
at 60 per cent of GDP.) Poland continues to
receive EU funds; it will get another $150 bil-
lion during the 201420 nancing period.
Ukraine was also offered aid, but as the
years went on, its woeful productivity and
corruption made lenders wary. As recently
as 2010, the International Monetary Fund
offered Ukraine a $15-billion loan, condi-
tional on reforms like removing gas price
subsidies. But Ukraine did not reform, and
the offer was frozen.
Today, Polands economy is based, to a
large extent, on small businesswhich is
slightly different from Ukraine, where you
have oligopolistic structures, explains Rado-
slaw Bodys, chief economist at Polands PKO
Bank Polski. Today, says Bodys, Poland boasts
1.8 million small enterprises: half the num-
ber of entrepreneur-friendly Germany, which
is twice Polands size. He says these businesses
account for some 50 per cent of Polands GDP.
The country isnt without its problems.
According to World Bank figures, Polands
GDP per capita is still just 63 per cent of
the EU average. Young, educated Poles con-
tinue to flee the country for western Eur-
ope. (Predictions that young Poles would
eventually return to Poland en masse have
not panned out.)
Asked to reect on the rather stark diver-
gence between Poland and the Ukraine, Piat-
kowski concludes that, in the end, the critical
difference was that Poland always knew where
it was going (the West) and Ukraine didnt.
Poland always had a bit of a chip on its shoul-
der about whether it was sufciently Euro-
pean or not, he says. But now its almost
destined to converge with the West for the
rst time in its history.

BY JAIME J. WEINMAN Over the last few years,
the West has heard a lot of stories about Rus-
sian musicians who oppose Vladimir Putin,
mostly Pussy Riot. But the Russian president
has his fans in the music community too, and
nowhere does he have more support than
among his countrys classical establishment.
Soon after Putins incursion into Ukraine, a
number of top musicians, including Mariin-
sky Theatre conductor Valery Gergiev and
International Tchaikov-
sky Competition-win-
ning pianist Denis Mat-
suev, signed a letter
saying that Russia and
Crimea are united by
the commonality of our
people and cultures, and
that they strongly sup-
port the position of the
president of the Russian
Federation on Ukraine
and the Crimea. It turns
out that music isnt inher-
ently anti-authority after
allespecially classical
music.
Some musicians may
simply go along with
Putin because he con-
trols government fund-
ing and sponsorship. I know Russian musi-
cians who privately share concerns about
Putins authoritarianism and adventurism,
says music critic Norman Lebrecht, but
most fear to go public if they want to play
in Russia. Some music stars, however, includ-
ing several of the signatories to the letter,
may simply have a good relationship with
the Kremlin. Gergiev has known Putin since
the latter was deputy mayor of St. Peters-
burg in 1992; he helped the Mariinsky
through nancial crises, Lebrecht says.
Today, Gergiev and other musical stars have
a vested interest in upholding the regime
and a genuine enthusiasm for what they see
as a restoration of Russian pride after quar-
ter of a century of decline.
But the international condemnation of
Putin has started to affect the reputations of
musicians thought to support him. In March,
Gays Without Borders organized a protest
against a U.S. tour by the St. Petersburg Phil-
harmonic and its long-time conductor, Yuri
Temirkanov, claiming that the conductor was a
trustee for Putins 2012 re-election campaign.
An audience member shouted Yuri, youre
a sexist Putinist! Tell Putin to free Pussy Riot
now! And star violist Yuri Bashmet, who
two years ago was made an honorary profes-
sor at the National Acad-
emy of Music in Lviv,
was stripped of that title
after he endorsed Putins
actions in Crimea.
Gergiev, who has the
biggest international
career of any Russian
musician (including
regular engagements at
the Metropolitan Opera
and the London Sym-
phony Orchestra) is
about to take over as
chief conductor of the
Munich Philharmonic.
But the Abendzeitung-
Mnchen newspaper
criticized the appoint-
ment in light of his pos-
ition as a cultural ambas-
sador for the Putin regime, and hinted that
the orchestra might re-evaluate the situation.
The online magazine Limelight also noted
that Munich has a sizable Ukrainian popu-
lation that might not be overjoyed to see
Gergiev in a prominent position.
Some of these Putin-friendly musicians
may not understand what theyre doing wrong
in the eyes of the world. Matsuev posted on
Facebook that he was deeply hurt and
offended by criticism, assuring his fans that
Russia has only peaceful and friendly inten-
tions toward Ukraine. But it could be that,
as the Abendzeitung-Mnchen wrote of Ger-
giev, Putins policies will overshadow any of
his performances until further notice. In
music, even performances of old music by
dead composers, politics doesnt stop at the
door of the concert hall.

Valery Gergiev
International
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BY ADNAN R. KHAN Over the past three months,
dozens of taped telephone conversations
between senior members of Turkeys ruling
Justice and Development Party (AKP) have
dominated headlines. The revelations range
from millions of dollars in bribes paid by for-
eign businessmen, to what appears to be one
politician soliciting the services of a prostitute
to, most recently, a senior adviser to Turkish
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan pok-
ing fun at the Quran. Call it the Turkish ver-
sion of WikiLeaks. All this from a party that
has fashioned itself as a model of religious
ethics and morality.
As this latest drama unfolds, Turks are pre-
paring to go to the polls for municipal elec-
tions on March 30 that many consider a lit-
mus test of AKP support. Erdogan, with his
usual bravado, has called the taped conver-
sationsor at least the most damaging ones
forgeries, and blocked Twitter and Facebook
in Turkey last week.
Turks, on the other hand, are having a
blast. Smartphones are chattering away with
the latest releases; young Turks, who only a
few days earlier were being pummelled by
water cannons and rubber bullets in ongoing
street protests against the AKPs increasingly
authoritarian governing style, have taken to
gathering at private homes, cracking open a
few beers and listening to what appears to be
the implosion of their enemy. They howl
when Erdogans son, Bilal, is apparently heard
telling his father that he has removed all of
the money hidden in the family home, as
instructedbut when pressed explains there
is still about $1 million left. His father tells
him to hide that money, too.
This is just amazing, says Tuncay Kar-
atas, a lawyer and political activist. Do we
need to do this ghting on the street any-
more? Erdogan is digging his own grave.
Or is he? Turkey is no stranger to political
scandals. In early 2011, leaked spy-cam vid-
eos of politicians with the nationalist-leaning
MHP made the Internet rounds. They showed
senior party members in the company of
young, beautiful women. It was election sea-
son, prompting accusations of below-the-belt
political tactics. The usual suspects were
accused: Islamists from the AKP or followers
of Fethullah Gulen, who leads a rival Islamic
movement, though no evidence was ever
produced to link them to the scandal. Regard-
less, the tactic failed. The MHP fared as well
in the election as they were expected to, sur-
passing the 10 per cent vote threshold required
by Turkish law for parties to secure represen-
tation in the parliament.
Polls suggest the impact of the current
scandal will be minimal, too. An analysis of
opinion polls over the past six months com-
piled by Ali arkoglu, a professor of polit-
ical science at Ko University in Istanbul,
indicates AKP support has remained rela-
tively stable.
Its resilience is part of a disturbing trend
emerging in this part of the world: young lib-
eral movements appear unable to convert
the energy of street protests into ballot-box
successes. Turkey looks set to follow the lead
of Egypt and Tunisia: their youth, so success-
ful at resistance and confrontation, have failed
at political mobilization. It just feels like
were protesting for the sake of protesting
now. We stopped the AKP from destroying
Gezi Park but theyve gone ahead with other
megaprojects, says 42-year-old activist Tolga
Baysal, referring to the AKPs plans last year
to uproot one of Istanbuls last green spaces
and replace it with a military barracks and a
mosque. These phone scandals show just
Implosion: Leaked phone conversations from
Turkeys ruling party are amusing activists
T U R K E Y
Losing where it counts
No matter how juicy the latest government scandal,
young, liberal Turks cant seem to mobilize politically
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BY LUIZA CH. SAVAGE At age 72, U.S. Sen. Mitch
McConnell of Kentucky, who survived polio
as a child, may look frail. But the minority
leader in the Senate, and arguably the most
powerful Republican in America, has rushed
head-rst into a bloody battle against big-
money conservative groups that have been
bankrolling the Tea Party movement. More
specically, he has vowed to crush them.
To be fair, they started it.
National groups such as the Senate Con-
servatives Fund and FreedomWorks are
propping up a little-known Tea Party chal-
lenger to McConnell in Kentuckys primary
election on May 20. The winner will be the
Republican candidate in Novembers con-
gressional electionjust when the party sees
its best chance in years of taking majority
control of the U.S. Senate, potentially mak-
ing McConnell the majority leader.
National conservative activist groups are
pouring money into McConnells ouster
which would shake up the Republican estab-
lishment. If he loses in the primary, that
would be a huge shot in the arm to the Tea
Party. It would just be enormous. This would
have ripples throughout the political system
as more Republicans get worried about Tea
Party challengers, said Elaine Kamarck, a
senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, a
Washington think tank studying primary
contests unfolding this spring and summer
around the U.S.
Early polling shows McConnell with a
leadbut primary votes are tricky to predict
because they draw low voter turnout and are
dominated by party activists. McConnell isnt
helped by his dour, charisma-free persona.
Hes too damn serious for a lot of Kentuck-
ians, too urban, and has never been the cup
of tea for about 30 per cent of the people in
this state, says Al Cross, a long-time Ken-
tucky political reporter, now a journalism
professor at the University of Kentucky.
Yet McConnell has vowed not only to win
his racebut to roll back the fundraising
groups nationally. I think we are going to
crush them everywhere, McConnell told the
New York Times this month. I dont think
they are going to have a single nominee any-
where in the country.
Republican leaders, who once viewed the
Tea Party as a source of grassroots enthusi-
asm, now fear its inuenceand their eager-
ness for tactics such as last falls government
shutdown that hurt Republicans in the polls.
McConnell and his allies see the Tea Party
as a dangerous inuence pushing the party
so far the to the right that it could never elect
U N I T E D S T A T E S
FENDING OFF
THE UPSTARTS
The most powerful
Republican in America
has vowed to crush
the Tea Party
International
how corrupt they are but still we dont know
what to do. Who do we vote for in the next
election?
The options are slim. After nearly a year
of demanding political change, Turkeys pro-
test movement has managed little in terms
of political organization. One party, the Gezi
Party, has emerged but remains largely dis-
connected from the bulk of youth voters and
appears destined to fade away in the face of
the much more powerful electioneering
machine run by the AKP. Its strange, says
Ezgi Icoz, a 35-year-old art therapist and pol-
itical activist. People go out and protest for
a few days and then they stop. They go on
with their lives while this election campaign
plays out around them, with all the same pol-
iticians weve seen for years. It all feels too
familiar. It all feels very surreal.
The liberal youth in Egypt spoke along
similar lines following the military coup that
brought down the democratically elected
Muslim Brotherhood government. We just
cant believe this is happening, one activist
said in August last year. We didnt want the
Muslim Brotherhood in power but we also
didnt want this military intervention. We
feel like weve lost control of what we started.
Indeed, control, in Cairo as well as Ankara,
remains rmly in the hands of an old guard
of politicians. How they maintain their grip
varies: in Egypt, military authorities have
resorted to fear tactics, warning of the threat
of Islamic militancy to justify their actions. In
Turkey, its the economy. Despite the ongoing
turmoil, Turkeys economic indicators remain
strong. Growth rates are robust and unemploy-
ment relatively low. arkoglu suggests that
Turks, who have suffered through severe eco-
nomic crises in the past, will be more forgiving
of political corruption and authoritarianism
as long as the economy chugs along. Though
Erdogan and his crew should not feel too
secure, he adds. The political preferences of
younger voters are of utmost importance, he
says. Before the Gezi Park protests, the AKP
was dominant among the younger voters as
well, but that inuence has now been called
into question.
Playing in the AKPs favour is a general
apathy toward elections among Turkeys
youth. Voter turnout has never been high
for their generation. Will it be different this
time? Well have to do something, says
Baysal, the activist. These scandals may be
fun to watch but if we dont act, well never
get these corrupt people out of power. And
then all of this, everything weve done, all
the sacrices and the spilled blood, will be
for nothing.
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another president, says Cross, who predicts
that a defeat of McConnell would be a ve-
millimeter artillery shell to the heart of the
Republican Party. It would blow it up.
The attacks from McConnells right are in
some ways bewildering. In his nearly three
decades in the Senateincluding the last
eight as leader, hes been one of the most
conservative Republicans in the U.S. Senate.
He has voted the party line 91 per cent of
the time. He has been pro-death penalty,
pro-oil, earned an A rating from the National
Rie Association, and opposed abortion
rights 100 per cent of the time. He spear-
headed the successful constitutional chal-
lenge against campaign nance and paved
the way for the rise of billionaire-funded
political groups known as super PACs.
While in many ways a leader in the efforts
to obstruct the White Houses agenda since
Obama took ofce, McConnell also occasion-
ally facilitated compromises to keep the econ-
omy and the government functioning. This
is fodder for his challenger, a 47-year-old busi-
nessman named Matt Bevin. Im tired of see-
ing McConnell talk a big conservative game,
but then constantly work to undermine con-
servatives when it really counts, says Bevin,
who faults McConnell for enabling the bailout
of nancial institutions during the 2008 crisis,
and for a deal to raise the ceiling on federal
government borrowing early this year.
McConnell has tried to be the adult in
the room who lobs some ideological rhet-
oric at his opponents but then cuts a deal
to keep government going, said Steven
Voss, a political science professor at the Uni-
versity of Kentucky.
Bevin is an investment manager and presi-
dent of a family-owned company, Bevin Bros.,
that manufactures bellsfrom cowbells to
those used by Salvation Army Santas (cam-
paign motto: Let freedom ring.) A father
of nine, Bevin styles himself as a job creator
taking on elite politicians.
It comes at a tense
moment for Republicans.
They need to pick up six
net seats to take over the
Senate. Twelve of their
senators are up for re-
election in November and
half face conservative pri-
mary challengers.
Such primary challen-
ges have been roiling Republicans since the
rise of the Tea Party in 2010 helped them
sweep to a majority of the House of Repre-
sentatives. Its a major cause of polarization
in Congress. They dont want to do anything
that would make the Tea Party say they are
insufciently conservative, said Kamarck.
In 2012, Republicans watched in horror
as Tea Party candidates beat incumbents
and then lost seats to Democrats. For
example, long-time Indiana senator Dick
Lugar was ousted in a 2012 primary by Tea
Party-backed candidate Richard Mourdock,
who then went on to lose the long-time
Republican seat to a Democrat in the gen-
eral election after defending his uncompro-
mising stance against abortion by explain-
ing that even pregnancies that arose from
rape were intended by God.
So how does McConnell plan to stop the
wave? First, McConnell has a lot more cash
in campaign coffers: $10.8 million to Bevins
$523,000. But the national groups are pour-
ing money into the race, helping to level the
playing eld. The biggest campaign ad spend-
ing of any TV market in the U.S. has been in
Louisville: $1.2 million so far, according to
Bloomberg News.
After the Senate Conservatives Fund ran
an ad attacking McConnells role in the debt-
ceiling increase, McConnell lashed back,
calling the group schoolyard bullies and
told a fundraiser crowd that hed like to
punch them in the nose. McConnell then
ran his own ad attacking the group of using
donor money to pay for a luxury townhouse
with a wine cellar and hot tub. Other con-
servative groups like FreedomWorks and the
Madison Fund have opened anti-McConnell
eld ofces in Kentucky. Last week, the
national Tea Party Patriots Citizens Fund
endorsed Bevin.
But this time around, corporate groups,
fearful of economic instability, are backing
the incumbent. Its going to show whether
business interests and mainstream Republic-
ans can ght back against the activist core of
the party, said Voss.
McConnell has been careful to attack
national conservative groups, not local Tea
Party activists. And he
has one more strategy: he
is aligning himself with
fellow Kentucky sen-
ator and Tea Party dar-
ling Rand Paul, who has
presidential aspirations.
McConnell shrewdly
hired a relation of Pauls,
Jesse Benton, as his cam-
paign manager, and has opened doors to big
donors. The marriage of convenience was
exposed when Benton was recorded saying
that he was holdin my nose for two years
because working with McConnell is going
to be a big benet to Rand in 16.
If he manages to fend off Bevin, McConnell
will have to face Democratic candidate Alison
Lundergan Grimes, a 35-year-old state pol-
itician, who enjoys a tiny lead in the polls.
Grimes is cautious and untested. But national
Democrats have embraced her; Bill Clinton
has already been out to campaign. Democrats
are hoping that if the primary battle doesnt
break McConnell, it will at least leave him
bruised and limping into November.
Running: McConnell (right), with Republican
Sen. John Barrasso, faces re-election this fall
McConnell lashed out at
Tea Party groups, calling
them schoolyard
bullies that hed like to
punch in the nose
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 41

has been a republic, largely due to the dynas-
tic strength of the Nehru-Gandhi family.
Today, the party is facing a leadership crisis.
Rahul Gandhi, the great-grandson of Indias
rst prime minister, is the partys reluctant
vice-president. His mother, Sonia Gandhi,
is his boss, the party president. The two have
very different styles, with the younger Gan-
dhi wanting to democratize a party that has
long relied on entrenched loyalty. Congress
is also reeling from a string of corruption
allegations in a wide-ranging series of cases
involving large-scale government projects.
Congress is expected to perform poorly. Its
political rival, the centre-right Bharatiya
Janata Party (BJP), had high hopes of form-
ing a majority government.
BY SONYA FATAH In the worlds largest democ-
racy, two major parties, the Indian National
Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party, have
dominated the political space for decades. But
when 800 million Indians go to the polls in
April and May, things will be different, largely
because of one manArvind Kejriwal, a for-
mer mid-level civil servant turned activist and
self-styled corruption ghter whose newly
formed party, the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP),
or Common Mans Party, has built a constitu-
ency from among the marginalized.
Indias complex elections process will
usher in the 16th Lok Sabha, or parliament,
after a six-week voting period ending on
May 12. Congress, the countrys ruling party,
has been in power for 55 of the 64 years India
Kejriwal has, however, given the BJP rea-
son to worry. Although not likely to win a
large number of seatshes expected to take
at most 30 of the 543 seatsthe AAP can
impact the extent and scale of the BJPs suc-
cess, perhaps forcing it into unwanted coali-
tions among six national parties. Last week,
for instance, Kejriwal was making waves in
Gujarat, where the BJPs candidate, Naren-
dra Modi, is the states chief minister (the
equivalent to a premier in Canada). Modi,
who has run a successful PR campaign sell-
ing Gujarat as a model state, has suddenly
found himself in Kejriwals crosshairs. Kejri-
wal has been showing evidence of Modis cor-
rupt business partnerships, misuse of public
money and of the states poor health and
education indicators. What this is doing for
the rst time is bringing Modi down to earth
and showing him as just another corrupt,
venal politician, says Praful Bidwai, a jour-
nalist and political commentator based in
New Delhi.
The AAPs headquarters are a stones throw
from Delhis central market, Connaught Cir-
cle. Their digs are not posha small yellow-
ish bungalow (donated for the election period
I N D I A
A populist for 800 million
How a former tax ofcial emerged as one of the
biggest threats to Indias old political order
42 A P R I L 1 4 , 2 0 1 4

izens an instrument through which to demand
information from government bodies.
Soon after, Kejriwal won national fame
when he was seen as a chief architect behind
the Anna Hazare anti-corruption movement
in New Delhi. A former army ofcer turned
social activist, Hazare became the face of a
large, national movement against corruption,
which is seen as systemic across Indias com-
plex class and caste system. In his signature
white outt and cap (known in India as the
Gandhi cap) Hazare launched a hunger strike
in a large New Delhi public ground in 2011,
drawing crowds of middle- and lower-class
people to rally with him and Kejriwal.
Though the two men parted waysHazare
was loath to enter politicsKejriwal succeeded
in showing Indians that politics can be done
differently. Their strength is that they are
clean, they are new, they are anti-establish-
ment and anti-system and have a lot of cred-
ibility, says Bidwai. Indeed, within days of
launching the AAP in November 2012, some
of the countrys best-known activists had
signed up. The AAP team set its sights on the
assembly elections for the national capital
territory of Delhi.
Political pundits expected that the AAP
would win hardly a seat or two in the Delhi
elections. The party seemed disorganized,
and Kejriwal had none of the political and
business privilege that most Indian politicians
enjoy. His support base consisted of the mid-
dle class and Delhis most marginalized com-
munities: slum dwellers, contract workers
and others ignored by the state. Yet in the
run-up to the elections, almost every yellow
and green auto-rickshaw carried posters bear-
ing Kejriwals face and the partys symbol, a
broom, to sweep away corruption.
The AAP won 30 per cent of the citys vote.
Kejriwal ended up as the citys chief minister
(also somewhat akin to a provincial premier),
ending the rule of the three-times-elected
Congress chief minister. But he proved a far
better provocateur than politician. He lasted
only 49 days in ofce. During that time (seem-
ingly forgetting that he was the one now in
power), he launched a protest against the
citys police and spent a night sleeping on the
pavement. When the Delhi Assembly voted
against a bill to usher in a state ombuds-
personhis partys central demandhe quit.
His unorthodox behaviour as chief minister
likely lost him some followers but also added
new ones.
Still, his partys sudden rise has exposed
some holes in its collective vision. The AAPs
weakness is that they dont have an ideology,
says Bidwai. They dont have economic poli-
cies, they havent addressed communalism,
or the danger of a fascist movement. They
have very ad hoc policies.
The party shrugs off criticism. It says its
after serious systemic change: Our aim in
entering politics is not to come to power; we
have entered politics to change the current
corrupt and self-serving system of politics
forever, the partys website states. So that
no matter who comes to power in the future,
the system is strong enough to withstand cor-
ruption at any level of governance.
It is this mandate that has drawn many
disgruntled citizens to stand alongside the
45-year-old activist and politician. The AAP
has done what no party has dared to do: chal-
lenge the nexus between big business and
political parties, and call out big-name play-
ers. One of the AAPs central committee
members, Prashant Bhushan, a lawyer, has
taken several large-scale corruption cases
against the ruling party to the Supreme Court.
The list of corruption charges against the
Congress party is long and diverse, including
a Commonwealth Games scam, a major coal
scandal, illegal mining and a telecom scam.
Frustration with corruption is why thou-
sands have joined the AAP. For nearly 7
decades in my life, Ive steered clear of pol-
itics, but Ive always believed in honesty and
integrity, says Ramu Ramdas, former chief
of the Indian navy, who became intrigued by
Kejriwal in 2010 and ended up becoming the
internal lokpal, or ombudsperson of the party.
Ramdas had written numerous letters and
campaigned on issues such as illegal mining
and the displacement of people for develop-
ment projects that beneted elite business
groups. Then he met Kejriwal. I was impressed
by his sincerity and his effort, and the issues
he had taken up also resonated with me.
The AAPs headquarters are lled with
people who have travelled from across India
to add their grievances to the long list of
unheard woes. Basavaraj Veerapa, 43, came
from Karnataka. Im working against cor-
ruption, against the political system, against
child labour, against illegal construction. I
sell tea door-to-door and do this in my free
time. Veerapa had hoped to get an AAP
ticket to stand for elections in his area. He
didnt get it but was still sporting his Gan-
dhi cap. Im not angry about it. He pointed
up at Kejriwals photo on the poster, and his
eyes welled up. I think of him as my God
because someone is nally saying all the
right things.
by a Delhi businessman) with a small media
room, a conference space and a backyard
where party meetings take place. A large
poster is tacked onto one wall showing the
black-haired, moustached and bespectacled
Kejriwal in a blue shirt wet with perspiration,
his face contorted in concentration. For the
country, it reads.
An ordinary citizen feels empowered at
the time of elections, and powerless other-
wise, wrote political commentator Ashutosh
Varshney in his Indian Express column last
December. On the whole, neither the pol-
itician nor the bureaucrat shows signs of rou-
tine accountability. This is the key problem
the AAP wishes to address.
Kejriwal hails from a small town in Hary-
ana, the son of an engineer and a housewife.
He studied at one of the India Institutes of
Technology, the local MIT equivalent, and
ended up working as a tax ofcial. He even-
tually became disillusioned with his work and
quit his plum government job to canvass for
a more open political system. His major effort
was a grassroots campaign to develop the
publics right to information. It resulted in
the Right to Information Act, which gave cit-
Man of the people: Aam Admi Party chief
Arvind Kejriwal greets supporters in Mumbai
International
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 43
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With an unemployment rate nearly
double the national average, young Canadians
were hit hard by the recession and sluggish
recovery. Many are graduating with large stu-
dent debts and are unable to nd stable
employment, even as employers claim they
cant nd enough workers. In this, the second
of this years special reports on the job market
that will culminate with our Guide to Jobs in
Canada, Macleans examines the challenges
facing these workers. While its often said
Canada suffers from a skills gap, new research
suggests the problem has more to do with an
experience gap, and that better training and
co-op programs are needed. In some cases,
students are responding by launching their
own businesses, and are beneting from pro-
grams that help prepare them to pitch their
ideas to investors. And with many youth caught
in short-term contract work, struggling unions
see them as potential alliesbut for that rela-
tionship to work, big labour must overcome
the perception that young workers will take
a back seat to those with seniority.
THE MACLEANS JOBS REPORT
The crisis facing young workers
Jobs Report
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 45
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in a while Im like, Oh my goodness, its all
over, Im going to move back into my par-
ents basement in Brighton, Ont.
For Duchaine, the move home may not
last long, as shes already got a couple of
offers for graduate school. But she is also
considering going straight into a careerif
only she could nd an entry-level position.
Despite having worked on campus, includ-
ing a year as an executive for Queens Alma
Mater Society, where she managed dozens
BY JOSH DEHAAS For students like Isabelle
Duchaine, in the nal stretch of their post-
secondary educations, this is a difcult time
of the year. When youre down to the last
few weeks of school plus exams, youre not
just looking for a job, says the Queens Uni-
versity history and political studies major,
youre looking for a place to live for the next
year, a new city, thinking about all the rela-
tionships youre leaving behind and reect-
ing on where youre going next. Every once
of volunteers and liaised with administrators,
Duchaine hasnt gotten any interviews for
the government jobs and internships shes
applied to so far. She isnt sure shes even
qualied, considering the lists of demands
shes seeing in online job ads. Most of them
say two to three years of relevant work experi-
ence, she says. A lot of the work shes done
seems relevant but she doesnt have multiple
years of full-time job experience. In fact, given
the hard and soft skills employers have asked
S K I L L S G A P
Are you experienced?
New grads face demands for up to ve years experience for so-called entry-level
jobs. How a lack of on-the-job training is hurting young workers.
The right stuf: Employers say they can teach
young workers hard skills, but want people who
are already prepared for the working environment
Jobs Report
46 A P R I L 1 4 , 2 0 1 4
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scmanational.ca
!he feld of suly chain nanaqenenL has becone
increasinqly sohisLicaLed, involvinq qreaLer skills
and knowledqe Lhan ever before. lnLeqraLed,
sLraLeqic, oeraLinq effcienLly on a qlobal layinq
feld, Lhe suly chain funcLion is a key conLribuLor
Lo business success.
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reach. !o Lhis end, Lhe Purchasinq ManaqenenL
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u LoqisLics AssociaLion Canada (SCL} joined forces
Lo creaLe Lhe robusL, hiqhly focused Suly Chain
ManaqenenL AssociaLion (SCMA}.
!his new enLiLy rovides educaLion, a LrusLed
Canadian PMl, neLworkinq, advocacy and research.
lL is also Lhe only associaLion LhaL offers Lhe Suly
Chain ManaqenenL Professional (SCMP} roqran
and desiqnaLion.
For Lhe new SCMA and all Lhe suly chain
nanaqenenL rofessionals who lay an invaluable
arL in Lhe success of Lheir orqanizaLions in
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Announcinq Lhe
newly forned Suly
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forknowledge of statistical modelling soft-
ware, HTML, writing policy briefs and experi-
ence working in teamsit might seem
Duchaine is yet another victim of the so-called
skills gap. As a student, particularly in the
arts, youre writing papers that are 15 to 20
pages and those arent the skill sets that
employers are looking for.
Sophie Borwein, a researcher with the prov-
incially funded Higher Education Quality
Council of Ontario, is trying to cut through
the noise around Canadas skills-gap debate
by studying what types of skills employers
are actually looking for in new graduates.
What shes found is that the problem facing
Canadas economy isnt a lack of skills so
much as an experience gap.
The notion of Canada facing a skills gap,
in which unemployed workers say theyre
desperate for work and employers respond
that theyd be happy to hire new graduates
if only they had the right skills, is deeply
entrenched. Jason Kenney, federal minister
of employment, has been particularly vocal
on the topic while travelling through Eur-
ope this winter studying foreign skills-train-
ing programs.
However Borweins project, in which shes
tallied up the demands made by employers
in job advertisements posted in the entry-
level sections of three major Canadian
career websites, is eye-opening. Preliminary
results show that many employers ask for
soft skills like oral communication, but more
interesting to her is that most demand two,
three or even ve years of work experience.
Wal-Mart Canada, for example, was looking
for a search marketing analyst who was both
entry-level and had ve years of experi-
ence, a seemingly impossible demand for
young graduates. Its not that unusual
either, says Borwein. (Full results of the
survey will be released
this summer.)
Emad Rizkalla, CEO
of St. Johns, N.L.-based
Bluedrop Performance
Learning, which develops
custom training soft-
ware, says theres no
question an experience
gap exists, particularly
in soft skills. He uses the example of a graphic
artist just leaving school with little work
experience, who may have valuable hard
skills but doesnt understand time manage-
ment or basic customer service. Its not
necessarily that [employers] are looking for
deep knowledge of technical process X or
technical skill Y, he says. They say two to
three years because theyre looking for a
proxy for someone who is [prepared] a little
bit for a working environment.
Rizkalla points out that when employers
are surveyed, they say by wide margins that
they would prefer to hire someone with the
right soft skills and train them in the hard
skills theyre missing, rather than the other
way around. But evidence suggests theyre
spending less on training overall, so many
new graduates will likely
have to get those soft skills
elsewhere. The Confer-
ence Board of Canada
found annual direct learn-
ing and development
expenditures declined by
about 40 per cent, from
a peak of $1,207 per
employee in 1993 to $705
in 2013. Why the reluctance to train? Employ-
ers have a fear that if I get my employee up
to the next level, theyll just be valuable to the
company down the street, he says. But he
also thinks employers are confused about
what it really takes to keep employees. He
cites an American Society for Training and
Development study that found only 12 per
cent of employees at companies that invest
signicantly in training expect to leave within
one year, compared to 41 per cent of employ-
ees at companies that invest little or nothing
in training.
Employers have trouble seeing this, says
Rizkalla, because while its easy to notice when
a well-trained employee walks out the door
to work for a competitor, its far more dif-
cult to measure how training an employee
keeps him or her motivated and leads to long-
term productivity gains.
Jason Kenney agrees that employers need
to step up to train workers, and thus help
close the experience gap. Employers who
are serious about their future and about
addressing the skills gap need to put more
money in the game, the minister said last
month. The Canada Job Grant he hopes to
nally implement after months of wrangling
with the provinces will provide businesses
with federal funding of up to $10,000 per
worker, but only if employers are willing to
match around one-third of the total cost.
Until employers start training more, Riz-
kalla says, students can bridge the experience
gap by signing up for co-operative education,
where they spend four to eight months at a
Employers fear that
if they train their
employees, theyll
leave for a competitor
down the street
Jobs Report
Step up: Employment Minister Jason Kenney
says employers need to do more to train workers
48 A P R I L 1 4 , 2 0 1 4
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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
SCHOOL OF CONTINUING STUDIES
U OF T MISSISSAUGA U OF T ST. GEORGE U OF T SCARBOROUGH
Learn
more.
Gareth Lewis

Graduate, Risk Management
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learn.utoronto.ca

time working in paid placements. Id bet

dollars to donuts that kids who did co-op are
the ones getting hired, he says.
But as it stands, co-op programs are hard
to get into and not everyone nds a co-op
job. Stephen Amoah, a recent Brock Univer-
sity graduate, says he worked hard in his rst
year of an accounting program to maintain
a B average, and spent much of the fall of
his second year searching for a co-op pos-
ition. However, after interviewing for two
jobs he received no offers, meaning he was
no longer eligible to apply for co-op pos-
itions. It was very disappointing, he says.
My dreams were to work at a big-four rm.
His only work experience up to that point
was arranging produce at a grocery store,
work he admits didnt translate well when
answering interview questions from account-
ing rms. Determined to get back on his
feet, he spent the winter semester (when he
would have been on co-op) joining student
clubs to develop soft skills like teamwork
and presentations, and applying to summer
jobs. He landed full-time work with Brocks
Career Centre developing a mentorship pro-
gram and continued to work there part-time
during the school year. Thanks to an angel
investor, hes been working full-time since
graduation last year on MyCareerCity, a
website that aims to match new graduates
to jobs at start-up companies.
Perhaps even better than co-ops or sum-
mer jobs for gaining skills are initiatives like
Queens Universitys undergraduate intern-
ship program (QUIP), which offers 12- to
16-month placements in between school
years that pay $25,000 to $60,000. Mireille
Gomes, a biomedical computing graduate,
landed a QUIP placement in 2006-07 with
an electronic health records software com-
pany in Austria, which led to a Ph.D. at Oxford
University, an internship at the World Health
Organization and eventually full-time work
in electronic health records at the Ontario
Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care.
But there are only 300 to 500 QUIP jobs
advertised per year at Queens for more
than 17,000 undergraduates. Thats why
Duchaine, in between research sessions
for her nal papers, has been working to
convince the political studies department
to create an internship credit that would
allow students to spend part of the semes-
ter in training. You hear references collo-
quially to the skills gap, she says, but the
current way weve structured universities
often doesnt allow for the kind of experi-
ential learning that employers and students
are really looking for.

BY JOSH DEHAAS About a week before Bruce
Croxon announced in mid-March he was
leaving the Dragons Den TV show, the ven-
ture capitalist was in an auditorium near
Brock University hearing pitches from eager
entrepreneurs and deciding who deserved
a cash prize.
The rst presenter was obviously nervous,
speeding so fast through his pitch about how
to stop weeds popping up through cracks in
drivewaysit had something to do with equip-
ment he was developingthat it was impos-
sible to understand. The next presenters were
smoother in their presentation as they made
the case for an insulated smart wallet to
prevent thieves from surreptitiously scanning
tap-and-go debit cards.
Then a third student explained how hed
devised a way for publishers to sell more elec-
tronic textbooks by putting them all on a
single website. Croxon, who struck it rich
when he sold his Lavalife online dating ser-
vice for $170 million in 2004, responded with
the perplexed look hed worn so many times
on Dragons Den, before nally poking holes
in the scheme. How, he asked, would the stu-
dent get publishers to make all their books
available in the right digital format for the
new system all at once?
This was Brocks third annual Monster
Pitch competition, one of a growing number
of contests where students show off their
business plans in exchange for prizes, expos-
ure and advice from guest judges like Croxon.
That night, the $3,000 prize went to contest-
ant number four, Johnathan Holland, who
is working on a currency exchange that will
allow international students to save money
by pooling their orders.
Entrepreneurship has become so fashion-
able with students that Croxon estimates hes
invited to more than 100 schools a year. The
shaky job market explains why. Among post-
E N T R E P R E N E U R S
HITTING THE
RIGHT PITCH
With growing numbers
of young people aiming
to be their own boss,
learning how to woo
investors is key
secondary students polled last year, only 29
per cent were condent theyd nd work after
graduation, yet 46 per cent said they planned
to start businesses. Despite a sluggish econ-
omy, there are numerous examples of student
entrepreneurs to aspire to: David Karp sold
Tumblr to Yahoo last year for $1.1 billion at
age 26. Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg,
29, is now estimated by Forbes to be worth
$28.5-billion. Every week seems to bring
another high-ying tech IPO fronted by a
university-aged CEO.
While it may seem like all you need is a
good idea to lure investors, many successful
entrepreneurs test multiple concepts before
nding one that works, and even great ideas
wont get far if novice CEOs cant convince
investors theyre ready. Its really rare that
youll nd a killer idea and have the con-
dence that theyre going to execute it, says
Croxon. Thats why universities and colleges
are partnering with student clubs and busi-
ness incubators to help students practise
their pitches before asking for serious money.
Eugene Dong wasnt sure whether the soft-
ware he and two classmates developed for a
class in the operations management program
at BCIT could be a viable venture until after
they presented it to business leaders at the
schools showcase event in 2012. Less than
two years later, Richmond, B.C.-based Pro-
curify has clients on ve continents, 18 employ-
ees and a $400,000 investment from Mark
Cuban, owner of the Dallas Mavericks NBA
team and an investor on Shark Tank, the U.S.
version of Dragons Den.
For Dong, everything started when a pro-
fessor assigned them to work with a real
company on a real problem. They found
managers were struggling with how to keep
track of some types of employee spending.
Workers might email managers to ask for
permission to buy laptops, stay in hotels or
rent cars, but bosses would have trouble
knowing how much of their budget was spent
until weeks later when numbers from hard-
copy receipts got punched into accounting
programs. An employee of ASTO Aerospace
was in the audience at the showcase and was
so impressed that he asked Dongs team to
build them a system.
That event wasnt the rst time Dong pitched
his ideas. Earlier that year, he won in the Griz-
zly Den competition held by the Zen Launch-
pad incubator in North Vancouver, B.C., for
another proposal. Winning gave Dong the
condence to stick with entrepreneurship. He
used the prize, a free course at BCIT, to learn
how to develop iPhone and iPad applications.
Procurify just launched its rst app.
Alexandra Greenhill, a Vancouver-area
physician turned entrepreneur, points out
that pitching competitions arent just for
students. She was 36 when she started
Jobs Report
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MyBestHelper.com, a website where busy
professionals can nd child care and elder
care workers they can trust. Things didnt
get rolling until Vancouvers 2011 Startup
Weekend, an event where developers, design-
ers and entrepreneurs pitch ideas on a Fri-
day and try to develop a prototype by Sun-
day. The judges gave her valuable advice:
Always ask users what they want rather than
making assumptions based on your own
experience, she says. I
was reluctant to take clip-
boards to the street and
ask people, Would you
have two minutes to give
some advice? But the
experience helped her
better understand what
potential customers
needed. She made con-
tacts with software developers who helped
her turn MyBestHelper into a reality and
now a full-time job.
Nana Osei was convinced owning his own
business was right for him but hadnt found
success until he pitched his eyewear com-
pany at a Carleton University contest in
January 2013. Hed tried his hand at previ-
ous ventures: a limousine service, a trade
show and vertical gardens (designed to grow
on indoor walls for their aesthetic appeal).
Then he hit on the idea of making frames
for glasses out of reclaimed wood from Africa.
Originally from Ghana, he thought people
would be keen to buy a product thats both
environmentally sustainable and from a
company that aims to eventually help Afri-
cans by providing employment; Osei plans
to build a factory there. Representatives from
Invest Ottawa, a business incubator, took
notice and helped him develop his idea and
practise his presentation. Weeks later he was
in front of the Dragons
Den cameras asking for
$75,000 for 20 per cent
of his company.
Andrew Moffat, an
Invest Ottawa entrepre-
neur-in-residence, says
Osei didnt always have
the condence he exuded
that evening on TV, but
developed it by practising his pitch again and
again. It turned out he needed more than
condenceOsei now admits he should have
listened to his Invest Ottawa mentors when
they warned him that the Dragons would
balk at his valuation, which they did. A year
later, his company, Bohten, is slowly grow-
ing. He managed to get his product into ve
specialty stores, has steady online sales and
some months hes even turning a prot. Now
he just needs to convince a bigger retailer to
sit down and listen to his pitch.
BY ADRIAN LEE When Jeff Sloychuk was 17,
starting out as a summer student reporter at
the Alaska Highway News in Fort St. John in
B.C., he had no real idea of what a union was
where his dues went, or what he got in return.
That changed when a shop steward came to
meet him and shake his hand. Now 32, Sloy-
chuk says that initial meeting paid offhes an
organizer in Whitehorse for the United Asso-
ciation and the United Brotherhood of Car-
penters. While acknowledging hes certainly
young within the labour movement, he knows
the kind of outreach he received is the excep-
tion today, rather than the rule. I got lucky,
he says. They really treated me like a full
member, not a token youth, and I think thats
the problem we tend to havewe just treat
[younger workers] as the youth, rather than
an equal partner in the movement.
Workers everywhere, unionized or not,
have been buffeted by todays economy.
Where once an employee might hold a job
at a single company for life, no one expects
that anymore. The nature of work itself is
rapidly evolving. A recent report from the
Broadbent Institute found that 52 per cent
of Canadians between the ages of 20 and 30
believe work for their generation will be made
up of a perpetual mix of contract positions
interspersed with full-time work. In compari-
son, the think tank found just 14 per cent of
their parents worked in a situation like that.
It would seem to be the perfect environ-
ment for unions to appeal to young workers.
Indeed, the same Broadbent survey found
the majority of millennials, 59 per cent, think
weaker unions make good jobs harder to nd.
Yet unions in Canada have been shrinking
in 1997, more than 21 per cent of private sec-
tor workers belonged to unions; by 2011 that
had fallen to 17.4 per centand a failure to
reach out to young workers is partly to blame.
Young people in precarious jobs typically
have been non-unionized. They dont see a
union ghting for them, they see themselves
as being left aside, says Jerry Dias, the presi-
L A B O U R
YOUNG AND
UNORGANIZED
Why unions and young
workers cant seem
to see eye to eye
Its really rare youll
find someone with a
killer idea and have the
confidence that theyre
going to execute it
Rewarding: Former Dragons Den star Bruce
Croxon (centre) helps judge pitches from
student entrepreneurs at Brock University
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 5 1

Newcomers create new possibilities.
So do professional engineers.
Professional Engineers
Ontario (PEO) is proud
that among its 82,000
licence and certicate
holders are individuals
from around the world
whose distinctive
perspectives help to
enrich the lives of us all.

Our Financial Credit
Program allows qualied
newcomers to apply for
an engineering licence at
no cost and, as of October
2010, the requirement
to be a Canadian citizen
or a permanent resident
to obtain a licence to
practise professional
engineering in Ontario
has been eliminated.

To learn more about PEO
licensing requirements,
visit our website at
www.peo.on.ca or call
us at (416) 224-1100 or
1 (800) 339-3716.
Professional Engineers
Ontario

SPECIAL INTEREST FEATURE
C
anada wants immigrants and
people from around the world want
to live here. What do newcomers
and Canada have to offer each other?
When people ask Alden E. Habacon why
cultural diversity works in Canada in
ways it doesnt elsewhere, he has a lot to
say. But it all simmers down to: Because
its always been here.
Habacon is a diversity and inclusion
strategist and director of intercultural
understanding strategy development at the
University of British Columbia. He says that
Canada has its roots in multiculturalism,
when First Nations existed side by side
on shared land with different languages,
cultures and social structures. And,
of course, the first European settlers
were immigrants themselves.
Multiculturalism, Habacon says, was a
reality here from the earliest days.
So in terms of a place that is intuitively
conducive for people of different
backgrounds to gather and live in one
place, this is that place, Habacon says.
How could it not find a way to work?
Newcomers
to Canada
by Patti Ryan
The upshot: More than virtually any
other country, Canada offers newcomers
an open-armed welcome. It also offers
a high quality of life and the values
that many are looking for such as
freedom and democracy, respect for
cultural differences and a commitment
to social justice. The vast majority of
immigrants come for the economic
opportunities, Habacon says, but remain
even when their experiences fall short
of their expectations. They stay for the
happiness, he says.
Debbie Douglas, executive director of
the Ontario Council of Agencies Serving
Immigrants, has some reservations about
how well Canada delivers on its promise
of economic opportunity for newcomers.
But she agrees it delivers on values.
I think people also choose Canada
because of the values we hold, values
of gender equality, of democracy, of a
sense of equity and equality at least in
policy if not always in practice and
good education. I think it says something
when almost 85% of permanent
residents apply for citizenship. There is
a real sense of wanting to belong to this
country.
Canada also offers a better chance of
integration, Douglas says. We have
probably the most developed settlement
and integration sector in the world.
From coast to coast to coast, there are
a myriad of services from employment
support to language classes, general
settlement adaptation supports and
organizations working on issues of racism
through public education and other
interventions.
This is all good news because Canada
needs immigrants, and it needs them
to succeed. Immigrants drive Canadas
economy, both as consumers and in the
workforce. In 2012, immigration was
responsible for two-thirds of Canadas
population growth. Without it, the
number of Canadians age 20 to 44 would
be dropping. This would be a problem
since this age group buys houses,
starts families, makes up a significant
portion of the labour force and generates
substantial tax revenues. There were
258,000 new permanent residents in
2012, plus another 214,000 temporary
foreign workers and 105,000 international
students. Those figures mean Canada
receives more immigrants relative to
its population than most other OECD
countries.
photo courtesy: Martin Dee
photo courtesy: Darin Dueck and UBC
SPECIAL INTEREST FEATURE
Nearly two-thirds of new Canadians are
economic-class immigrants. More than
half are highly educated. Newcomers to
Canada continue to arrive from every
corner of the globe, but, according to
Citizenship and Immigration Canada, in
recent years the top source countries have
been China, the Philippines and India. As
for where they go, Toronto, Montreal and
Vancouver still receive the lions share
of immigrants, but some of Canadas
second-tier immigrant-receiving
cities, like Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton,
Winnipeg and Saskatoon, are starting
to catch up. As these cities populations
become more diverse, they will likely
be better able to attract the kinds of
talented people whose creativity can drive
innovation and productivity.
In fact, the link between diversity and
innovation is increasingly recognized.
In 2011, Forbes published a study called
Fostering Innovation Through a
Diverse Workforce. It surveyed 321
executives at global enterprises with
more than $500 million USD in annual
revenues and found that more and more
businesses are viewing diversity as a
key driver of innovation and a critical
component of being successful on a
global scale.
Similarly, a recent Conference Board
of Canada report found that, in a
knowledge-based economy, immigrants
can contribute to innovation due to their
high levels of education, experience and
knowledge of diverse languages, cultures
and market opportunities.
Diana MacKay, director of education and
immigration programs at the Conference
Board, oversaw this report and believes
immigrants potential in innovation is
significant and largely untapped as yet.
Here you have an amazing cluster of
people who are natural innovators,
MacKay explains. They are natural risk-
takers, they are ready to go to someplace
new, they see a future for themselves
thats different from their past they have
all these characteristics that you want in
an innovator.
What Canadian firms should
therefore be doing, MacKay says, is
asking them: Using your networks,
language skills and home-country
knowledge, what markets could you
help open for our exports? When you
look at this problem we are facing in
our company, how would you use your
specific skills and talents to go about
fixing it?
In fact, even refugees often
assumed to be a financial burden
are good for the economy,
says Mackay, who hopes the
Conference Board will do a study
of the economics of refugees
in Canada. You will not find a
more motivated group of people,
she says. There are amazing
economic stories to be told about
them, too.
Likewise, John Montalbano,
chief executive officer of RBC
Global Asset Management Inc.,
a division of the Royal Bank of
Canada that manages nearly
$300 billion in assets globally,
is convinced that a strong
immigration policy and effective
workplace diversity programs
will become Canadas advantage
in an increasingly globalized
world.
As we broaden and deepen trade
relations into new territories,
such as mainland China, eastern
Europe and Latin America,
we need Canadians steeped
in such cultures to allow us
to conduct trade negotiations
with confidence, he says. And
workforce diversity is critical for
corporations that aim to compete
globally, he adds.
Newcomers to Canada
Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine
1255 Sheppard Ave East, Toronto

If you are an internationally trained medical
professional, you have signicant training
that is valuable to the Canadian health care
system and to the health of Canadians.
The CCNM bridge delivery for international
medical professionals offers graduates of
medical schools an opportunity to further
their health care careers in Canada.
The Canadian College of Naturopathic
Medicine now offers bridge delivery of its
naturopathic medical program, developed
specically to allow international medical
graduates to complete the program in two
years.
Naturopathic doctors (NDs) are in demand
as highly educated primary care providers
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ways. The most successful global businesses
are those that have already moved on to
models best suited to attract and retain talent
in the economies they wish to partner with.
While the business case for diversity is
compelling, just as interesting and no less
essential is what Habacon terms the social
sustainability imperative. While most
cities aspire to be more environmentally
sustainable, its all for naught if the people
living in them are lonely, unhappy and
isolated. Communities thrive and succeed
where there is connection. And that can
be difficult amid differences in values,
language, culture and perspective. But
thanks to its deep roots in multiculturalism,
Habacon says, Canada has the potential to
model whats required to be both diverse and
socially sustainable.
Were engaging this question ahead of
everyone else in the world, Habacon says.
Canada is at the leading edge of figuring
it out. We have the political and social
willingness to do so. We have to start
thinking about world peace because its
happening right in our backyard, and thats
kind of exciting.
Ultimately, he adds, Canadas message to
prospective immigrants might change
from Come to Canada for the economic
opportunity to Come and be part of the
global solution to social sustainability.
Thats the potential here that I dont see
anywhere else in the world.
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A key feature of the program
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The program allows for
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Now in his third term at the
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He believes in integrative
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dent of Unifor, the largest private sector union
in Canada. The trade labour union move-
ment has not spent a lot of time trying to
organize them, historically.
When Dias was elected as president of Uni-
forformed out of the 2013 merger of the
Canadian Auto Workers and the Communi-
cations, Energy and Paperworkers Union of
Canadaone of his main campaign planks
was a commitment to youth outreach. At the
unions convention, he announced Unifor
would earmark $10 million to target new
workers. Its also looking to generate more
opportunities at the grassroots level, with
committees bringing the concerns of young
workers directly to the unions national exec-
utive to bring to the bargaining table. Dias
also sees student unions as a feeder into the
larger labour movement.
Part of the issue is a generational com-
munications gap. CUPE recently contributed
to a high-prole TV ad aimed at boosting the
image of unions. Paul Moist, the president
of CUPE, admits now that was a mistake,
because few young people watch traditional
TV. As such, theyre redoing the campaign
for other formats.
The hierarchical nature of unions is also
hurting their reputation among youth. Orion
Wilson, a 24-year-old carpenter and construc-
tion worker in Toronto, says that when he
signed up for his union, the International
Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, he
was told it would be months before hed be
able to nd a unionized gig. It was an old
boys club, is basically what it was, he says.
Working for them is great, but the experi-
ence Ive mostly had [is that] the older work-
ers get the pick of the litter for work.
Dias disagrees with that assessment. We
are a seniority-based organization, no ques-
tion about it, but to somehow suggest that
young people are disadvantaged is nonsense,
says Dias. Everybody will have their time.
But with youth opinion slow to shift, new
ad-hoc advocacy groups are forming, and
they highlight the challenges facing unions.
Seeing a need to stand up for the rights of
young interns, Claire Seaborn, a 25-year-old
law student at the University of Ottawa,
founded the Canadian Interns Association in
2012. When it was taking shape, she was well
aware of the stigma that unions had among
young people and actively developed a dis-
tinct model: serving as an advocacy group,
but not charging the membershipentirely
unpaidany union dues. Its a divisive issue,
and we wanted to avoid it, she says.
But the realities of funding remain an issue
for the group, so when Unifor reached out a
few months ago to see if the association would
be willing to form a partnershipwith the
CIA effectively being folded in as a union
chapterSeaborn listened. She didnt like
what she heard: her association was told it
would have to charge dues and hold in-per-
son meetings, an approach thats counter to
the social-media-driven nature of the group.
They just didnt seem to understand our
approach, she says, adding that she feels that
unions are out of touch. I just felt a bit frus-
trated that they were only willing to work
with us if we played by their game.
There is recognition of the problem in
union halls. We cannot sell out the next gen-
eration at the bargaining table and think
theyre going to embrace trade unionism,
says CUPEs Moist. We need to have our eye
on the future work force.
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15 to 24 25 to 44 45 to 54 55 and
over
Wait your turn
As unions try to nd ways to attract
young people, their membership
remains dominated by older workers
Divided: We cannot sell out the next generation
at the bargaining table and think theyre going
to embrace trade unionism, says CUPEs Moist
Jobs Report
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ing new. Weve been dealing with this in one
form or another for a number of years.
Most recently, the issue has been a chicken
shortage. Last year, the owner of Chai Kosher
Poultry shut down its Toronto waterfront fac-
tory and sold its quota, which are highly val-
ued, to a non-kosher producer. The only other
producer in Canada, Montreal-based Marvid,
suddenly had to meet the demand of the
entire market. First it was a shortage, then
there were price hikes, says Toronto Rabbi
Israel Janowski.
The effect on the kosher community has
been quite drastic, says Richard Rabkin,
managing director of Cor, an organization
tasked with certifying kosher products. He
says with Passover coming up, many Jewish
families will be paying signicantly more.
Alan Burke is president of the East Beach
Community Association, and hes been try-
ing to reopen the Chai plant and bring back
its 50 jobs. The group cobbled together funds
and struck a deal to lease the old Chai fac-
tory. Then it hit a wallthe factory cant get
any quota. In the interim, kosher chicken
prices have jumped by 50 per cent, inating
grocery bills of Orthodox Jewish families
across the country.
Everybody who has the regular chicken
quota doesnt want to sell it. Its a smaller
number of players, and quota is worth a for-
tune, says Burke. The other producers,
from what I can see of the situation, just want
to delay another entry into the market.
Since its the industry that manages its own
affairs by way of the provincial marketing
boards, which hand out the quotas, critics
say mega-producers call the shots. Burke says
he and representatives from the Jewish com-
munity hatched a solution with the chicken
marketing boards to create a special type of
quota for specialty producers. That was sup-
posed to have happened in September, and
theres been no progress since. Michael
Edmonds, the director of communications
and government relations for the Chicken
Farmers of Ontario, says the organization
gives special consideration to specialty pro-
ducers, but that it will award quota only if
there is a business case for doing so. Ultim-
ately, it will be a business decision on the part
of investors, he says.
The insanity of it is that youre talking
about such a small market that in no way can
cannibalize the existing market, says Fogel.
Those who keep kosher will never go to a
non-kosher product as an alternative. Either
theyll have it, or they just wont have it.
But then, no one ever said Canadas sup-
ply management system was sane.
BY JUSTIN LING The Canadian Jewish com-
munity is getting gouged at their local deli.
As is often the case with overly high food
prices in Canada, its a direct result of the
bureaucratic nightmare that is Canadas col-
lectivist dairy and poultry regime. For those
stuck paying the higher prices, that just isnt,
well, kosher.
To be a player in the dairy or chicken indus-
tries in Canada, you need quota. That quota
permits you to produce and sell your product
to marketing boards, which award the quotas
and sell the product on the not-so-open mar-
ket. The federal government, in turn, ensures
the market supremacy of those quota-holders
by enforcing tariffs that can reach as high as
300 per cent and by making it illegal to smug-
gle dairy or chicken across the border. The
Conference Board of Canada recently reported
that supply management, and the higher
dairy and chicken prices that result, costs the
average family $276 a year.
But that gure is undoubtedly higher for
those who follow traditional Jewish dietary
laws, which say that, among other things, a
chicken must be drained of all its blood and
that cheese cannot contain ingredients from
forbidden animals. Thats because access to
those foods is inherently tightproduction
of kosher chicken is limited due to protective
barriers that prevent new companies from
entering the market, while kosher cheese isnt
produced in Canada at all.
The federal government had given the
Jewish community a break, with special
exemptions from high tariffs on these prod-
ucts. But then in September 2012, the Con-
servatives revoked those permits. It did
cause, for a short period, just an insane price
for cheese products, says Shimon Fogel,
CEO of the Centre for Israel and Jewish
Affairs. A spokesperson for International
Trade Minister Ed Fast refused to say why
those permits were unceremoniously yanked,
especially just weeks before Rosh Hashanah
the feast of the Jewish New Year. Protest
from the Jewish community pushed the gov-
ernment into restoring the permits about a
month later.
Fogel says the cheese problem was noth-
Why so high? Controls meant to aid farmers are driving up prices of kosher foods across Canada
F O O D
Managed mayhem
Critics say supply management leads to higher food
prices, but those buying kosher food are hit extra hard
Economy
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As any i nvestment
banker worth his suspend-
ers will tell you, two things
are necessary for a booming
IPO market: growing com-
panies with compelling stor-
ies to tell (even if those tales might some-
times buckle under scrutiny), and frothing
masses of investors desperate for a piece of
the action. At rst blush, both abound these
days. But look past the Streets hype machine,
and something is seriously wrong with the
stock market.
Usually, an abundance of IPOs is taken as a
sign of a strong market, and theres no short-
age in the hopper. Already this year, 52 com-
panies have gone public in the U.S., raising
nearly US$10 billion. Thats a faster start than
last year, which, with 214 IPOs, was the busi-
est for new listings since the dot-com bubble.
In late March, Everyday Health Inc., a provider
of digital health and wellness solutionsin
other words, advice websites offering such
gems as 9 gross things lurking in your childs
lunchbox (spoiler alert: sheep sweat is one)
was set to raise US$123 million on the New
York Stock Exchange. Or how about GrubHub,
a service for placing pickup and delivery orders
at restaurants, which, if its IPO is successful,
would be worth US$1.7 billion. Coupons.com,
a supplier of digital coupons, saw its stock price
nearly double the day its shares went public
in early March, while Airbnb, an online home-
rental marketplace, is gearing up for an IPO
that could value it at US$10 billion. Though
much smaller in scale, Canadas IPO market
is also seen to be picking up. Many expect Van-
couvers Hootsuite, the social media manage-
ment company, to go public, alongside other
tech rms such as Ottawas Shopify, a platform
for online retailing, and Vision Critical, a mar-
ket research rm in Vancouver.
The companiesand, in particular, the
investment bankers knocking down their
doors to do the dealsare hoping to cash in
on the bull market thats been running, more
or less non-stop, since March 2009. With
recession-scarred households slowly realizing
the stock market has left them behind, some
mom-and-pop investors are tiptoeing back
in. And, psst, do the bankers ever have an IPO
opportunity for them.
But none of this is likely to reverse a ter-
minal iniction facing capital markets. Put
bluntly, the stock market is shrinking. Amid
the IPO hype, and with market prices reach-
ing new highs, its easy to forget that the num-
ber of domestic companies trading on U.S.
exchanges has been in free fall. Since peaking
at 8,800 in 1997, the number dropped to little
more than 4,100 in 2012, according to World
Bank gures. A couple of hundred IPOs a year
wont reverse that, especially since so many
other companies regularly get gobbled up
through takeovers or simply fail.
At the same time, the number of shares
regularly changing handsthe very trades
catapulting stock prices to new highshas
grown uncomfortably thin. Average daily
trading volume in the S&P 500 stock index
is half of what it was a decade ago, and about
the same as in 1998. Lighter volumes can
exacerbate market volatility. Low volumes
also suggest that, while some households may
be warming to stocks, most arent.
Canadas stock market offering is margin-
ally better. There hasnt been a big drop in
the number of listings, thanks to the ood of
resource companies that went public over
the past decade. But the number of listings
has barely budged since 2002. And for each
new company coming to market, it seems
another gets taken out. In comes Hootsuite,
out goes Montreals toy giant Mega Brands,
just bought by Mattel. In comes Catalyst Cap-
J A S O N K I R B Y
THE INCREDIBLE
SHRINKING
STOCK MARKET
ital, which offers nancing to risky compan-
ies banks wont touch. Out goes Vancouvers
Coastal Contacts, the online eyeglass retailer
snapped up by Frances Essilor.
Then consider this. Of the 3,650 listed issu-
ers in Canada, 60 per cent trade on the TSX
Venture Exchange, the junior market where
upstart companies are meant to prove their
stuff before graduating to the Big Board. Of
those venture listings, more than 70 per cent
now trade below 10 cents. Thin gruel, indeed.
And outside of those few tech companies
looking to debut in Canada, most new list-
ings on the TSX could best be described as
Frankenstocksnancially engineered prod-
ucts, like exchange traded funds, that are
zapped to life on Bay Street boardroom tables.
Theres real reason to be concerned about
these trends. A broad and vibrant capital
market has always been crucial to the health
of free market economies. It should enable
companies to raise capital to fund new ven-
tures and invest in growth, leading to increased
hiring and better incomes for workers. That
virtuous cycle is broken.
Wall Street and Bay Street have not done
themselves any favours. Repeated scandals
and frauds have shattered public trust in the
marketsa link that, once broken, may take
a generation to x. At the same time, regula-
tors have countered with ever more onerous
sets of rules that drive up the cost and com-
plexity of being a public company and have
deterred entrepreneurs from going that route.
Add it all up, and its a mess no giddy IPO
boom can put right.
Boom: IPOs like Coupons.com are hot right now, but markets suffer from serious problems
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 5 9
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wishes for care. One hundred per cent listed
themselves as satised, or very satised.
Humber has solved its problems, but other
hospitals and health authorities across Can-
ada still havent. Advance care planning pro-
grams are a patchwork quilt, says Parke,
with a different framework from one place
to another. While these systems aim to make
patients end-of-life wishes clearer,
there remains another signicant
problem: most Canadians arent
making any such plans. In one
2014 survey, 96 per cent of Can-
adians agreed that its important to talk to
loved ones about wishes for end-of-life care.
But only 34 per cent had done so, and just 13
per cent had completed a plan.
People nd it difcult to talk about death,
says Louise Hanvey, a registered nurse and
director of the Advance Care Planning in
Canada initiative, which aims to raise aware-
ness and develop tools to make the process
easier. They think its going to upset [their
loved ones] if they talk about wishes for care
On April 16, Macleans hosts the third in a ser-
ies of town hall meetings, End-of-Life Care: A
National Dialogue. Held at the Yukon Arts
Centre in Whitehorse in conjunction with the
Canadian Medical Association, it will also be
live-streamed at Macleans.ca. The conversa-
tion will continue in the coming months in the
magazine, and at town hall meetings in Regina
and Mississauga, Ont.
BY KATE LUNAU A few years ago, staff at Toron-
tos Humber River Hospital noticed a prob-
lem. When it came to recording patients
end-of-life wishes, some charts specied
DNR, or do not resuscitate. Others said no
CPR, or DNI, do not intubate. We had
different language all over the hospital, says
bioethicist Bob Parke. These orders were also
often hard to nd. You have three little let-
ters, DNR, buried somewhere in the chart.
In a crisis, we might have initiated CPR, and
realized later we shouldnt have.
Just three little letters, these codes help
illuminate patients end-of-life wishesideally
part of a comprehensive advance care plan,
which lays out details like who
theyd want to speak for them if
they become incapacitated, and
whether theyd accept or refuse
life support. Parke and his col-
leagues got to work on an advance care plan-
ning program. They developed workbooks
and brochures to guide difcult conversations
between patients and loved ones. They stan-
dardized language throughout the hospital,
and gathered instructions onto a form thats
printed twice: one for the patients chart;
another to be kept by patients or their substi-
tute decision-makers. According to Parke, its
been a huge success. In a survey, patients were
asked if they believed staff understood their
at [the] end of life. Opponents of assisted
suicide and euthanasia, meanwhile, warn that
promoting advance care planning is a slip-
pery slope. These plans arent biased toward
[the question], How would you live with this
condition? says Amy Hasbrouck, director
of Toujours VivantNot Dead Yet. Theyre
all about, at what point do we kill you? Even
when people do plot out their last days, it
doesnt always go as they envisioned.
Take the case of Margot Bentley, an 82-year-
old Alzheimers patient living at Maplewood
House in Abbotsford, B.C. A former nurse,
Bentley is in the late stages of Alzheimers.
For the last three years, shes been unable
to recognize her family; she doesnt speak
or communicate. Her very limited move-
ments include occasionally rubbing the back
of her hand, according to lawyer Kieran
Bridge. In 1991, nearly a decade before she
was diagnosed, she completed a living will
in the presence of two friends. It stated that
when her time came, no heroic measures
were to be taken to keep her alive, specify-
Master plan: Yukon Health Services suggests posting end-of-life instructions on your fridge
H E A L T H
PLANNING
DEATH
Canadians agree they should
tell loved ones their nal
wishesbut they dont
END-OF-LIFE CARE
A NATIONAL DIALOGUE
Part three of a series
Society
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ing: no nourishment and liquids. She dis-
cussed this with family, who supported her.
Yet when they requested that her caretakers
stop spoonfeeding her, they said no.
In a recent court decision in which Maple-
wood House, the Fraser Health Authority, and
the province of B.C. were defendants, the judge
sided with Bentleys caretakers, ruling that she
consents to feeding by occasionally opening
her mouth and swallowing. The judge also
found that her 1991 document, and a second
one, completed sometime before 2011, are
unclear and invalid. The judge interpreted
Bentleys wishes as a rejection of being fed and
hydrated by a tube; not a spoon. His decision
reads, in part: I do not believe many people
would consider eating with a spoon or drink-
ing from a glass, even when done with assist-
ance, articial. An appeal has been launched.
Bridge maintains the decision seems to
set an extremely high threshold for the level
of clarity required in a written living will. But
Ontario health care lawyer Mark Handelman
says there were formal defects in Bentleys
documents, both of which were drafted before
B.C. had legislation governing advance dir-
ectives. (This came in 2011.) He advises see-
ing a lawyer when preparing advance direc-
tives and powers of attorney, and revisiting
them from time to time. Most signicant is
not the document, but the conversation,
Handelman says. The end-of-life cases Ive
litigated fall into two categories. One, he never
expressed his wishes; and two, he never
expressed them to me. As death approaches,
he says, emotion takes over.
Bernard Hammes, director of Respecting
Choices at Gundersen Health System in Wis-
consin, one of the most
highly regarded advance
care planning programs in
the world, is of the same
opinion. Respecting Choices
is based on the idea that
planning for all possible out-
comes, in just one conversa-
tion or legal document, is
impossible. Hammes describes the case of an
elderly patient whod completed a living will
with the help of an attorney, and sent it to the
hospital to be kept with her medical records.
After she suffered a massive stroke, we showed
this document to her family, and they were
shocked, Hammes says. They had never
seen it. They said, I dont think my mother
understood what this meant, and she wouldnt
have signed it if she did.
Legal documents can be troublingly rigid
for doctors, too. Ive been in situations where
a patient comes in, and a family member
brings a piece of paper that says no heroic
measures, says critical care physician Daren
Heyland, a professor at Queens University.
And I say to myself, do I know for sure that
this patient knew that, [within] six to 12 hours,
I could have turned them around? They had
a 100 per cent chance of being ne again. Did
they know that?
Like Hammes, Heyland believes that its
far more important to discuss end-of-life
wishes with family, than to simply complete
a living will. It can be traumatic for substi-
tute decision-makers to make life-and-death
decisions on behalf of a loved one, he says,
but its so much worse when theres been
no planning process.
Dying brings out the best in families, but
it also brings out the worst in families, says
Dr. Louis Hugo Francescutti, president of the
Canadian Medical Association. The sooner
you can have that discussion [about end-of-
life care], the better.
In one 2010 paper in the British Medical
Journal, Australian researchers followed 309
inpatients aged 80 or over for six months, or
until death. Some received standard care;
others got standard care plus help with
advance care planning (modelled on Respect-
ing Choices) which encouraged them to dis-
cuss their values and beliefs, to appoint a
substitute decision-maker, and to document
their wishes. Of the 56 who died, end-of-life
wishes were more likely to be respected in
the group that received the intervention.
Their loved ones suffered less stress, anxiety
and depression.
With the backdrop of the ongoing national
debate in Canada about assisted suicide and
euthanasia, hospitals, health
authorities and the provinces
are placing new importance
on end-of-life initiatives.
Yukon Health and Social Ser-
vices encourages people to
ll out an advance directive,
make several copies, and
stick a note on the refriger-
ator that tells family where it is (useful if a
paramedic arrives in an emergency). Alberta
is set to become the rst to launch a province-
wide framework for advance care planning.
Weve tried to create a common language,
says Jessica Simon, physician consultant for
the Calgary zone. It includes a shared frame-
work to express goals of care. Now if a patient
is transferring from Calgary to Edmonton, the
information transfers with them.
Even young and healthy people, it seems,
can benet from having a plan. Belinda Han-
nan is a 23-year-old social work student at
Lakehead Universitys Orillia campus. Shed
given little if any thought to how shed like
to be treated in the event of a life-threatening
illness. Then a friend got cancer. She beat it
into remission, and then it came back, Han-
nan says. There was no stopping it. After
her friends death, Hannan was gripped by
anxiety. She describes the feeling in a blog
post for Speak Up, a campaign to promote
advance care planning in Canada. Death
happens when you are older, right? Wrong.
It is a natural part of life and unavoidable for
all of us. Since then, Hannan has spoken
with her mother and boyfriend about her
end-of-life wishes. Although her mother was
really uncomfortable, Hannan felt like a
weight had been lifted. We really dont know
whats going to happen, she says, but plan-
ning gives me a sense of control.
At the Whitehorse town hall, Louis Hugo Fran-
cescutti, CMA president, will offer opening
remarks. The panel features Dr. Jeff Blackmer,
CMA executive director of medical ethics, and
Danusia Kanachowski, Whitehorse palliative
care physician.
DYING BRINGS OUT
THE BEST IN FAMILIES,
BUT IT ALSO
BRINGS OUT THE
WORST IN FAMILIES
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 61

where they brave 18 hours of darkness in -31 C
weather in January. All you need is darkness,
which we have lots of, and the best time is
midnight to 3 a.m., says Beck. His favourite
spot is what he calls Becks Lake, 14 km out
of town. We go out to the middle of the lake,
with dogs in the winter and boats in the sum-
mer, so the lights are reected in the water all
around you. Its so beautiful, he says, that
guests regularly gasp, shout or even dance.
But there are never any guarantees with
the aurora. In January, the promising sun-
spot disappointed, so nothing unusual was
seen in the sky. Thats rare. In three nights,
theres a 95 per cent chance youll see them,
says Beck. And if not, youll come back.
ROSEMARY COUNTER
Buzz began this January, albeit 150 mil-
lion km away, when scientists tracked a sun-
spot via satellite. We saw it explode and
coming toward us, says Pierre Langlois,
program lead in Solar Terrestrial Sciences
at the Canadian Space Agency. Its a bit
like reworks. You know something might
happen, but nobodys sure what. Electric-
ally charged particles then travel via solar
winds between 400 and 1,000 km a second.
Days later, they interact with the Earths
magnetic eld, one of the consequences of
which is different molecules at different alti-
tudes resulting in green, blue and red cur-
tains in the sky. The aurora, says Eric Don-
ovan, associate professor of physics and
astronomy at the University of Calgary, is
the sum total of all these lights. Canada
S P E C I A L P H O T O F E A T U R E
Bright lights, small city
Yellowknife has a near monopoly on the hypnotic glow
of the northern lights. Photographs by Chris Bolin
All you need is darkness: The glow of the aurora borealis brightens the backcountry of Yellowknife, Canadas northernmost mainland city
almost has a monopoly on the spectacular
display, since weve got the vast majority of
the Earths land between 60 and 75 geo-
magnetic latitude. The best of the best is
between 65 and 68, says Donovan. Thats
Yellowknife.
Canadas northernmost mainland city has,
over the past few decades, seen a surge of
visitors hoping to catch a glimpse of the lights.
About 70 per cent of them, says guide Grant
Beck, of Becks Kennels Aurora Wonderland,
come all the way from Asia, specically Japan,
where stories of the lights have become
legendary.
Guests are bundled in iconic Canada Goose
Parkascustomized for Aurora Village, with
reectors removed; the jackets and other win-
ter wear are included in some package deals
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Up north: (clockwise from above) Houseboats dot Yellowknife Bay; the Yellowknife Bay Floating B&B; a kite skiier glides across a frozen lake;
Ragged Ass Road signs are favourite targets for theft-minded tourists; a local makes her way across Great Slave Lake; Bullocks Bistro serves local cuisine


The big show: Tents glow at Aurora Village,
where tourists hope to catch the northern lights

For a video highlighting all
Yellowknife has to ofer,
see this weeks iPad issue
of Macleans. For more
on the series, visit
PlacesToSee.macleans.ca.

FILM: A nanny turned art star P.71 EXHIBIT: A museum in 21 objects P.72 BOOKS: Lost animals P.74 TV: The
M A C L E A N S
68 A P R I L 1 4 , 2 0 1 4

00s are backhurray? P.75 BOOKS: Malthus, pedestrianism, Paris Hilton P.76 BAZAAR: De-gifting gift cards P.79
B A C K P A G E S
A shrine for cookbooks
How to bid farewell to a store beloved by writers,
chefs and foodies alike? With a potluck, of course.
BY ANNE KINGSTON There wasnt a murmur
in the room, not a ripple, when famed Brit-
ish chef Fergus Henderson walked into the
farewell-potluck-cum-wake at Torontos Cook-
book Store last Sunday. That wasnt surpris-
ing. Before the independent bookseller closed
in early March after 31 years, it was a frequent
stop for the mounting roster of touring food
celebritiesMartha Stewart, Julia Child,
Anthony Bourdain, Ren Redzepi, Jamie Oli-
ver, Nigella Lawson, Henderson himself. So
there was an odd logic in the
founder of Londons St. John
restaurant, the man who
coined nose to tail cook-
ery, miraculously popping
in to pay his respects.
Alison Fryer, the stores
manager from Day 1
April 6, 1983made her way
through the crowd gathered
in the 650-sq.-foot space, its
blond shelves eerily empty,
to greet Henderson with a
hug. Meanwhile, chefs, res-
taurateurs, food writers and
former staffers and patrons
reminisced by tables laden
with homemade offerings
Yotam Ottolenghis smashed potatoes,
Lawsons Coca Cola cake, patisserie-perfect
raspberry-vanilla macarons, Claudia Rodens
Mediterranean dips. Cookbook author and
caterer Dinah Koo, who owns the Dinahs
Cupboard food shop nearby, popped in all
the time to exchange ideas: It was a hub,
ground zero, she says. If you were ever sad,
youd just come here and you wouldnt be.
When asked what the store meant to him,
winemaker Charles Baker paused: Every-
thing, he said. When I worked in restau-
rants, it was my source for answers; when I
moved to wine, it was a source; I watched a
generation of cooks, servers, sommeliers
come through here.
At the centre of it all was Fryer, an ebullient
woman with laser-sharp intelligence and for-
midable networking skills. Former staffer Kevin
Jeung, now a chef, recalled Fryer brokering an
apprenticeship for him at
the renowned Spanish res-
taurant Mugaritz. Ferguson,
too, had fond memories:
Marvellous, marvellous
store, said the chef, in town
to cook for a pop-up supper
club. I hope they nd a way
to resurrect.
Even if that were in the
cards, a sequel could never
equal the originals singular
trajectory, one that mirrored
the elevation of the cook-
book, from utilitarian The
Best of Bridge tome aimed
at housewives putting meals
on the table to sacred coffee-
table objetsThomas Kellers The French
Laundry published in 1999, Nathan Myrvolds
spectacular $600 six-volume, 21.4-kg Mod-
ernist Cuisine in 2011. Optometrists and early
foodies Josh Josephson and his then-wife,
Barbara Caffrey, were prescient when they
opened the store in a building owned by
Josephsons family, undeterred by the fact
that the cookbook shop previously in the
location had gone belly-up. Fryer (then Ali-
son Day), newly graduated from university,
balked when she learned the bookstore job
Of-line: Despite the stores demise, the market
for cookbooks as physical objects remains
Taste
A mecca: Alison Fryer has man-
aged the Yorkville store since 1983
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 69

she was interviewing for was cookbooks: I
thought, Crap, I dont know a lot about food.
But Im really gung-ho, so we hit it off.
The bestsellers in their rst year signalled
seismic shifts: Martha Stewarts Entertaining
introduced Martha, big, glossy production
values and the aspirational mantra; the
rst Silver Palate Cookbook with its arty, hand-
drawn black-and-white graphics made photo-
graphs seem pass; Soho Charcuterie ushered
in the hot-restaurant cookbook; and the
unexpected hit was Mufn Mania , a 70-page
book banged out on a Selectric typewriter
and self-published by Cathy Prange and Joan
Pauli, two sisters from Kitchener, Ont. There
would be a similar sleeper every season, says
Fryer; a more recent example: Quinoa 365 .
A decade later, the Food Network reinvented
the cookbook genre by creating a new celeb-
rity caste system. Meanwhile, the Internet
was proving both aid and impediment: It gave
the store an online platform, but put it in
competition with online discounters, a threat
exacerbated by the arrival of big-format book-
stores, two of them just blocks away.
The stores trump card remained the com-
munity it cultivated from the outset. We
didnt just want to be part of the food com-
munity, says Fryer, we wanted to be part
of the community at large. They exploited
their corner location with arresting windows
done on a shoestring. For a fundraiser for
AIDS hospice Casey House in the late 1980s,
they brought in drag queens to strut in the
windows, transporting them by limo, Fryer
recalls: We were worried for their safety.
There was still a lot of prejudice. The effort
was worth it: People went nuts.
The store became a meccafor cookbook
signings, knife-skills classes, candid advice
on anything culinary or the latest industry
dish. Mark Bittman, Fryer condes, was dif-
cult to wrangle. Louise Dennys, the pub-
lisher of Knopf Canada, called once to say
shed been offered rights for a British chef
she didnt know: Can you tell me about this
person, Nigella? Fryer, whod imported Law-
sons books for years, insisted they sign her:
Shes going to be huge. They were even
more supportive of Canadian authors, says
cookbook writer Bonnie Stern.
Their helpfulness could net unexpected
benets: They were the rst North American
to sell Ferran Adris elBulli cookbook in Eng-
lish because Adris brother, pastry chef Albert
Adri, said theyd done him a favour. Jennifer
Grange, on staff since 1983, says she doesnt
even remember Albert visiting: Maybe we
gave him a restaurant recommendation; it
was just what we did for everyone.
The market for cookbooks as physical
objects remains, even though people are
turning online for recipes, she says, a point
made by Julie & Julia author Julie Powell in
The New Yorker last year: Mastering the Art
of French Cooking on the iPad is more prac-
tical, but its far less personal. Google can
yield hundreds of recipes for any given dish,
with ratings, comments and stars, but its
denuded. Theres the lack of context, of an
authors voice, of the broader sensibility
found in a cookbooknot unlike the story
that disappears when a store that anchored
a community disappears. People read cook-
books for inspiration, for narrative, like the
latest ction, says Fryer. We used to say that
if we depended on people to actually use their
cookbooks, we wouldnt have stayed in busi-
ness more than a couple of years. She sees
a disconnect between a food-obsessed culture
and the ability to put food on the table.
People say they have no time to cook, yet
they nd two hours a day to be on electronic
devices. They can reel off 10 best restaurants
according to San Pelligrino, but if you asked
them to roast a chicken, they couldnt. They
cant make a roux. Recipes now have to spell
those out; it used to be assumed.
The outpouring of affection, and grief,
from across the globe for the Cookbook Store
caught them by surprise, Fryer says: It feels
like being at your own funeral. She shares
an email from a shocked customer: I and
many others took you for granted. Social
media, too, was abuzz with tributes: I remem-
ber coming to your store, on a visit to T.O.
20 years ago, and deciding to become a chef
THAT day. Thank you for that! the Toronto
chef Eric Wood tweeted. He was a 14-year-
old growing up in Edmonton who loved to
cook but never saw it as a real job, until he
came across Andrew Dornenburgs Becoming
a Chef , he told Macleans. News that the store
was closing was like hearing they were tear-
ing down the family home, he says. When
he visited days later, Fryer recognized him
from his avatar and gave him a hug. He was
someone I had no clue we had touched. That
to me said, We did a good job.
Fryer is waiting for the dust to settle before
deciding whats next. Cook-book.com remains
intact, and theres talk of continuing to run
events featuring interviews and presentations
with the likes of Keller and Adri: I think
theres a new community to be formed, just
not around bricks and mortar, says Fryer,
who still speaks like a bookseller, as she
enthuses about Ruth Reichls upcoming novel,
Delicious , David Lebovitzs My Paris Kitchen ,
Laura Calders Paris Express . Unsurprisingly,
publishers have approached her to write a
memoir: Who wouldnt want pithy dish from
the front lines of the food revolution? Mean-
while, Fryer surveys the abundance of the
Cookbook Stores last supper with a rueful
smile: Were going to have the best leftovers
this city has ever seen.

When the building was sold for condos last
year, they looked for a new location, says
Josephson. But a perfect storm of construc-
tion, bad weather and Amazons heavy dis-
counting did them in. How can you compete
in a business plan with a company that out-
wardly says, We make no prots? asks
Fryer: You cant.
Taste
For a list of Fryers ve
favourite cookbooks
and why she loves them,
see this weeks iPad issue
of Macleans
The publisher of Knopf
once called to say shed
been offered rights
for a British chef. Can
you tell me about this
personNigella?
On the rise: The Cookbook Stores evolution
mirrored the elevation of the humble cookbook
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Glimpses of an enigma: Maier, a nanny for most of her life, was a prolic photographer, taking more pictures than she could afford to develop
A Mary Poppins with an odd obsession
By the time her work went viral, there were few clues of who Vivian Maier was
BY ADRIAN LEE When Vivian Maier died in
2009 at the age of 83, few mourned. She was
a New York-born, Chicago-based nanny seen
as a secretive, odd-duck pack rat who clomped
around in mens boots. She never married
and had no direct living relatives or close
friends, aside from the family of three boys
she helped raise in the 1950s, who helped her
through the penury of her later days. But in
death, Maier has come to be regarded as one
of Americas finest street photographers,
known for her exultant shots of Macys parades,
elegiac photos of abject poverty, spontaneous,
lyrical and unbidden glimpses of the ghosts
of lives livedall taken without any formal
training.
In an age where photography has become
something to glance at, to click, like and
move onand applications like Instagram
apply professional lters with a ick on a
phoneeven the man who found Maiers
work passed them by at rst blush. There
was no eureka moment, insists John Maloof,
32. Seven years ago, Maloof, a history buff
writing a book on Chicagos Portage Park that
needed illustrations, took a chance at an auc-
tion on a box of undeveloped negatives left
by a woman who couldnt pay for her storage
unit. He laid down $380; he got thousands
of Maiers photos. It took a year, and his blog
going viral, for him to realize he had far more
than photos of Chicagos neighbourhoods:
I thought they were good, and that was kind
of it. But the more I learned about photog-
raphy, the more I thought they were great
and, historically, huge. There were craggy,
crisply shot faces from the slums and the sub-
urbs, of street urchins and talk-show host Phil
Donahue (whose children she looked after
briey); humane, witty compositions of stran-
gers caught unawaresa style popular now,
but rare for its time.
By the time Maloof started investigating
in earnest who this woman was, Maier was
dead, leaving a trove of negatives she showed
no one: she was an artist with neither legacy
nor herald. So Maloof became the chief cur-
ator of her work. Committed to putting her
into the history books, he linked up with
L.A. lmmaker Charlie Siskela producer
for Bowling for Columbine drawn in by the
treasure hunt nature
of Maloof s storyfor
the documentary Find-
ing Vivian Maier. In mak-
ing the lm, they tracked
down the families Maier
cared for, travelled to the
French village in which
she once lived, and dis-
covered a dark, angry side to a woman her
employers dismissed as merely peculiar.
About half a century ago, French philoso-
pher Roland Barthes made his famous state-
ment that the author is deadthat the back-
grounds of creators are irrelevant; an audience
must engage with the art itself. But Maloof s
quest, and the quest of the lmwhich goes
out looking for Maier the woman and the
artistproves we actually crave narrative.
Maloof s goal has long been the backing
of a major museum such as the MOMA or
Tate Modern. (He paid around $100,000 to
track down and acquire another batch of her
negatives and undeveloped lm, and the work
of developing, printing and archiving remains
to be done; Maloof has absorbed much of
the cost and, despite a touring exhibit and
the release of a book collection, the project
hasnt yet broken even.) But he says serious
museums remain leery of posthumously dis-
covered art such as hers. Exhuming her untold
story may help that cause.
Is Maier an artist? Thats the essential ques-
tion at the movies core. A letter that Maloof
and Siskel discovered suggested that, at the
very least, she knew her
work was good. She went
through her negatives
and produced prints, sug-
gesting she saw herself as
more than a hobbyist.
And Siskel said her many
self-portraits indicated
she did not want to be
anonymous. She wasnt a tabula rasa. She
collected photography books, she went to
shows. Her work commented on class issues;
she was interested in politics, he said.
Vivian was a true artist, says Maloof. She
did it for herself. She didnt do it to please
other photographers or critics or a market.
Seeing her photos, its very important to know
who she was. The author is not deadeven
when she is.
In death, Maier has come
to be regarded as one
of Americas nest
street photographers
Film
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On looking: Bull the rhino is the topic of David Macfarlanes essay; Margaret MacMillan writes on an opal; Wayson Choy on a Buddhist mural
In a white rhinos face, a story
Twenty-one writers celebrate 21 objects from the Royal Ontario Museum collection
BY BRIAN BETHUNE Every object, including all
six million in Torontos Royal Ontario Museum,
has a tale to tell, according to Janet Carding,
the ROMs CEO. There are the stories they
present when we encounter them. Just how
did a buffalo-hide robe from about 1850,
decorated to celebrate the exploits of a Black-
foot warrior, end up in a rummage sale in
Scotland in 1958? Then theres what we offer
in exchange, new chapters for old stories. In
the third act of the robe drama: The teenager
who spotted it at the sale and begged her
mother to buy it, who played cowboys and
Indians with it and used it as a blanket and a
rug before stufng it, forgotten, under her
bed, found it again more than 40 years later
and gave it to the ROM.
But the 21 items highlighted in the museums
extraordinary, beautifully photographed book,
Every Object Has a Storythe result of a part-
nership between the ROM, the Walrus Foun-
dation (publisher of The Walrus magazine)
and book publisher House of Anansi to mark
the museums centennialhave better stories
than some, and far better storytellers than
most. And sometimes, by remarkable seren-
dipity, the storytellers bring not only mean-
ing and new ways of looking, but new bytes
of fact to ever-evolving stories.
The objects were chosen by ROM curators
to display their hidden gems and the enor-
mous scale of their museum. Theres that
buffalo robe, a black opal ring, a stuffed white
rhino, an ancient meteorite and an Inuit
kayak, to name a few. One story immediately
began to expand: I was very pleased to see
the opal among the suggestions, says Card-
ing, who spent six years at the Australian
Museum in Sydney, because Im the only
one here to have been to Lightning Ridge,
the stones Outback home. She gave the list
of objects to Walrus editor John Macfarlane,
to assign to an A-list of Canadian authors
and artists. I didnt know, when I suggested
the opal ring to Margaret MacMillan, says
Macfarlane, that it had been given to the
museum by Beryl Ivey, the mother of my
partner, Rosamund Ivey. MacMillan didnt,
either, but as a historianthe bestselling
author of Paris 1919 and The War That Ended
Peaceshe traced the stones winding road
from Lightning Ridge to the nger of one of
the Canadian establishments grande dames.
The white rhino called Bull went, so to
speak, to David Macfarlane. Whimsical and
serious at once, his piece pays homage to its
magnicent visage, the time-carved aspect
of someone who has seen it all and then some.
Photographer Takumi Furuichis black-and-
white images of the animal recall photos of
cigarette-ravaged 20th-century faces Macfar-
lane thinks the only worthy human compari-
son to Bulls own: Bogart, Carl Sandburg,
Auden. Theyre accompanied by commentary
by Burton Lim, the ROMs assistant curator
of mammalogy. It takes time to prepare a taxi-
dermy mount of an animal that weighs more
than two metric tons, and Bulls skeleton is
still buried in the ground, so nature can clean
the bones, writes Lim. If it had been a mouse
or a bat, wed have just tossed him in the bug
room, be ready in a week or so, he adds.
Novelist Joseph Boyden writes on the buf-
falo robe, and astronaut Chris Hadeld on
the meteorite. One pairing was an eerily per-
fect match. When John offered me the Para-
dise of Maitreya, recalls author Wayson Choy,
74, my heart stopped. A half-century ago,
new to Toronto, Choy became friends with
portrait painter Stella Grier. When he told
her his worries about starting a writing career,
she took him to the ROM to see the massive
13th-century Chinese mural of one of Bud-
dhisms most beloved gures. Making Choy
stand nervously close to it, Grier pointed out
a patch she had restored when the mural was
rst exhibited in 1933. It was anonymous
work, she pointed out, and no one any longer
knew or cared shed done it, but it was work
worth doing: Choy should stop fretting over
inessentials and concentrate on his writing.
When Choy recalled his encounter with
the mural, ROM research associate Ka Bo
Tsang was delighted. He had long suspected
that the three-month repair project in 1933
had required more than the three restorers
on record. Now he could add a fourth name,
and another line, to the story.
Exhibit
For a gallery of images
of iconic objects from the
Royal Ontario Museums
collection, see this weeks
iPad edition of Macleans
72 A P R I L 1 4 , 2 0 1 4
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#90210 2014 Rogers Publishing Ltd.
Devices not included
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Books
Better days: The Australian thylacine (a.k.a. the Tasmanian tiger), the last of which perished in September 1936, is the iconic lost animal
And thenbrieythere was one
The nal days of the last members of now-extinct species are as darkly comic as sad
BY BRIAN BETHUNE Things fall apart, the cen-
tre cannot hold. Once it seemed there were
so many, and suddenly there were none.
Humans and their co-conspiratorscats,
dogs, ratshave been wiping out other spe-
cies for thousands of years. The macro-causes
are always the same, at least since Western-
ers began to up the pace in the 19th century:
some over-hunting (passenger pigeons) and
a lot of habitat destruction, of the sort that
may yet doom the monarch buttery. But at
the micro-level, as Errol Fuller details in Lost
Animals: Extinction and the Photographic
Record, the deaths of the last individuals often
smacks of contingency or even absurdity.
Consider two of the nal Carolina para-
keets, a bird that once numbered in the mil-
lions. Their owner painted their cage about
1900; the pair pecked at their newly shiny,
lead-laced bars and promptly died. Or the
fate of the last known mamo, a predomin-
ately black-plumaged Hawaiian bird whose
few yellow feathers meant 80,000 birds had
to die to create the magnicent feather cloak
of Kamehameha the Great, king of Hawaii
from 1810 to 1819. In 1892, two men work-
ing for Walter Rothschild, one of the greatest
zoological collectors of all time, lugged a
camera up a mountainside, set out a snare
and caught the mamo. They tended it care-
fullyat one point photographing the bird
perched on a handand brought it safely
down the mountain to their overseer. At that
point, recounts Fuller, the man who handed
over the bird went off to pee or whatever,
and by the time he got back the overseer had
already killed it and was starting to skin it.
Whether extinct species perished of care-
lessness, malice or human hunger, our own
sentimental species loves to look back at the
wreckage strewn in its wake. And especially
via photos. Ive puzzled over that for a long
time, says Fuller. People will glance at great
paintings but an old photo will stop them in
their tracks. They hold it up to catch the light,
they study itwe still think a photo is some-
thing real, that it proves something. The
grainier the better; the worse the quality, the
more genuine it seems.
Fuller understands well the pull of the gone-
and-almost-forgotten; hes felt it his entire life.
My mom used to drop
me off at the Natural His-
tory Museum while she
did her Saturday shop-
ping. It was quite all right
in those days, recalls the
65-year-old Londoner.
The staff were very kind
to me. Later, trolling the
citys many junk shops, he would pick up
rare stuffed birds, shot by Victorian expats
in India and Africa, for a song, sometimes
for sweeping out the shop.
A writer and painter himself, Fuller is right
about the evocative power of the photos.
There are paintings reproduced in Lost Ani-
mals, aids to those who cant make out what
the camera captured, but the real stars are
the photos. There is the poorly resolved 1892
image of the mamo, its own survival as mir-
aculous as the birds capture; a still from 85
seconds of blurry lm shot in 1956 showing
the last recorded imperial woodpecker; a shot
of Booming Ben, the last heath hen, in 1931;
1938 photos of Sonny Boy, a mad-eyed ivory-
billed woodpecker and quite possibly the last
of his kind, cavorting on the hat and jacket
of ornithologist James Tanner.
Then theres the iconic lost animal, the
Australian thylacine, a predator better known
as the Tasmanian tiger, the last of which per-
ished in a Hobart zoo on Sept. 7, 1936. Its
allure, Fuller notes, is obvious from the cease-
less reports of its continued wilderness exist-
ence. It was big and carnivorous and striped
like a tiger and looked
just like a dog, says Ful-
ler, even though dogs are
far more closely related
to humans, their fellow
placentals, than they are
to the marsupial thyla-
cines. Naturally, they
are iconic.
There are dozens of photographs extant
of what was a marquee exhibit at many zoos,
and of these it is not the nal shots that are
the most affecting. There is a 1928 photo of
a gaunt, forlorn and diseased-looking thy-
lacineit died a day laterthat arrests Ful-
lers readers like no other. No one looking
at it can escape the feeling the thylacine
knew what was coming, not just for itself,
but for all of its kind.
Our sentimental species
loves to look back at
the wreckagevia photos
more than paintings
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Familiar faces: With the return of 24, Veronica Mars, Heroes and Arrested Development, TV is in the middle of a back-to-the-00s movement
Back in the days of old-fashioned cellphones
A Heroes remake, an Entourage lm: TV is denitely in the grip of 00s nostalgia
BY JAIME J. WEINMAN Youve lived through
1990s nostalgia, but are you ready for 2000s
nostalgia? No? Too bad, because its coming.
The longing for the era of Osama bin Laden
is getting stronger. It was the decade I grew
up and became a teenager in, so I have very
strong memories of [the] fashion, movies,
music, says journalist Valerie Loftus, who
recently wrote articles for Irelands the Daily
Edge online newspaper about one-hit won-
ders of the noughties, and one on a pos-
sible Mean Girls reunion. Everyone is nos-
talgic for the decade they grew up in. And
where there are memories, there are media
companies to cash in on them.
Television is in the middle of an unmistak-
able back-to-the-00s movement. First there
was last years Netix resurrection of Arrested
Development; this year Veronica Mars has
been revived as a Kickstarter-funded movie
that Wired magazine called one of the pur-
est products of nostalgia imaginable, and 24
is coming back as a limited series. Next year
well get the Entourage movie and a revival
of Heroes, a show that was a smash in 2006
and a disappointment thereafter, leading
critic Alan Sepinwall to group it with Ugly
Betty among 00s shows that burned hot,
burned bright, and burned out. Meanwhile,
the decade is coming back in music as well;
Lance Pauker, a writer for the online journal
Thought Catalog, points to the rise in this
mid-2000s pop-punk nostalgia.
Its not just the works themselves that are
producing nostalgia, though. Its the spirit of
the 00s that is starting to come in for re-
examination. When Breaking Bad ended its
run, there were articles proclaiming the end
of the 00s era of high-quality TV drama. In
announcing the return of Heroes, NBCs presi-
dent of entertainment framed it as a trip to
an older era, heralding the enormous impact
Heroes had on the television landscape
though that mostly consisted of inspiring a
bunch of now-forgotten superhero shows.
What could bring on this urge to revisit a
decade that only just ended? Part of it is that
with todays rapid changes, pop culture dates
faster: 24 may have seemed ultra-contem-
porary a few years ago, but with its post-9/11
themes and its old-fashioned cellphones, it
already looks old. And
Veronica Mars star Kris-
ten Bell told Allure maga-
zine that the show is a
fashion time capsule. I
wish everybody was still
super into little corduroy
jean jackets. But theyre
not. So you will forever
be able to look back at the show and know
when it was on because of what Im wearing.
Pauker thinks the transformation of these
shows into period pieces is merely keeping
up with the breakneck speed of the current
pop-culture cycle. As news stories and pop
culture moves faster, its only natural that
nostalgia does as well.
It could also be that in a culture increas-
ingly fragmented by Netix, cancelled TV
shows from the 00s are more popular than
new shows. The 00s were the last time a show
or song could become a hit that crossed gen-
erations and regions: broadcast TV viewer-
ship was higher then, so the temporary suc-
cess of Heroes was broader than any current
hit drama, and even a op like Arrested
Development got six million viewers, which
would make it a success by todays standards.
If the 00s were the nal era of mass-appeal
entertainment, it could give even a show like
Heroes the feel of a lost classic, because so
many people remember watching it.
Buzzfeed, a site that trafficks heavily in
1990s memories, has been subtly preparing
for the new era, publishing articles with titles
like 31 problems only
00s girls will understand
(like agonizing over your
MySpace prole). Things
from that era already seem
old to a new generation.
Even though it was such
a short time ago, things
were extremely different
in terms of technology, so its easy to roman-
ticize it as a simpler time, Loftus says. And
theres something else that may underlie revivals
like Entourage and 24they bring back a time
before the worldwide economic collapse. The
country Im from had an economic boom
during the 00s, Loftus says, so there are
good memories for us. That may be the big-
gest driver of 00s nostalgia. No matter how
bad they were, things can always get worse.
In a culture fragmented
by Netix, even a
show like Heroes has the
feel of a lost classic
TV
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The dynasty that gave us Paris Hilton
Plus why nearly everything we know about a famous murder is wrong, a new look
at Thomas Malthus, Emma Donoghues novel, and walking as a spectator sport
The Hiltons: Paris Hilton is the great-granddaughter of hotel tycoon Conrad Hilton, who was opposed to his offspring inheriting great wealth
THE HILTONS: THE TRUE STORY
OF AN AMERICAN DYNASTY
J. Randy Taraborrelli
There are, at present, ve Hil-
ton hotel properties in and
around Paris, yet the best-
known Paris Hilton remains
the Los Angeleno celebutante, singularly
skilled at the art of being famous simply for
being famous. Paris, a fourth-generation Hil-
ton, is among ve family members assem-
bled on the cover of Taraborrellis history
of the innkeeper clan. That Elizabeth Taylor
and Zsa Zsa Gabor are also featured, along-
side patriarch Conrad Hilton and eldest son
Nicky (Conrad Nicholson Hilton Jr.), speaks
volumes about the tale Taraborrelli weaves.
Taylor and Gabor were Hiltons by mar-
riage. The unionsTaylor, her rst of eight,
to Nicky in the early 1950s, and Gabor, her
second of nine, to Conrad a decade earlier
were extremely brief, yet both women loom
large in these pages. Taraborrelli, a skilled
celebrity observer with nearly a dozen show-
biz biographies to his credit, clearly recog-
nizes the need for such colourfully outsized
characters, including Paris, to add verve and
vibrancy to what is otherwise a rather lack-
lustre tale of steady, strategic empire build-
ing. Not that the rise, near fall (thanks to an
ill-fated partnership with TWA in the mid-
1960s) and ultimate world domination of the
Hilton brand isnt dutifully detailed. As always,
Taraborrelli is painstaking in his attention to
detail. But in Conrad he is stuck with a rather
grey protagonist: unquestionably brilliant,
eminently decent, laudably philanthropic
and fervently religious, but lacking the viv-
acity of, say, a Steve Jobs or fellow hotelier
Donald Trump. Barron Hilton, Conrads
second son who assumed the corporate reins
and emerged an even savvier businessman
than his old man, seems near-equally drab.
Fortunately for Taraborrelli there is also
black sheep Nicky, whose hard-partying, skirt-
chasing shenanigans and seemingly unquench-
able lust for starletsNatalie Wood and Joan
Collins were also among his conquestssig-
nicantly enliven the hefty tomes middle
section. (Nicks premature death in 1969, at
age 42, is hardly surprising.) Francesca Hil-
ton, Conrad and Zsa Zsas only child, subse-
quently adds dramatic fuel when, her pater-
nity widely questioned, she unsuccessfully
challenges her fathers will. It is, however, the
insatiably amboyant Zsa Zsa who fans the
ames, risking perjury by boldly insisting
Francesca was the result of rape, occurring
inside Manhattans Hilton-owned Waldorf-
Astoria, by her then-estranged husband.
Ultimately, Conrad does exhibit one inter-
esting quirk. Adamantly opposed to his off-
spring (or their offspring) inheriting great
wealth, he leaves the bulk of his estate to
charity. Consequently, Barron and his grand-
daughter Paris prove chips off the paterfamil-
ias block, cleverly amassing vast fortunes on
their own. CHRISTOPHER LOUDON
KITTY GENOVESE: THE MURDER,
THE BYSTANDERS, THE CRIME
THAT CHANGED AMERICA
Kevin Cook
Her death has had something
for everyone. She is men-
tioned in both SuperFreak-
onomics and Malcolm Gladwells Tipping
Point; she has inspired movies, songs, comic
books, and at least two episodes of Law &
Order. She has been the basis of as much
theorizing by psychologists as any individ-
ual of the 20th century, give or take Hitler.
It almost goes without saying that nearly
everything we know about her is wrong, as
Kevin Cook demonstrates in this short book.
Kitty Genovese was fatally stabbed near
her New York apartment building early in
the morning of March 13, 1964. Her attacker,
Winston Moseley, dragged her into a vesti-
bule and raped her. Many in the building and
across the street saw or heard the attack, but
it was intermittentMoseley left to move his
car at one pointand it concluded around
the back of the building after an initial con-
frontation in the front. Few could have real-
ized a serious assault was happening.
But a cop gave a New York Times reporter
a tip that 37 people had seen the murder,
and city editor Abe Rosenthal, who comes
Books
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Malthus: The 19th-century political economist was arguably an environmentalist, concerned primarily about the sustainability of population growth
off as pretty much the second-worst person
in this book, got his teeth into the story.
Rosenthal exploded the incident into a par-
able of urban inhumanity that soon found
its way into every sociology textbook on the
planet. (Somehow the 37 became 38 along
the road from page A5 to American myth.)
The murder was also pivotal to the develop-
ment of 911 telephone services. The big-
mouthed beat cop who inadvertently gave
Kittys neighbours 50 years of grief50 years
and countinghad left out some awkward
truths about the NYPDs phone system.
Kittys life as a sweet-natured lesbian bar
manager in Robert Mosess bustling, danger-
ous NYC is outlined by Cook for the rst time.
Thanks to the reforms that followed her death,
she occupies an honourable place in history,
even though she survives mostly as a name
and a famous photograph. The latter turns
out to be a mug shot, taken when she was
arrested for collecting a handful of illegal
horseracing bets for customers of her bar.
She would have turned 79 this summer. Her
killer, thought to be the longest-serving prison
inmate in the state of New York, turned 79
in Dannemora in March. COLBY COSH
MALTHUS: THE LIFE AND
LEGACIES OF AN UNTIMELY
PROPHET
Robert J. Mayhew
After two centuries of abuse
and misrepresentation by
everyone from Romantic poets
to capitalist fundamentalist philosophers,
Thomas Malthusmild-mannered English
clergyman and author of An Essay on the
Principle of Populationis perhaps the most
maligned of all 19th-century thinkers. His
central claim was that arithmetical gains in
human productivity were always eventually
overrun by the geometric increases in human
population that they sparked: Result, mis-
ery, to adopt a Dickensian phrase. His cen-
tral sin was to declare this just as the immense
productivity gains of the Industrial Revolu-
tion were gathering steam. For some critics,
Malthus is the next thing to an idiot (for his
inability to foresee the future), for others a
man with a heart of stone: Ebenezer Scrooge,
who thought the poor should die, the better
to decrease the surplus population, is his
ctional caricature.
Mayhew, a historical geographer at the
University of Bristol, is having none of it. To
think of Malthus as a man who liked the idea
of useless mouths freezing to death every
winter is unhistorical in the extreme. Malthus
was interested in blocking, by what he called
preventive checks (delayed marriage, mostly),
the excessive population that history had
shown him would surely live in misery until
it was killed off by positive checks (famine,
plague, war). He was right, as his few fans
have pointed out, about every agricultural
society before him. Malthus was even right
about his own time: he was inspired to write
his book by his awareness of Englands increas-
ing agricultural productivity, which to him
was creating not a more prosperous working-
class population but simply a larger one.
When the crash came in Britain, as it always
had before, perhaps from bad weatherMal-
thus kept an early eye on what climate data
he could ndwhat then?
In short, Malthus was the rst, and for a
very long time, the only environmental
economist. Mayhew acknowledges this truth
will be difcult for both the contemporary
right and left to wrap their minds around,
for Malthuss principles and conclusions cut
right across the modern ideological divide.
He did think poor relief should be kept just
an inch above starvation, to discourage the
labouring classes from having more children
than they could afford, but he preached
population control and the natural limits
of growth; today, he might even have
embraced a Chinese-style one-child policy.
Above all he thought hard about the nexus
between population, resources and, yes, cli-
mate. Even if his answers to those questions
have been overtaken by science and tech-
nology, Malthuss primary concern, the
same as environmentalists today, remains
relevant: sustainability. BRIAN BETHUNE
FROG MUSIC
Emma Donoghue
A burlesque dancer undresses
for bed while singing a French
lullaby to her faraway baby,
unaware that the thunder-
claps she thinks she hears are
actually gunshots that have killed her trav-
elling companion, a cross-dressing, law-
breaking, female frog catcher known to all
as Jenny Bonnet. So begins the historical
tour de force Frog Music, a lyrical, ribald,
meticulously researched ctionalization of
Bonnets unsolved murder in the summer of
1876 outside of San Francisco, a city roiling
under the double-whammy of a sweltering
heat wave and a smallpox epidemic. Solv-
ing Jennys murder falls to the exotic dancer
Blanche Beunon, who performs at the House
of Mirrors when not leaving male customers
winded on hotel sheets. Over the next three
days, Blanche deduces that her own life is also
in peril, along with that of her baby, who may
or may not be in the possession of her feck-
less lover, Arthur and his ami intime, Ernest.
Donoghue unravels the narrative master-
fully, reeling forward and back to ll out
Blanches story: how the former circus per-
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former emigrated from Paris with Arthur, a
former tightrope walker, and Ernest, seduced
by the prospect of a free-love Bohemian exist-
ence; how she unknowingly put her baby
with Arthur in one of the horric baby
farms of the day; how she befriends the enig-
matic Jenny after the trouser-wearing outlaw
crashes into her while riding a stolen bicycle;
how she came to rescue her damaged son
and forge a reluctant, affecting bond with
him. Blanche is a multifarious character
foolish and brave, canny and vulnerableever
ready to prevail over a rising tide of woe. The
fact that the other characters are not as fully
realized doesnt detract too much from a tale
that bristles with the smells, grit, rhythms
and carnality of the citys demimonde. Its a
rollicking read, punctuated by snippets of
French, song lyrics and high-voltage sex scenes.
The afterword outlines Donoghues exhaust-
ive research, with her admission that the
unexpected resolution to the crime was only
an educated hunch. Its a tribute to her
storytelling skills that Frog Music never reads
like a history lesson, but unspools cinemat-
ically, a uid glimpse of throbbing life, time
and place. ANNE KINGSTON
PEDESTRIANISM: WHEN
WATCHING PEOPLE WALK
WAS AMERICAS FAVORITE
SPECTATOR SPORT
Matthew Algeo
The subtitle of this entertain-
ing book will surprise a lot of
modern sports fans, especially baseball a-
cionados. Even after the rst pro leagues
came into existence, in the 1870s and 80s
the spectacle that Americans crammed into
stadiums to see was men walking. And walk-
ing: six-day competitions (never, of course,
on the Sabbath) in which champions rou-
tinely circled a dirt track for more than 700
km. The sport set a template that has never
vanished from American life. Intensive press
coverage acted as both cause and effect, cre-
ating celebrity athletes who earned fortunes
in prizes and endorsements. Talent was the
overriding factor, so opportunities opened
for immigrants and black walkers (star com-
petitor Frank Hart was regularly referred to
as the negro wonder in the newspapers),
and even for women. There was massive gam-
bling and thus, as night follows day, gambling
scandals. Almost as frequent were the dop-
ing scandals (coca leaves) and riots, equally
inevitable when hard-drinking fans gather
in crowds, fortunately less so.
Algeo traces the sports roots to a bet. Two
New England pals wagered on the outcome
of the 1860 presidential election: the loser
would have to walk from the State Building
in Boston to the site of Abraham Lincolns
inaugural address in Washington, 765 km,
in 10 days, arriving as the new president
began to speak. Loser Edward Weston missed
his deadline by ve hours, but he attracted
considerable celebritybecause of the wager-
ingalong the way; he even got to meet Lin-
coln who, holding no grudge for Weston bet-
ting against him, offered to pay the walkers
train fare home.
After the Civil War, Weston began putting
on exhibitions, taking in thousands of dol-
lars for the pleasure of watching him circle
the track for days (although he sometimes
played the cornet too while he walked). Soon
Weston had rivals for his champions purses,
and the mania was on. What killed it in the
end was a newly mechanized societys new-
found need for speed. Bicycle racing, then
cars and airplanes: the world before the Great
War, as ours still does, preferred pace to
endurance. BRIAN BETHUNE
MACLEANS
BESTSELLERS
Compiled by Brian Bethune
F I C T I O N
1. THE GOLDFINCH Donna Tartt 1 (19)
2. WORDS OF RADIANCE Brandon Sanderson 2 (2)
3. THE INVENTION OF WINGS 3 (10)
Sue Monk Kidd
4. THE BOOTLEGGER 5 (2)
Clive Cussler and Justin Scott
5. BARK Lorrie Moore 8 (3)
6. FROG MUSIC Emma Donoghue (1)
7. THE DEAD IN THEIR VAULTED ARCHES 10 (10)
Alan Bradley
8. PRIVATE L.A. 4 (5)
James Patterson and Mark Sullivan
9. POWER PLAY (1)
Danielle Steel
10. BOY, SNOW, BIRD Helen Oyeyemi 9 (2)

N O N - F I C T I O N
1. DAVID AND GOLIATH 2 (24)
Malcolm Gladwell
2. AN ASTRONAUTS GUIDE TO LIFE ON EARTH 5 (20)
Chris Hadeld
3. THE SIXTH EXTINCTION 6 (5)
Elizabeth Kolbert
4. THE FUTURE OF THE MIND 1 (3)
Michio Kaku
5. UGANDA BE KIDDING ME Chelsea Handler 3 (2)
6. MY LIFE IN MIDDLEMARCH Rebecca Mead (1)
7. THE NEWS Alain de Botton 4 (4)
8. UNSINKABLE Silken Laumann 7 (9)
9. I AM MALALA 9 (23)
Malala Yousafzai and Christina Lamb
10. E.E. CUMMINGS Susan Cheever 8 (2)
LASTWEEK (WEEKS ON LIST)
ON THE WEB: For book reviews, feature articles,
interviews and recommended reading by celebrities,
check out our books page at macleans.ca/books
Pedestrianism: In the 1870s, the most popular stadium sport in the U.S. was not baseball, but walking in a circle on a dirt track for 700 km
Books
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Hey buddy, you selling? As many as 40 per cent of gift cards may go unused. These days, if you want to get rid of yours, there are options.
Thanks, its what I always wanted
A slew of companies try to redeem the well-intentioned but unfortunate gift card
BY AARON HUTCHINS Christine Quance has
been walking around with the same Pier 1
Imports gift card in her wallet for more than
two years now. It was a housewarming gift
a kind gesture, she saysthough perhaps not
the best choice. Shes tried to use up the credit,
dropping by the home decor store three or
four times a year, but can never nd an item
that she actually wants. I really try, says the
28-year-old retail marketing manager from
Toronto. I just feel like Im trying too hard
to like stuff and then I feel its a waste of
money. Annoyed she cant justify buying
anything, she squirrels the card away in her
walletalong with the others that have been
taking up space for months, even yearsto
use another day.
For many folks, that day never comes. Esti-
mates for the percentage of gift-card balan-
ces that go unredeemed range from 10 to 19
per cent, according to the accounting rm
Grant Thornton. The Consumers Associa-
tion of Canada, meanwhile, says the percent-
age of gift cards that go unused is as high as
40 per centwhich seems high even for a
time when gift cards still had expiry dates.
In any case, the lost dough adds up. More
than $44 billion worth of gift cards have sat
unused since 2008, according to a recent U.S.
study. Nevertheless, they will account for 18
per cent of all holiday spending in the U.S.
by 2015, according to a 2013 report from the
Corporate Executive Board.
If you havent used a gift card in the rst
three weeks, your likelihood of using it is very
low, says Frances Ho, the Canadian behind
Cardswap.com, one of several companies
that has sprouted up to offer consumers a
way to get rid of gift cards. At Cardswap, a
$25 gift card for Pier 1 Imports can be traded
for $16.25 in cash. Dont like that exchange
rate? Try Gift Card Granny or Giftah, a com-
pany set up by three University of Waterloo
students. In the U.S., Co-Ed Supply, an Ohio-
based company, is offering college students
the chance to swap unwanted gift cards for
healthy care-package deliveries. Alternatively,
Hamilton-based Giftcards For Causes collects
unused cards people send in as a donation,
which they in turn pass along to non-prots
and charities. Theres nothing in it for the
donor, nancially speak-
ing; on the other hand,
the card is worthless if
it goes unused anyway.
These sites really
represent the fact that
somethings gone wrong
between the givers under-
standing and what the
recipient wants, says Leif Baradoy, CEO of
Kiind. Kiind turns its digital gift cards into an
offer. If the recipient doesnt use the card by
the set expiry date, the giver is never charged
on their credit card (but for a small service fee).
Jamie Floyd has ve gift cards sitting on
his dresser. One, for the Keg, has been there
more than a year. Because they take up so
much space in his wallet, the 22-year-old stu-
dent at Concordia University typically leaves
them at home, much to the chagrin of friends.
There have been occasions when the Keg gets
suggested while out on the town, but Floyd
refuses to entertain that option because the
gift card isnt on him, he says. That is one I
should walk around with more often.
Friends of Floyd can explore the app Gyft,
which allows users to send gift cards via Face-
book, email or text. Vello, meanwhile, is an
app started by Ho that sends digital gift cards
paired with videos from family or friends, an
effort to personalize a gift that isnt terribly
personal. E-gift cards may lighten the load
on the wallet, but they wont help those stuck
with store credit for a place they dont like.
But thats the gift-card conundrum. Cash
may be the most practical
gift, but gift givers worry
its too impersonal, espe-
cially at Christmas. Last-
second shoppers have few
other options. Whatever
the givers motivation,
gift cards wont be disap-
pearing from store shelves
anytime soon. (Or the black marketa couple
from Surrey, B.C., was charged last week with
fraud, including skimming rewards points
from unsuspecting victims and acquiring
more than $20,000 worth in gift cards.)
Ho and her cohorts dont mind. The months
around the holidays are best for business. In
November and December people are buying
gift cards from us, Ho says. In January and
February, people are selling us gift cards.
Kiind turns a gift card
into an ofer. If the
recipient doesnt use it,
the giver is not charged.
Bazaar
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2. Which European citys name means by
the monks place?
3. Which advertising icon did USA Today
rank as No. 1 on their list of the 100 most
inuential people who never lived?
4. KSA is the International Olympic Com-
mittee code for which country?
5. Pedro II was the last emperor of which
country, after that country abolished its
monarchy in 1889?
6. What is the only known substance that
naturally exists on Earth in all three chem-
ical states?
7. The Jirecek Line is a conceptual boundary
in Europe that separates the inuence of
which two ancient languages?
8. Harriet Lane, the niece of U.S. president
James Buchanan, was the rst woman to be
referred to as what?
9. The Lammily doll, introduced earlier this
year, was created as an alternative to which
popular childrens toy?
10. In what two lms does Paul Newman
play the character of Fast Eddie Felson?
TERRANCE BALAZO
Round 1: Honour roll
1. What does Ph.D. stand for?
2. In 1992, what word was misspelled by U.S.
vice-president Dan Quayle at a childrens
spelling bee?
3. Martha Jane Cannary was better known
by what nickname in the Wild West?
4. The Three Lions is the nickname of which
countrys national soccer team?
5. What is the name of the bugle call used
traditionally to wake up military personnel?
6. The Spanish Steps are located in what city?
7. Which tropic lies south of the equator?
8. What name is given to the oor between
ground and rst oor?
9. The Blue Oyster is a ctional bar found in
which series of 80s lm comedies?
10. Which organizations logo is a lit candle
surrounded by barbed wire?

Round 2: Prodigy
1. What is the name given to the edge of a
black hole?
2. What are the three major groups of rocks?
3. What do you call the part of the sundial
that casts a shadow?
4. In 1971, who was declared the worlds rst
No. 1ranked chess player by FIDE, the world
chess federation?
5. Which 1959 animated lm was Disneys
last adaptation of a fairy tale until the release
of The Little Mermaid in 1989?
6. The locks on the Panama Canal were
designed so that which specic ship could
pass through if need be?
7. The car company Saab was founded in
which country?
8. What two colours are on a semaphore
ag?
9. A manticore is a Persian mythical crea-
ture with the head of a human and the body
of what animal?
10. Which 1997 British lm had the working
title of Eggs, Beans and Chippendales ?

Round 3: Rhodes Scholar
1. What prex comes from a Greek word
meaning stranger, alien or foreign?
Challenge
The Quiz
This week, we test your trivia skills on everything from
smokin ad campaigns to the legacy of the Titanic
R O U N D 1 : 1 . D o c t o r o f P h i l o s o p h y ( p h i l o s o p h i a e d o c t o r ) 2 . P o t a t o 3 . C a l a m i t y J a n e 4 . E n g l a n d 5 . R e v e i l l e 6 . R o m e 7 . C a p r i c o r n 8 . M e z z a n i n e 9 . P o l i c e A c a d e m y 1 0 . A m n e s t y I n t e r n a t i o n a l
R O U N D 2 : 1 . E v e n t h o r i z o n 2 . I g n e o u s , s e d i m e n t a r y a n d m e t a m o r p h i c 3 . G n o m o n 4 . B o b b y F i s c h e r 5 . S l e e p i n g B e a u t y 6 . T i t a n i c 7 . S w e d e n 8 . R e d a n d y e l l o w 9 . L i o n 1 0 . T h e F u l l M o n t y
R O U N D 3 : 1 . X e n o - 2 . M u n i c h o r M n c h e n 3 . T h e M a r l b o r o M a n 4 . S a u d i A r a b i a 5 . B r a z i l 6 . W a t e r 7 . L a t i n a n d G r e e k 8 . F i r s t l a d y 9 . B a r b i e f i g u r i n e s 1 0 . T h e H u s t l e r a n d
T h e C o l o r O f M o n e y R O U N D 4 : 1 . S c a r l e t t J o h a n s s o n 2 . M i c h e l l e O b a m a 3 . O l i v i a C h o w 4 . M a r k C a r n e y
Round 4: Quote, unquote
Match the correct sound bite to the correct newsmaker:
1. Its irresponsible to
take a bunch of actors
that will have a Google
alert on and to suddenly
throw their name into
a situation
2. Now is not the
time to take our foot
off the gas and
congratulate ourselves
on a job well done
3. There is no such
thing as a kinder,
gentler version
of failure
4. Its a bit
like being
pregnant
Scarlett
Johansson
Mark
Carney
Olivia
Chow
Michelle
Obama
80 A P R I L 1 4 , 2 0 1 4
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Demoralized? Depressed? Constantlydrunk? Which one word most accurately describes your condition as the winter of 2013-14 concludes?
BY SCOTT FESCHUK Thank you
for participating in the Can-
adian winter of 2013-14. At
Mother Nature Inc., we care
about your opinion. Please
take a moment to complete
this brief survey. Your feedback will help
ensure we create an even gloomier winter
experience in the years ahead!
1. Overall, which one word most accurately
describes your condition as the winter of
2013-14 concludes? (Check one.)
__ Demoralized
__ Depressed
__ Napping
__ Is constantlydrunk one word?
2. How long ago does Christmas now seem?
__ Two Christmases ago.
__ Dammit, I still have to take down the lights.
3. Lets get a better sense of winters
effect on your mood. Heres a scenario:
You enter a Starbucks and order a tall bold
coffee. The barista informs you theyre
brewing a fresh pot, which will be ready
in 90 seconds or so. How do you respond?
(Check one.)
__ OK, thanks.
__ Ill have an espresso instead.
__ I SHALL MURDER YOU WITH MY
VERY THOUGHTS!
4. Of the activities listed below, which did
you spend the most time doing during the
winter of 2013-14? (Check one.)
__ Skating
__ Skiing
__ Staring blankly into the middle distance,
overcome by melancholy
__ Fetal-position motionlessness
__ Snowshoeing
5. How would you describe the current
state of your skin? (Check one.)
__ Pale
__ Paler
__ Bedsore-y
__ Theres really no way of knowing until
I remove these footy pajamas, and that aint
happening anytime soon.
6. Which of these classic Canadian
moments put the biggest dent in your will
to live this year? (Check one.)
__ Thin layer of snow covering treacherous
ice patch
__ Thin layer of ice covering deep puddle
of slush
__ Conclusion of shovelling, immediately
followed by plow depositing wall of snow at
driveways end
__ Dirt from side of car invariably trans-
ferred to parka
__ Cloud of snow inexplicably sucked inside
car as door opens
__ Don Cherry
__ Neighbours who go south for the winter
and email photos from the golf course, which
isnt very nice but probably doesnt justify
breaking one of their windows to allow that
family of raccoons inside
7. Across much of Canada, the elements
of winter can be delivered in a variety of
combinations and intensities. Which was
your least favourite combo from the 2013-14
season? (Check one.)
__ Snow, followed by freezing rain, followed
by sleet
__ Sleet, followed by snow, followed by ice
pellets
__ Snow, followed by snow, followed by snow
8. Some people claim to love winter and
refuse to stop talking about how they embrace
the season and hate for it to end. Which object
would you prefer to use to torture these
people? (Check one.)
__ Ice scraper
__ Ice pick
__ Icicle
__ Vanilla Ice
9. At Mother Nature Inc., were always on
the lookout for new, overdramatic terms to
describe our winter weather. For instance,
polar vortex really caught on this year. Here
are some expressions were testing for next
season. Which ones do you like? (Check all
that apply.)
__ Arctic Suplex
__ Catas-snow-phe
__ Brrr-icane
__ Flakin 2: Icelectic Boog-igloo
On behalf of the Mother Nature Inc.a
wholly owned subsidiary of Googlewed
like to thank you for completing this survey.
Your responses will be tabulated and analyzed
to ensure that your next winter experience
is even more soul-crushing. See you in six
months!
Brrr-icane or cata-snow-phe?
Take a minute; tell us about your experience so we may crush you better next winter
Feschuk
Follow Scott Feschuk on Twitter @scottfeschuk
MA C L E A N S MA G A Z I N E 81
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Jordan Paul Gahan was born in Fredericton on Oct. 23, 1992,
the son of Paul Gahan, a heavy-equipment operator, and Leica
Gahan, who helped run the family construction business. Big-eyed
and busy, baby Jordan was the third of four brothers whose names
all begin with J. (Joshua and Joel came before him, and Jonathan
after.) Although he didnt arrive in this world gripping a steering
wheel, it sure seemed that way. He was born to race, Joshua says.
Jordan was still in diapers when his father brought home a small
four-wheeler and plopped him on
the seat. The toddler immediately
cranked the throttle. I had to tie
a rope on the back and run around
behind him, hanging onto it so he
wouldnt get away, Paul recalls.
With a gigantic grin on his face,
Jordan spent more time peeking
back at his dad than paying atten-
tion to where he was going.
A smart kid with gifted hands,
Jordan was far more comfortable
in a garage than a classroom. He
shared his dads love affair with
powerful race cars, and if Paul was
tinkering with an engine or buff-
ing a hood, Jordan was never far
away. He was his fathers shadow,
Paul says. He always wanted to
be like his dad. Jordan was still in
lower school when Paul joined the
racing circuit at Speedway 660 in
Geary, N.B., the only track in the
Maritimes that runs a weekly pro
stock series. Though he wasnt old
enough to be a member of his
fathers crew, the team still man-
aged to sneak Jordan into the pit.
He soaked up everything.
He was very passionate about
learning, says his cousin, Travis Gahan, not so much academic-
wise, but through talking to people. He was a very social guy, and if
you met him, hed want to know everything about what you did and
your opinions on things. Hed give you his opinion, for sure, but
hed want to know yours. Like the cars he adored, Jordans mind
was forever racing. His personality was just go, go, go at all times,
says Jake Bryden, a close friend. He went a million miles a minute,
doing ve tasks at once. He was one of a kind.
In Grade 12, Jordan actually built his own stock cara blue Chev-
rolet Impala with No. 16 painted on the doors: Sweet 16. That
spring, he followed his dads treads to Speedway 660, where he raced
so well on Saturday nights, he earned the divisions 2010 rookie of
the year award. It was a season of highs and lows, he told a local
reporter. But my mom, who is the most positive person I know,
encouraged me to keep working hard and believe in myself, he said.
The next year, Jordan earned a rare scholarship to Race 101, a North
Carolina program that teaches aspiring young drivers the nuances
of the sport, from technique to marketing to media relations. Out
of 250 applicants, Jordan was among only 18 to be accepted.
His dream was to be a full-time
driver, but racing was not his only
passion; Jordan enjoyed hunting
and shing almost as much as cap-
turing checkered ags. And he was
madly in lovewith a girl, Natasha
Rousselle, who enjoyed all the same
outdoor pastimes. They were dat-
ing, but they were also best friends,
Jake says. Hed go shing, and
shed go, too. She went to the track.
They were inseparable.
The 2013 season proved to be
Jordans most frustrating. Although
he had the support of numerous
sponsors, he didnt have the funds
to buy what he truly needed: a com-
pletely new car. So when an Edmon-
ton construction rm offered him
a lucrative job out west, operating
heavy equipment, Jordan couldnt
resist; in his mind, he could bank
enough money to replace his race
car and return to Fredericton for
the 2014 campaign. This has been
a very tough decision, but the 2013
season is over for the 16 car and
myself, he wrote on his Facebook
page last August. Natasha joined
him for the long drive to Alberta.
The couple shared an Edmonton apartment with Travis and his
girlfriend. By fall, Jordan accepted a new job with a company doing
work in the oil sands; he ew into Firebag, just north of Fort McMurray,
to work a few days at a time. He was talking about having a family,
buying a house, his dad says. Racing was still his passion, but set-
ting up his life was even more important.
March 14, a Friday, was supposed to be one of Jordans nal shifts;
he and Natasha were planning to head back east at the end of the
month. He was behind the controls of a trackhoe that afternoon,
operating in a pit, when the machine broke through a patch of ice.
Jordan, 21, did not survive. MICHAEL FRISCOLANTI
1 9 9 2 - 2 0 1 4
Jordan Paul Gahan
A race-car driver like his beloved father,
he moved out west to nance his dream
The End
82 A P R I L 1 4 , 2 0 1 4
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ITS WHAT HAPPENS WHEN GERMAN ENGINEERS
HAVE A ZERO TOLERANCE FOR PLAQUE
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014

In the Networked Society, connectivity will be the starting point for
new ways of innovating, collaborating and socializing. Its about creating
freedom, empowerment and opportunity, transforming industries and
society while helping nd solutions to some of the greatest challenges
facing our planet.
ericsson.com
Your Guide
in the
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