Variables Sampling Plans MIL-STD-414 (ISO 3951)

Variables Sampling Plans

Variables sampling plans are based on the numerical measurement of quality characteristics

Advantage: smaller samples are required than for attributes sampling plans.

Disadvantages: 1. Precise measurements are costly.

2. If more than one characteristic is measured, a separate plan is needed for each characteristic. 3. Measurements are assumed to follow a normal distribution. 4. More computational eort is required. Example. * Suppose a 1250 MHz Pentium chip is considered defective if its actual clockspeed is less than 1200 MHz. * LSL = 1200 MHz * A lot is acceptable if no more than 2 % of the chips in the lot are defective. * Reject such lots no more than 5 % of the time. * AQL = .02.

* If clockspeed is a normally distributed random variable X with mean and variance 2 (say 400), we can calculate the = AQL that corresponds to the AQL: .02 = P (X < LSL) = P (Z < * so that LSL AQL = 2.05. Therefore, AQL = LSL + 2.05 = 1241 * If the true mean clockspeed for a lot is 1241 MHz or higher, the lot is considered acceptable. * Problem: is unknown if we dont inspect every item in the lot. LSL AQL )

LSL AQL

= 2.05

* Solution: Take a random sample of chips from the lot and test the null hypothesis that = 1241 versus the alternative hypothesis that < 1241. Ho : = 1241 HA : < 1241 * Test statistic: 1241 X Z= / n is the average of a random where X sample of n clockspeed measurements. Reject Ho (i.e. reject the lot) if Z < z = 1.645. * reject the lot if or X < 124.1 3.29/ n. X 124.1 < 1.645/ n acceptable lot unacceptable lot

* In general, reject the lot if < (zAQL z1P (AQL)/ n) + LSL X a where zAQL is dened so that P (Z > zAQL) = AQL. * To determine the sample size n, use the LTPD. * Suppose = .1 and LTPD = 20 % * accept lots with 20 % defective no more than 10 % of the time. * Let LT P D be the mean clockspeed for lots at the LTPD. .2 = P (X < LSL) = P (Z < * so LT P D = LSL + .84 = 1216.8. LSL LT P D )

LSL LT P D = .84

* the mean clockspeed is 1216.8 MHz in lots which are at the LTPD. * We wish to reject 90 % of all such lots. * That is, we require P (X < 1241 3.29/ n) = .9. * Standardize: 1241 3.29/ n 1216.8 ) = .9. P (Z < 2/ n 1.21 n 1.645 = 1.28. We can solve for n: n = 5.8

In general, n= z + z zAQL zLT P D

 For one-sided tolerances of USL type, this is the formula for the sample size, but now reject the lot if X > U SL (zAQL z/ n). In both cases (USL or LSL), we can write the decision rule as reject the lot if QL < k or QU < k where k = zAQL z/ n and LSL X QL = and U SL X . QU =

 In other words, we reject a lot if the sample average is too close to the LSL (or USL).

Example Find the sample size required for a variables sampling plan with AQL = .1, LTPD = .2, = .05 and = .1. * n= z.05 + z.1 z.1 z.2
2

1.645 + 1.28 2 n= 1.28 .84 n = 44.1 * n = 45 should be used. = 11, what is If = 1, LSL = 10 and X the lot sentence under the above plan? * k = 1.28 1.645/ 45 = 1.03.

10 = 1 < k . Therefore, * QL = 11 1 reject the lot.

MIL-STD-414 aka ISO 3951. Another acceptance sampling system. It is actually comprised of several types of plans. We will consider the case in which is unknown, and is estimated using s. Example. Suppose LSL = 1200 MHz, AQL = 2 %, = .05, = .1 and lot size is 1000. Find an appropriate sampling plan. * From Table 11.1 (p. 351, Farnum), we convert AQL of 2 % to 2.5 %. * From Table 11.2 (p. 352), with a lot size of 1000, we use sample size

code letter K (under inspection level IV). * From Table 11.3 (p. 354), under AQL = 2.5 %, and across from code letter K, we nd that the sample size n = 35, and M = 5.57, under normal inspection. This means that if the estimated proportion defective based on the 35 measurements is greater than 5.57 %, we reject the lot.

Suppose 35 measurements are taken giving x = 1230 and s = 20. What is the lot sentence?
LSL = 12301200 = 1.5 * Then QL = x s 20

* Table 11.5 (p. 356) is used to convert this number to an estimate of the fraction nonconforming: pL = 6.50% using QL = 1.5, n = 35). * Therefore, we would reject the lot.

 = 1235 and s = 20, we get * If x QL = 1.75 so that pL = 3.77%. In this case, we would not reject the lot.