Professional Documents
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South-Ea st As ia
Global Migration
60 70 80 90
Oc ea nia
North America
a ric e Am in t La
30
40
30 20 10
10 20 30
10
10
50
40
70 60
50 40
a ric Af
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60
200510
12 14 16 18
Data Sheet
60 50
40 30
70 80 90 100 110
10 20 30
20
10
40
50
Key features of the global migration system include the high concentration of African migration within the continent (with the exception of Northern Africa), the closed migration system of the former Soviet Union, and the high spatial focus of Asian emigration to North America and the Gulf states.
110 0 10 90 80
70
14
50
100 110 12 0 13 0
60
40 30 20 10
90 80
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60
As ia
r. Fm
io Un t vie So
West Asia
Unique estimates of migration ows between the top 50 sending and receiving countries
The bilateral flows between 196 countries are estimated from sequential stock tables (see overleaf for details). They are comparable across countries and capture the number a c i r e of people who changed their country of m A residence between mid-2005 and in t mid-2010. La
Me x
United States
The circular plot shows the estimates of directional flows between the North Ame 50 countries that send and/or receive at least 0.5% of the rica worlds migrants in 2005-10. Tick marks indicate gross migration (in + out) in 100,000s.
Cana da
occo
Oc ea
rki na Fas o
2 4 6
a i n
Af ric
a
ria e Nig
Zim e w b ba
30
20
32 34 36 38
40
10
2 4 6 8
Bu
Ct e
12
Egy p
2 4 6 8
V ie
Au st
South -Eas t As ia
Tha ilan
tna m
2
2
ral ia
Gh an a
dIv oir e
22 24 26 28
42 44 46 48
50
52 54 56 58
Mo r
10
t S ou
a c i r Af
4 2
Indon
6 4 2
2 4 6 8
ed t i n U
10
12 14 16 18
o d g n Ki
esia
10
8 6 4 2
10
12
12
10
2 4 6
2
France
Malaysia
8 6 4 2
4 2
4 2
Netherlands
2
2 4 6 8
Switzerland
Japan
Hong Kong
China
18 16 14 12
12 14
2 4 6 8
10
Spain
108
6 4 2
12 14
10
Italy
40 8
2
2 4
264 2 2 2
ia d n I
20 8
1 6 1 4 1 2 1
4
6
10
Rus sia
Kaz akh s tan
10 8
4
4 2 4
Uzb e
desh
Israel Bahrain
Bangla
For an online visualization of the estimates see www.global-migration.info or scan the QR code with your phone.
ou th As ia
1 16 8 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
28 26 24 22
an
18 16 14 12
20
Pak ist
10
8 6 4 2
4 2
Fm r. S
kis
tan
Mexico
Each country is assigned a colour (Mexico: yellow); flows have the same colour as the origin
40
10
20
Credits: circular plots created with Circos (Krzywinski, M. et al. Circos: an Information Aesthetic for Comparative Genomics. Genome Res, 2009, 19:16391645)
Team at the Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA,VID/AW,WU): Nikola Sander, Guy J. Abel and Ramon Bauer. Contact: Nikola Sander, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID/AW), nikola.sander@oeaw.ac.at
Total immigration to Mexico, coloured by origin country (here small [return] flow from USA) Tick marks indicate a countrys gross migration in 100,000s (here 4.1 mio in India)
In dia
15
ni
U
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
35
30
25
te
dK
Flow from Mexico to USA: no gap at origin, large gap at destination; the width indicates its size
ut
5
10
15
in g d
in
The large circular plot only shows the top 75% of all flows.
Origin and destination countries are represented by segments around the circle:
om
Note: The estimates reflect migration transitions over a five-year interval and thus cannot be compared to annual movements flow data published by United Nations and Eurostat.
a i s A t s We
25
30
35
in
40
ov iet Un ion
15
3 36 34 32
30 28
2 4
20
15
10
out
Europe
45
Philippin es
12
8 6 4 2
2 4 6 8
ny a m r e G
10
50
55
Europ e
30 20 10
60 70 80 90
sia East A
10
ut So
20
30 40
10 20
30
40
50
ico
2 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4
Br a zil
Ne
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2
sia East A
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8 0
12 1 14 6 1 18 0 2
22 4 2 26 28
2 4 6 8
10
12 14
2 4 6 8
2 4 6
i Saud ia Arab
2 4
2 4
Qatar
Syria
Jordan
Kuwait
10
5
in
out
Percentage of population
25 20
15 10
0.2
Sta tes
0.4
yeaHIGH rs ES of T sc me ho a ol n in
g
5 0
1990-95 1995-00 2000-05 2005-10
0.0
Mo
1990-95 1995-00 2000-05 2005-10
12
Uni ted
The circular plot depicts the 20 largest country-to-country ows (in absolute terms) in 2005-10. The origins and destinations of these ows are arranged by level of education, with Burkina Faso having the lowest mean years of schooling and the United States the highest. Tick marks indicate the size of the migration ow in 100,000 increments. Flows have the same colour as the origin country. It appears that most of the largest ows originated in Asia and went to the oil-rich Gulf countries and the United States. Exceptions to this trend are the ow from Mexico to the United States and ows within Africa (Cte dIvoire to Burkina Faso and Zimbabwe to South Africa). Malaysia and India were the only countries to be both receivers and senders of very large ows, highlighting the strong eect that migration and dierentials in education levels have on the redistribution of population.
* Estimates of adult mean years of schooling provided by Wittgenstein Centre Data Lab.
Origin Destination Mexico United States India United Arab Emirates Bangladesh India China United States Bangladesh United Arab Emir. Bangladesh Saudi Arabia India United States Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan United Arab Emirates Flow, in 1000 1845 1083 618 546 536 527 502 489 437 389 Origin Destination Flow, in 1000 384 373 314 311 289 283 273 258 241 238 Rank Rank
so na Fa Burki
ire
2
24
roc co
16
20
16
i Pak sta n
4
Ban
28
glad
esh
4
12
8
32
2
Rus
2
sia
Sing
2
2
2
e apor
stan
Kazakh
24
20
A Hong Kong S
India
16
United Kingdom
12
8
4
4
8
2
2
8
Malaysia
pines
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
11 Philippines United States 12 Zimbabwe South Africa 13 Myanmar Thailand 14 India Qatar 15 Pakistan Saudi Arabia 16 India United Kingdom 17 Morocco Spain 18 Kazakhstan Russia 19 Cte d'Ivoire Burkina Faso 20 China Hong Kong SAR
Philip
Tha
d ilan
4
4
4
Sau
in Ch
2
4
Sp
di A rab i
ain
one sia
16
12
12
16
20
Ind
Mexi
co
Qatar
Zimbabwe
South Africa
10 Malaysia Singapore
2010
We estimate the minimum number of migrant ows required to match the dierences in the stocks of people born in Country A. In doing so, we set the number of stayers, those who remain in their country of residence between 2005 and 2010 as the maximum possible number. In this simplied example, 210 people born in A stay in A, 30 stay in B and 50 stay in C. This assumption generates 50 moves from Country A to Country B and 10 moves from Country A to Country C, whilst maintaining the observed stocks in 2005 and 2010. This estimation procedure is replicated simultaneously for all 196 countries to estimate birthplace-specic ow tables, resulting in a comparable set of global migration ow estimates. Alterations are made to the original migrant stock counts to control for births and deaths during the period, using standard demographic procedures. These alterations allow our countryspecic net migration ows to closely match the net migration ows published by the United Nations. Further reading: Abel, Guy J. 2013. Estimating global migration ow tables using place of birth data. Demographic Research 28 (18): 505546.
2010
210 50
210
Country B
Country B
80 Country B 30 Country C 50
30 10 50
60
Fig. 2: Types of flows distinguished in our estimates using a hypothetical example for people born in Country A
Immigration (in), emigration (out) and net migration flows for 196 countries in 200510 (in 1,000s)
The estimates capture the number of people who permanently changed their country of residence over the ve-year period 2005 to 2010 and thus reect movements over a longer time period than currently published statistics. Country EUROPE Albania Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey In 31 214 60 215 20 34 37 45 241 109 4 73 752 1330 212 84 13 167 2007 0 0 43 18 5 7 18 297 171 93 316 42 1409 175 37 24 2412 318 306 112 Out 79 54 110 15 30 84 27 1 0 19 4 0 251 780 58 9 2 67 8 10 36 0 16 0 179 20 247 0 38 166 142 273 175 0 2 162 53 123 161 Net -48 160 -51 200 -10 -50 10 44 240 90 0 72 500 550 154 75 10 100 1999 -10 -36 42 2 5 -172 -3 50 171 55 150 -100 1135 0 36 22 2250 265 182 -49 Country Ukraine United Kingdom AMERICA Argentina Aruba Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador French Guiana Grenada Guadeloupe Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Martinique Mexico Netherlands Antilles Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Puerto Rico Saint Lucia Saint Vincent & Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States Uruguay In 386 1722 74 4 6 2 6 28 5 1392 101 20 119 0 65 139 3 9 0 2 5 3 1 1 2 2 123 11 0 28 6 0 1 1 0 1 1 6391 3 Out 426 700 273 0 0 2 7 193 506 293 71 139 43 190 205 259 295 3 5 5 205 43 241 101 102 4 1926 3 200 17 46 724 146 2 5 6 20 1431 53 Net -41 1021 -200 4 6 -1 -1 -165 -502 1098 30 -120 75 -191 -140 -120 -292 6 -5 -4 -200 -40 -240 -100 -100 -2 -1803 8 -200 11 -40 -725 -146 -1 -5 -5 -20 4959 -50 Country Venezuela Virgin Islands AFRICA Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Cte d'Ivoire Congo DR Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger In 111 0 55 83 79 38 263 370 35 3 39 74 0 206 72 2 50 20 56 0 35 25 263 3 8 80 1 322 32 2 19 16 21 10 3 2 119 19 31 Out 71 3 195 0 28 19 387 0 53 20 34 149 10 565 94 2 393 0 0 296 30 38 312 302 18 268 21 21 52 8 38 116 10 10 3 676 138 21 58 Net 40 -4 -140 82 50 18 -124 370 -18 -18 5 -75 -10 -359 -22 0 -343 20 55 -297 5 -14 -50 -300 -10 -188 -20 300 -21 -6 -20 -100 10 0 -1 -675 -20 -2 -27 Country Nigeria Republic of Congo Runion Rwanda Sao Tome & Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe ASIA Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China East Timor Georgia Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait In 150 50 3 62 0 19 75 0 799 199 11 67 12 9 12 47 42 0 13 19 67 447 18 19 49 0 127 0 1 332 709 0 291 0 364 440 380 343 400 Out 435 0 3 47 7 151 14 299 98 62 17 366 17 28 146 0 126 899 392 94 13 0 2918 2 46 254 2021 49 151 156 3632 1276 474 149 90 170 177 335 123 Net -286 50 0 15 -7 -133 60 -300 701 137 -6 -299 -5 -20 -134 47 -85 -900 -379 -75 53 447 -2900 16 3 -255 -1895 -50 -150 176 -2924 -1277 -184 -149 273 269 203 7 277 Country Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Macao SAR Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal North Korea Oman Pakistan Palestine Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen OCEANIA Australia Fiji French Polynesia Guam Micronesia New Caledonia New Zealand Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Vanuatu In 0 0 87 55 696 0 0 0 81 19 184 33 0 30 862 1287 721 80 1 397 0 508 2 3077 7 19 77 1164 2 0 6 0 6 247 6 1 0 0 0 Out 132 75 99 4 610 0 15 498 179 22 31 2022 89 1260 5 230 0 110 250 452 296 15 56 0 525 448 211 39 31 1 6 8 0 182 5 16 0 8 0 Net -132 -75 -13 50 85 -1 -15 -499 -99 -3 153 -1990 -90 -1230 857 1056 721 -30 -250 -55 -296 493 -55 3076 -519 -430 -134 1125 -29 -1 0 -9 6 65 0 -16 0 -9 0
Team at the Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA,VID/AW,WU): Nikola Sander, Guy J. Abel and Ramon Bauer. Contact: Nikola Sander, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID/AW), nikola.sander@oeaw.ac.at