:

THE COINS
,

or THE

GREEK AND SCYTSIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA

THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

BY PEECY GAEDNEE,

Litt. D.

DISNET PJtOFESBOK OP ABCITAEOLOGT IK THE rSIVEESTTT OF CAMBKIDGE.

EDITED BY

EEGINALD STUAET POOLE,

LL.D.

CORHESPONDBNT OF THB INSTITUTE OP FBANCE-

LONDON

FEINTED BY OEDEE OF THE TEUSTEES.

1886.

EDITOR'S

PREFACE.

The

present volume contains

all

the coins which were issued by

ruled in India and the neigh-

the Greek and Scythic kings

who

bouring lands between the time of Alexander the Great and the
third century a.d.

The work has been long and

editor,

laborious,

alike to compiler,

and

printer.

The number of unusual

its

characters which

it

contains has greatly hindered

difficulties
is

progress

but the typographical

history of the kings

have not been the only ones.

The

very obscure, and the types employed on their coins often of a

character.

mixed and uncertain

numismatics
offer

On

the other hand, few fields of

archaeological,

richer material,

historical,

and

even

philological;

though

philological

theories

are

necessarily

excluded from these pages.

Special thanks are due to General Cunningham, R.E.,

who has

allowed the compiler free use of his plates published in recent

volumes of the Numismatic Chronicle, and has thus enabled the

present
wise be

work
:

to

be rendered

far

more complete than

it

could othervaluable

also to Professor

Cecil Bendall,

who has given

philological aid.

vi

editoe's preface.

The system of

transliteration

adopted for Prakrit words

is

that

used by Professor Aufrecht in the Sanskritic Catalogue of the

Bodleian Library; also in the Catalogue of Books in the British

Museum.
I have carefully revised the manuscript of this work, comparing

each coin with the corresponding description.

EEGINALD STUART POOLE.

CONTENTS.

KODUCTION :

CONTENTS.

II.

Insceiptions

Geebk,' Indian, and Sotthic

.

liii

itl.

MONOGBAMS

Iv

IV.

Types:
Greek types
Semi-Hellenic types
.
.

Ivi
Ivii
Iviii
.

Hindu

types

Parthian types

lix

Types of Yueh-Clii Kings

V.

Ix
Ixvii

Weights Normal weights

of coins

Ixix

VI.

The

Am an
op

Pali Alphabet
transliterations

Ixx

VII. Table

AND

RENDERINGS

OF
Ixxii

Prakrit legends

COIN CATALOGUE:
Andtagoras

Sophytes
Diodotus
I.

Euthydem^^s

Demetrius

Euthydemus
Pantaleon
Agathocles

Antimachus
Eucratides

I.

......... ......... ........ ......... ....._. ......... ......... .......

.

2 3
.4

I.

II.

8
9

10 12
13 19

Eucratides with Heliocles and Laodice

Plato
Heliocles,

Antialcidas

Lysias

Diomedes

Archebius

ApoUodotus

.......... ......... ......... .......

I.

...... ..... .. .........

.
.
. . . . . '

20
21

^.

25

29
31

32
34
37

ApoUodotus II
Strato 1

40
43

Agathocleia with Strato

CONTENTS.

CONTENTS.

CONTENTS.

XI
PASA

Arsaces Dikaios Arsaces Theos

.

174
175

Kadphises II

Kanerkes

.........
Kings
letters

175 175

INDEXES :
I-

Types
Kings, Tyrants, &c.

177

II.

184

III. Titles of

A. Greek

186

B. Scythic, in Greek
C.

Indian Titles and

Words

....
.

187 187 190

rV. Remarkable Inscriptions and Legends

Table for converting English Indies into Millimetres and

tbe Measures of Mionnet's Scale

191

Table of the relative Weights of English Grains and French

Grammes

....

....

192

LIST OF PLATES.

LIST OF PLATES.
I.

Andragoras, Sophytes, Diodotus, EuthyJemus

I.

II.

Euthydemus
Agathocles.

I.,

Demetrius.
II.,

III.

Demetrius, Euthydemus

Pantaleon.

rv.

V.
VI.

Antimachus

I.,

Eucratides.

Eucratides, Plato.
Heliocles, Autialcidas.

VII.
VIII.

Antialcidas, Lysias, Diomedes.

IX. X.

Archebius, ApoUodotus.
Apollodotus, Strato
Strato
I.,

I.

XL
XIL
XIIL
XIV.

Aga1;hocleia,

Menander.
Zoilus.
II.,

Menander, Epander, Dionysius,

Hippostratus, Amyntas.

ApoUophanes, Artemidorus, Antimachus

Philoxcnus, Niuias.

XV.
XVI. XVII.
XVIII.

Hermaeus, Calliope, Kanjabala.

Maues.

Maues, Azes.
Azes.
Azes.

XIX.

XX.
XXI. XXII. XXIII.

Azes, AzUises.
Azilises,

Vonones, Spalahores, &c.

SpaUrises &c., Gondophai-es.

Abdagases, Zeionises &c., Pacores, Orthagnes, Sanabares.

Basileus Megas, Heiaiis, Hyrcodes, &c.

XXIV.

XXV.
XXVI. XXVII.
XXVIII.

Kadphises
Kanerkes.

I.,

Kadaphes, Kadphises

II.

Kanerkes, Hooerkes.
Hooerkes.

XXIX. XXX. XXXI.

XXXII.

Hooerkes, Bazodeo, &c.

Supplementary.

THE COINS
OF THE

GEEEK AND SGYTHIC KINGS

OF

BACTEIA AND INDIA.

INTRODUCTION.
In treating of the arrangement of the coins of the Greek and
Necessity for here

^cythic Kings of Bactria and India,

to enter briefly into all the
history.

it is

necessary

examining

his-

known
order,

facts of their

The Kings of the Seleucid and Ptolemaic

dynasties succeeded one another in a

known

and the chief

events of their reigns have been handed

writers.

down

to us

by ancient
their

It

was therefore unnecessary

to give the facts of

history as an introduction to the lists of the coins issued

by them.

But

ia regard to all but

two or three of the kings

of the farther Bast,

the ancient historians are quite silent ;

and coins and

inscriptions
it is

alone save us from ignorance even of their names.

Therefore

necessary in this Introduction to trace the outlines of any history

which can now be recovered, and in particular in some

forth the historical facts which

detail to set

may

fairly

be estabhshed by means

of the coins.

In order to bring the discussion into the narrowest

it

possible limits,

wiU be necessary
;

(1)

to abstain

from mere con-

jecture, however- tempting

points, merely indicating

(2) to

avoid full discussion of disputed

difference of

where

opinion exists, and

referring,

when

possible, to

works already published, or monographs

(3)

in various numismatic journals;

to treat in detail only such

parts of history as have a numismatic bearing.

The

writers to

whom

credit is

due for the arrangement and deci-

Most important
writers.

pherment

of these coins are, in the first rank,

James

Prinsep* and

General Alexander

Cunningham.f

* Essays on Indian Antiquities.

f Coins

of the Successors of Alexander,

Numismatic

Chronicle, 1868, &o^

XVIU

INTRODUCTION.
liave

Mr. E. Thomas,* Lassen^f and Wilson.J

also

done much
field.

important workj both historical and numismatic, in the same

The most recent monograph on the

whose scholarly acquirements and
enabled him
cessors.

coins

is

that of

von

Sallet,

solid

numismatic judgment have

to correct

on many points the theories of his prede-

Mr. James Pergusson's and Professor CowelFs researches

have also been of the greatest value to the present purpose ; and
there
is

much

valuable matter in von Gutschmid's article on the

Grraeco-Parthian
Britannica,
it
s.

Empire

in the ninth edition of the Encydopcedia

v. Persia.

When

a debt

is

due to other writers,

will

be mentioned in the foot-notes.

I.

HisTOKicAL Outlines.

The numismatics
Alexander the
Great: Eulers who issued
coin B.C.

of the

Greek

rulers of India properly begins

^n^^ Diodotus.
\t^

But

there are a few coins issued

India or neighbouring countries at an earlier

330

period than his, which are, for convenience, in-

**'"

eluded jn this volume.

Whether Alexander

himself,

during his sojourn in India, issued coins in his

own name, may

perhaps be doubted

but
[]

it is

at least a plausible conjecture that

certain bronze coins,

his

bearing the usual types of Alexander and

name, but of square form, were issued in India^ as the custom

of issuing square coins already existed in India in Alexander's time

but in no other country.

in the British

These pieces, then, unfortunately wanting

as the earliest

Museum, may be considered

Greek

coins of India.

* Notes

to Prinsep's Essays.

f Indische AUerthumshunde. X Ariana Antiqua, Zeitschrift filr Numismatih, Berlin 1879. The conjecture is Dannenberg's, Zeitschr. f. Num. vi. 166 (note), who, however, gives the coins to Bactria. India is a far more reasonable attribution..
II

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

XIX

In recent years the region of Balkli

(Bactria) has furnished

an

abundant supply of coins, issued by the immediate successors of

Alexander in that
district.*
j

Among

these are double darics, with

first

Greek

letters

on the obverse

gold and silver coins of the

three
;

Antiochi, with the types of a seated Apollo and of a horse's head

silver coins of Seleucus
I.,

with types of a chariot of elephants and

a horse's head

coins issued during the joint reigns of Seleucus

;

and

Antiochus

I.,

bearing the names of both rulers

class,

and gold money of

an early king of the Persepolitan

with Pehlvi legend.

Among

these also have

silver, of

come
a king

to light a few coins, in gold

and
con-

named Andragoras, who

is

jectured to have been ruler of Parthia or one of the

neighbouring countries in the early part of the third century

B.C.

The
up

only ancient authority

who mentions
by Alexander,

this

king

is Justin,-!"

who

states

Andragoras to have been the name of

of Parthia
(2)

(1)

a Persian noble set

as Satrap

a Satrap of Parthia
Arsaces.
It is

overthrown eighty years later

by

the

first

more

probable that the coins published in our catalogue belong to the

period of the second of these rulers.
that the ruler

The

issue of gold coin

shows

who

issued

them claimed

a complete independence

and

this is a further reason for assigning

him

to the time of the

B.C.

break np of the Seleucid empire in the East, about

250.

The coins of Sophytes were

They
Sophytes.

first

pubHshed by Cunningham.f
their date

are the

more interesting because

issue

and place of

can be approximately fixed.

We learn from
* P. Gardner,
ham, in B. A.
S.

several of the historians of Alexander's reign that

Sopeithes, or Sophytes, ruled a district on the banks of the Acesines

in

Num.

Chron. 1879,

p.

1880, p. 181

1881,

p. 8.

Canning-

B. Journal, 1881,

p. 151.

Especially has a find from the

Oxus

river enriched the cabinets of collectors.

t
X

Justin,

xii. 4, xli.

Of.

Num.

Chron. 1879,

p. 1

1881, p.

8.

Num.

Chron. 1866,

p. 220.

XX

INTKODTJCTION.

at the time of Alexander's invasion,

latter in the possession of
it.

and was confirmed by the But Sophytes' coins are copied from
It

the issues, not of Alexander, but of Seleucus.

would appear

from them that Sophytes renewed with Seleucus, very probably on

the occasion of that king's eastern expedition against Sandracottus,
the friendship which he had established with Alexander.

After this expedition, for the period of a century, that

is

to say

during the third century before our era, India proper was governed
altogether

by

native rulers

the power of the Seleucidae and Greek

kings of Bactria stopping at the Indian Caucasus.

The date
Th B
10
t

of the revolt of Bactria against the authority of the

Seleucidae,

who had

inherited all the eastern parts

revolt.
us.

of the empire of Alexander, cannot be accurately

fixed.

Justin,* however, states that

it

was con-

temporary with another revolt of one of the eastern provinces of

the Seleucid empire, that of the Parthians under Arsaces
;

an event

which took place

in B.C.

248.t

About

that time, then, Diodotus,

II.

Satrap of Bactria, revolted against Antiochus

of

Syria,

and

succeeded in establishing his independence.

He

seems to have pre-

pared his subjects for a change of masters by issuing coin bear,

ing the types of Antiochus

II. of Syria, -but

with his

own

portrait.

After his establishment in the kingdom he continued this issue

unchanged, only substituting his

for that of ^he Seleucid king.
died,

own name,

besides his portrait,

According to Justin, Diodotus soon

and was succeeded by

his son, also

named Diodotus, who made

Parthian king.

a treaty of alliance with Arsaces, the

first

But

it

seems clear that

*
xli. 4.

all

coins which have

come down

to us bearing the

Gardner, The Parthian Coinage, p.

3.

J Br. Mus. Catalogue of Seleucid Coins, p. 15. Cf. Num. Chron. 1881, p. 11. Justin calls Diodotus Theodotus. But Trogus Pompeius seems to xli. 4.
have had the name right, Frol.
lib. xli.

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

XXI
'

name- of Diodotus were issued by one king.

either suppose that Justin is

We

must therefore
single

wrong and has duplicated a

monarch, or that the younger Diodotus continued the issue of his

father's

money unchanged,

or,

finally,

that

the

elder Diodotus
in

continued during his lifetime

to

issue

money

the

name

of

Antiochus of Syria, and that our coins with the name of Diodotus

were issued by his

son,

who

first

ventured to introduce his

own

name and

portrait

on the

coin.

Between these
last, it

alternatives

we

cannot venture to decide ; in favour of the

that the portrait of Diodotus

on

his coins is that of a

may be observed man of not

and bearing an

more than middle age; the

elderly portrait, being

coins

of

flat

fabric,

now

considered forgeries.

We

learn that Diodotus

was superseded

in the rule of Bactria

by Buthydemus, a native
Eastern expedi""^ "

of Magnesia, in Ionia,

possibly a Satrap of

some neighbouring province,

at the time

who was
III.

in full

power

when Antiochus

Antiochus

the G-reat made his eastern expedition, in or about

B.C. 208.

The

accurate pages of Polybius* give us a glimpse into

is

his history

which

very valuable.

Buthydemus being defeated

in

battle

by Antiochus, and unable

to oppose him, appealed to his

generosity, saying that he was born in Asia Minor, and was not one

who had revolted against Antiochus II., but, on the contrary, had gained the kingdom after rooting out the descendants of those
of those

who had
arise if

so revolted.

He

pointed out the grave danger that must

to call in the aid of the Scythians,

he were obliged

who

were already hovering on the Chinese frontier of his dominions. Antiochus seems to have been open to conviction finally, he agreed
:

acknowledge Buthydemus' independence ; and, taking a fancy to Demetrius his son, promised him one of his own daughters in
to

marriage.
* Hist.
X.

ad fin.,

xi. 34.

Xxii

INTUODTJCTION.

After making

terms

witli

Euthydemus, Antioclius advanced

across the Paropamisus

into India,

and made a treaty with the

Indian king, Sophagasenus, or Subhagasena,

time to have been in
full

who seems

at that

possession of the Kabul Valley, the Greek

if

dominion stretching
Caucasus.

little,

at

all,

to the south of the Indian

Thence Antiochus returned, through Arachosia

and

Drangiana, to Syria.

With the beginning

of

the second century

place
in

b.c.

we

find

great

changes taking
Eucratides
:

the

Greek regions of
his son

Central Asia.

On the death of Euthydemus,

:

conquests to East & South

Demetrius succeeded ' and we

_

find, as

contemporary
.

and

rival of the latter, the great Eucratides,

whose
in

career of chequered victory

historical records.

and defeat may be partly traced

At

the same time the Greeks, perhaps in con-

sequence of the constantly increasing pressure from the north of

the nomadic tribes of Central Asia,

made

their

way

across

the

Indian Caucasus, and began to wrest from the native Indian princes
the districts of Kabul and the Panjab, which had been
native
left

under
I.

dominion
III.,

by the

Seleucid

kings

from
to

Seleucus

to

Antiochus

and which Diodotus does not seem

have attacked

for coins of Diodotus are not

found south of the Indian Caucasus.

On

the other hand, those of Euthydemus are found as far south as

Seistan,

and

as far east as the Panjab ;*

and the

city of Sagala, in

the neighbourhood of Lahore, bore the surname of Euthydemia.

Thus the sudden extension of the Greek pale would seem

a feature of the later years of Euthydemus.

to have

been

But

it

appears, from the

statements of ancient writers, that the

actual conqueror

was not

Euthydemus but
in the

his son Demetrius,

who was probably

his colleague

kingdom

as well as his successor.

Thus Justinf speaks of

Num.
Chron.,

* Some were found in the Indus

1869,
p.

at Attok.

See Cunningham, in

137.

xli. 6.

HISTOETCAL OUTLINES.

XXlll

Demetrius as king of India, and Strabo* couples him with Menander

as a chief agent of
is

Greek conquest

in India.

What seems most likely

that Demetrius

made

considerable conquests during his father^s

lifetime.

We are, however, scarcely justified in saying, as does v.Gutschmid.f

that -'Demetrius himself marched

down the

course of the Indus,

conquered Pattala and the kingdom of Saraostes (Surashtra) and

Sigerdis, probably the district of the commercial city Barygaza."

The

careless

language of the passage of Strabo

in

which these-places

are mentioned as within the Greek pale seems only to imply that

some

of the

Greek kings extended their conquests

so far

and

it is

reasonable to suppose that the rule of Menander was extended farther

to south

and east than that of Demetrius ;

to

Menander

therefore the

conquest of the Indus valley

may be with more

reason ascribed.
son's
activity,

Not only did Euthydemus

acquire, through his

territory in India, but he also probably ruled the widest district

ever possessed by the Greeks to the north of the Paropamisus,

from

Margiana to

Chinese

Tartary.

Even

into

the

Celestial

Empire the influence and the trade of the Greeks seems at this
time to have penetrated.

Of

this a proof is furnished

by a coin

brought by Sir D. Forsyth from Kashgar,J bearing a Chinese legend

and inscribed with the name and

Hermaeus.

titles

of a Greek king, possibly

After Euthydemus' death his dominions were broken

up

by the
rise
first

rivalry

between Demetrius and Eucratides, as well as by the

of fresh kings of uncertain origin, such as the'

and usurpations
Antimachus.

* Geog.

xl.

11, 1.

Most of

Strabo's

statements as to early Bactrian history

as subse-

are loose and incorrect.

quent to the

rise

For instance, he speaks of the revolt of Arsaces Euthydemus. of

this coin is of iron, is

t In Bncycl. Brit,, Persia, p. 590. % Numism. Chron. 1879, p. 274. That

formed, denied.

now, I

am

in-

XXIV

INTEODTJCTION.
also the origin is obscure.

Of Eucratides
Coins of

We know, however, by a
his father

fortunate chance, the

names of

and mother.
-

Eucratides

These are tarnished to us by the remarkable coins *

^yhich bear

with his father and mother.

on one

side the

head of Eucratides, and

the inscription BaaiKev'i EvKpaTtST]<; ; on the other

the portraits of his father and mother, Heliocles and Laodice.

The

very collocation of the inscriptions which appear on the two sides

of those
coins, BacriXevi EiiKpaTiSr]';

'HXiotcKeovi
at
all,

icaX AaoSi/cr]<;,

where we seem almost compelled to understand the word shows that in them Eucratides intends to proclaim
Heliocles does not
trait

to?,

hia parentage. for hia

seem to have been a king

por-

wears no diadema, but Laodice's head does seem to be bound

with the diadema, in the Greek East the invariable sign of royalty.

And

indeed her appearance on coins in such a connexion would

scarcely be explicable unless she were of royal parentage.

But we

must remain

in ignorance

whose daughter she was.

Yon

Sallet has

proposed an entirely different interpretation of the coins in quea-

by Eucratides, not in honour on the occasion of the marriage of his son Heliocles (who afterwards succeeded him) with a Laodice, whom
tion.

He

thinks that they were issued

of his parents, but

Sallet

conjectures to

have been daughter of Demetrius by the

daughter

of Antiochus III.,

whom

that

monarch

betrothed to

Demetrius in the course of his Indian campaign.

thesis

On

this

hypo-

some recent writers have

But
it is

tried to build further structures

of theory.
is

unfitted to bear such a weight.

In

its

favour

the one fact that the

)

name Laodice was

usual in (not peculiar

to

the Seleucid dynasty of Syria.

On

the other side are reasons

of

more weight.

The

portraits of Hehocles

and Laodice on the

it is

coins are of elderly, not

young persons

and

not easy to see

how

Sallet

would interpret in the inscriptions which accompany

* See page
19, pi. vi, 9, 10.

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.
the portraits

XKV

the genitive case in the names of Heliocles and

vto?.
(pi.

Laodice, unless he understands before them the word

If
vi.

any
9),

one carefully compares the head of the elder Heliocles

with that of Eucratides
(pL vii. 1, 2),
lie
(pi. v. 0),

and that of the younger Heliocles

far more nearly

must allow that it resembles Eucratides

than his son ; which

artist

may be best accounted for by supposing

that the

constructed the head of the elder Heliocles after his death,

of that of his son Eucratides.

on the analogy

The wars between Demetrius and Eucratides

Wars
of

are mentioned by
this writer

Justin ; *

but the statements of

must

Demetrius and

be received with great

caution, nor can

we

believe

his assertions that the Indian conquests of Eucratides

belong to the end of his reign, or that Demetrius ruled until

nearly the same time.
coins

For the coins seem

to contradict them.

The

of Demetrius

come

in almost all cases in the

from Bactria, those

of Eucratides are very

commonly found
Greek legends

Kabul Valley.

The

coins of Demetrius bear

only, with rare exception,

all bilingual,

while the bronze coins of Eucratides are nearly

indication alike of their later

an

date than the

money

of Demetrius
still

and that they were

issued in India.

We therefore,

must

retain

the opinion that Demetrius ruled only during the early part of
the reign of Eucratides in Bactria as well as in India, and that

Eucratides was for a great part of his reign lord of India as well
as of

Bactria and Arachosia.

Eucratides founded
in

the city of

Eucratidia in Bactria;

Demetrius, Demetrias

Arachosia,

and

Euthydemia

in India.

Cunningham

places the

commencement

of the career of Eucratides

* " Multa tamen Eucratides bella magna virtute

gessit,

quibus adtritus

cum

obsidionem Demetrii regis Indorum pateretur, cum ceo. militibus Ix. milia hoslium adsiduis eruptionibus vicit. Qainto itaque mense liberatus Indiam in potes-

tatem redegit.

Unde cum

se reciperet a

filio

quem socium

regni fecerat, in itinera

interficitnr." Justin,

xli. 6.

XXVI
Eeign

INTRODUCTION.
of

about

B.C. 190,

and tliis date must be approximately

brilliantly,
field

lucratides.

right.*

His reign began

;

and was con-

tinued with chequered fortune

coins are fonnd,f and their

but the wide

over which hia

commonness, seems
his

to testify to his great

title BaaiXeiif;

power.
fieya^ as

We

may

also

remark

assumption of the

a clear indication of extensive dominions,

and the

fact

that his types and titles are copied

by the kings of

Parthia,} and

by Timarchus, king
circulated.

of Babylon, as

showing how widely his money

But
II

it

appears that towards the end of his reign cer-

tain provinces

were wrested from him by the Parthians, probably king Mithradates, who came to the throne
to have lasted

in the time of their great

about
until

B.C.

170.

The reign of Bucratides appears

kings,

the times of two

who

certainly imitate his

money,

Plato,

whom
Plato.

the date on his unique and

to have ruled in B.C. 165,

remarkable coin shows

and Timarchus of Babylon

B.C.

162.

Plato would seem to have been a mere ephemeral rival,

or a revolted satrap of Eucratides.

We must
^ ^, ^ luthydemus
Pantaloon,
,

assign to the period of the reign of Eucratides, that

is,
.

II.

to the first half of the second century- B.C., the ' J of

coins

the

kings

Euthydemus
I.

II.,

Pantaleon,

Att^machuTi.

-Agathocles,

and Antimachus
first

This assignment,

which was

made by von
is

Sallet^ is

on grounds

of style quite incontestable.

It

impossible, in view of the art

* There does not seem to be any conclusive evidence on the point, v. Sallet quotes the imitation of Eucratides' types by certain early Arsacid kings as a proof that Eucratides' reign began early; but the attribution of the early coins of the Arsacidae is a matter of dispute.

t According to Cunningham, they are found at Balkh, in Bokhara; the Kabul Valley, &c., and a few in the Panjab.
t For
B.
II

Seistan

instance, Arsaces VI.,

Coinage, p. 31.

M.

Mithradates I. See Gardner. Tke Parthian Other writers attribute these coins to others of the Arsaoidae
pi.

Cat. Seleucidae,

xv. 2, p. 50.
:

'
.

Tn"

"

'Aairiiivov Koi rifv Tovpioiav d(j>;^p7,vTo EiK/)ari'8,v bl Uapdva'wi

xl. 11, ed.

Kramer.

The names seem

Strabo

corrupt,

and have been variously amended.

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

XXVII

and

fabric of the coins of those kings, to give them, as previous

writers,

and

even

Cunningham

did,

to

the earliest
of style
is

days

of

Bactrian

independence.

And

the

evidence
all

further

confirmed by the

consideration

that as

these kings reigned

on the south side of the Paropamisus, they cannot be assigned

to

an

earlier

period

than

that

of the

Indian

conquests

of

Demetrius.

This

new

light is of the utmost importance in the classification

:

of the earlier Greek kings of India

it

entirely destroys
in
its

an order

which was
is

full

of difficulties,

and puts

place one which

thoroughly intelligible and satisfactory.

The

coins of the younger

Buthydemus

are certainly subsequent

to those

of Demetrius,

whose types they borrow.

this

There can,

therefore, be

no reasonable doubt that

I.,

king was either the

younger son of Euthydemus

grandson of Buthydemus

or else the son of Demetriiis

and

L As

the coins of the younger Buthy-

demus are not by most

the locality -of his reign

writers distinguished from those of the

elder, it is not possible to ascertain their find-spots, or to determine

;

its

date would seem to be about

it

b.c. 1

70.

From

the rarity of his coins

may be judged

that his reign was

soon brought to an end.

Pantaloon and Agathocles strike with almost identical types.

They both adopt the metal nickel* for their coins, and they alone use They seem, therefore, in their legends the square Indian alphabet.
to have

been

closely connected, either brothers, or father

and

son.

Coins of both are found in the Kabul Valley and the western Kandahar. PantaPaniab, and those of Agathocles as far south as

have been the elder of the two, and leon seems from his portrait to reign to have been ephemeral. the rarity of his coins shows his seems to have ruled more widely and longer, and he has
Agathocles
* See Dr. Flight's analysis in

Num.

Chron. 1868,

p.

305.

XXVlll

INTRODUCTION.

left US in

some

of his coins valuable materials for the determination

of points in his history.

Of the greatest importance

is

a series of coins,* which indeed

we

Medals struck
, ,

by

may
'

rather term medals, of Attic of the weight ' & issued

Agathocles

tetradrachms,
ration

by Agathocles' in commemothe Greek rule of

portraits

of his predecessors in

Bactria.

These medals reproduce alike the

of these

predecessors, and,
that only

what

is

still

more unusual,

their coin-types, so

by

their style

and

their inscriptions

do they

differ

from
:

the ordinary coins of those monarchs.

The

inscriptions run thus

AAEHANAPOY TOY

<l>IAinnoY

BAZIAEYoNToZ AfAOOKAEOYZ AIKAIOY

ANTIOXOY NIKATOPOZ AIOAOTOY ZHTHPOZ EYOYAHMOY OEOY

To
these

we must add

the parallel coin of

King Antimachns

AIOAOTOY ZflTHPOZ
I

BAZIAEYONTOZ OEOY ANTIMAXOY

first

have elsewheret discussed these medals, the true character of

V.

which

Sallet

was the

to

establish.

They prove that

Pantaleon and Agathocles, like the younger Euthydemus, belonged

to the faction of

Euthydemus

I.

and Demetrius, and were preAgathocles traces his political

Diodotns, and an Antiochus,+ to

sumably opposed to Eucratides.

pedigree through Euthydemus
* n.
iv. 1, 3,

I.,

XXX. 5,
1881,

6. p.

t Num. Chron.

184.

X It is disputed which of the three first Antiochi of Syria is the Antiochus Nicator of these coins. None of them seems really to have home the title the first was Soter, the second Theos, the third Megas. In favour of Antiochus I it may be urged that he was the only Antiochus who held undisputed sway in Bactria, and might well be regarded by the Eastern Greeks as full successor of Alexander the Great ; also his father Seleucus was called Nicator. In favour of Antiochus II., we have the strong argument that the type of the seated Herakles which is repeated on the Bactrian coin is copied from coins of Syria given by

HISTOIUCAL OUTLINIiS.

XXIX

Alexander tte Great himself.

predecessor.

Antimaclius claims Diodotus as his

to suggest,
II.,

Theee
in
all

facts

seem

what

is

by no means
Agathough

improbable
thocles were

itself,

that

Buthydemus

Pantaleon, and

sons of Demetrius.

And

possibly,

this is

more

speculative, Antimachus, as to

whose connexions we have no

information, was the representative

by descent

or otherwise of the

house of Diodotus.

The types of Antimachus'

Types of imac us.

coins

add one more

to the few

known
on the

facts of Greek- Indian history.

silver coins,

They

are,

Poseidon holding trident and palm

ship.

and on the bronze. Victory standing on a

There

is

no

mistaking the meaning of these types, which clearly allude to a

naval victory
this victory

won by

the king.

It

might seem at
sea.

first

sight that

must have been won on the open

:

But Antimachus'
on the

rule never extended to the sea

his coins are found both

north and the south of the Caucasus, but never south of the
Panjab.

We

must therefore suppose

its

that the naval victory

j

was
it

won on

the Indus, or one of

great tributaries

and, indeed,

be understood that the Greeks would place so large a may river as the Indus under the sway of Poseidon.
easily

Eucratides was succeeded by his son Heliocles.

Heliocles
:

The

coins of this

two

king are found mostly

j^^bul Valley.

in Bactria,

but also in the

classes of coins.

He

is,

as

Canningham remarks, the

"We

last

king who struck to the north of the Indian Caucasus.

mav
The

therefore be almost sure that in his reign the nomadic tribes

conquered the whole country as far south as the Bamian Pass.

silver coins of Heliocles fall into

two

classes.

The

first class

consists of coins of the Attic standard of weight, bearing Greek

In favour of Antioclius III., the only argument the term Nicator seems to he applied to this where is a passage of Malala (p. 261), all weight by the numerous mistakes which of deprived is passage this But king. The balance of evidence is greatly in favour of Antiochus I. or II. contains.
general consent to Antiochus II.

it

XXX
legends only.

INTRODUCTION.

The second

class consists

of coins of a different

weight, which. I call the Persian^* which bear bilingual inscriptions

and a
the

different portrait of the king.

The theory

is

obvious that

first class

was issued by the king while he ruled

in Bactria,

and

the second class at a later period,

of India.

when he was king only

of a corner

And

it

is

greatly in favour of this view' that the coins

of the Bactrian class were largely copied by the barbarous tribes of central Asia, just as the coins of Philip and Alexander were by

the G-auls

who invaded Macedon about

coins, of

B.C.

290, while those of the

Indian class are closely like

subsequent Greek kings of the

Kabul Valley and

India.

Down

to the reign of Heliocles,

B.C.

which must be assigned to about

able to trace with certainty,

Successors of
e IOC 08.

160

120, we are

pj, jj^^jg

jggg tiia,n certainty, the order of succession

of the Greek kings of India.

But we now

arrive

on the verge of a
In
fact,

period of uncertainty, where the data are very scanty.

our

task would become almost hopeless, were

Principal infor-

it

not that the annals of

China preserve a general outline of the history of

Bactria and India in the account which they give
of

mation from

the wanderings of the

nomad

nations on the
centuries B.C.

western borders of China, during the second and

first

To

identify the

names of kings and of places

as recorded

by the

Chinese with those which

it is

we

find on the coins is

no easy task but

a task which has been attempted, and with some measure of

success in the opinion of those best qualified to judge.

The most recent authority who has examined the Chinese evidence as to the migrations of the Tueh-chi, M. E. Specht + Chiaese account
thus sums
it

up

The Yueh-chi were conquered

fled

in

201 and 165

b.c.

by the Huns, and

westward, subjugating the

Ta-hia of Bactria, and fixing their seat to the north of the Oxus
* See bolow,
p. Iviii
.

f Journal Asiatique, 8th

Ser., vol.

ii.

p.

348.

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

XXXI
e.g.

where a Chinese ambassador found them

in

126

After that

visit

they captured Lan-chi, the capital of the Ta-hia.

later,

A hundred

years

Khiu-tsiu-kio [Kadphises
tribes,

I.],

ruler of the Kushans, one of the

Yueh-chi

conquered

all

the other tribes, invaded the

kingdom

of the Arsacidae,* seized

Kabul and Ki-pin [Cophene], and formed a

great kingdom.

His son conquered India, and the empire thus

first to

founded lasted from the middle of the

century.

the end of the fourth

Who
of

the Ta-hia

may be

is

not clear

they have been identified

with the Scythian tribe of the Dahae, but the Chinese description

them

" each town was governed by

would

its

magistrate, the population

was weak and feared war,"

not apply to any Scythic race,

but would very well apply to the native Bactrians under Greek

dominion; and the date at which the Greeks were driven across
the Paropamisus, in the reign of Heliocles, would
B.C.
fall

not far from

126.
for a century later,

In the Kabul Valley the Hellenic race held out

until

Kadphises

I.

led the united tribes of Yueh-chi against them,

first in

and, after vanquishing them, ruled the country, at

conjunction

with the

last king,

Hermaeus, and

finally in his place.

The Chinese

authorities thus

give us two dates of the utmost

:

value for the reconstruction of the history of India and Bactria

the

nomad

tribes

conquered Bactria (Heliocles) about

B.C.

B.C.

125,

and India (Hermaeus) about

25.

These dates both

suit the

numismatic evidence very well.

to a far earlier

Gen. Cunningham gives Hermaeus

25,

period than

B.C.

assigning him indeed

to so

early a

time as 138

120.
it

But not only does

also in collision with
all

this conflict with

historical records, but

is

numismatic tes-

timony.
* About

For Hermaeus was, as

B.C. 31, Phraates,

writers agree, the last of the

with the help of a Scythian army, expelled Tiridates

from the government of Parthia.

XXXU
Greek kings of Kabul.
Heliocles

INTRODUCTION.

We are
us.

therefore obliged to place between

all

and him the reigns of

the twenty Greek kings whose

all

coins have

come down to

To cramp
is

these reigns into the

space of thirty years, B.C. 160

130,
;

an unreasonable proceeding.
coins, those of Zoilus,

Moreover the forms of

Nicias,

letters

on some of the

and Hermaeus, entirely preclude us from assigning them to

B.C.

so early a period as

130

they must be quite a century

authorize the supposition

later.

The

Chinese writers also

that the

Scythian race which wrought the ruin of the Greeks was that of
the Yueh-chi,

who have been

identified with the Tochari of Strabo.

And

the coins, in this

confirming Chinese testimony, show that

the tribe of Yueh-chi to which Kadphises belonged was the tribe

of Kushan, already mentioned on the last page.

This knowledge

is

valuable
still

but

it

leaves us in ignorance

on

many

points.

We

are

unaware to what tribes belonged the

barbarous rulers of India in this age

who

did not

come

in with

Kadphises.

Maues, Azes, and their successors, who established a

as

kingdom

in India,

we

shall

hereafter see,

before the days of

Hermaeus, do not appear to have been Yueh-chi; and we are quite

in doubt as to the connexions of Gondophares

and other

rulers.

Before proceeding to speak more in detail of the various groups

of kings,

we

will set forth in the

form of a chart the general out-

lines of our historical

and geographical knowledge in regard to

them

CHAET TO SHOW EXTENT OE DOMINIONS AND DATES OF GEEEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS.
Sate.

XXXIV

INTEODTJCTION.

Leaving out of account the predecessors of Heliocles, we know

already of upwards
Greek
Successors of

of

twenty kings and of two

the

queens wlio ruled in the Kabul Valley and

Heliocles;arrangemeat.

Paniab after about

''

B.C.

160, and before the Indo-

Scythic conquest of those regions.

The orderly

arrangement of these rulers

is

a matter of the utmost difficulty

and even
is

of impossibility.

The

classification of
it

General Cunningham
resist serious cri-

based on indications so slight that

:

cannot

ticism

and indeed

its

validity

depends in a great degree on

his

arrangement of the early kings, which must now be given up in

consequence of the readjustment
of Pantaleon

and Agathocles.

Von

Sallet so entirely despairs of

is

any reasonable arrangement that

All that has been

he adopts one which

merely alphabetical.
is

attempted in the present catalogue

in

to

group the kings roughly

something

like

chronological order, keeping similar types of

coin as far as possible together.

By means

of the Index any king

can easily be found, and that

It will

is

the chief necessity.

however be well to

set forth briefly

what certain data we

Chronological

possess for the chronological and geographical as-

**'*

si^nment of the kings.

We will
strikes

begin with the

chronological.

The only one

Date of
Antialeidas

of these later
is

kings

who

money on the
therefore

Attic standard

Antialcidas,

who must

be either a contemporary or an immediate succes

and Lysias,

sor
strike

of

Heliocles.

And

as Antialcidas

and Lysias

some

coins in

common

they also
is

must be contemporaries.

which seems to connect him with Bucratidesj his portrait also resembles that of Heliocle^ he would seem therefore not improbably to be:

common

type of Antialcidas

the pilei of the Dioscuri,

long to the Eucratidian dynasty.

The connexion of Lysias

is

obscure.

There are also a few restrikings which help us in the assign-

mSrOEICAL OUTLINES.
Evidence of
^^"

XXXV
India.
I,*

ment of dates

to

some of the Greek kings of

Heliocles restrikes

some of the coins of Strato

and the name and types

Apollodotus I;J but

of Eucratides are

stamped on a piece of

AntialcidaSjf as well as on
it

some

coins which I have assigned to

has been doubted whether these coins of

Eucratides were really issued during his lifetime.

Any attempt finally

Types and legends of coins offer few
indications.

to arrange the

kings in dynastic

lists

by means
destined

of the types
^^ failure.
j^^^.

and legends which they use

is

The kings did not

them according o

inherit these things, to fancy or

./

adopted

conve-

nience.

One

or two instances will be sufficient to

establish this.
is

That Heliocles was son and successor of Eucratides

perhaps the most certain fact in Bactrian history.

title {SiKaio'; for fiiya^),

Yet he does
he does not
last

not resemble Eucratides in his

wear the same helmet, nor use the same types.

In the two

respects Demetrius differs from his father Buthydemus.

On

the

other handj Diodotus,

who

revolted against Antiochus

II.,

retained

the types of the Syrian king.

These instances are

is

sufficient to

prove

that identity of types between two kings

tion to one another, nor
is

no proof of

their rela-

divergence of types any proof that they

were not

related.

Still less

can

we draw any
title.

conclusions from the

form of a helmet or the adoption of a

Perhaps the most suggestive approximation of types

appears when we compare
Strato, with those of

is

that which

the rare coins of Agathocleia, wife of

Buthydemus.
seated,

They bear on the reverse the

is

same type, Herakles

series.

which

not usual in the Bactrian

It

is

almost certain that Agathocleia must have been a

;

king's daughter and heiress

otherwise, as

we know from

the coins

* Strato also restrikes coins of Heliocles.

Sallet, p. 298.

X Cunningham,

in

Num.

Chron. 1869,

p.

226.

XXXVl
of Greek kings, her
coin.
likely.

INTEODTJCTION.

name would

scarcely have appeared

is,

on "the

That she was descended from Buthydemus

therefore very

We have already seen that king Agathocles was probably son

his grand-daughter^

of

Buthydemus j Agathocleia may well have been

But
j

or otherwise related to him. are

in this kind of

argument there
it

obviously the greatest risks

and we

will

attempt

in

no

second instance.

A large

find of coins of the kings

from Heliocles to Hermaeus

Evidence of onipa n .

was discovered some years ago at Sonipatj* and no

-^^^g

^j^^^

^Qg specimens have been weighed by

acutely suggested that the order of the

Gen. Cunningham,
reigns

who has

may be gathered by
lost in circulation

a consideration of the amount of

the coins of different kings,
those

weight

by

kings whose coins are most worn being naturally supposed to be

the earliest.

The

loss is as follows

Heliocles, 5"43 gr.

Philoxenus,

3' 77 gr.

ApoUodotus, 4-57 gr.

Strato, 4'56 gr.

Menander, 3-72 gr.

Diomedes, 3"39
gr.

Antimachus

II,,

4'48 gr.

Amyntas, 3'30

gr. gr.

Antialcidas, 4'10 gr.

Lysias,

Hermaeus, 3"20

373

gr.
it

In

this calculation
is

hemidrachms
standard.

assumed that the normal standard for 37 grains, and that all kings minted up to that
is

This

is,

of course, not certain ; nevertheless, the x-esults

of the test so nearly agree with the testimony of style, that

scarcely be

we can

wrong

in regarding the

above order as approximately

correct

only Antialcidas and Lysias should not be placed so late.

all

Among

these kings, two only, ApoUodotus

and Menander, are

Menander.

^nown

to

US from other sources.

Menander

ia

identified

with the Milinda of the Buddhist work

Chron. 1872,
p.

Num.

161.

HISTOEICAL OUTLINES.

XXXVU
lie

" Milinda-prasna,"

-whicli

records not only that

was born

at the

sub-Caucasian Alexandria, but that he was a just and powerful

rdlerj

and a convert

to the

Buddhist religion.
river

Strabo* says that he

was reported to have crossed the

Hypanis eastward and

are ignorant where the
Pl'utarchf

penetrated as far as the Isamus, but as

we

Isamus was,

this does not greatly

add to our knowledge.

;

records that as a ruler he was noted for justice

and that when he

died

many
is

cities

were anxious to possess his ashes

curious tale,

which

considered by Prinsep to indicate a Buddhist source.

The
is

extraordinary abundance and wide distribution of his silver coins

well known.
gaza,

They were

current, with those of ApoUodotus, at Barystill

many

years after his death,J and are

abundantly found

over a wide region, including Kabul, Jalalabad, Peshawar, Mathura,

and Eampur. They are not brought from Kandahar or Seistan. " From this evidence," says Cunningham, " it is certain that

Menander could not have possessed any part of Arachosia

or

Drangiana, and that his dominions to the west of the Indus must

have been confined to the Kabul Valley and Eastern Afghanistan."

The

coins which bear the

classes
:

name

of ApoUodotus

fall

into two

these are distinguished in the Catalogue.

class are of later
title

ApoUodotus.

The second Cunningham

and poorer

style

and

on them the king usually bears the

says
1|

of Philopator.

General

that the Philopator coins are found only in the

India, while the others are found over a

Panjab and N.-W.

much

wider area, including the " Upper Kabul Yalley in the north,

Kandahar and Roh

in the west

and

east,

and Sindh

in the south."

The evidence, on the whole, indicates that there were two kings of
the

name
*

of ApoUodotus,

of

whom

the

later,

Philopator,

was

xi.

11. 1.
c.

N/

I>e

Bepul. Ger.,

p. 821.

% Periplus maris Erythraei, Num. Chron. 1870, p. 221.

47, ed. Miiller.

||

Ibid., 187-0, p. 77.

XXXVIU
colleague of

INTRODUCTION.

Ms

father, the earlier,

and

his successor in

some part

of his dominions.
certainty
if

And

this probability will

be raised almost to a
of Apollodotus' coins
life-time of the latter;

with the

we suppose that the restriking name of Eucratides took place in the

since the coins which bear the legend Philopator cannot

be brought

within a considerable distance of the reign of Eucratides.

We
data
;

have thus but slight indications, beside those of art and

fabric, to help us in

determining the dates of the

find-spots,

kings from Heliocles to Hermaeus.

safer data for their

and monograms.

.... geographical assignment.

Nor have we
,

The

find-spots of their coins have never been recorded with complete-

ness or accuracy.
to contain the

And

the

monograms which have been supposed

have not been
satisfactorily read, in

names of

niints

spite of the diligent efforts of General

Cunningham, whose want of

is

success* in the matter seems to prove chat success

at least in the present state of
details of the types

not possible,

knowledge on the subject.

And

the

adopted by various kings help us no more in

determining the locality of their rule than in assigning their line

of descent.

We

can,

however, make a few rough divisions

of

territory.

Heliocles and his predecessors minted, as

his successors only
it

we have

seen, in Bactria,

on the south of the Indian Caucasus.

And further,
in

would seem that the Panjab and the Kabul Valley were frequently

different hands.

Thus the

coins of Archebius

and Amyntas seem to

;

be found

in

Kabul, and not to the east of the Indus

and those of

Hermaeus

are far

commoner in the same

coins

district

than in the Panjab.

On

the other hand, the

of kings

Philoxenus, Strato, and

Von

* Gen. Cunningham's readings have not heen accepted by the best numismatists. Sallet remarks, " Such interpretations and experiments have too weak a basis
See also the remarks of M. Chabouillet in the
p.

to serve for historical investigations."

Hevue Nu'mism., 1867,

403.

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

XXXIX

Hippostratus are ctiefly found to

exact statement could only be the spot.

tlie

east of Jalalabad.
after

A more
on

made

many

years' study

The recorded

find-spots of coins are

however

sufficient to give

us

an idea of the extent of the Greek kingdom in India.

states that coins of Apollodotus are

Cunningham
Kandahar

found as

far south as

and Sindh, and those of Menander Jamna.

-as far east as

Mathura on the

And

there

appear to be

proofs in Sanskrit literature*

that a G-reek ruler

Patali-putra

(perhaps Menander) besieged

Patna).

Ayodhya and
were
which

(Oudh and
is

But

these

expansions
districts

temporary, and there

no doubt that the only

were

really Hellenized

were the Kabul Valley and the western

Panjab.

Coins

of
II.,

Antialcidas,

Apollodotus,

Menander,

Lysias,

Anti-

machus

Diomedes, Archebius, and Hermaeus, were found by

Massonf

in the course of a

few years at Beghram

and

since his

time coins of Epander, Dionysius, Zoilus, Amyntas, and other kings

have been found in the same region,

if

not on the same

race,

site.

The
have

kings mentioned, and probably others of Greek

must

all

reigned in the Kabul Valley.

With

the Greek kings

>

we have placed one

of Indian name,

Banjabala.

Eam'abala, whose coins resemble those of Strato, j

and show him to have been nearly contemporary

with that king.

He may have
His

been a satrap of Strato, who asserted been found in the eastern

his independence.

coins have

Panjab and at MathuraJ in company with some of Strato.

* Cunningham, in Num. Chron. 1870,
p. 224.

f See his important Bengal, 1836, p. 537.

J

list

of coins found at Beghram, in the Journ. As. Soc.

Cunningham,

J.

A.

S.

B. 1854,

p.

691.

In

this paper it is suggested that

be identical with Eajapa'la, a king of the lunar race of Dehli, and that Zeionises may be Jivana Raja of the same dynasty. The reasons against these identifications are, however, very strong.

Ranjabala

may

xl

INTEODUCTION.

The barbarous kings who make

SpytMc Kings.

tbeir appearance in India after

the destruction of the Greek kingdoms present

even greater
the Greek kings themselres.
Difficulties of

difficulties

of

arrangement tban do

Between the eastern expedition of

208^ and tbe era of Kanerkes,
A.d. 78,

Antiocbus

III.j in B.C.

rono ogy.

wbich may be taken as fixed* to

there

is

no

absolutely fixed point,

probability.

and we are reduced to arguments of mere

Of

all

the coins of the barbarous rulers, those of

Maues

are

the earliest in style.

Maues.

Yon

Sallet

remarks that the

copper coins of this king are like those of Demetrius

and Apollodotus, and belong to a period not much

of those kings.
art, his coins

later than that

In the forms of Greek

letters,

and the

style of

are superior not only to those of Hermaeus, but also

to those of kings such as Zoilus

and

Nicias.

It is impossible to
first

place

King Maues
B.C.

at a later date
it is

than the middle of the

fact,

century

And
it,

an

interesting

vouched

for

by

Cunningham, that his coins are found in the Panjab

the

only, especially

N.W.

part of

and not in Afghanistan.

We

must suppose
entered India

that he ruled over some Scythic invaders,

who had

not through the Kabul Valley, but through

Kashmir or Nepal, while

the country to the west of Peshawar was ruled

by contemporary
Kashmir and

Greek

kings.

At

present

the

Passes
it is

between

Yarkand
Pass
is

are but

little

used, but

stated that the

Karakoram

open

all

the year round; and the. trade between India

late years greatly increased.

and Yarkand by that route has of

And we know

that in old times

Kashgar was far more thickly

matter of history that Nepal
It

peopled than at present.

It is also a

has more than once been invaded by Chinese armies.

would

appear likely that at the time of the conquest of Bactria by the

* See below,
p.
li.

'

HISTOUICAL OUTLINES.
Yueh-clii,
B.C.

xU

as to

which something has been said already, about

tribe of that

130,

some

race or some other Scythic horde

passed southward through Kashmir or Nepal; and after imbibing

something of G-reek

civilization,

and learning the G-reek language,

succeeded during the decline of the Greek power after Menander

in establishing a

kingdom

to the east of the Indus, of which

Maues

was the

first ruler.

Azes was, according

to general consent, the successor of

Maues.

Von
Azes, Azilises.

Sallet suggests that he

was his son, and reads

the

on

coins

of Azes,

with

hesitation,

legend

YMAVQ,

which may stand for

vcb<s

Mavov.

Azes was certainly

of later date than Maues, as the forms of his inscriptions and the art
of his coins testify.

His money also

is

not found to the west of

Jalalabad ;

it is

therefore likely that he did not greatly extend the

dominions of Maues, though the extraordinary number of his coins

testifies

to

his

wealth and power.

Azes

strikes in conjunction

with Aspavarma, Azilises, Vonones, and Spalirises, and Vonones

in conjunction

with Spalahores and Spalagadamea.

This shows

that Azes, Azilises, Vonones, and the Spalirises group, of

whom
to

we

shall

speak presently,

all

belong

to

one

time

and

single group of kings.

But Vonones and

Spalirises seem,

from

the find-spots of their coins, certainly to have reigned in Kabul

they

may have

ruled there and been tributary to Azes

but

how

they coexisted

with

the

latest

Greek kings and the invaders

from Bactria, the kings of the Kadphises line,

determine.

we

are unable to

Of the

relations

between themselves of the kings composing

of. their coins

this

Vonones,
Spalirises,
&(..

group the legends

in

enable us to judge

some measure :

1.

Baa-iXim

fiaaiXecov fLeyaXov "A^ou

name and

titles

of the

Strategos Aspavarma.

xlii

INTRODUCTION.
Baa-tKia^ ^a^iKeav fieyaXov ''A^ov=Baa-iKeQ)i ^aaCKecov
fi.er^d-

2.

\ov 'A^iKicrov.*
3. BaaCKe(o<i

^aaiXewv fieyoKov Ova)VOV= Baa-tXAa^ dSiX<f>ov BiKaiov

'

S'n'dXaopov.
4. Bacri\eco<! ^aaiXetov fieyaXov

'Ov(opov=S'7ra\a6pov vlov StKaiov

^n-akayoBdfiov.
6.

Baa-tXiw; /SacriKiwv fieyaXov ^traXipiaov

= JBacn\ia}<; fieydXov

^waXipiaov.
6. BacriXim'i
7.

/xeydXov S'TraXipiaov^BacriXeeov fieydXov ''A^ov.f

Ba(TiKeoi(;

dSeX^ov Sirdktpicrov

Baa-iXio)';

dSeX^ov Sixaiov

STraXcplaov.
8.

liTTaXvptoii

BiKULOV dBeX<f>ov tov ySatrtXeco?

SiraXaopov vlov

SiKuiov SirdXar/aSdfiov.
9.

Vonones and Azes (undescribed

ningham's possession).

coin, said to

be in Gen. Cun-

The evidence
decisive as
it

afforded

by these legends

is

valuabloj but not

so

might at

first

sight appear, and capable of being vari-

ously construed.
set

Some points, however, are clear.

title

Four kings

of the

assume the

King

of Kings (Azes, Azilises,

;

Vonones

and

Spalirises),

but they do not do so in succession

Azes seems content

and
Spalirises, at

to share the title in a friendly

way with

Azilises

any

rate, t

Spalirises

was brother of a king, but of which king

is also

does not appear.

his son
is

Spalahores

brother of a king, and he and

Spalagadames strike

in conjunction

with Vonones.

Spalyris

another brother, and at one time Spalagadames strikes in conjunc-

tion with him.

antiquity, except

As

close alliances of this

kind scarcely occurred in

between members of one family, we

may

regard

it

* These

reverse titles arc really written in Indian.

I give, for convenience

the

Greek equivalents.

This

is

sufficient proof that the

assumption of the
to general

title

Bao-iXcis ^airiKimv

'Maharaja adhiraja', does not imply a claim

supremacy.

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.
as probable, if not
certaiiij

xliii

that

all

the kings of the group were

it is

related one to the other.

In that case

likely that Azilises,

all

Vonones,

Spalirises, Spalahores,

and Spalyris were

sons of Azes,

and Spalagadames
or satrap of
descent.

his grandson. as his

Aspavarma was a mere general

Azes perhaps,

name seems

to show, of

Hindu

The kingdom of Maues

lasted in the

hands of these rulers

20

from before the middle

of the first century B.C. at least until a.d. It

or 30, spreading with time over a larger and larger area.

must

have been put down by the growing power of the kings of the

Kushan

tribe,

perhaps by Kadphises

II.

We have

coins of several other kings in India of the same period,

Kings with Parthian names.

who do not appear

^^^.^^^
^-^^

to have been

connected with

dynasty of Kadphises or that of Azes.

is

The only

tie

which connects them together

the Parthian character

of their names,

and

in

most cases of their coin-types.

Pacores and
is

Some both
are

in

name and

portrait,

Arsaces, for

instance,

thoroughly Parthian.

It

to be observed that under Mithradates

and

his warlike successors the Parthians

had extended

their empire

into Bactria,

and driven back the invading Scythians.

.

of the royal Arsacid stock, or mere Parthian

Some scions noblemen, may have

gained a footing in India and maintained themselves in opposition

to the Scythic kings.
'

The most important king

Gondophares
'"^t^

of the Parthian class

is

Gondophares,
his coins calls

whom

goes Abdagases,

who on

and Abdagases.

himself the nephew of Gondophares.

The names

of these rulers fortunately occur in the legends dating from the third

century

a.d.,

which record the

visit of

S.

Thomas

to India, * con-

* Cnnningham,

in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xxiii. Of. also Gutschmid, Rfiein.

Mus. 1864,

p. 161,

and von

Sallet in ^eitschr. f.

Num., 1880,

p. 296.

Gutschmid
with

shows that Gaspard, one of the three kings of the Christian legend,
Gondophares.

is identical

xliv

INTKODUGTION.
is

taining indeed mucli that

S.

untrustworthy, but also a basis of fact.

Thomas

is

represented as converting Gundaphorus, his brother

sister's

Gad, possibly the Orthagnes mentioned below, and his

Labdanes, which'
last

son

name seems
is

to be a corruption of Abdagases.

Where these rulers

that
is,

lived

not very clear.

The legend, however, may

Thomas,
early

furnish some ground for assigning

them

to the period of S.

the

first

century

a.d.

More trustworthy than an

if it

Christian legend should be the inscription at Takht-i-Bahi,

could

be read with certainty.

Professor

Dowson renders thus * "In the

:

26th year of the great king Gondophares, on the third day of the

month Vaisakha,
tunately, doubt

(year) one

hundred of the Samvatsara."

Unfor-

hangs

alike over the reading of

name and

date, nor

can the era be identified, for Samvatsara means merely era.

that

All

we can be

sure of

is

that

Gondophares did not reign in

the hundredth year of the Saka era,

successors (see p.
li)

by which Kanerkes and

If the

his

date their inscriptions ; for the style of his

coins forbids us to place

them

as late as a.d. 178.

name

of

the king be rightly read

it will

prove that Gondophares reigned

is

in the neighbourhood of Peshawar ; but even this

not certain.

A silver coin of Gondophares discovered by v. Sallet, and figured in

our plate xxxiii. 2,

may

perhaps give us a clue to his date.

It is of

the types of Arsacid silver coins, and especially reminds us of a coin of

Mithradates II.

(b.c.

90 or 80), which has similar types on both sidesf

on one the head of the king j on the other the king seated, holding

an

eagle,

crowned by a

City,

who

stands behind him.

And

this last,
it

mentioned type seems not to recur in the Arsacid coinage, so that

would seem

likely that

Gondophares actually copied

it

from the coin-

age of Mithradates.

In the inscription of Gondophares' coin

we find

the epithet avTOKpartop,

which

is

found on the money of only two

1875, p. 379.

* Journ. S. As. Soc, t Gardner, Parthian

Coinage,

pi.

ii,

19.

HISTOEICAL OUTLINES.

'

xlv
11.

Arsacid kings

SinatroceSj

B.C.

76 to 69, and Phraatea IV., a.d. 8

This particular coin of GondopLares then would seem to have been

struck not later than the middle of the
first

century a.d.

The period

mentioned would

suit the other coins of

Gondophares.
rests

That Orthagnes was a brother of Gondophares

Orthaenes
Arsaoes,
Zexonises.

on a reading

^ ^^^ coins proposed by Gen. Cunningham.

position has nothing improbable in

The sup-

Victory which appears on his corns

...
it it

the type of

bemg also found

it

on those of Gondophares and Abdagases.

If

be well founded,

will clearly prove the PartMan origin of the dynasty of Gondophares,

Orthagnes connecting him with other Indian kings

such as Pacores,* Arsaces 0e6^ and Arsaces
8iiiato<i.

of Parthian type

All these rulers

must have been contemporary with the great time of the Parthian
empire.

To the same period

will

be assigned
title of

also Zeionises,

who on

his coins calls himself

by the modest

Satrap.

With

regard to the seat of the power of these Indo-Parthian kings

Dominions
of these kings.

we have

little

information.
at

The

coins of

Gondophares were found in plenty

silver coins in

Beghram by

Masson, and his small rude

the Panjab; while those of

Orthagnes are said by Gen. Cunningham to come from Seistan and Kandahar, and those of Abdagases (with legend Sasasa) from

Western Panjab.

These facts seem to point to an extensive

dominion, and confirm the testimony of the anonymous Egyptian

merchant,t who informs

us' of

the existence of a Parthian realm in

the neighbourhood of the mouth of the Indus, in the reign of

Vespasian.

The

silver coins of SanabareSj of

which there

is

a specimen in the

* Not Pacorus. Almost all the names of the kings of this class end in es ; I have therefore kept that ending in doubtful oases, such as Maues and Spalirises. Periplus maris Bryth., c. 38.. Cf. Mommsen, Mm. GescMchte, vol. v.,

p. 352.

Xlvi

INTEODUCTION.
British

Museum

(pi. xxiii. 10),

have been given by

Sanabares.
V. Sallet to

about the year a.d. 80, and have been

compared

as

contemporary with

money
But the
is

of

the

Arsacid

king

Vologeses III* of that period.

portrait of Sanabares,
still

though

it

resembles that of Vologeses,

II.,

more

like that of

Mithradates

the helmet having cheek-pieces like the helmet

of the latter monarch, while the style of

to anything

work

is

very superior

known

in Parthia

in

the days of Vologeses.

Mr.

Thomas had read on the Museum specimen the date TIT, which he
interpreted as implying the 313th year of the Seleucid,

and

first

of

the Christian era.

But
if

this reading is
it

now disputed,t and cannot

still

be

insisted on.

But

is

given

up we should be
of-

inclined to

place

Sanabares at about the beginning

the Christian era.

Sanabares does not use Indian characters in his legends, but either

Greek or Pehlvi, and four of the

five coins of his in

the British

Museum came from

Persia.

It is therefore likely that this

king

ruled exclusively or principally to the north of the Indian Caucasus.

On

referring to the coins of the Arsacidae,

Series the square
^^^^

we

find that in that

Epigraphy

d and L come
^^^^^
^-^^

in

some twenty years

oUhese kings.

q^

^j^^ ^^-^^^^

square UJ % does not

take the place of il until 8 a.d.

facts that

It is quite in keeping with these

Maues uses round

letters only ;

Azes, Azilises, Spaliriaes

and

their contemporaries, use the square

,

with 12

Gondophares

and Abdagases use the forms a and HI

kings covering the period
b.c.

We

have thus a series of

50 to

a.d. 50.

The date

of Pacores

* Zdtschrift f. Nvm., 1879, p. 356. The text reads the erroneous numbering of Prokesch-Osten. f On other specimens the letters take the form
meaning. J In the text this form
reigned earlier than 8 a.d.
rounder, and of earlier type.
is

'

Vologeses

I.'

Mowing

THT &c.

They may have no

used in the legend of King Nioias,

who

certainly

But on the

actual coins of that king the letter is

HISTOKICAL OUTLINES.

xlvii

and Arsaces
is,

is

not easy to

fix,

but must

fall

during this period.

It

however, noteworthy, as von Sallet points out, that the coin of

Arsaces ^eo? bears precisely the same types as one of Maues.

The nameless king, who

The nameless

calls

himself

merely Soter Megas,

in
his

naturally gives

us no clue

inscription to

decide his

affinities.

Some
;

of his coins are in type

as he also

and

style closely like those of

Abdagases

and

makes use

of the form HI, he must be of about the same period as that king,
A.D.

30-50.

His coins are found in great numbers in the Kabul

possibly have been a

Valley.

He may

member

of the Kadphises

dynasty.

After the kings of Parthian character

Heraas and the
Sakas.

we must mention some

not dissimilar, yet

others whose types

are

who

appear to be of Scythian race.

is

Among
(pi.

these the'

most important

Heraiis,

whose remarkable coin

this

xxiv. 7) throws

some

light over the history of

troubled time.

Of

late the-

reading of the legend TvpavvovvTo<s 'Hpdov SaKUKOipdvov has been

disputed, but without solid reason, except as regards the last word.

may with equal exactness and but even if we do thus read it, the
This

probability be read Koppdvov^

presence of the TvpavvovvTO'}

which

is

quite undisputed, proves that unusual

Greek words may

be-

expected at this time, and suggests that Koppdvov jn&j be a corruption of Koipdvov.

The reading

HPAOY
ZAN

is

allowed by Mr.

Thomas

but he now disputes the important word Saka, reading;

it

instead of

the unintelligible words

AB.*

But we must,
is-

point out that on the Brit. Mus. coin the third letter of the word

not formed like the N's, of which there are four in the inscription, but
like a retrograde

M, which

is

on

late

Parthian and Bactrian coins an.

'passim.

ordinary shape of

:.

see pis. xxv,

vi.

Thus there seems

to read

to.

A similar coin KQ r r AI/ID Y*

in the possession of

M. Tigsenhausen seems

ZAM AB-

See Thomas, B. A. S. Journal, 1883, p. 75.

xlviii

INTRODUCTION.sufficient

be at present no

reason for doubting

tliat

Heraiis calls

himself a Saka king ;

and we thus gain a confirmation of the

statement of ancient historians, that that race was prominent in the

conquest of India from the Greeks.

But

Heraiis probably ruled,

like other kings of the class, to the north of the Caucasus.

Similar in type of head to Heraiis

Hyrcodes and
others.

is

Hyrcodes, one of whose ordinary

is

tjpeSj that of the half-horse,

taken from
Syria,

silver
cir-

coins of the early Antiochi of

which

culated in Bactria.

Wilson

states that
;

most of

his coins

come from

the Bactrian side of the Caucasus

to

Mr. Thomas,* that they belong

Kerman.

At page 119
same
class

of the Catalogue will be found a few

coins of the

which seem to bear the names of other

kings

but these legends may be mere blundered attempts to

produce some more intelligible name.

Finally,
Kadpiiises

we have
I.

to

speak of a well-defined gl-oup of kings which

its rise

takes

with that

Kozulo Kadphises who

successor of

and

successors.

appears on coins as colleague and

last quarter of

Hermaeus.

His date must be the

the

first

century

B.C.

We
Sakas,

do not

know to what branch of the widely extended race of or nomads, Maues and his successors belonged. But we have who
are identified
to

reason to think that the group at present discussed were kings of

the Yueh-chi,

and that they belonged

by Cunningham with the Tochari the Kushan branch of that tribe.

We
B.C. 25,

have already seen how Kadphises led the Yueh-chi, about southward across the Paropamisus and conquered Hermaeus
reduced to a state of vassalage.

whom he

Under

his successors the

dominions of the Yueh-chi went on increasing.

succeeded by the king

Probably he was

who

bears the very similar

name

of Kozola

On

a coin probably similar to our

pi. xxiv. 13,

Pehlvi characters (Sassanian Inscriptions,

plete for

p. 10).

Mr. Thomas reads Guath in Our coin is not sufiSoiently com-

me

to be sure of the reading.

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

xllX

Kadaphes, who on

his

money

calls

himself the ruler of the Kushans.

The

portrait of this ruler

on the coins bears so strong a resemblance

Kadaphes,

to that of

Augustus that

it

seems

all

but certain that

he must have reigned at the veiy beginning of the

Christian era.
bable,

That he succeeded the

is

first

Kadphises

is

very pro-

and

it

equally probable that he was succeeded

second,

who on

his coins calls himself

by the Ooemo Kadphises, and whose

reign brings us

down

to the accession of Kanerkes in a.d. 78.

We

thus have a succession of princes of the same or nearly the same

name extending over 100

years,

and

it

is

hard
in the

to believe that they

do not represent a dynasty which reigned

Kabul Valley,

We have on a copper-plate from Manikyala (Taxila) a record, wherein

Inscription

a satrap called Liako Kusuluko dates from the 78th

^^^^^ of

rom

axi a.

the great king Moga.

It

seems not unlikely

that the satrap in question

still

may be Kozola Kadaphes, and perhaps

is

more probable that the great king Moga

Maues.

Kadaphes,

who probably

reigned at the very beginning of the Christian era,

may

well be placed seventy-eight years later than the accession of

late as the

Maues, which must be placed not so

century
b.c.

middle of the

first

But of course

it is all

but impossible that Maues can

j'ears.

have himself reigned seventy-eight

The

reference must be

not to the year of his reign, but to an era established by him.

The evidence derived from the

Spread of
India.

style

and epigraphy of coins ^eems

I.

to

show that Kadphises

and Kadaphes ruled but

Kadphises came in
ruling in the

a part of N.-W. India.

When

as an invader from the north, he found

Hermaeus

Kabul Valley, and reduced him

to a state of

dependence.

At

the

same time Azes was probably ruler of thePanjab; and perhaps some
of the later Greek rulers, such as Hippostratus,
still

held rule on

the lower Indus.

When Hermaeus
occupied
his

died no Greek succeeded him,

but

Kadphises

place.

Kadaphes, or the nameless

INTRODUCTION.
:

king, must have succeeded Kadphises

their contemporaries

must

have been Azilises, Spalirises and Gondophares.

They become dominant unaer Kadphises II.

That the coins of

Gondophares and of the nameless king are alike

found in abundance at Beghram, while those of

Kadaphes are not abundant, seems to show that the

Yueh-chi did not rapidly extend their dominion in India, but met
at first with formidable rivals in the descendants of Azes.

Only on

the accession of the second Kadphises did the power of the invaders

become altogether predominant.

his

It appears that

under him and

;

successors

it

was supreme
of

in all

N.-W. India

and Greeks,

Parthians,

and the race

Azes

alike disappear

from history as

reflected in the coins.

Kadphises
Successors of

II.,

Ooemo Kadphises, was

a wealthy monarch, and the

kinffs, as to
.
.

founder of a powerful line of Scythic

Xadphiseg
II.,

whom
^^^^
^^

inscriptions give us

....

some information.
first

His
a.d.

audHooerkes

about the middle of the

century

His successors are the kings called on their coins

Kanerkes and Hooerkea, and

in the records

Kanishka and Huvishka.

Their rule comprised the whole of N.- W. India and the Kabul Valley.

The date of these kings was a matter

The!r date

of uncertainty until the

brilliant conjecture

of Mr.

Fergusson* as

to the

origin

and use of the Saka era

is

settled the matter.

Mr. Fergusson's theory

accepted by most Sanskrit scholars, and

its

the numismatic evidence in

favour

is

so overwhelming, that the

fact, v. Sallet

numismatist cannot hesitate to join them ; in

had before

the publication of Mr. Fergusson's paper assigned Kanerkes to the

same period

into

which he

falls

on the theory proposed in that paper,

and that on numismatic evidence only.

The new theory

is

that the

Saka era
*

starts

from the date not

of the destruction of the Sakas,

On

Miiller,

the SaTca, Samvat and Gupta Eras, J. R. A. India^-What can it teach us 1 p. 291.. "

S. 1880,

p.

259.

Cf.

Max

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

il

but of the

esfcablisliraeufc

of their empire in India under Kanerkes. *

at

It is fixed to A.D. 78.

The dates
:

Mathura and elsewhere are

p. 46,

said

to

be as follows (Thomas Ancient Indian Weights,

and Jainism,

p. 10)

:_
King.

Saka Year.

Ykjie A.D.

Kanerkes,

9,11,18,28
33, 39, 47,48, 51

87106.
111129.

Hooerkes,

Vasu Dara,

44, 83, 87, 98

122176.
In a

The evidence

of finds confirms this

assignment of dates.

tope at Ahin Posh near Jalalabad, Mr. Simpson found together the
following gold coins
:

6 of Kadphises,
1 1

10 coins of Kanerkes,
1

of

Hooerkes.

of Domitian,
reigns

of Trajan,

of Sabina.

The
A.D.

of

the

Roman

imperial persoas

cover

the period

81-136; and this proves that the deposit cannot have been

buried until about a.d. 130,f probably in the reign of Hooerkes.

It is true that in the

Manikyala tope there were found with coins

denarii which belong to, the period

of Kanerkes

some worn consular

but
it

before Augustus,}:

is

more than probable that these

coins

were not buried

It

till

a long time after their issue.

seems to be universally allowed that the Kanerkes and Hooerkes

of the coins are the

Kanishkaand Havishka of "inscriptions, and

that

these were successive kings of the Kabul Valley and the Panjab.
Vasn Deva.

But the Vasu Deva

posed to correspond

of the inscriptions,
to the

who

is

sup-

Bazodeo of the

coins, is

a more mysterious personage.

;

He

overlaps in the dates Huvishka,

* Or, perhaps, Kadphises II. as it is Kadphises who begins the issue of Induand Kanerkes' earliest date is the year 9. the throne in 128. The coin of her issue, now preserved in Sabina came to t the British Museum, is not as stated by previous writers " much worn," but seems to have greatly suffered, whether in ancient or modern times, by being exposed to
Scjthic gold coins
:

heat.

The

coin of Trajan is worn.

iii.

Cf. /.

B. A.

Soc. 1880, p. 266.

J Jouvn. As. Soc. Bengal,

p. 34.

Ju

INTRODUCTION.
to have reigned for

and appears
Indeed,
if

no

less

a period than fifty-four years.

one inscription be rightly read, he sometimes dates from

year 5 of the era, * which will give to his reign the impossible length
of

94 years.

Prof.

Dowson

therefore suggests that

Vasu Deva may

have been the name given by their Indian subjects to kings of the

Kanerkes dynasty.
the words

In favour of this view

it

may be remarked

that

Vasu Deva

occur in Sanskrit letters

on coins of various

periods and classes; and the supposed Greek equivalent

BAZOAHO
copies,

occurs only on Indo-Scythic coins of semi-barbarous fabric.

The

coins of
fairly

Vasu Deva
good

are succeeded

by a large variety of

some of

style, others of

barbarous work, neither class

bearing intelligible legends.

Some

of these, in copper, were usually

given to an imaginary king Ooer Kenorano, such being their legend.

Von

Sallet has, however, conjectured that as there, are

no gold coins

with the legend Ooer Kenorano, and no copper bearing the legend

Ooerke Korano, the copper coins above mentioned must have been
struck by king Hooerkes.
the discovery in the
to those reading

This conjecture

is

strongly confirmed by

Museum

series of coins f in all respects similar

Ooer Kenorano but reading clearly Ooerke Korano. between the two legends
is

But

in fact the difference

almost evanes-

cent,

in the

one taking the place of K in the other; however,

in the inscriptions of ^his class these

two

letters are constantly

confounded.

The gold coins which repeat barbarously the legends and types of Vasu Deva become eventually of thin fabric and cup-like shape, like some of the issues of Byzantium of the ninth and subsequent centuries.

But they must be

earlier

than that period, and are perhaps

copied from the concave coins of the class struck at Persepolis

during Parthian supremacy.

* Cunningham, Archaeological Beports,

iii.

30.

Dowson, J.R.A.S.
p. xlvii.

vii. p.

381.

t Pages

156-8.

+ See above,

INSCRIPTIONS.

liii

The

wliole class of

Indo-Scythic gold coins appears as a most

remarkable phenomenon amid the coins of India, especially as gold

coins are entirely wanting in the Greek-Indian issues after the time
of Eucratides.

The

line of descent of the

new

issue

must he traced
still cir-

not through the gold

money

of Alexander, which perhaps

culated in southern Asia, but through the

first

Roman
India,

aurei which were

at the begiiining

issued in abundance

by Augustus, and which

their

of the Christian era

made

way

into

where they have

been found in conjunction with coins of Kadphises and Kanerkes,

In weight the ludo-Scythic coins nearly correspond to the Boman.
-

11. Inscriptions.

The

inscriptions
:

on the coins contained in

this

volume are of the

following kinds
(1)

in

Greek language

Greek characters.

On

the coins of earlier

kings, from Diodotus to Demetrius, Greek legends

Greek language.

only are employed.

After that time we usually find

It
is,

Greek on one

side of the coin only.

however, quite evident that

the Greek letters and the Greek language were generally understood
in northern India
era.

and

in

Kabul

as late as the second century of our

This

fact,

clearly

established

by the

testimony of coins,

confirms the otherwise not trustworthy testimony of Philostratus,

who
no

represents that Apollouius of Tyana,

when he

visited India,

had

diflSculty in

making himself generally understood by speaking

Greek

Greek.

In the Hindu revival under the Guptas the Greek language

traces

was probably swept away with other

Notable
is

of

culture.

the use

by some

of the later rulers of poetical Greek

words
(2)

like Koipavo^, Tvpavvecov

and

aviKrjTo'i.

Indian language
sorts.
anguage.

in native characters.

These

last are of

two

The

square letters of the so-called

Indian
;

^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^

^^ Pantaleon and Agathocles only the

liv

INTEaDUCTIOK.
characters, called Arian Pali, are used

more cursive

by

all

the other

kings down to the latest times.

In the case of the edicts of Asoka,

the Arian characters are used only in the Kabul Valley, and the

Indian characters elsewhere ; and this fact shows, what

is

proved in

many

other ways,

how

completely the Greek and Scythian power

in India centred in the

Kabul Valley.
I have called

The language which

is

by the general name

of Indian

a debased form of Sanskrit or Pali,

is

To

fix

authoritatively the

readings of words in this language

scholar.

impossible except to a Pali

all cases,

I have therefore given, in nearly

the readings of

previous writers, unless they seemed to

me

to conflict with the clear

testimony of the coins;

in which case (a very rare one) I have

ventured on innovation.
decide

In the cases where

authorities,

it

was necessary

to

between various

have sometimes had the

kindly
Still

advantage of the advice of Mr. Cecil Bendall, who has

allowed

me

to profit

by

his

wider knowledge of Sanskrit.

philological

more have I regarded any

presented
criticism

criticism

of the forms
task.

by the

coin-legends as lying outside

my

Such

might well form a supplement to M. Senart's valuable

papers on the language of the Asoka edicts in vols. xv. and xvi.
of the Journal Asiatique, but in a numismatic

work

it

would be

altogether out of place.

And

this is clearly a task

which could

only be attempted with advantage by a highly-trained Sanskritist.

The system here adopted

the same as
is

in transliteration of Pali inscriptions is

used in other

Museum

Catalogues, and nearly identical

with that used by Prof. M.Williams in his Lexicon and Grammar.

To the
Forms

letters in

which these inscriptions are written I have paid

of

closer attention,

paleography being perhaps more

nearly related to archaeology than to philology.

To

determine their forms requires care and a practised eye rather than wide linguistic knowledge. I have drawn up a table of Arian Pali

MONOGRAMS.
letters

used on the coins, after careful comparison of the authoritative

tables

drawn up by Gen. Cunningham

;

(see p. Ixx).

All the letters in

the table have been cut upon types

will in future

so that printing in this alphabet

be comparatively easy.

With

the square or Indian Pali

characters I have not concerned myself, as they occur on so few coins.

(3)

Scythic language in Greek characters.

tions

These are the inscripkings of the Kanerkes

Scythic

on coins of the

late

language.

^^.^^p^ ^^^.^ ^^

p^O^ NANO, KOZOVAO, KOPANO,

deities

and more

especially the

names of

on the reverses.

These

words, so far as at present identified, are of non-Scythic origin,

borrowed from the languages

of

India, Persia,

and Greece, and

only bearing the Scythian stamp in their termination o, and in

modifications of the forms of words.
Lists of Greek, Scythic and Indian words will be found in the

Index of Inscriptions; and renderings of the last-mentioned in the

table at p. Ixxii.

III.

MONOGKAMS.
periods
is

In the

field of

coins of

all

a prodigious

number of

monograms and detached

of the Arian Pali class.

letters,

sometimes Greek and sometimes

If these could be read

and interpreted,

there can be no doubt that they would afford us most valuable

information.

But they present the

greatest difficulties.

Gen. Cunningham has well remarked, in regard to some of the

Difficulties

Greek monograms, that

their constant recurrence

of interpretation.

(jQring successive reigns proves that they cannot

denote monetary magistrates, but must stand for mints.

reason in this
;

There
tries

is

but when the

writer goes

further,

and

to

identify the various mints which they respectively represent, we,

like

most students of these coins both

in

England and abroad, are

unable to follow him.

While therefore we must acknowledge the

Ivi

INTRODUCTION,

possibility that

many

of the Greek

monograms may stand

for tho

names

of mints,

we must

stop short at that point.

shall

Nor

does there

seem any probability that we

advance further, until the find-

spots of Bactrian and Indian coins are far

more exactly recorded than

letters of the Pali

they have hitherto been.

The monograms and

alphabet do not recur in the same

way

as the Greek, but vary far

more ; and

it

does not seem probable that they stand for mints.

for the

They may stand

names

of magistrates,

for

the date or

number

of the issue, or

tbey may have been used

for

some other

purpose which has not yet been guessed.

circumstances,
it

Perhaps, in these

may seem
Catalogue
;

superfluous to record

them, as has

been done in

this

but

it

is

impossible to be sure that

valuable information will not some day be extracted from them.

IV. Types.

The

types which appear on the coins described in the present

volume are most interesting from tbe point of view of art and
mythology; but
but
little
it

is

to be regretted that they furnish ns with

historical

information.

We

have already noted

the

futility

of trj'ing to determine the genealogy or the dominions

of the Greek kings by

means of the types of

their coins ;

and the

same holds

true, in scarcely less degree, in

regard to the kings of

Scythic race.

It

is

a remarkable fact that throughout the period

of which

we

treat there

seem

to

have been in N.-W. India

artists

capable of designing original types for coins, so that the necessity

for a slavish copying of foreign coins,
to the historian, does not

which gives valuable material

ai-isen.

seem to have

In the types used by Greek kings we find great variety, and they
Types of
ree

open to us quite a new chapter of

Greek

art,

ngs.

aS'ording fresh proof of the remarkable originality

TYPES. of the artists of the Hellenistic age.

Ivii

In regard to their

style,

we may
and
of

note two points

(1)

The extraordinary realism

ii.

of their portraiture.
(v. 1),

The

portraits of Demetrius (pi.

(v. 7),

9), of

Antimachus

Eucratides

are

among

the most remarisable which have

effect of

come

down

to us from antiquity,

and the

them

is

heightened in

each case by the introduction of a peculiar and strongly-characteristic head-dress,

detail.
(2)

which

is

rendered with scrupulous exactness of

of the full-length
ii.

The decidedly Praxitelean character

on the reverses.
(iv. 4, vii. 2),

figures of deities
iii.

The

figures of Herakles (pi.

9,

3), of

Zeus

of Poseidon (v. 1), of Apollo (v. 4,

ix.

10), are all in their attitudes characteristic of

the school of

Praxiteles.

The types

of

Greek

deities

which we find are sometimes

Thus,
1),

more

distinctive

than the style in which they are rendered.

is

on coins of Demetrius, Artemis

coins of Agathocles
(iv. 4)

sometimes radiate
his

(pi.

iii.

on

Zeus bears in

hand the three-headed

Hekate, Herakles crowns himself with a wreath, Pallas appears in

short skirts,

and many other such strange forms of Greek

deities

appear.

To

search out the reasons of these variations of type, reasons to

local Indian

be found probably in many instances in the influence of

or Persian legend or belief, would be a very attractive task, and not

hopeless, considering the data furnished us

by the legends
shall

of the

gold

Indo-Scythic

coins, as

to

which we

presently have

to speak.

The

earliest of the clearly

Indian types to make

its

appearance

is

Semi-Hellenic
types.

a dancing-girl, wearing long hanging earrings and

oriental trousers,
(iv.

on the money of Pantaleon

to

(iii.

9)

and Agathocles

9).

As we come
is

a later period, non-

Hellenic types, or types in which there

a non-Hellenic element,

gradually
(xiii.

make

their

way on
(xxxii. 7)

the coins.

On

coins of Philoxenus

9)

and Telephus

we

find a radiate figure of a sun-god

Iviii

INTRODUCTION.

standing, holding a long sceptre.

On

those of

Amyntas

(xiv. 11)

and Hermaeus
capj

(xv. 8)

we find the head of a deity wearing Phrygian

But when we reach the issues
of

whence

issue rays.

King
Tyche

Maues
original

(pis. xvi., xvii.),

we

find a wealth of
figures
;

most remarkable and

resembling

barbaro- Hellenic

figure

(xvi. 3) J

holding in one hand a patera, in the other a wheel,

still

who

seems to be the original of the

coins (xviii. 10, 11)
;

more outlandish

figure of Azes'

a radiate Artemis, with veil flying round her

head

(xvi. 4)

a draped goddess, bearing a crescent on her head,

stars
;

and standing between two

original
is

and several

others.

Still

more

the type

(xvi. 9),

where a seated Zeus grasps

(vii.

in his

extended hand, not, as usual, a Victory

(vii. 5),

9)

or a thunderbolt

but a being who seems an impersonation of the thunderbolt,

in the midst of it
;

where a nymph, perhaps a Maenad, stands grasping two stems of vine. Maues' successors, Azes and Azilises, use types of the same class.

and stands

as well as the type (xvii. 2)

A careful consideration of
means or other Maues and

these facts will convince us that

by some

his race secured the services of artists

who had been

Greek
relics of

instructed

by Greeks, but were not

these coins

restricted

by

traditions.

In

fact, in

we have
of

the sole remaining

an interesting school of
first

art, -one

many which

existed in

and which have passed away almost without leaving any memorial. It would further seem that kings,
Asia in the
century
B.C.,

who were

the patrons of art, and understood the Greek language,

must have been considerably softened and refined by contact with

civilized neighbours.

The
Hinda

first

of Indian deities to claim a place on the coins

is

Siva

^^
types.

^^^"^^ * "^^^^ ^'^ appearance

(pl.xxii. 8, 9),

on the coins of
it

Gondophares
fessed that this figure

may

must be conwith equal plausibility be called a

though

Poseidon, for the cha,racteristic marks of Siva are absent.

But on

TYPES.

lix

coins of

Kadptises

II.

the buU^ which appears beside the deity,

;

sufficiently

proves him to be Siya

and on the money

of

Kanerkes

and

his successor

he appears in more and more native form, four-

armed, and bearing the numerous symbols associated with him in

local belief.
It is

probable that the goddess

lotus,

who appears on

the

coins of
is either
:

Azes as standing on a

and holding a flower

(xix. 5),

Parvati, the dread wife of Siva, or Lakshmi, the goddess of

lie

fortune the supposed lion, which seems on the coin to

under her left

elbow,

may be

after all only a

lump

of oxide.

These, and the dancer

strictly

on the coins

of Pantaleon

and Agathocles, are the only

Hindu
given

types to be found on coins before the time of the great Yueh-chi

dynasty,

when

other deities come in, as will be seen by the

list

below.
,

To speak

of Parthian types on coins at

all

may seem
.

a misnomer,

Parthian types.

since there are no original Parthian types in ex"

_

istence, if

we

except representations of the king

himself: in these matters the Parbhians were imitators of the Greeks.

But there are, notwithstanding,

style of art,

certain types of deities,

and a certain

which we learn to associate with the coins of Parthia;

in India, a

and when we can trace these on coins issued

arises that the

presumption

king who issued them was

of Parthian stock.

For

example, the portraits of Parthian kings, bearded, and wearing the

diadema, have quite a distinct aspect ; and we find this aspect in the
portraits of Grondophares, Pacores, Orthagnes,

and Sanabares.

The

type which represents a City crowning the king, which occurs on the

money

of Phraates IV. and subsequent kings of Parthia,

(pi.

is

used by

Zeionises

xxiii.
is

4)

and Nike, who

is

continually present on
xxiii.,

Parthian coins,

quite a feature also on our pi.

which contains

coins of the kings of this group.

Indeed, some of their coins, such

as xxiii, 10 and 11, are altogether of Parthian type.

In view of their types, the gold coins of the conquering Tueh-chi

Ix

INTRODUCTION.

kings are of surpassing interest.

The obverse

pre-

^T
first

"

"h ^h'

sents us with a figure of the king clad in helmet and

armour, which are closely like those borne by the

Arsaces of Parthia on his coins.

The reverses are extremely

variedj and present us with a multitude of types borrowed from

several different mythologies.

their interpretation

Had

these coins been, anepigraphous,

would have

baffled all ingenuity;

but fortunately

the names of the various deities represented are written beside

in

them

Greek characters, only somewhat disguised by being crushed into

Scythian forms.
published,

On

these types two important papers have been

one by Mr. Thomas* and

one

by Dr. Hoffmann.f
know-

Though

the present writer does not pretend to the linguistic

ledge of either of these scholars, he ventures to discuss their results

from the numismatic point of

archaeology.

view and

that

of

comparative

On

these gold coins the following types appear:

{a.)

Geeek and Semi-Geeek

Types.

Deities.

Inscriptions.

HAIOC

Eadiate sun-god, holds sceptre.

CAAHNH
NANAIA

Male moon-deity, holds

sceptre.

Female deity holding

fore-part of a horse.

sceptre,

which ends in the

These types occur in the series of coins issued by king Kanerkes with Greek legends only. The names
of the
deities

are given in Greek,

not Scythic.

Nevertheless, in the types there are clear signs of

barbarism.

The

figure of ^elios is identical with

that on bilingual coins inscribed with the

* Jainism, or the Early Faith of AsoTca

name

of

J.

S. A.

S. 1877.

t Ahhandlungen f.

d.

Zunde

des Morgenlandes, vol.

vii.

(1881), no. 3, p.

139 sqq.

'

TYPES.
Inscriptions.

Ixi

Types.

Micro, and

tlie

figure of

Nanaia with that on the

'

coins inscribed
is

NANA

while the type of

Salene
is

borrowed from the coins inscribed

MAO, and

male instead of female.

Nanaia, though a deity of

Persian origin,* was clearly regarded by the diecutter as Greek, perhaps as identical with Artemis,

but there

is

much

that

is

oriental in her figure.

;

NANA,

Female deity

holdin'g sceptre, as above

over her

NANA PAO
[OAIIO]

forehead, crescent.

The PAO
are

is

evidently only a

suflax.

The crescent
and

of course indicates a lunar deity.

NANO

OKPO

combined on a coin published by ProkeschArch. Zeit. 1849,

pi. x. 8.

Osten.

HPAKIAO

Herakles ; holds club and apple.

HPo

Artemis clad

in

long chiton; holds

bow and arrow.

is

The type
zling.

is

unmistakeable, but the legend

it

puz-

Mr. Thomas reads

ZPO 'Ceres' (?),but that

I venture to suggest

brings us no nearer to Artemis.

that the

word MEIPO

(see p. Ixiii) is intended, for

we

find in other instances that inappropriate legend

sometimes accompanying types which were, as we

may

conjecture, unintelligible to the die-cutter.

shield.

PAO PHoPO

War-god, standing; holds spear and

The word PAO, evidently meaning king

or royal,

may

be detached from the legend.

The remainder,
it

PHOPO,
Greek

cannot be with certainty explained, but

it is

seems most likely that

a mere twisting of the

is

APHZ, and

that the intention

to portray

the Greek war-god.

The type

suits

Ares perfectly.

long dissertation on her by Hoffmann,

1.

c, p. 130.

Ixii

INTRODUCTION.
lypes.

Inscriptions.

PIOM

Pallas, or

Roma;
reads
is

holds spear and shield.

Mr. Thomas
or even

PIAH, 'Rhea'

(?).

-But PlOM,

PCJM,

nearer to the actual legend, and

the types of Pallas and

Roma

can scarcely be

dis-

tinguished J I

am

therefore inclined to find here an

city,

impersonation of the great

such impersonation
coins.

being usual in contemporary

Roman

CAPAPIO
Qjpoisi

Sarapisj holds sceptre

modius on head.

Deity, wearing modius, holds sceptre.

^'

rCJPOH?!

^'^ disposed to identify this figure with

the

Greek Uranus, though he may almost as

for the

well stand

Indian Varuna.

(/8.)

Persian Deities.

AOPO,

Fire-god, holding

hammer and

tongs.

AGOPO

Male
This

figure, holding
is

wreath and tongs.

the Iranian fire-god, called

is

by Mr. Thomas

Atars; but his form

copied from that of the

Greek Hephaestus.

APA6IXPO

Sun-god, with hand raised.

(Persian

?)

The

origin of the

name

is

obscure

it

may even

be a mere corruption of

APAOXPO.

APOOACro

Male

deity, holding wreath, horse beside him.

first letter

The

has usually been corrected to A.

it

Hoffmann, however, observes that as

stands the
It is

name

is

near to the Persian word Luhrasp.

not certain that

his only
solar.

we have here a sun-god,

attribute, being

the horse,

marked

not necessarily

MANAOBAro

Moon-god, four-armed, seated on throne.

TYPES.
Inscriptions.

Ixiii

Types.

Mr. Thomas interprets the legend ' Mslonh Bago,'

a particular form of the Iranian moon-deity.
HofE-

mann

recognizes the deity as

Bahman (Mano Vohu)

moon-god.

MAO
MIlPO,

Moon-god, holds

sceptre, wreath, ankus, &c.

for the

Mao
MIPo, MIOPO,
[ONio]

is

Zend name

Radiate sun-god, holds sceptre, wreath, &c.

[In one case the inscription accompanies a figure of Nanaia.J

The form
occur.
to

MIOPO

does not, so far as I know,

The

deity intended seems therefore rather

his Graeco-

be the Iranian sun-god Mihira, than

counterpart Mithras.
deities.

Eoman

NANA
OANINAA

See above, under Greek

Victory, holding wreath and sceptre.

The Zend word Vanant stands

victory

for the star of

(Hoffmann).

Mr. Thomas considers

the

legend to refer to Anandates, a Persian deity mentioned by Strabo.*

of his character

But he was a male

nothing.

deity,

and

we know

OAAO
is

Wind-god running.
"Zend,
'

-wmd-god,' vdto " (Hoffmann).

The type

very characteristic, and decidedly original.

OPAAFNO

War-god

holds spear and sword.

The legend has been read

posed by Mr. Thomas
considers the deity to

OPAAFNO,
the

and sup-

to refer to Agni.

Hoffmann

be

Persian war-god

Varhran, or Bahram.

<l>APPO

Deity holding
*

fire,

sceptre,

sword, &c., some-

'Qiiauov Koi 'AvaSdrov, ILepaiKav Saifiovav, page

512

(c).

Ixiv

INTEODUCTION.
Types.

Inscriptions.

times wears winged helmetj or stands on a fire;

sometimes holds the cadaceus of Hermes^ and even

his purse.

The Persian word far

and that the deity
is

or farr
is

signifies

fire,

a fire-god

evident.

Hoff-

mann

calls

him the god

of victory,

hvarenanh,

" Hoheits and Sieges-glanz."

(7.)

Indian Deities.

APAOXPO
[AOXPO]

Female

deity,
is

holding a cornucopiae.

The type

nearer to that of the Greek Tyche

than to any other figure.

The legend has been

regarded as a transcription of Ardha-ugra, half or

consort of Siva, Parvati.
for Siva
is

And

that

OKPO

stands
:

certain, as

we

shall presently see

but

there

still

remains for explanation the aspirate

X for

K, as well as the curious circumstance that the cruel

and

telentless Parvati should appear in so

mild and
deity in-

propitious a form.

Hoffmann considers the

tended to be the Persian Ashis, daughter of Ahuro,

goddess of fortune.

Others suppose her to be

Lakshmi,

the

Indian

goddess

of

fortune,

who-

closely corresponds to Tyche.

MAACHNO

War-god Skanda, holding standard and sword.

There can be
sents the
little

doubt that the legend repre'

Sanskrit Mahasena,

ruler of a

great

army,' an epithet of both Siva and Skanda.

The

TYPES.
Inscriptions.

Ixv
Types.

figure so nearly resembles that of

Skanda
it

in the

present series, that

Later,

it is

safe to identify

-with hitn.

Mahasena reappears,

in

somewhat

different

form.

OKPo

Siva, standing with trident

and bull

his hair in

form of a

shell.

Siva having four hands, in which he holds a vase,

an Indian thunderbolt,* a trident, and a goat

sometimes a wreath or a Greek thunderbolt
is
:

he

sometimes

phallic.

There has been a quite unnecessary doubt as

identification of this figure;

to the

Hoffmann calls

it

Ahuro,

and von

Sallet "

Pantheon aus Zeus, Poseidon, Herais

kles," &c.

No
is

doubt there

a Greek element in the

type, but the attributes prove

beyond any doubt that

Siva(Ugra)
goat, are

intended.

The thunderbolt, trident, and

arrangement of the

all

attributes of that deity as he appears in

Hindu
hair

pictures,

and the

special

and the

phallic nature also belong to

him

espefaces.

cially.

On some of the late coins Siva has three

figures of

CKANAO
KOMAPO, BIZAro

Two

armed

deities

one holds standard

and sword, one sword and spear.

These figures also can be unhesitatingly identified
as Skanda, the

Hindu god of war, who' bears the

prince,

epithet of

Kumara, the

and Visakha, who

is

called in the

Mahabharataf a son and impersonation

of Skanda.

* On

p.

132

this attribute has been called a

drum.

Its

form

is

that of a drum,
it is

but the occurrence of the Greek thunderbolt in the hand of Siva shows that Indian counterpart of that weapon.
14384, &c.

the

i.

2588,

iii.

Ixvi

INTBODTJCTION,

Insariptions.

Types.

CKANAO
KOMAPO,
is

Two figures, as
j^
^j^jg

before; between

them a

deity,

who

apparently torned.

MAACHNO,

remarkable group we find again Skanda

:

Kumaraj and Visakha

be Mahasena, who
(jJPON
See above, under
(S
)

the third figure appears to

is
'

here differentiated from SiVa.

Greek

Deities.'

Buddha.

BOAAO,

Figure of Buddha, standing, preaching.

OAYO ROY ^ f CAKAMA, 5 iro RoYAAo

t \

Buddha
^,

seated cross-legged (PI. xxxii. 14).

. .

: \ ,, These coms are most mterestmg as givmg us the

.

earliest

known

artistic representation of

Buddha.

The second and longer legend seems

script of Advaya

to

be a tranBritish

Buddha Sakyamuni.* On a

Museum specimen
ing

CAKAMA is clear; the old read-

CAM AN A, with its interpretation Sramana, must

is re-

therefore be given up.

The

style in

which these various figures are represented

markable, and
points
clearly to
.

a local school,
all

style of types.

ihere are a few set schemes according to which

the figures are arranged.
attitude as

Nanaia

(xxvi. 10) is in exactly the

same
his

Ardochro

(xxvi. 6).

The sun-god

(xxvii. 9) finds

close parallel in the

difiers

moon-god

(xxvii. 22) .

Pallas, or

Roma

(xxviii.40)

from Ares

(xxviii. 17)
is

only in the length of her chiton.

This

being the case, it

evidently futile to seek the originals of the types

of these coins, as one of the Caesars.

might be tempted to do, on the Roman aurei

Thus the

Roma

(xxviii. 20) is closely like Pallas

(xxviii. 1 3)

on

an aureus of Galba., and the Victory

* The word advaja
be advaya-vadin,
'

nearly resembles
;

is

due to a suggestion of Mr. Bendall

the

full

form would

he who speaks of the one (knowledge).'

"WEIGHTS

]xv:11

Victory on an aureus of Otho ; yet

similar cases to

we have no
coin
is

right in these

and

assume that the

Eoman
mode

the prototype, and

the Indian coin the copy.

Rather both coin-types are copies of a

of representing the deities.

conventional and widely current

Within the Kmita

and drapery the

set

by

their conventional notions as to attitudes

freely;

artists

employed by the Scythic kings move

they vary attributes continually, and in the case of Siva even develop
a,

type quite different from anything to which they can have been

accustomed in a Greek school.

V. Weights.
It
is

maintained by Gen. Cunningham that the earliest Greek

coins of India, those of Sophvtes, are struck not on r j '

The purana.

the Attic standard, but on a native standard which

is

based on the

rati or grain of abrus precatorius.

Of these
gr.,

grains,

32 weigh, according to Cunningham, 58^ English

according to

Thomas 56
early

gr.

We

thus reach a unit, the purana, followed in the

;

punched

silver coins of India

is

and that the money of Sophytes

enough, though
if

follows the same standard

likely

so

it is

rather

over-weight.

Apart from these specimens,

Use
of Attic

all

the earlier coins of the kings of

in India

Greek descent which were issued

and to

standard.

q^^ north of the Caucasus, are struck on the Attic

standard (drachm, 67*5 grains) which Alexander made universal in

the regions which he conquered, and which was maintained by the
Seleucid kings

who succeeded him

monarch

in Asia.
;

The
and

earliest

to strike on another standard is Bucratides

in the reigns of his successors, Heliocles

is

and Antialcidas, the

Attic standard

gradually given up, the

new standard advancing

in conjunction with the custom of using on the coins Indian transcripts of the

Greek legends.

Isviii

INTllODUCTION.

This new standard appears to be identical with that called by

metrologists the
Feisian standard.
.

Persian,
^,

the standard on which

/.

coins were struck

m all parts of the Persian Empire,

i t-.

-n

notably the

sigli

stamped with the figure of the Persian king, which

must have

freely circulated in the northern parts of India,

which
for

paid tribute to the Persians.

The standard used by the Indians

is

the silver coins, which they issued before the Greek conquest,

as

we have
Persia.

already remarked
to

difi'erent.

The present standard

therefore

would seem not

be native to India, but an importation from

In the Persian standard the unit or drachm weighs 84-86 grains

if

therefore the lower

standard of the Greek kings of India be

heavier pieces, which weigh as a
pieces,

Persian, we must

call the

maximum

160 grains, didrachms; and the smaller

grains, hemidrachms.

which weigh up to 40

Hitherto the larger pieces have usually been

treated as didrachms,

and the smaller

wrong.

as

hemidrachms, of Attic
be

standard, which

is clearly

But

Sallet also appears to

wrong

in supposing that the larger pieces are tetradrachms,

and the

smaller drachms of a standard reduced from the Attic.

For the

change from the Attic standard to that which I

place suddenly, and
is

call

the Persian takes

evidently due not to any sinking of standard,

difi'erent

but to the adoption for purposes of convenience of a

for coins.

weight

All gold coins before the Indo-Scythic standard,

Gold standard.

period follow the Attic

somewhat debased.

The Indo-Scvthic
'

gold money, as

we have
Rome.

already observed, p.

Hii,

follows the standard of the aurei of

table gives approximately the normal or standard weights of coins in the various metals issued in India by Greek and Scythic kings.

The following

PERCY GARDNER.

kix

NORMAL WEIGHTS OF COINS.

GOLD.
Grains.

Stater of Attic Standard

Drachm

of Attic Standard

Indo-Scytliic distater

stater

quarter-stater

SILVEE.
Tetradrachm of Attic Standard

Drachm

of Attic Standard
of Attic Standard

Hemidrachm

Obol of Attic Standard

Didrachm

of Persian

Standard

Hemidrachm

of Persian Standard

THE ARIAN
Value.

PALI ALPHABET,

ON COINS.

THE ARIAN PALI ALPHABET, ON COINS.

Value.

Ixxii

TABLE OF TRANSLITERATIONS AND RENDERINGS OF PRAKRIT LEGENDS.

Indian.

Greek equivalent.

Englisli rendering.

INDIAN PALI.
Akathukleyasa
Paratalevasa

AFAOOKAEOYZ

HANTAAEONTOZ
BAZIAEnZ
AEIAN
PALI.
King
(genitive)

Eajine

AkatHukreyasa*

INTRODUCTION.

Ixxiii

Indian.

Ixxiv

INTRODUCTION.

Indian.

Greek equivalent.

English rendering.

Kaliyapaya

KAAAlonH
KAAA<I>EZ
de-

Kaphsasa
Karisiye vata

nagara

God

of the city of Karisi.

Cunningham.

Kasasa Kujula or

KAA<|)IZOY

Kuyula
Kusliana or
1 )

KOZOYAO or KOZOAA
KOPON
or

Khushana

XOPAN

Kushan

(tribe).

Lisiasa or Lisikasa

AYZIOY

Mahachhatrapasa
Maharajasa
Maharajabhrata or Maharaj abhraha

Satrap (gen.).

BAZIAEnZ
BAZIAEni:
AAEA<|)OZ

King

(gen.).

Brother of the king.

Mahatasa or Mabatakasa
Mahisvarasa

MEfAAOY

Great (gen.): Pali, mahanta.

Great prince

(gen.).

Menadrasa

Moasa

MENANAPOY MAYOY
NIKIOY

Nikiasa

Pakurasa

Palanakramasa

HAKOPOY EYEPPETOY

Perhaps for Sk. palanakahamasa, 'able to protect' (^n.). Ksh not being a Prakrit combination of letters, we have not been able to find an example of it in Arian Pali, BendaU.

Philasinasa or Philusinasa

<|)|AoEENOY

Pratichhasa

Eni<|)ANOYZ

Ulustrions
(gen.)
.

for prattkshiyaaa

BendalL

Pntrasa

YIOY

Son

(gen.).

INTRODUCTION.

Ixxv

Indian.
Eajabalasa, Eamjarl bnlasa, &c. j

Greek equivalent.

English rendering.

PAIY
BAZIAEnZ
BAZIAEflN
) )

Eajadirajasa or Bajaiajasa

King

of kings (gen.).

Steadfast in true law

for eatyaBen-

Sachadhramathidasa

dharmasthitasya
daU.

(gen.).

Sagaba
Sampriyapita

Brother:

for sagarbha.

Gun-

ningham.

To whom
of the

his father is very dear. This seems to be a rendering

Greek ningham.

(piKoTtardip.

Cun-

Sarvaloga isvarasa

Prince of

all

the world {gen.).

Spalagadamasa
Spalahorasa
Spalirisasa

Stratasa Strategasa

ZnAAIPIZoY ZTPATflNOZ
General
(gen.),

Greek

(rrparriySs.

Teliphasa

THAE<|)OY

Theuphilasa
Tradatasa

OEOOIAOY ZriTHPOZ

Saviour

: perhaps for a Prakrit tra^iadatasa (gen.), of. Sk. tranakartri. Bendall.

Vrishabha

TAYPOZ
ZAOOY

BuU.

Tavugasa or Yauasa

Yueh

(gen.).

Ixxvi

COREIGENDA.
Page 68,
no. i,

&

p. 69, nos. 9,

10

The object described in

is

the' text

as a

whip over the

king's shoulder seems to be merely the

falling ends of -the regal diadema, greatly exaggerated.

On

the coins of Azes and succeeding kings this view

adopted.

Pp. 103, 105

The

first letter

in the

transliterated sometimes as

name of Gondophares (^) is ga and sometimes as gu. It may

stand for either, or even

gam

GREEK AND SCYTHIC

KINGS OF BAOTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Hetal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

ANDEAGOEAS, KING OF PARTHIA?

B.C. dr. 300.

Gold.

Bust of Zeus r,, wearing taenia; drapery round

neck.

ANAPAroP[OY
quadriga

Warrior

r.,

in

drawn

driren by four

by Nike, and
horned
horses,

galloping.

131-9

M-1

behind,

Wf
Silver.

[PI.

I.

1.]

Head

of a City r., wearing turreted crown.

ANAPAroPOY
I.,

Pallas standing in chiton and peplos holds owl in r., 1. rests on shield

clad

which is adorned with Gorgon's head ; behind her, spear.

255-8 iK,l-15 behind,

WP.

[PI.

I.

2.]

GBBBK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OF BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverao.

Reverse.

SOPHYTES, KING IN
B.o.

INDIA*.

dr. 300.

Silver.

Head

of the king
-

r.,

in

Zfl<l>YTOY Cock
ceus.

r.

above, cadu-

close

fitting

helmet,

bound with wreath wing on cheek-piece.

58-3

M&

on section of neck,

[PI.

I.

3.]

DIODOTUa

I.,

KING OF BACTHIA.

No.

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

No,

EUTHYDEMUS

I.,

KING OP BACTRIA.

No.

GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BACtKIA AND INDU.

No.

DEMETRIUS, KING OF INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

()8)

Bronze.

Bust

Herakles of r., bearded, crowned with ivy ; lion's skin round neck, club over sboulder.

AHMHTPIOY

BAZIAEAZ

Artemis, radiate, facing, wearing short chiton ; holds in 1. hand, bow ; with r. hand, draws arrow from quiver at her shoulder.

13

^1^1Gorgon-head,
shield.

to

I.,

14

[I.

0. C.

PI.

III.

l.J

on

round

AHMHTPIOY
to
1.,

BAZIAEnZ

Trident.

15

^1-35

^
Caduceus.

Head of elephant r., beU hung round -neck.

16

BAZIAEflZ

AHMHTPIOY
tol..
[I.

iEM5

0. C.

PI.

III.

2.]

GBEBK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

PANTALEON, KING OP INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

PANTALEON", KING OF INDIA.

(Son and successor
(a)
1

of Demetrius.)

NicMl.

Bust of young Dionysos r., wearing ivy-wreath

thyrsos over .shoulder.

BAZIAEflZ
raised.

Panther to
1.

r.,

riANTAAEONTOZ
tol.,

fore-paw

110-2 NI-95

EY1

(/3)

Bronze, round.

Bust of young Dionysos r., weajing ivy- wreath ;

thyrsos over shoulder.

nANTAAEONTOZ
raised.

BAZIAEnZ

Panther to
1.

r.,

fore-paw

^95

to

I.,

A.

[PI.

III.

8.]

(y) Bronze, square.

"J

1
.6
1;

{RajinePamr
talevasa*).

BAZIAEnZ Maneless riANTAAEONTOZ in

square.

lion

r.,

incuse

l/*A -0
figure

dants
clad

Female with long penfrom her ears,

oriental
;

in
r.

dress

with trousers
her

holds in

hand a

flower.
[PI- "I- 9-]

-95

^85
iE-9
[I.

0.

C]

on the coins of Agathocles.

abnormal.

* I repeat General Cimningham's reading of this inscription and those The Indian inscription in the text is a facsimile
:

taken from the inscriptions on the coins

some

of the

forms

of letters

seem

10

GREEK AND SOTTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

AGATHOCLES, KING OF INDIA.

(Son and successor 1 of Demetrius.)
(a) Silver ; with portraits of his predecessors.

AAEZANAPOY TOY <t>iAinnoY

Head
skin.

BAZIAEYONTOZ AFAeoKAEOYZ
AIKAIOY

1.

Zeus seated on throne

of Alexander as
r.,

with back;

Heraldes

in

lion's

holds eagle and long sceptre.

251-2

^1-4

to

1.,

R:

[PI. IV. 1.]

AlOAOTOY

Head

of

ZnTHPOZ
r.,

Diodotus

BAZIAEYONTOZ Zeus striding hurUng AfAeoKAEoYZ to

I.,

diad;

AIKAIOY
aegis

thunderbolt
;

on

1.

arm
;

at his feet, eagle

1,

263 '5 .111 -3

to

1.,

wreath

to

r.,

|^

[PI. iv. 2.]

EYGYAHMOY
0EOY
demus
I. r.,

Head

of Euthydiad.

BAZIAEYONTOZ AfAeoKAEOYZ
AIKAIOY
1.

Herakles,

bearded,
naked, seated
club,

on rock ; in r. hand, rests on a rock.

261-2

which

^1-2
Silver
diad.

to

r..

[PI. IV. 3.]

(|8)

with his own portrait.

Bust of the king

r.,

B AZ A EnZ Zeus, facing, clad AfASOKAEOYZ in himation;

I

holds
in his

in

r.

hand, three-headed

Hekate who bears two torches

1.

hand, long sceptre.

[PI. IV. 4. J

240-8

^1-2

tol.,

63-6

^-8

[PL

IV.

5.]

AflATHOCLESj KING OF INDIA.

11

No.

12

GREEK AND 8CYTHIC KINGS OP BACTHIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

(0 Bronze ;

square

Indian legend.

TA^t^7
tJmJcreyasa).

stupa,
star.

{AhaBuddhist surmounted by

^TY'^')^

{Hiduja Same).

Tree

in a square railed enclosure.

15

M-75

letters? in field.

[PI. iv. 10.]

ANTIMACHUS, KING OF INDIA.

(Descendant and successor of Diodotus?).
(o) Silver.

Bust of the king

wearing causia.

r.,

diad.,

BAZIAEnZ GEOY Poseidon, ANTIMAXOY facing, wearing himation and wreath; holds in r. hand, trident ; in 1., palm,

bound with

fillet.

262-3

Ml-35
Ml-15

tor.,.

[PI. V. 1.]

260-5

252-3

Ml-2

k.

59-

JR-8

|tor.,

31-5

|tor., bsj.

[PI. V. 2.]

10-6

M-i5
I

to

r.,

R:

[I.

0. C.

PI. V.

3.J

EUORATIDES, KING OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

13

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

EUCEATIDES, KING OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.

(Contemporary of Antiochus IV. and Demetrius
(a) Silver
;

I.

of Syria.)

type, Apollo,

Bust of the king

fillet-border.

r.,

diad.

clad in BAZIAEnZ ApoUo and chlamys EYKPATIAOY

1.,

boots ; holds arrow and bow.

257-2 .31 1-2

to

1.,

256-5

^1-3

261-

^1-3
^1-3

[I.

0. C.

PL

V. 4.]

261-

[I.

0.

C]

58-5

M-1

(border of dots.)

|tol.,

Kh
The

[I.

O.C.

PI. V. 5.]

(j8)

Silver

type.

Dioseuni.

Bust of the king

fillet-border.

r.,

diad.

BAZIAEI2Z

EYKPATIAOY

Dioscuri charging r,, holding long lances and palms.

The

258-5

^1-25

below, f:.

[PI. V. 6.j

259

iRl-25

lAI.

[I.

0.

C]

u
No.

GEBEKAND

SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

EUCRATIDBS, KING OP BACTKIA AND INDIA.

15

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

(y) Silver

type, Pilei of Dioscuri.

Bust of the king

r.,

diad,

BAZIAEnZ EYKPATIAOY
surmounted by
palms.

The pUei
stars
;

of the

Dioscuri, laur.,

and two

19

9-9

^45

below,

[I.

0.

C]

20

9-1

-45

21

9-9

iR-45

22

10-8 .51-5

bf-

[I.

0. c.

PI.

V.

10.]

23

9-5

.^45

[I.

0.

C]

24

10-

^45
^45

K.

25

9-2

lAI.

26

7-3 i5l-4
(broken)

[I.

0. C.J

Bust of the king and helmeted.

r.,

diad.

BAZIAEnZ EYKPATIAOY
below,
IA|.

Similar type.

27

9-9

^45

28

10-1

^45 ^45

[PI. V. ll.J

29

10-

30

6
(broken)

^4

nr.

[I.

0.

C]

GREEK AND 8CTTHI0 KINGS OP BACTEIA AND

INDIA.

No.

EUCRATIDES, KING OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.

17

No.

18

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

Metal.

No.

Wt.

Size.

Obverse.

Keverse.

BAZIAEflZ
diad.,

MEfAr.,

AOY EYKPATIAOY I"!"*!-^^/ Head of the king

without helmet.
pilei of

I^'T^V
by
stars,

{Maharajasa EvuTcratidasa).

The

the Dioscuri surmounted

and two palms.

56

^6 ^6
[I.

57

0. C.

PI. VI. 5.]

(X)

Bronze; sqiiare; type, Nike.

BAZlAEnZ MEPA- T^V j^ AOY YKPATIA0Y y\^2^:7/ Bust of the king

r.,

{Maharajasa UvuTcratidasa).

Nike

diad.

and helmeted.

1.,

bearing wreath and palm.

58

^65

to

1.,

cp

59

[I.

0. C.

PI. VI. 6.]

60

M-7

Similar? (obscure coin).

Same

inscr.?

Nike

r.,

bearing wreath

and palm.

61

M-65

MEfAAoY BAZIAEnZ EYKPATIAOY

Bust of the king 1., helmeted, striking with
spear.

Same

inscr.

Nike

r.,

bearing wreath

and palm.

M-9

to

T.,\^.

[I.

0. C.

PI. VI. 7.]

HELIOCLES AND LAODICE.

19

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Eeverse.

{rj)

Bronze; square;

type, Zetis.

BAZIAEnZ MEfA- 'l7'\'^lAh*^1^ {Karisiye AOY EYKPATIAOY nagara devaia *). Zeus seated
1
1.

Bust

the king diad. and helmeted.

of

r.,

on throne; holds wreath and palm;

in front, forepart of elephant
r.
;

behind, conical object.

63

M-1

tor.,

OC.

[PL

VI. 8.]

EUCEATIDES, WITH HELIOCLES

AND

LAODICE.

(Father and mother of Eucratides.)

Silver.

BAZIAEYZ MEPAZ H A lO K A EOYZ KAI AAOAIKHZ EYKPATIAHZ

Bust of Eucratides diad. and helmeted.
r.,

Busts jugate

r.

with bare head ;

ofHeliocles, and Laodice, diad.

251-4

^1-25

(fillet-border).

to

1.,

lAI

(fillet-border).

[I.

0. C.

PI. VI. 9.]

61-1

M-

Itol., lAI.

[PL

VI.

10.]

* This
'

is

the god of the city of Kariei.'

of Apollodotus
:

the conjectural reading of Gen. Cunningham, who interprets, These coins are sometimes restruok upon
it

money

seems, however, not improbable that they

See Introduction.

may

have been issued

after the death of Eucratides.

20

GEEBK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTKIA AND

INDIA.

No.

Wt.

MetaL
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

PLATO.

B.O.

166.

(Contemporary of Eucratides.)
(a) Silver.

Bust of the king r., diad. and wearing helmet adorned with ear and horn of bull, and crest
fiUet-border.

BAZIAEAZ Eni|)ANOYZ
rjAATIlNOZ
diate, clad in chiton

HeHos r., raand chlamys;

in quadriga.

249-

iRl-3

to

r.,

M:

in ex.,

PML*

[Pl.vi. 11.]

(year 147 of the Seleucid era.)

* The
visible,

can scarcely be considered a certainty, but a down stroke

letter existed.

which seems to prove that a third

HELIOCLES.

21

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

HELIOCLES.
(Son or brother of Eucratides.)
(a) Silver ; Cfreek inscription ; Attic weight.

Bust of the king

fillet-border.

r.,

diad.

BAZIAEnZ HAIOKAEOYZ A K A OY
I I

winged
sceptre.

Zeus, laur., clad in himation ; holds and long thunderbolt

facing,

261-2

M\-3
Ml-25

tol.,

Kf.

[PI. VII. 1.]

258-

[LO.C]
[PL
VII. 2.]

259-7

Ml-25 Ml-15

5.

249-8

246 6

Ml-i
Ml-3

in ex.,

nr.
.

240-8

to

1.,

[1.

0.

c]

205-1

^105
(plated)

58-9

^8
^8
^-8

in ex.,

nr.

[PI. vii. 3.]

56-7

A or A
lAl

10

56-8

to

1.,

(inscr. semi-barbarous.)
[I.

0.

C]

22;

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Eeverse.

(;S)

Barbarous copies in bronze.

11

Ml-2

13

M\-2

.14

Ml-l

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

HELIOCLES.

23

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obyerse.

Reverse.

(Another Heliocles?).
(y) Silver
;

Indian inscription

Persian weight.

BAZIAEHZ AIKAI- T^H'lT^^.'^V OY HAIOKAEOYZ T^ A 2? A '1'^

Bust
of

{Mahdrajasa
dhramilcasa

the

king

r.,

diad.

Heliyakreyasa). Zeus, laui., facing,

clad in himation
;

holds 'winged

thunderholt and long sceptre.

22

146-4 JSilOb

toL, lOP.

[I.

O.C.

Pl.vn.

5.]

23

34'5

^65

tol.,

Z.

[I.

O.C.

PI. VII. 6.]

24

34-2

^65 ^65

25

26-3

(8)

Bronze

square.

BAZIAEnZ AIKAI- TT'M'JT^^.'^^ *t] '^ OY HAIOKAEOYZ r A^A

Bust of the king
diad.
r.,

(Mdhdrajasa,
dfiramikasa
1.

Heliyakreyasa).

'

Elephant

26

^85

below, fW,

27

^85

24

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND

INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEI2Z
Bust

AIKAIr.,

OY HAIOKAEOYZ
of the king diad,, bearded.

yh M'i T ^ A^ A
Z.
K.
[L 0.

;^

'n.~

{Maharajasa

tj/4>

dhramihaea
Elephant
1.

Heliyakreyasa).

28

iE-8*

below,

29

^85

above,

(inscr.

ends

A;re-a-s).

C.

PL

VII. 7.]

BAZIAETIZ
Elephant
r.

AIKAI- Same

inscr,

Indian bull

r.

OY HAIOKAEOYZ
30

^8
iE-95
to L,

[I.

0. C.

PL

VII. 8.]

31

P]

* Restruck on a coin

of Strato, the characters

^2

remaining on

the reverse from previous striking.

ANTIALOIDAS.

25

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Beveree.

ANTIALCIDAS,
(a) Silver; Attic weight.

Bust of the king

fillet-border.

r.,

diad.

BAZIAEnZ NIKH<l>oPOY ANTIAAKIAOY Zeus, laur.,

seated
1.

Nike,

who

on throne ; holds in r,, bears wreath and pahn;

in 1., long sceptre; in field 1., forepart of elephant with bell round neck, who raises his trunk.

257-2

Ml-35

tor., )?(.

[I. 0. C.

PI. VII. 9.]

{P) Silver ; Indian weight.

BAZIAETIZ
<t0P0Y

NIKH-

ANTIAABust of the

KIAOY
king
r.,

T^%'*17'^(^)7

rajasa

diad.

jayadharasa Andialikidasa). Zeus seated 1. on throne ; holds in r. hand, palm and wreath; in 1.,
; to 1., small elephant upwards, who grasps the wreath in his trunk.

sceptre

34-5

M-e5

to

r.,

1^

[PI. VII.

10]

Same

inscr.
r.,

Bust of the Same

tre

inscr.
r.

king

diad.

holds in
;

Zeus seated 1. on throne; hand, Nike; in 1., scep-

to

1.,

forepart of elephant,

who

raises his trunk.

36-4

M-65

below throne,

)?(

(elephant

r.)

38-

M-7
M'65
(king wears causia).

tor.,

101.

[I.O.C.]

37-9

below throne,

)?{
VII.

[PL

11. J

26

GREEK AND 80YTHI0 KINGS OP BAOTBIA AND INDIA.

No.

ANTIALOIDAS;

27

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Eeverse.

(y)

Bronze; round.

BAZIAEnZ
<|)OPoY

NIKHjayadharasa Amtidlikidasd). Laureate pilei

ANTIAA'

KIAOY
r.,

Bust of Zeus with hand hurling

thunderbolt.

of the Dioscuri,
stars
;

sur-

mounted by two pahna.

16

between them,

M-9
M-85
iE-85

to

r.,

|?(

17

to

1.,

[PI. VIII. 1.]

18

(J)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEflZ NIKH<|>0P0Y ANTIAAKIAOY Bust of Zeus

r.,

T^ ?A^ T^ "1.~V
T"l%'*17^(?)7
mounted by two palms.
stars

{Maharajqsa

bare-headed
1.

thun-

jayadharasa Amtialikidasa). Laureate pilei of the Dioscuri,

j

derbolt over

shoulder^

sur-

between them,

19

M-75

tol.,

^;
^*
i

tor.,

Z.
J)

[PL

viir. 2.]

20
21

M-8
^75

J)

IS

)>

)>

))

22 23 24
25

I)

[I-

0- C.]

M-7
M-75

IvI

^75

23

GIIKEK

AND SCYTHIO

KIKGIS

OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size'.

Obverse.

Eeveree.

BAZIAEnZ
<|)OPoY

NIKH-

ANTIAABust of Zeus

7^ ?A:d

KIAOY
r.,

t:j ^.'^v y^%'*]?^(%)?

{Mdhdraiasa

lam., with, hand hurling thunderbolt.

jayadharasa AmtialiMdasa). Laureate pilei of

mounted by two palms.

26

stars

the Discuii, sur; between them,

iE-75

toL,

R:.

27

^75

28

M'7 M-7
M-85

ft.

29

[PI.

vm.

3.]

30

above,

Same

inscr.,

blundered.

Same

inscr.,

blundered.

Palm and

Aegis.

wreath.

31

iE-85

below, 101

[I.

0. C.

PL

Tin. 4.]

LTSIAS.

29

No.

30

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND

INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

(y)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEnZ ANIKHTOY AYZloY Bust

of bearded Herakles
lion's skin
r.
;

round neck,

{Mdhdrajasa T/^'t"*1 apadihatasa lAsikasa). Elephant r.,

walking.
>

and club over shoulder,

below,

S
If

Z
is

[PI. viu. 9.]

10

If

11

M-75

l>

1>

12

above,

13

^75
iE-85

below, 101

14

)?(.

(king's

name

written

"F 7 '^ ''I >

Lisiasa.')

DI0MBDE3.

31

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

DIOMEDES.
(a) Silver
;

type, Dioscuri, standing.

BAZIAEHZ ZflTH- T'l'lXT^'l'^*-' (Maharajasa POZ AIOMHAOY "Y ^WA.^ tradatasa DiyaBust of the king r.,
diad.

medasa). The Dioscuri, facing, holding lances.

34-8 /U-65

to

r.,

[PI. viii. 10.]

35-

M-G5

^king helmeted).

tol.,

[PI. VIII. 11.]

(J3)

Silver ; type, Dioscuri, mounted.

BAZIAEnZ ZI2TH- T*1^'\T2i'n~-' (Maharajasa POZ AIOMHAOY ^^/\^ tradatasa DiyaBust of the king r., diad.

viedasa).
r.,

The Dioscuri, charging holding long lances and pahns

[PI. VIII. 12.]

33-5

M-65

below, 1^.

33-1

M-e5

(king helmeted).

[PL

VIII 13.]

(y)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEnZ znTHPOZ AIOMHAOY

The
Dioscuri,
facing,
"

T'n'lXT2:!^.'^*=' {M&Mrajasa

'Y^

^ A^

tradatasa Diyar.

medasa).

Indian bull

holding lances.

M-8
iE-85

below, i^.

[PI. VIII. 14.]

zS.

^85

M-75

32

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reveree.

AECHEBIUS.
(a) Silver.

BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY NIKH<l)OPOY

APXEBIOY
the king
r.,

Bust of

diad.

(Mdhdrajasa r dhramikasa jayadharasa ArJchehiyasa). Zeus, facing, clad in himar tion ; holds long sceptre in 1. hand,

A ^^7

and hurls thunderbolt with

139-

r.

^1-05

to L,

rW

[I.

0. C.

PL

IX. 1.]

36-,

to

r.,

iae'

[PI. IX. 2.]

[PI. IX. 3.]

36-3

M-65

(king helmeted).

BAZIAEHZ AIKAIOY NIKH<t>OPOY

APXEBIOY
with spear. Bust of
the king 1., diad., wearing aegis and thrusting

T A 41^7
tion
;

(^Mahdrajasa

dhramikasa jayadharasa Arlthehiyasa). Zeus, facing, clad in himaholds long sceptre in

1.

hand,
r.

and hurls thunderbolt with

147-6

^1-

(king helmeted).

to

1,,

Eti

[I.

0. C.

PI, IX. 4.J

34-4

^7
(/8)

to

1.,

g:

to

r.,

^.
C.

[L 0.

PL

IX. 5.]

Bronze; round.

BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY NIKH<|)OPoY

APXEBIOY
holding palm.

wreath

NikeL, and

(Mdhdrajasa dhramikasa jayadharasa Arkhebiyasa).

T A ^^7
Owl

r.

iEl-

tor.,rM.

[PL

IX. 6.]

AEOHEBIUB.

33

wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse

(y)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEnZ
Y
Elephant
r.

AIKAINIKH<|)PY

APXEBI-Y

TA+l*^?
hiyasa).

{MdMrajasa

dhramikasa jayadhardsa Arkhe-

Owl

r.

^1^9

below, W1

[PI. IX. 7.]

[I. 0.

C]

34

GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OP BACTBIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Keverse.

APOLLODOTUS
(a) Silver ;

I.

round ; Attic weight.

BAZIAEflZ

AnoA(Mdhdrajasa Apaladatasa tradatasa).

r.,

AOAOTOY ZnTHPOZ
31-1

Elephant

band

Indian bull

r.

roimd body.

M-6 M'6
(j8)

[PI. IX. 8.]

30-8

[I.

0.

C]

Silver ; square

Indian

weiglit.

BAZIAEnZ AnoAAOAOTOY ZHTH

POZ Elephant r., band round body.
3
37-9

^65

37-8

37-8

37-7

38-

36-3

37-5

10

38-

11

37-9

12

18-3

APOLLODOTUS

I.

35

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Eeverse.

(y)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEnZ AnoAAOAOTOY ZI2THPOZ

facing
;

Apollo, laur., holds in r. hand,

1.,

tasa).

{Mahdrajasa Apaladatasa tradaTripod on stand, in square

of dots.

arrow ; in

bow.

13

^9
iE-95

[PI. IX. 10.]

U
15

[I. 0.

C]

^85
i[!3-85

to

r.,

K
rt.

16

tol., ftl.

17

^95

f^

18

[I.

0.

C]

19

M-9

20

M-9

hpl.

21

M-9

1.

[I-O.C]

22

^V
iG-9

z
ih.

23

24

M-75

[PI. IX. 11. J

..

36

GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OF BiOTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEilZ AnoAAOAOTOY ZflTHApoUo, laur., POZ

facing ; holds in r. hand, arrow ; in 1., bow.

tasa).

(Jdahdrajasa Apaladatasa tradaTripod on stand, in square

of dots.

^9
^85
iE-95
to
1.,

[I.

0.

C]

'El

to

1.,

^9
^9 .^9
^8
JE-7

ITT.

to

r.,

2
A~

"
to

EP(?)

1.,

T?

[I.

0. C.

PI. IX. 12.]

to

r.,

M
[I.

M-1
iE-75

(inscr.

blundered.)

O.

C]

"

M.
[I.

^9
^75

.,

0.

C]

tol.,

M-m
M-7

.,

to

r.,

,,

fft.

(5)

Bronze; square
r.,

perhaps of Apollodottis.

Indian bull
of dots.

in square Tripod, in square of dots.

39

M-5
?

[I.

q. c.

PI. IX. 1.3.]

APOLLODOTUS

II.,

PHILOPATOR.

37

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

APOLLODOTUS

IL,

PHILOPATOK.

(a) Silver.

BAZIAEX2Z

AOY
KAI

MErAZflTHPoZ
Bust of the

<l>IAonATO-

POZ AFIOAAOAO-

tasa).

TOY
king
r.,

(Maharajasa tradatasa ApdladaPallas 1., holding in 1. hand aegis, and with r. hurling thun,

derbolt.

diad.

128-5

MV15

tol..

[PI. X. 1.]

BAZIAEflZ ZilTH-

Similar.

POZ KAI <l>IAOriAToPoZ AROA-

AOAOTOY
bust.

Similar

37-2

M-75
M-65

tol,

[PI. X. 2.]

37-3

to

1.,

uncertain letter; to
[PI. X. 3.]

r.,

36-1

M-7

to

r,,

|S^

3C-

M-7 M-1

,.

A-

36-8

BAZIAEXIZ ZflTHPoZ AFIOAAOAO-

Similar.

TOY
35-4
37-8

Similar bust.
tol., 'i^; tor.,

^65

^.
PI. X. 4.

^6
[L 0. C."

38

GEBBK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

(/8)

Bronze; round.

BAZIAEnZ ZflTH-

TOY

POZ AFIOAAOAO-

(Maharajasa tradatasa Apaladatasa).

Apollo r., clad in chlamys and boots, holding with, both hands an arrow ; a quiver at
his shoulder.

Tripod.

iEl-25 tol.,^.

to

1.,

to

r.,

^
[PI. X. 5.]

10

^1-05

(y)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEHZ ZriTHPOZ AfloAAoAO-

TOY

{Makarajasa tradatasa Apaladatasa).

Apollo facing, clad in chlamys and boots quiver behind shoulder; holds in 1. hand, bow ; in r., arrow, which rests on the ground.
;

Tripod.

11

MlSame
inscr.

to

1.,

to

r.,

1|

[PI. X. 6.]

Apollo

r.,

Same

inscr.

Tripod.

clad in chlamys and boots ; holds with both hands ah arrow ; a quiver at his shoulder.

12

to

1.,

to

r.,

club.
[PI. x. 7.]

{flan of coin round),

13

.^95

mons. obscure.
to
I.,

'^

14

to

r.,

(type within square of dots.)

15

^8

to

r.,

M
[I.

0. C.
PI. X. 8.]

APOLLODOTUS

II.,

FHILOPATOR.

39

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ ZfiTHPOZ
r.,

KAI

<|>IAO-

HATOPOZ AnoA'AOAOTOY
arrow
;

{Maharajasa tradatasa Apaladatasa).

Tripod.

Apollo

clad in cUamys and boots ; holds in r. hand,

in
1.,

bow.

16

(type

within

square

of to

r.,

men.

(type within square of

fillet-pattern).

fillet-pattern.)

17

BAZIAEnZ znTH
POZ
type.

KAI

01 AO-

HATOPOZ AnoAAOAOTOY Similar

{Maharajasa tradatasa Apaladatasa).

Tripod.

18

M -65
JB-6

to

r.,

[PI. X. 9.J

19

within type, Similar square of fiUet-pattem.

{Maharajasa tradatasa Aj>aladaDiadema. tasa).

20

M-^

^,40

GREEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

STEATO

I.

(a) Silver,

BAZIAEflZ
Bust
diad.

Eni4>A(Mdhdrajasa r IE praticKhasa tradatasa Stratasa). Pallas L, holding with L hand aegis, and with r. hurling thunderbolt,
to
1.,

NOYZ ZnTHPoZ ZTPATHNOZ

of
tlie

king

r.,

133-3

Ml-05

(king wears helmet.)

^, ^.
ft.

[PI. X. 10.]

31-3 36-2
33-3

tol.,

M-7
M-65

[PI. X. 11.]

BAZIAEnZ ZilTH TI^XT^ii'l.'^V {Maharajasa POZ ZTPATHNOZ tradatasa Straf\ i Bust of the king diad.
r.,

tasa).

Similar type.

35-8

^7

(king helmeted.)

to

1.,

101.

[PLx.
to
r.,

12.]

35-5

1
I

*1

^
(semi-barbarous.)

37-6

M-65

J)

H [I.O.C.
)>

)>

Pl.x. 13.]
,,

35-4 M.-6

"

.... t34-4
inscr.
.

PONOZA NOZ

"

i(

)>

[PI. X. 14.]

10

32-2 VR-65

[I.O.C.]
(last line of inscr.

padayashasa ?).

Or H

cha, prackichhaia.
is

t This

one oi the coins sometimes wrongly given to an imaginary

king, Rosastonos.

STRATO

I.

41

iNo.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ ZflTH
POZ AIKAIOY ZTPATilNOZ
Bust
diad.
of
tlie

T^ 2
r.,

{Mahdrajasa

king

tradatasa dhramikasa Stratasa). Pallas r., holding in 1. hand aegis, and with r. hurling thunderholt.

11

32-7

^65

to

1,101.

[PI. XI. l.J

(;8)

Bronze; round.

BAZIAEnZ Eni<t>ANOYZ ZnTHPOZ ZTPATilNOZ

Bust of Apollo
hair in queue.
r.,

T^^

{Mahdrajasa

laur.;

pratichhasa tradatasa Stratasa). Bow and quiver, with strap.

12

^1-

to

1.,

[PI. XI. 2.]

(y)

Bronze ; square

type,

AjwUo.

BAZIAEilZ

Eni<l>A-

NOYZ ZnTHPOZ

ZTPATI2NOZ
Apollo, facing; holds in r. hand, arrow; in 1.,

"Y^^

{Mahdrajasa

pratichhasa tradatasa Stratasa).

Tripod-lebes, on stand.

bow.

13

^95

to

1.,

&;
rfl.

to

r.,

H
[I.

0. C.

PI. XI. 3.]

14

[I.O.C]

15

>>

^^

16

^85

"X

to

r.,

[I.

'n and nion. 0. C]

42

GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

ReTerae.

(8)

Bronze

square

type, Nike.

BAZIAEnZ znTHPOZ ZTPATHNOZ

r.
;

T^2 T"i^X

T^"i.~v

Bust of bearded Herakles

{Maharajasa tradatasa Stratasa). Nike r., holds wreath and palm.

over shoulder,
with, taenia.

club

bound

17

M-8
iE-85

tor.,

1^.

[I.

0. C.

PI. XI. 4.]

18

[I. 0.

C]

19

^8

BAZIAEilZ ZriTH POZ AIKAIOY

ZTPATriNOZ
Similar type.

'F *!

{Maharajasa

tradatasa dhramikasa Stratasa). Similar type.

20

.^9

to

r.,

101

[PI. XI. 5.]

AGATHOCLBIA, WITH STEATO.

43

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Eeverse.

AGATHOCLEIA, WITH STEATO.

(a)

Bronze

square.

BAZIAIZZHZ eEO- TT'S'i T"i^\ y^^'^ TPonoY AFAeo(Jdaharaja^a y^i KAEIAZ Bust of the tradatasa dhramikasa Stratasa).
Queen
r.,

helmeted.

Herakles seated 1. on rock ; holds in r. hand, club, which rests- on

knee (type of Euthydemus).

-8

to

1.,

|0P.

[PI. XI. 6.]

^8

[I.

0.

C]

44

GREEK AND SOTTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

MENANDBR.

45

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

ObTerse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ ZflTH- T^'l-\T^^.~V (Maharafasa POZMENANAPOY ^ J trltasa Jenc Bust of the king diad. .\ 1^ u holding m drasa). Pallas
r.,
,

Wf
aegis,

,,

i.

1.,

1.

hand

and with

r.

hurling

thunderbolt.

12

37-8

^7 ^-7

(king helmeted).

to

r.,

13

37-8

14

39-

^7
M-G5
to
1.,

[I.

0.

C]

15

34-8

16

33-6

M-7

to

r.,

17

37-6

^7

18

37-4

^7
^65
to

19

38-

E-

20

341 ^75

].,

21

37-5

^65
M-65

to

r.,

1^.

22

36-

I)

W[I.

23

37-7

0.

C]

24

37-3

M-65

)?(.

25

37-

M-7

to

r.,

[PI. XI. lO.J

46

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BASIAEnS ZflTHPOZ MENANAPOY

Bust of the king r., diad.

T'n^-'T.Tsl'n-'^V (Maharajasa

T"*\.^
drasa).

trddatasa
1.,

Mma-

holding in 1. hand aegis, and with r. hurling

Pallas

thunderbolt.

26

36-3

^65

tol., )?{; tor.,

r.

[I.

0.

C]

27

39'

28

38-3

^7

Z;
1^.

)?(.

29

38-

^75
^-7

tor.,

30

38-7

Same
and

insor.
1.,

king
spear.

Bust of the Similar. wearing aegis thrusting with

31

36-6

^7

tol.,)^.

32

37-1

tor.,

M.

33

37-3

-65

m.

34

37-8

35

38-

^75

Ivl

MENANDBE.

47

No.

48

QBEEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BA.CTEIA AND

INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

ObTerso.

Reverse.

(7) Bronze ; square ; with

head uf Pallas.

BAZIAEflZ ZnTH- T^^XT^^I.^^^ POZ MENANAPOY

wearing crested helmet.
r.,

{Maharajasa

Bust of Pallas

"Y

\.Z.^

drasa).

tradatasa MenaHorse r., prancing.

47

iEM
Similar.

below, 1^

Same

inscr.

Nike

r.

holds wreath

and palm.
48 49 50
51
to

r.,

ft

[I.

0.

C]
PI. XI. 13.]

^.
E-

[I.

O. C.

^85

J)

52

53

54 55

M-9>

Winscr.

Similar.

Same

Nike

1.

holds wreath

and palm.
56

M-7b
M-d,

to

1.,

1^

to

r.,

[I.

0.

C]

57

[PI. XII. l.J

58

M-1b

B.

[I.

0.

C]

MENANDEB.

49

No.

GREEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

DIONYSIUS.

51

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

EPANDER.
(a)

Bronze.

<t>oPoY EHANAPOY Nike advancing r. holds

;

BAZIAEnZ

NIKH(Mdharajasa jaijadharasa
drdsa).

Epa-

Indian bull

r.

wieath and palm.

M-9

below, l

R:

[I.

0. C.

PI. XII 8.]

DIONYSIUS.
(a) Silver.

BAZIAEnZ znxH- y*n*l\T^^~"-'

POZ

(Maharajasa

AIONYZIOY

Bust of the king r., diad.

tradatasa Pallas 1. ; holding Dianisiyasd) in 1. hand, aegis ; and with r., hurling thunderbolt.

*P

A ^ -9 7 ^
.

38-

M-7

to

r.,

[I.

0. C.

PI. XII. 9.]

(/3)

Bronze.

BAZrAEHZ zriTH- TA^^-f 7^ T"i^\ y:^^^^

POZ
AIONYZIOY
ApoUor.jCladin chlamys and boots; holds in both hands an arrow ; a quiver
at his back.

yasa).

(^Maharajasa tradatasa DianisiTripod.

iE-85

to

1.,

"^

to

r.,

r+1.

[I.

0.

C]

^8

mons. obscure.

52

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

ZOILUS.
(a)

Silver

with

title

BiKaw.

baziaehz AiKArOY iniAOY Bust

of the king
r.,

diad.

dhramilcasa Jhdi^ Herakles facing, crowned with ivy; holds in r. hand, wreath; in 1., chib and lion's skin.
lasa).

(Maharajasa

37-4

M-7
M-65

tol.,t^.

[PL

XII. 10.]

38

[I.

0.

C]

(yS)

Silver

with

title a-oyr^p.

BAZIAEnZ ZflTH T*1*l\T7^'^- POZ iniAOY Bust I'iT'^

of the king
r.,

(Maharajasa
tradatasa

diad.

PaUas I. ; holding in L hand, aegis ; and with r., hurlJho'ilasa).

ing thimderbolt.

34'8

^65

tol.,

?;

tor.,

^.
[I.O.C.

PL
0.

XII. 11.]

37-4 yR-65

Z in inscr.

^;

[I.

C]

37-6

^8

36-6

^6
^7
f\j

34-4

382

^7

[I.

O.

C]

ZOILUS.

53

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

(y)

Bronze

round.

BAZIAEnZ ZflTHPOZ ICOIAOY

Apollo r., clad in chlamys and Loots ; holds in both hands an arrow; a quiver
at his

Y'n'n'XT'V^'^'-' {Maharajasa

T*^^^
Jhdilasa).

tradatasa

Tripod.

back

in.

field

1.,

small elephant.

.^1-25

tol.,

^;

tor.,

7.

[Pl.xii. 12.]

Elephant

r.

SimOar.

10

^75

to

1.,

H;

to

r.,

7-

(double-struck).

(5)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEHZ ZnTHPOZ iniAOY

ApoUo r.,
clad in chlamys and boots ; holds in both hands an arrow; a quiver
at his back.

(Maharajasa tradatasa Jhdilasa).

Tripod.

11

Ml-

tol .^.

to

1.,

to

r.,

T'

[PI. XII. 13.]

54

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reveree.

APOLLOPHANES.
(o) Silver.

BAZIAEIIZ ZflTH- T*1*1'1.T^*T^-' POZ AnoAAO<t>AT S 7^ 'I lA

Bust of the king r., helmeted; diadem tied round the
(sic)

{Maharajasa
tradatasa

NOY

Apulaphanasa). Pallas 1. ; holding in 1. hand, aegis ; and with r.

hulling thunderbolt.

helmet.

36-3

^65

to

1.,

0''

to

r.,

^
n

[PI.

xm.

1.]

37-8

M-65

J)

),

[!

O- C.]

AETEMIDOEUS.
(o)

Bronze;

square,.

BAZIAEnZ
facing; holds in

ANI-

KH[ToYAP]TEMIArtemis, AilPOY
1.,

*1 "nvp^^ti

{Maharajasa

how,

apadihatasa Artemidorasa).

and with r., draws arrow from quiver at her back.

Humped

bull

r.

M-8

below,

[PI. XIII. 2.]

ANTIMACHUS

IX.,

NICEPHORUS.

55

No.

56

GREEK AND BCTTHIC KINGS OP BAC'TRIA AND INDIA.

No.

PHILOXENUS.

67

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Eeverae.

(y)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEnZ ANIKH T^f^^/j-p

Sim-god, facing, radiate,
-

T:^^.<n>V
'
.

-P

clad in chiton, himation, and boots; holds in 1.

--

r.

apadihatasa Jrmla*sinasa). holds wreath and palm. ;

-,,

-^

"n"

JNike

(,-,

hand long sceptre

extended.

r.

10

^8

to

r.,

101

[PI. xiii. 9.]

;Same ihscr. City 1. ; in Same L hand cornucopiae ; r. extended.

inscr.

Indian bull

r.

11

^85

tol.,

below,

Z.

12

^8
lOl

13

II

1.

[I.O. C.

PI. XIII. 10.]

U
15

[I.

0.

C]

M-8
mon.

16

17

M-8

z.

* Sometimes

lu for la.

58

GEEEK AND

SCYTIIIO KINGS OP BA.GTRIA

AND

INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal, r
Size.

Obverse.
1

Reverse.

NICIAS.
(a)

Bronze; square.

BACIAEUJC CUJTHPaC NIKIOY Head

of the king
r.,

(or

YA"^'N/^) T^'H'Vfu'']
tra-

diad.

{Maharajasa or Maharayasa

datasa Nikiasa). King, diad. and wearing chlamys, on horseback r. horse prancing.

^8

[PI. XIII. 11.]

BAzrAEnz znTH T7%-9 POZ NIKIOY

Similar head.

y^^x y^^^^

{Maharajasa tradatasa Nikiasa). Dolphin twined round anchor.

/E-9

[PI. XIII.

12.]

. .

HIPPOSTRATUS.

59

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

HIPPOSTEATUS.
(a) Silver; type, City.

BAZIAEnZ znxH- T*l^\T7'n~v- (Maharajasa PnZ mnaZTPAfl'Z /?'/' tradatasa Hipa-

TDY
1'.,

Bust of the king

diad.

City 1., wearing modius ; holds in 1. hand, cornueopiae ; r. advanced.

stratasd).

UG
147-7

^1-1
^1-15
Silver

to

1.,

to

r.,

7.

[Pi. XIV, 1.]

(/3)

type.

King mi

horseback.

BAZIAEHZ

AdY

ZHTHPdZ mnnZTPATDY

MErA- T"i.~w

T^^\

T7"-:~^

Bust of the king r., diad.

(^Maharajasa tradatasa mahdtasa jayamtasa Hipastratasa). Kin diad. and helmeted, wearing chlamys, on horseback r. ; horse
prancing.

139-5
147-

^1-2
.fll-1

below, 1^.
to
1.,

to

r.,

below, Tl
[PI. XIV. 2.]

144-

411-05
[I.

0.

C]

34-6

M-lb

to

1.,

to

r.,

@ @
J>

below,

Jr

[PI. XIV. 3.]

Similar.

Similai, horse walking.

to

143-2
144-8
143-

1.,

V
))

to

r.,

below, 2*.
[PI. XIV. 4.]

M\Ob
Ml-l

1>

!)

)J

>!

y
[I.

0.

C]

60

GREEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ ZHTH- T"i.A^ T"i"i\ r^i'^^ PdZ mnnZTPA'y^^h'P {Mdharajasa TQY Bust of the king
r.,

diad.

tradatasei,jayam,tasa Hipastratasa).

King, diad. and helmeted, wearing chlamys, on horseback r. ; horse

prancing.

10

143-

iRM5
(y)

below,

[I.O. C.

PI. XIV. 5.]

Bronze; sguare.

BAZIAEnZ znTHpoz

TOY
his
tails

mnozTPATriton,
facing,
fish's

{Mdharajasa tradatasa Hipastratasa).

1.

body ending in

City 1., turreted ; holds in hand, palm ; r. advanced.

; holds dolphin and rudder.

11

^1-05

to

1.,

^
t>
)>

to

r.,

7.
it

12 13

^1 ^1
Same inscr. Apollo r.,
in both hands at shoulder.
;

tJ

ti

tt

[I.O.C.

PI. XIV. 6.]

clad in chlamys ; holds arrow"

Same

inscr.

Tripod.

quiver
tol.,

14

^9

tor.,

7-

[PI. XIV. 7.]

Same

inscr,

Pallas, hel-

meted, throne
taenia
;

seated 1. holds in in 1 , spear.

on
r.,

T^.A7 T^"l\ TV"T^^

r'l^A'/'
Horse
1.,

{Mdharajasa

tradatasa jayamtasa Hipastratasa).

in square of fdlet-pattem.

15
16 17

^85

tol.,

[1.0, C.

PL

XIV. 8.]

^85

AMYNTAS.

61

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

AMYNTAS.
(a) Silver ; type, Pallas.

BAZIAEnZ NIKA- 7-,vk7 T"i?a^ T^^.'v^v TOPOZ AMYNTOY (Maharajasa jayadharasa AmiBust of the king r., diad., helmeted.
Pallas 1. ; holding in 1. hand, aegis; and with t hurling
tasa).

thuaderbolt.

127-2

^1-

tol.,

[PI. XIV. 9.]

(/3)

Silver

type, Zeus.

BAZIAEflS

TOPOZ AMYNTOY
Bust of the king
r.,

NIKAdiad.

T"iv7 T1?A:i

T::i"l.~v

{Mahiiraja&a jayadharasa AmiZeus seated I. on throne; tasa). in r. hand, Nike ; in 1., palm and
sceptre.

33-4

^65 ^65

tol.,

OS.

36-2

tor.,

[I.

0. C.

PI. XIV. 10.]

(y) Bronze; square.

BAZIAEI2Z

TOPOZ AMYNTOY
Bearded bust r., radiate, in Phrygian cap; sceptre
over shoulder.

NIKA-

{Maharajasa jayadharasa AmiPaUas standing 1., her r. tasa). hand advanced ; in her 1., spear and shield.

to

1.,

JI-8

Efl.

[1.0. C.

PI. XIV. 11.]

62

GREEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

HBRMAEUS.

63

No.

64

GREEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND

INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Beverse,

(;8)

Bronze;

rovlrfd;.

with portrait.

BAZIAEXir ZHTH-

PaZ EPMAIDY
Bust of the king
diad.
i.,

(J^aharajasa tradatasa HeramaZeus, laur., seated 1. on throne with back ; bis r. hand advanced ; in his 1., sceptre.
yasa).

;25

^95

to

1.,

^;

to

r.,

126
I

uncertain Indian letter. [1.0. C. PL IV. 6.]

[27
i

^95

,,

uncertain Indian letter.

>8
29

^85
^95
iB-9

T.

[I. 0.

G.]

uncertain Indian letter.

30

M'.

[I.

0.

C]

^95
I i

i>

II

))

32

^1-05

)i

)i

33

J&\-

)>

"

34

^95 ^95

I)

)i

35

>>

>i

i>

V.
<7.
[1.

36
i

MX-

0.

C]

37

f>J
J

1J

HEBMAEUS.

6.5

No.

66

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

Metal.

No.

Wt.

Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

(S)

Bronze; square; without portrait.

BAZIAEnZ ZilTHPOZ EPMAIOY

Bearded male bust r., radiate, wearing Phrygian cap.

{Mdharajasa tradatasa HeramaHorse r., trotting. s).

51

below,

M ^

52
53

[T.

0.

C]

54
55

M-75

M-1h

[I.

0. C.

PI. XV. 8.]

HEEMAEUS AND CALLIOPE,

(a) Silver.

BAZIAEflZ ZflTHPOZ EPMAIOY KAI

KAAAlonHZ
jugate
r.

Busts

A\.hA*^Ji

{Maharajasa

of the

King and

Queen, both diad.

tradatasa Heramayasa Kaliyapaya). King, helmeted and diad., r. on horseback ; horse prancing, bow and lance on his back.

36-2

^65

below, E^l.

[PI. XV. 9.]

33-2

^6

[LO.

C.

PI. XV. 10.]

RANJABALA.

67

No.

68

GHEEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BAOTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Eevorse.

MAUES.
(a)

Bronze ; round ; Greek legend only.

bell

Head

of elephant

r.

BAZIAEflZ

Caduceus.

round neck.

MAYOY
tol., rtt.
[I.

^1-15
^1-15

0. C.

PL

XVI. 1.]

(j8)

Silver

type, Zeus.

BAZIAEHZ
ing
r.
.

BAZI(^Bajadi. AEHN MEFAAOY r"l'^^T:i!"ll:j^ rajasa /y mahatasa MAYOY Zeus stand- Moasa). Nike holds
\

clad in himation; hand extended; in 1.,

1.,

r. ;

wieath

and palm bound with

fillet.

long sceptre.

151-

^115

to

r.,

[PI. xvj. 2.]

(y)

Bronze; round;

type,

King mi

horseback.

BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEHN MErA[AOY

[MAYOY?]
on
horseback over shoulder couched.
;

King r. whip
lance

{Rajadirajma mahatasa Moasa). Female figure, facing, diad. holds

;

in r. hand, patera, containing oflferings ; 1. rests on wheel ; on head, turreted crown. (Tyche).

M\-2

to

r.,

(^

toL, vc;.

[PI. XVI. 3.]

..

MAUES.

69

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

(S)

Bronze

round ; other

typhs.

baziaehz baziaehn mepaaoy

-

Artemis ninnmg r., radiate, with veil iloatiag round her

MAYOY
;

"7
Moasa).

7y

rajasa mahatasa

Indian

humped huU

1.

head
5

clad

in

short
to

^1iEl-

chiton and "boots.

1.,

[PI. XVI. 4.]

^1-

Same

Horakles, Sanie inscr. inscr. facing; holds in I, cluh and lion's skin.
to
1.,

Maneless lion

1.

^1-05

rW

[PI. XVI. 5.]

(e)

Bronze ; square ;

type,

King on

horseiaek.

BAZIAEnZ BAZI- T"T^^T^"ll^"l AEflN MEfAAOY "y 7W rajasa MAYOY King r. on

horsehack shoulder; vanced.
;

(Bajadi.

r.

whip over hand ad-

mahatasa Pallas r., her garment Moasa). flying ; holds in 1. hand, spear and shield; r. extended; before her,
altar.

M-^

tor.,

M'C,.

[PI. XVI. 6.]

Same

inscr.
;

horsehack

King r. on Same inscr. whip over and palm.

Mke

1. ;

holds wreath

shoulder; lance couched.

10

Ml-

tol.,

[PI. XVI. 7.]

;;

70

GEEEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTHIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Bererse.

(Q Bronze ; square ;

other types.

BAZIAEnZ
AEilN

BAZIDraped
facing,

MAYOY
female holds

MEfAAoY
trans-

{Rajadirajasa mahatasa Moasa). Nike 1. ; holds wreath and palm.

figure

sceptre

versely ; on her head, crescent ; and on either

side, star.

11

M-95

A
to
1.,

-p

[PI. XVI. 8.J

Same

inscr.

seated 1. holds in
tre;
r.

on
1.

Zeus, laur., throne

Same

inscr.

Female

figure, facing,

hand

scep-

extended towards

wearing turreted crown and holding long sceptre ; holds out in r. hand her veil. (Tyche).

female to be an emhodiment of the thunderbolt.

figure,

small

winged

who seems

12 13

M,l-

tol.

[PL

XVI. 9.]

M-9
Same
1.

inscr.

on throne

Zeus, seated ; holds in r.

Same inscr.
in
1.

hand Nike, who carries wreath and pahn; before

him,
forepart
r.,

Herakles, facing ; holds hand, club and lion's skin; with r., crowns himself ?

of

ele-

phant

with

trunk

raised.

Ml-l
Same
Poseidon himation ; on hip ; in
r.

inscr.

1.,

Same

clad

in

r.
1.,

inscr. Female figure, clad in chiton and himation, facing; stands

hand

between two vines.

(Maenad ?).

trident;

foot placed on

shoulder of a river-god.

A
tol.,f
[I.

15
16

M-95
JE-9
(Poseidon raises
to
r.,

0. C. 0.

PI. XVII. 1.]

r.

hand)

[I.

C]

hpi

MAUES.

71

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

ObverBO.

Reverse.

BAZIAEflZ BAZIAEflN MErAAOY

MAYOY
1.

striding

Poseidon hurling thnn-

(Rajadirajasa mahaiasa Moasa). figure, clad in chiton and himation, facing ; stands between

Female

derbolt to r., and holding in left hand aplustre; heside him, rivergod, leaping up.

two

vines.

(Maenad

?).

17

M-9
Same
1.,

tol.,

[I.

O.C.

PI. XVII. 2.]

inscr.

Male

figure

chlamys flying behind; holds club and

trident.

Same inscr. Female figure r., lum flying ; holds long fillet.

pep-

18
19

^1-1
^1-05

to

1.,

^
figure
r.
1.,

tor., S'C;.

[I.

O.C.

Pl.XTii. 3.]

Same inscr. Female

1. ;

Same inscr. Male

hand advanced
cornucopiae.

in

figure, facing; clad in himation; r. hand on hip; Wears (Hermes?). petasus,

(Tyche?).

A
to
1.,

20

M-9
ning r., holds in trunk, in square of wreath
:

T^
inscr.

[PI. XVII. 4.]

Same inscr. Elephant run- Same

cross-legged

King, facing, seated on cushion ; sword

:

on his knees
pattem.
to
r.,

in square of fiUet-

fillet-pattern.

21

M-9 M-9 M-9

M-85

[PI. XVII. 5.]

22

23

T^.

24

Similar.

Same
to
r.,

inscr.

Indian

humped buU

r.

J25

Ml-05

1^

[PI. XVII. 6.]

72

GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ MAYOY
Apollo 1. ; holds in r. hand arrow ; in 1., how.

yiV

TIi!*T^'-' {Maharajasa Moasa). Tripod, in square of dots.

26

^6
^55

to

1.,

M
M,

[PI. ivii. 7.]

27

,.

Same

inscr.

Horse

Same

inscr.

Bow

in case.

trotting.

28

iE-8

toi.rtt.

AZB.

73

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

AZES.
(a) Silver; type, Zeus.

BAZIAEHZ

AEHN MEPAAOY
AZOY
on
horseback
;

BAZI- T^.'v..^ y:j-i:j^ {Mahaxajasa "FA 7 The king r., rajarajasa mahdtasa Ayasa). Zeus
holds
1.,

Y^^^w
;

radiate

lance, couched.

r.

hand advanced

in

1.,

long sceptre.

146-5

^1-1

below, 'Y-

to

1.,

(g)

to

r.,

[PI. XVII. 8.]

Similar.

Same

Zeus, facing, laur. inscr. holds winged thunderbolt and long sceptre.

145-7

.R115

to

1.,

to

r.,

5
[I.O.C.
PI. XVII. 9.]

150-3

^1-05

140-6

^1-1

below, b

1;
to
I.,

7.

[I.

O.C]

35-5

^-65

K;

to

r.,

[I.

J. O.C. PL

XVII. 10.]

Similar.

Same

Zeus, facing, laur. ; inscr. hurls with r., thunderbolt ; and holds in 1., long sceptre.

37-9

^7
iR-65

below,

M'

to

1.,

^j
it

tpr.,

7.

[Pl.xvu.ll.]

35-

))

JJ

74

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTBIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ

AEHN MEfAAbY
AZOV
The king
;

BAZIr.,

*r

A7

(Maharajasa

on

horseback whip.

holds

rajarajasa malidtasaAyasa). Zeus 1. ; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing Nike ; in 1., long sceptre.

128

^-95
^1-1
^1-1

below, T'

tol.,

^;
J

tor., *1.

146-7

to

r,,

'V

if

10

140

t. ^.
M
ft

11

136-8

^1^95
^1-1

)J

JJ

[I.O.C. PI. XVII. 12.]

12
142-3
i>

9>

if

J>

13

149

U
15

136

^9
^9
M-95 M-25

T.

.,

#;

K.

150-4

^.
1.

>>

)}

))

L-'^.

o. C.J

16

128-7

17

148-7

j>

jj

J)

18

149

M-9
M-95
M-95

T.
Jl

19

147-71

}>

[I.

0.

C]

20

147

'y.

,,

)f(

mon.

AZES.

75

No.

. .

76

GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ

AEHN MEFAAOY
AZOV
;

BAZI- T"i.~v-' T:^*n:i"i t:^"i~'>^ (Maharajasa r 7 The king r.,

horseback whip.

on

holds

rajarajasa mahatasaAyasa). Zeus 1. ; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing Nike; in 1., long sceptre.

35

31

/R-65 tor., N'.

to

I.,

^;
"

tor.,

m
i>

*!>.

36

36-4

T.
?

I'

>i

>(

37

36-2

^6

38

372 M-e
32-9

X.

"1,

39

M-6
M-G

\. T.

"

)>

))

40

35-8

..

41

30-2 JR-5

7.

[I.O.C.]

42

31

M-55

"

>>

>)

A M
7
li

43

33

M-6 JRQ

^.

11

I,

44

28-7

r.
>^.

"

jj

45

22 6

M-6

,,

"

"

)i

JJ

46

35-3

^.
^.

"

j>

))

z
ff

47

35-2

J)

JJ

ji

48

37-2!

M-6

"

ij

JJ

J,

[I.

O.C]

..

AZES.

77

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEflZ

BAZIr.,

AEnN MEFAAOY
AZOV
The king
;

"K

A7

(Mdharajasa

on

horseback whip.

holds

rajarajasa mahaiasaAyasa). Zeus 1.; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing Xike; in 1., long sceptre.

49

32-

^55

to

r.,

A
M'.

tol.,

^-

tor.,

?,

50

34-8

^55

>>

J)

51

35-5

^55
^55
^6

uncertain

letter.

)J

52

34-3

>J

53

27-5

^.

[1.0.

C]

54

32-

^6

))

)l

[Most of the above coins are of base metal and very rude
execution.

In nos. 16 and 46 the

inscr. reads rajadirajasa\.

{j3)

Silver; type, Poseidon.

BAZIAEnZ

BAZIr.,

AEnN MEFAAOY
AZOY
King
;

on

A/

{Mdharajasa

horseback

holds whip.

rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasd). Poseidon r. ; holds in 1. hand, trident.

55

138-

^95

to

r.,

to-l.,

1^;

to

r.,

'^

[PI. XVIII. 1.]

78

QBEEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.

No.

AZSS.

79

...

80

GREEK AND SOTTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND INDIA.

No.

AZES.

81

No.

82

GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OF BACTKIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEIIZ
horseback
;

AEHN MErAAQY on AZdV King

r.,

BAZI-

T^7

(Maharajasa

holds whip.

rajarajasa mahatasd Ayasa). Pallas r. ; her r. hand advanced ; in her 1., spear and shield.

105

37-6

M-G'

to

r.,

*+I

tol.,

S;

tor., ll.

106

36-7

M-Q5

7-

)J

JJ

107

35-6

M-Q5

"

JJ

J7

[PI. XVIII. 9.]

108

28-5

M-6

,,

uncertain

letter.

S;

^.

[I.

0.

C]

(S) Silver; type.

City?

BAZIAEnZ AZOY
King
;

BAZIr.,

AEflN MEPAAOY
on
r

A7
fillet.

{Maharajasa

horseback couchsd.

holds lance,

rajarajasa mahaiasa Ayasa). A City? 1.; holds in r. hand, object resembling a brazier ; in 1., palm

bound with

109 136-5

Ml-05

to

r.,

to

1.,

^;

tor., >J7.

[PI. xviii. 10.]

110 143'

Ml-

111

34 '3

M-7

|tol.,

/^ 77;

tor.,

5.

[PI XVIII. 11.]

AZES.

83

No.

84

GUBBK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

AZES.

85

wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZlAEnZ BAZIAEflN MEfAAoY Hermes AZOY

1.,

"FA 7

(Maharajasa

wears chlamys advanced ; in

r.

hand
cadu-

1.,

rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa). Demeter? standing 1., wears modius ; r. hand advanced ; in 1., comucopiae.
to
1.,

iE-75

to

1.,

MK

to

r.,

[PI. XIX. 3.]

Same

inscr.

Lion

r.

Similar.

M-75 ^65 ^65

(ff)

tol.,

1^;

tor.,

^.
"^.
[PI. XIX. 4.]

ahove,

O ?.
Bronze
;

type,

male

deity.

BAZIBAZIAEIiZ AEI2N MEfAAuY

AZdY
facing,

Female

deity,

"FA 7
Humped
bull
r.

{Maharajasa

clad in himation ; holds in raised r. hand, flower ; stands on lotus j beside her, lion 1

rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa).

(Lakshmi V).

Ml-

to

1.,^Bronze

to

r.,

[PI. XIX. 5.]

(t)

types, lion

and hdl.

BAZIAEnZ

BAZIIn,

AEHN MEPAAnY
AZdY
Humped
r.

A7

(Maharajasa

rajadirajqsa mahatasa Ayasa).

dian bull

Lion
above,

r.

above,

^X.

4^

86

GBEEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND" INDIA.

No.

AZES.

87

No.

wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Eeyerse.

(k)

Bronze

types, elephant

and

bull.

BAZIAEXIZ

BAZI"F
r.

AEHN MErAAuY
AZdY
A
It

Elephant

A7
bull
r.

(Maharajasa

rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayasa).

Humped
157

MliE-95

above,

above, uncertain letter.

158

>i

159

MlMl-05

rn.

!!

/R

(inscr. rajarajasa).

160

JJ

5)

13

>)

[I.O.C. PI. XIX. 161

7.]

Ml-

!i

^ m
)

(inscr. rajarajasa).

162

MlM-95
Ml-l
Ml-05
^1-05

7.

3j

[I.O.C.]

163

>>

)>

^
)

7.

164

r*i

jj

jj

165

7.

166

/fv

167

^ro5
Ji:i-05

168
169

^75

(inscriptions obscure).

[I.

0.

C]
is

[In several of the 'above coins the king's name

appears as

misspelt,
so forth.

and

AOZY AOZZY AZOY

, ,

and

88

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.

rNo.

AZES.

No.

90

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINOS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ

AEHN MEfAAOY
AZOV
Elephant
r.

BAzr-

{Maliarqjasu r rajarajasa maliatasa Ayasa).

A7

Humped
188

bull

r.

Ml-l

above,

7.

tor.,

VK.

BAZIAEnZ MEPAAOY AZOV Elephant

r.

TA7 y^'^^ T^^'^^

{Maliarajasa

mdhatasa Ayasa).
r.

Humped

bull

M-i5

*[P1. XTX. 12.]

BAZIAEnZB]AZIAE

nNMErAAoYAE[
Lion
r.

TA7
{Maharaja

^^~^
Ayasa).
1.

Humped buU
above,

190

^65

above,

"V

[L 0.

C]

(o)

Billon

semi-harbarous coinage.

Corrupt legend

King
;

r.,

TT'M'^

on horseback
r.

holds in

TA7
1.,

T*n~^ T^^^v^
T::!^^^:^^
Ayasa).
City

hand ankus(?); before -* him, symbol

{Maharajasa maliatasa dhramiIcasa rajadirajasa

and clad in chiton and peplum r. hand advanced

turreted,
;

;,

in

1.,

cornucopiae.

191 14.54 '^-85

to

1.,

5;

tor.,

^.

[PI.

XX. 1.]

192 141193 142-2

^8
^-8
*

On most

of these coins there is

in the obverse field

an appearance of various Indian letters which are not hero inserted, it being doubtfnl whether

they are not mere blunders.

AZTSS.

91

No.

Metal.
\Vt.

Size.

Obverse.

EeTcrse.

Corrupt legend.

King
;

r.,

on horseback
r.

holds in
;

TT'M'? Y*i~'-' t;::^*!'^'-' ta; T::i^^^"i

{Maharajasa mahatasa dhramiIcasa rajadirajasa Aijasa).
1.,

hand ankus (?)

3;

before
.

him, symbol

City

and clad in chiton and peplum j r. hand advanced

turieted,
1.,

in

comucopiae.

194 145-9 195 131-5 196 148-2

197 144-

^85
^8
^85
^75

to

1.,

to

r.,

f.

[T.

0.

C]

198 148-5 199 142-8

^-85

^8

(it)

Billon

icith

iiame of Anpavanna.

BAZIAEHZ

BAZIr.,

AEHN MEfAADY on AZnY King

;

horseback; holds ankus; behind him, bow on saddle

(Indravarma putrasa Aspavarmasa strategasa jayatasa). Pallas r., armed ; her r. hand advanced ; in her 1. spear and shield ; behind,
,

beneath,

y^.

star

and

y
1.,

200 157-3
201 140-3

85

tor.,

^.

to

r.,

AJA; to

uncertain

letter.

[PI. XX. 2.1

1..
,

202 150-9 203 156-9

T.
>l.

204 146-8
'205 148-3

T.
J)

206 130-5

92

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ

AEHN MEfAADY on AZdY King

r.,

BAZI

horseback; tiolds ankus; behind him, bow on saddle

;

(Indravarma putrasa Aspavarmasa strategasa jayatasa). Pallas r., armed ; her r. hand advanced ; in her 1., spear and shield ; behind,
star

beneath, H^

and v.

207

157-2

^85

to

r.,

S^

tor, /^;

tol., C;.

[I. 0.

C]

208 159-4

^9
^85

J>

)>

)5

209 150-

210 155-7

^8 M-8
uncertain
letter.

211 149-

AZES AND AZILISES.

(a)
Silver.

BAZIAEHZ HMrAAOY AZAIZOY

.

The king

on horseback j Jiolds bow.

r.,

A/

(Maharajasa

maliatasa Ayatia). Zeus standing 1., diad. ; holds Nike and long sceptre.

[raiaraja']sa

31-7 Al-6

in front, \J

tol.,

>M;

tor.,

7.
[I.

0. C.

PI. XX. 3.]

;;

AZILISES.

93

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

AZILISES.
(a) Sillier; type, Zeus.

BAZIBAZIAEIIZ AEIIN MErAAOY The AZIAIZOY

king
in
r.

TT A 7
**1

(Maharajasa

r., on horseback hand, ankus ; bow

rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa).

Zeus

r.,

diad.,
(?)

on saddle.

holds wreath

wearing himation and long sceptre.

U8-5 Ml-05

to

r.,

to

1.,

to

r.,

[PI. XX. 4.]

(/8)

Silver ; type, Dioscuri.

BAZIAEnZ
king
r.,

BAZI-

AEXIN MEPAAOY The AZIAIZOY

;

TT A 7
''I

{Maharajasa

on horseback bow on holds ankus

saddle.

rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). The Dioscuri, facing; each wears Phrygian cap and chlamys, and holds spear and sword.

146-2

yR105

to

r.,

^
)t(
;

150-4

1-05

below,

t?

tol.,

>;
5J

tor.,

'<3f.

[PI.

XX. 5.]

33-3

^-65

JI

[LO.

C.

PI. XX. 6.]

Similar.

Same

inscr.

One

of the Dioscuri,

facing, as above, but

bearded and

wearing chiton.

146-8

^1-1

to

r.,

m.

to

1.,

[PI. XX. 7.j

37-8

^-6

to

r.,

I'W

|tol.j*K.

[PI. XX. 8.]

94

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

; .

AZILISES.

95

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

(S)

Bronze ; square

type,

King on

korsehacJe.

BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEHN MEFAAOY

AZIAIEOY
r.,

(Maharajasa mahatasa A yilishasa)

Herakles, diad. naked, seated 1. holds in r. hand club, which rests on knee.
,

King
;

on horseback

holds

lance couched.

23

^9
7E-95

tor.,

5.

tol.,

^ ^.
1)

[PI. xxr. 1.]

24

Similar.

Same

inscr.

Elephant

r.

25

^85
^75

above,

1$].

26

[I.O.C.

PI. XXI. 2.]

Similar.

T"l~^ T^"l^"l T^"!'^^

TT'HA?
Humped
27
bull
r.

(Maharajasa

rajarajasa maliatasa Ayilishasa).

M-9
iEl-05

above,

^ Z

[PI. XXI. 3.]

28

29

^E

-95

[I.

O.C]

30

^1-1

iflS'-'.

96

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obyerse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ
r.,

AEHN MEfAAoY
on horseback
;

BAZI- y^r^yj yvj-i^i-i Y^J^/V/^

King
holds

AZIAIZOY
lance couclied.

TT A 7
**1

(Maharajasa

rajarajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa).

Humped
above,

bull

1.

31

^1-05

Ap.

(restruck coin).

32
33

M-95
JE-9

to

r.,

^P

(king to

1.)

(c)

Sronze ; square ; type, King

(1)

standing.

BAZIAEnZ

AEnN MEfAAOY
AZIAIZOY
The

BAZI

rT*nA7

{Maharajasa

king(?) standing r., clad in helmet and cloak holds in L hand, shield
r.

advanced.

rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). Nike (?) r., un winged, clad in short chiton, with inflated veil over her head ; holds in r. hand wreath.

34
35

to

r.,

(4i

tor., C;.

[PI. XXI. 4.

Ml^85
^95
Bronze ; square ; other
to
1.,

36

'"K

to

r.,

uncertain

letter.

[I.

O.

C]

37

(X)

types.

BAZIAEnZ [BAZIAEHN MErA]AY

AZIAIZY
facing,
self
;

Herakles,
1.

T A7
''1

{Maharajasa

crowning him-

holds in

hand

rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishana). Horse standing r.

club and lion's skin.

38
39

^9
M-9b

tol.,

^.

above,

%.
S' ^.
j-i.0 C.

infield,

Pl.xxi.5.]

AZ1LISE3.

97

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEHN MEPAA.Y

AZIAIZ.Y
figure,

Male

TT'^IA?

(Mahamjasa

facing, clad in himation, head turned to r. ; holds in r. liand, sceptre ; in 1., uncertain
object.

rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). Lion r., looking hack.

40

^1-05

to

1.,

M
Elephant 1.

above,

Y.

[1.0. C.

PI. xxi. 6.]

Inscr. obscure.

Inscr.

6bscure

ends

TT'^IA?
hull
1.

(Ayilishasa).

Humped

41

.^1-05

to

].,

mon.

[I.

0.

C]

.,

98

GREEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA,

No.

wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Beverso.

SPALAHOKES, WITH VONONES.

(a) Silver.

BAZIAEHZ
AEilN
on

BAZIr.,

MErAAOY ONHNOY King

horseback
;

T^'V'iT'

{Maharaja

holds

lance couched.

hhrata dhrantikasa Spaldliorasq). Zeus, laur., facing, clad in hima^ tion ; holds thunderbolt and long
sceptre.

144-5

Ml-05

tor.,

S.

[I.

O.C.

PI. XXI. 7.]

37-5

to

r.,

S
[PL XXI.
8.]

37-3

M-7
M-65
to
1.,

38

IB

37-8

(j8)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEHZ
ONflNOY
and
with

BAZI{Maharaja dhramikasa Spalaliorasa). Pallas 1., wearing helmet; holds in r. hand, wreath in 1., spear and shield bound with fiUet sword slung round waist.
bJirata
;

AEHN MErAAOY
crowns

Herakles, facing ; holds in 1. hand, club and lion's skin;

r.,

T^'V'iT)

himself.

M'85

to

1.,

K
[PI. XXI. 9.]

M-8

SPALAGADAMES, WITH VONONES.

99

No.

Metal.

-wt.

Size.

Obvorae.

Reverse.

SPALAGADAMES, WITH VONONES.

(a) Silver.

BAZIAEnZ
ONflNOY
on

BAZIKing
;

AEflN MEfAAOY
r.,

T7vp5 y.\/,
putrasa

^'vriT* 8palalim-a T-''l^i7'

dhramiasa
Spalagada-

horseback lance couched.

holds

~masa). Zeus, facing, laur., clad in himation ; holds thunderbolt and long sceptre.

36-1

^65

to

1.,

TO
[PI. XXI. 10.]

36-5

M-7

36-8

@.
M-65
[T.

36-2

0.

C]

{j3)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEnZ BAZI- T7M'5 y-\fi *TVH7' AEHN MEPAAOY Spalakora T'-'^3'*~17'

ONflNOY
;

facing

club

Herakles, holds in 1. hand, and lion's skin;

r.,

and

with

crowns

putrasa dhramiasa SpalagadaPaUas 1., wearing helmasa). met ; holds in r. hand, wreath (?)
in
1.,

himself.

spear
fillet
;

with
waist.

and shield bound sword slung round

iE-75

to

1.,

@
[PI. XXI. 11.]

^8

100

GEEEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OF BACTBU AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

SPALAGADAMES, WITH SPALYEIS.

(a)

Bronze; square.

EnAAYPInC AIKAI- T;M'f r.\/r ^'VriT. YAAEA<|)nYTaY T'-'^3'rl7 Spalaliora King BACIAEWC
r.,

on horseback.

putrasa
niasa).

dhramiasa

Spalagada-

Herakles, diad., seated 1. on rocks ; holds in r. hand, cluh, which rests on knee.

M-S5

to

1.,

[PI. XXI. 12.]

^85

El.

SPALIRISES

AS KING'S BEOTHER.
(a) Silver.

BACIAEWC
<l>OY

King

r., on horseback holds lance couched.

AAEA- T7S'5 .'V'Ti* ^^.'^v CnAAIPlCoY Tn'+1'^|7

;

{Maharaja dhramiasa Spalirisagd). Zeus, facing, wearing himation holds thunderbolt and long sceptre.
hhraha
[PI. XXII. 1.]

36-6

M-55

to

1.,

26-7

M-6
-

Or

.\7i

bhratrd.

V. Sallet writes

(p.

353), die

Form bhrahu

fur

Bruder wird vou saojikuiidiger

Seite fiir bereohtigt erklart.

SPALIEISESJ AS KINO.

101

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

SPALIKISES

AS KING.

(a) Bronze; square.

BAtlAEWN BACIAeoje:

mefaaqy
I. ;

CnAAIPICDY
King, standing
battle-axe
side.
;

holds
at bis

bow

{Mdliarajasa n^'HT' nidhatakasa Spalirisasa). Zeus, radiate, seated 1. on throne ; r. hand extended ; in 1., sceptre.

iE-9

to

r.,

.^9

^95

-9

[I.

0. C.

PI. ixii. 2.]

M-9

[I.

0.

C]
(?j.

* Restruck on copper of Vonones with Spalahorea or Spalagadames

Club

of

Herakles seen ou obv.

[7),

102

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

SPALIEISES,

WITH

AZES.

(a) Silv&r.

badaecoe: mefaAOY PnAAIPICOY

King
r.,

on horseback;

A7

(Maharajasa

holds lance couched.

Zeus, facing, clad in himation ; holds thunderbolt and long sceptre,

laur.,

mdhdtahasa Ayasd).

37-7

M-6

to

1.,

ffl

to

r.,

T
13

37-8

Jl

if

34-5

)J

>1

[I.

0. C.

PL
[I.

XXII. 3.]

30-9

M-65

ij

)>

J)

J>

0.

C]

{0) Bronze ; round.

BACIACWC MEFAAOY inAAIPICOY

King
r.,

oA horseback;

T/\/
mahdtaJcasa Ayasa). and arrow 1.

holds ankus.

{Maharajasa Strung bow

iE-95

above,

[PI. XXII. 4.]

G0ND0PHAEE3.

103

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

RoTerse,

GONDOPHAEES.
(a)

Sase

ailver ; type, Zeus.

BACIAELUIDAELUN
;

MEfAAl VMAOQPP
The king r., on horsearm extended back
in front, 2.
.

(^Maharaja rajadiraja tradata deZeus, vafrata* Oudapliarasa). naked to waist, standing r. ; r. arm extended ; in 1., long sceptre.
tor., "1

144 -2

tol.,

#1;

1/.
PI. XXII. 5.]

[LO.C.
136-5

M-d5

inscr.

BACIAEUJC BACIAEUJN &c.

(j8)

B;., :^

^'.

[LO.C]

Base

silver; type, Pallas.

BACIAe

A6WN
king, diad.,

BACI-

MrAA
The
r.,

TNAO<|>EPPO
back
;

on horse-

to

r,,

3,

{Maharaja rajadiraja tradata devatrata Gfudapharasa). Pallas r., armed ; in her 1. ,hand, spear and shield j her r. advanced.
to
1.,

142143-

^95
iR-9
inscr.

to

r.,

w
[PI. XXII. 6.]

BACIAEWC V qEqV VMAa oEPP

Head
diad.
r.,

Inscr. barbarous.

of the king

'^'n"H^
r.,

(MaJiarajasa
Pallas

mdhatasa Oiidapharasa).
fighting
shield.
;

holds

thunderbolt

and
37-6

^45 ^45

in field,

9-

[PI. XXII, 7.]

38-5 40-6

* Devatrdta, protected by the Gods.

This word has been read by Gen,

Cunningham Demliada,

as a rendering of ee6Tpoiros.

104

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal,
Size.

Obverse.

Reverae.

(y)

Base

silver ; type, Siva.

BACIACWC BACIAeWN MrAAOY

VNAO<|>6PPOY
The king
1.,

on horse-

back ; r. hand raised ; behind him, Nike flying 1., holding wreath and

(Maharajasa rajarajasa tradatasa devatratasa Cfudapharasa). Siva, facing ; holds in r. hand, trident in 1., palm.

palm; to
146-2

1.,

M-95
^95
below, T'

to

1.,

y
137-4

to

r.,

^
))

[PI. XXII. 8.]

[I.

O.

C]

(A

for

in inscr.)

BACIAEUIN BADAEUJM rDl/IAa4]AThe king r., on horseback; holds ankus in extended r. hand; to

PdY

T"i~w rj^^'n ^"l'^^^ TTH^iy "l\79*..

{Maharaja rajaraja maliatasa devatrata Gtidapharasd) Siva, facing ; r. extended ; in 1., trident.
. . .

10 145-8

^95

below, "^

to

1.,

1^

to

r.,

[I.

mon. O.C.

PI. XXII. 9.]

11

146-7

M-9
(S)

Base

silver

type,

Nike.

BA'
The
1.

CIA
king, diad., seated

AAOVVNAO<t>
holds wreath and palm.

Nike

on throne with back on the top of which

il il
j

r.

hand

raised.

t 12 108-5

M-85
t This
cates ifcat
period.
coin, as well as

tol.,

'*f ;

tor.,
(for

<|>.

[PI. XXII. 10.]

* The missing letters look like

HM'
;

mita

mitra

?).

wholly or almost wholly

it

it, is apparently but the nature of the types indiwas intended to pass among the debased silver coins of the

some
of

of those

which precede

made

copper

aONDOPHARES.

105

No.

106

GREEK AND 8CYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

EeTerae.

(ri)

Base

silver ; with inser. Sasasa,

Inscr. corrupt.
diad.,
r.
r.,

The king,
r.,

on horseback

T^\79
'Y^'Y
standing
in
1.,

T'T^v^

T7^~w
Zeus,
diad.,

hand

raised; to

S.

(Maharajasa *r'n'H^3* mahatasa devatratasa (devahadasa) Gadqpharaga) ; in ex.,

(Sasasa).
r. ;

r.

hand advanced
;

long sceptre

to L,

J^

23 U9-8 41'9

below,

to

r.,

tol.,

uncertain letter; tor.,

AjA

A.

24 1S3-4

^85

7 h.

below,

A
O

to

r.,

7h
II j>

25 138-

^8
^-8

uncertain

letters.

>

26

148-

I)

^
II

-ii

II

II

27 129-5

^8
^85

l>

tt

II

II

II

)i

28 154-3

II

n^i

II

II

II

29

134-9 M-9,

(obscure),

(obscure).

Similar.

T'Y'i^.V"! T*y"i~'^

T^TH^y
rajadirajasa

(Maharajasa
Gadajpharasa);
1.;

in ex., (Sasasa). Zeus in extended r. hand.

Mke
30 152-5 41-8
to
r.,

TTT
tor.,

tol.,

1^;

B.

'

[I.O.C.
31

PI. XXII. 13.1

[I.

151-8 41-85

I.

;i

,1

,1

0.

C]

32

150-7 41-8

>>

I!

II

2!

ABDAQASES,

107

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Keverse.

ABDAGASES.
(a)

Copper ; as King.

BACIAWC CWTHPOC A[BAAr]ACoV

Bust of the king r.,
diad.

(Tradatasa maharajasd AvadagaNike r., holding wreath and palm.

sasa).

iE-85

[PI. XXIII. 1.]

M-i5

to

1.,

uncertain letters,

M-9

M-9

(inscr.

BACIA6YC

CWTHP....)(fi)

BasesilvBf; as King's

iiepkev).

BASIAEYaNTnS BA^IAEWNr AB(The AAPA^QY BA of Abdagases' name

read sometimes as the
first letters

Tni'<;77 Y^iCX
(^Gadapharabhradaputrasa mahatajasa tradatasa Avadagasasa)i Zeus, standing r. holds sceptre r. hand advanced.
:

of

BASIA;

EYdNTdS
ter

the

let-

which foUows
is

BA-

5IAEflN

uncertain

[lorS?]). The king 1., on horseback ; iii front,

150-

M-85

toL, ?.

to

1.,

V^

to

r.,

Zr

155-5

M-9
[PI. XXIII. 2.]

7 il501 Jl-85

)*

)j

II

I'

II

"

1U6

GREEK AKD BCiii

ST =..oii.^d

AND

INDIA.

No.

ORTHAGNES.

109

Metal.

No.

Wt.

Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

OETHAGJSTES.
(a)

Bronze.

BACIA6VC
AeU)N

BACI-

MrAC oPGArNHC Bust

of the king
1.,

."l^T
;

^V^:S
.

T"i~^

diad.

wears torquis.

{Maharajasa rajadirajasa makatasa Gudaphara sagaba ?).* Nike r. holds wreath and palm.

^9
Ml 05
^95

tol.,

^
11

^;

tor., >F,
[PI. XXIII. 9.]

i>

M-9

V
)

(last letter of

inscr. absent).

M-9
^1-05
inscr.

jj

yy

SI

))

J>

ends

OPOAFN

to

1.,

uncertain letter

to

r.,

MerAAOY oPGArNoY
Similar.

Illegible inscr.

Similar type.

^95
* This
is

tol.,

H';

tor., ^-'.

Gen. Otmningham's reading sagaba he supposes to stand for On no. 2 of the British Musenm coins there is another letter at the end, which looks like Q^ (rea or da), but which may be a badly
:

sagarbha,

'

brother.'

formed

f.

110

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINOS OP BAOTHIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

PACOEES.
(a) Bronze.

BACIAGYC

A6WN

BACI-

DAKOPHC

MrAC
Bust of
tor-

T^Jr/y TS^*-*
Icurasa).

(Maha-

the king I., -wears quis ; behind, star.

rajasa rajadirajasa mahatasa Pa-

Nike

1. ;

holding wreath

and palm.
to

^95

1.,

uncertain letter
I

to

r,,

lA,

^-85

[PI. xxiii. 8.]

11
1

^1Ml-

uncertain letter

t;

MlM-9

uncertain letter

ZElOJSriSES.
(a) Silver
;

type.

King on

horseback.

CATPAPY
Z
.

The king
r.,
r.

I/IDOY
;

on
to

y\^ yh\y
T7-921I

horseback

in

hand

TA\Y

T-i^c

whip

bow
;

tied

saddle

to

r.,

%?

(^Mani'i\giblasa chhatrapasa putrasa chhatrapasa Jihuniasa). King r., facing a City who wears mural crown, and holds wreath and cornucopiae.

157-6

Ml-05 Ml-05

beneath,

*^

to
letters.

^
..

-,

to

r.,

Tj
,,

[PI. xxiii. 4.]

[I.

139-4

/ and other

..

.,

0.

C]

..

ZEIONISES.

Ill

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse,

Keverse.

(|3)

Bronze ;

types, lion

and

hull.

]AOYYIYCATPAn[
Humped
IduII
r. ;

above,

{[Mani^* gulaputrasa chhatrapasa Lion r. Jihuniasd).

^1-

to

r.,

to

1.,

4\

to

r.,

3
?.

below,

[PI. xxiii. 5.]

Ml-

I>

>>

J>

UXCEETAIN KINGS,
(a)

Bronze; square.
Indian
%

Illegible

Greek

inscrip- Illegible

inscription

the

tion

in which sometimes the word CAT;

words

PA n and XAPANIU
King
r.,

sometimes
is

and

P\/[ T*\iA (pufrasa)

Lion
r.

{chhatrapasa)

sometimes

visible.

visible.

on horseback

lance couched.

^1-

to

r.,

ll

above, iT

to

r.,

X
?)

^1^1^85
iK'8

))

J)

J)

[PI. XXIII. 6.]

J)

3j

ff

[L 0.

C]

)i

))

7*

^8

T.
This
is

)1

* Or mahigulasa.
Zeioniaes.

supposed to give us the name

is

of the father of

The word Jihuniasa

not clear on any British

Museum

speci-

mens

in bronze.

112

GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS Or BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

(0) Bronze; round.

M-^
8

15

16

SANABARES.

113

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

SANABAEES.
(a) Silver.

Bust of the king

1., wearing tiara of late Parthian form, and torquis;

BACIAEYC MErAC CANABA

King dressed
seated
r.

in Parthian style,

behind, A^ 11 (ath).

on throne with back holds bow.

58-5

^75

in front,

7\

above,

FIT.

[PI. xxrii. 10.]

(j8)

Bronze
diad.

Parthian

class.

Head

of the king

1.,

BAEIIAE
seated
r.

CANABAPHC
on
stool
;

King

Inscr. (?)

holds bow.

M-eb
.^65

in front, Fl.

[PL

xxiii. 11.]

^6
(y) Bronze
;

A
n.
(barbarous).

Baetrian

class.

BAZIA6YZ
rupt).
1.,

(cor-

EANAKAPOY
holds wreath.

Nike

r.,

Bust of the king

tiara.

wearing

^85

[PI. XXIII. 12.]

114

GBEEE AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND

INDIA.

No.

BASILEUS SOTER MEGAS.

115

No.

116

GEBEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

ObTsrse.

Keverse.

Bust of the king

to
r.,

r.,

diad. j

]BACrA[WN]CaJTHPM[
Zeus, standing 1. ; holds in thunderbolt over altar; in
tre.
r.
1.,

'^'.

hand,
scep-

23

M-7 M-1 M-1

(inscr.

U
25

BACIAEYWM
[PI. XXIV. 5.]

).

Bust of the king 1., wearing crested helmet ; in r. hand, lance lillet
:

BACIAV BACIAVW[N
CjvuTHP MrAC
r.,

King on
;

horseback

holding ankus

to

border.

26

^95

to

1.,

-^

to

r.,

"^

27

^95

>j

)>

))

?)

[I.

0. C.

PI. XXIV. 6.]

HEEAtJS (EEAtJS).
(a) Silver,

Bust of the king

fillet-border.

r.,

diad.

TY/ANNdYNTdC H/AnY ZAM A Md/ZANqY* The

king
r.,

on horseback; bow and

tied
to saddle; Jbehind, crowning him.

quiver
]S"ike r.,

184 '4

^1-2
* As

in field

r.,

[PI. xxiv. 7.]

to this legend, sec Introduction.

HYECODBS.

117

No.

118

GEBEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.

No.

UNCERTAIN KINGS.

119

No.

120

GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

HEEMAEUS AND KADPHI8ES

(a)

I.

Copper

type of

rev.,

Herdkles.

M-9

10

HERMAEUS AND KADPHISBS.

121

...

122

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse,

KADPHISES
(a)

I.

Copper ; type, Herahles.

Inscr. as below.

Bust of
diad.

Hermaeus

r.,

Jcasasa

kushanayavugasa dhra{dhay

mathidasa). Herakles, facing, diad. holds in r. hand, club; in L, lion's

skin.

^95 KaPCNAKoZDVAn-

in field,

KAA^ilZaV
iE-95

*1

[I.

0. C. PI. xxv.

3.]

KnznVADKAAcpl-

[I.

Zav

0.

C]

(inscr. varied).

^9
^85
iE-9

KDPDMAKDZaVAa
MDKAActllCHOH
AAcplZ
ctilZQVKaAL

y *1

[PI. xxv. 4.J

(inscr. varied),

uncertain letter.

)J

J>

^9
iE-9

K.ZQYAaKAA ZV
inscr.

it.
X.

[I.

0.

C] C]

^85

blundered.

[I.

0.

KADAPHES.

123

No.

124:

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BiCTRIA AND INDIA,

Nd.

; ;

KADPHISES

11.

125

No,

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BACIAEYCOOH MO
KAA<1)ICHC
lar,

Simi-

king wears diadem, but not helmet.

^\

T^^^'-''5'

(Maha.

rajana rajadirajasa, sarvaloga isvarasa mahisvarasa himalmpisasa tradata), last letters obscure. Siva facing, wears headdress and drapery over shoulder ; holds trident in r. hand; behind him bull i
to
1.,

y
[I.

123-2

^75
Similar.

0. C.

PI. XXV. 8.]

Same

inscr.

(last

letters

obscure).

Siva facing, head 1. ; holds in r. hand, trident and battle-axe combuied; in 1., gourd j tiger-skin on arm ; hair arranged in spiral 1.

form
120-

to

I.,

Xy

',

to

r.,

1^

^7
Same
inscr.

[I.

0.

C]

Tipper part Similar

1.,

of the king

emerging from clouds, wears diadem and helmet sur-

mounted

by

trident

holds in r. hand, clab in 1., elephant-goad ; to

122-

[I.

Q. C.

PI. XXV. 9.]

121-2

Same

inscr.

Tipper part Similar.

of the king r., emerging from clouds, wears diadem and helmet sur-

mounted
holds in
tol.,

by
r.

trident

hand, club
[I.

121-2 i^-85 122-4

T?.

0.

C."]

^8

126

GREEK AND 8CYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND

INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BACIAEYC00H[ MO
KAA<|)ICHC
of king
r.,

Head

wearing helmet and diadem; within

square frame.

sasa).

{Maharaja rajadiraja hima TcapiTrident and battle-axe com;

bined

to

1.,

to

r.,

3^?

10

30-5

W-45

[PI. XXV. 10.]

(/8)

Silver ; type, king standing.

BACIACVC
A(jON

BACI-

oohMO KAAI>IChC The king standing

1.,

MrAC

'n

1,

{Maharajasa rajadira-^

wearing diadem
sacrificing
I.,
;

and helmet,
at altar

to

trident
tor.,

and axe combined;

club and

^
is

jasa sarvaloga iwara mahisvara Siva himakapisasa tradata). facing; wears headdress and drapery over shoulder ; holds trident in r. hand ; behind, him, bull r.

11

56-5

Ml
[This coin, which

[I.

0. C.

PI. XXV. 11.]

quite genuine, is the only

of the class in silver.]

known specimen

(y)

Copper ; type, king standing.

[Inscription on both sides varied

and incomplete in various

specimens.]

BACIAVC
ACjON

MrAC
king
altar
;

CWTHP
OOHMO
The
at

BACI-

KAA<I>ICHC
1.,

"I

Tn^

^v-')J.

(^Maha.

sacrificing
1.,

to

trident
r.,

and
club

axe combined; to

and

^.

rajasa rajadirajasa, sarvaloga isvarasa mahisvarasa himakapisasa tradata). Siva facing, holding trident ; drapery hanging at his

back ; behind him, bull ; to

[I.

1.,

X^.

12

13

^M ^M

O. C.

PI. XXV. 12.]

KADPHISES

II.

127

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BACIA6VC
AOaN
king
altar
;

BACI-

MrAC
1.,

CCDTHP

OOHMO

KAA<|)ICHC
to
1.,

The
at

^LXT^^Tj ^'f'

(Maha.

sacrificing

trident

and

axe combined; to r.,club

and

rajasa rajadirajasa, sanaloga isvarasa mahisvarasa Mmakapisasa Siva facing, holding tradata). trident ; drapery hanging at his

back

behind him, buU ; to

1.,

l^f

^1-05

[I.O.C]

^1-1
^1-1
^1-05

^1-25

(twice struck).

Ml^1-05

^1-1

M 1-05
^1-15
Ml-l'o

^1-1

^1-

in inscr. T\~\'2^ betveeen second and third words.

128

GEEEK ANB SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA,

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Beverse.

27

iE-85

28

35

KANERKES.

129

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

KANEEKES.
(a)

Gold ;

inscription, /Saa-iXivs /Sao-iXeW.

BACIA6YC

AWN

BACI

CAAHNH

KANHP-

KOY The king L, wearing helmet and diadem, clad in coat and
trousers,
rise

Selene* (male) L, and himation; crescent behind shoulders ; r. hand advanced ; holds in 1. long sceptre, bound with fiUet ; sword girt
diad., clad in chiton

and

cloak, sa-

round waist

to

1.,

crificing at altar

from
1.

flames shoulders
;

holds in

hand, spear.
[I.

121-8 j;r-8

0. C.

PI. XXVI. 1.]

(j8)

Bronze

inscription, /SacrtXeis /JatrtXeW.

BACIAYC
A(ON

BACI HAIOC

KANHPThe king
as

Helios 1., diad., clad in chiton and himation ; radiate disk

;

KOY
above.

behind head
I.

r.

hand advanced

on hip

to

1.,

tJ

^9
M-9
Similar.

[I.

0. C.

PI. XXVI. 2.J

NANAIA
diad.
;

Nanaia

r.,

nimbate and

holds in r. hand sceptre ending in forepart of horse ; to

M-9

[I.

0. C.

PI. XXVI. 3.]

M-85

M-9
* The figure
inscribed
of Selene is identical -with that
;

which appears on the coin

MAO

it is

that of a male moon-deity.

; :

130

GEEEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

(y)

Gold

inscription,

PAON ANO

&c.
fire-god,

PAONANOPAOKA NhPKIKoPANO
The king standing
1.,

A0PO
diad.,

Bearded deity,

1.,

wearing helmet and dia-

tion ; in 1.,
tol.,

clad in' chiton and himaholds in r. hand, wreath

which

rests

on

hip, tongs;

dem, clad in coat and trousers, and cloak flames rise from his shoulders ; he holds in

^.

hand elephant-goad over altar ; in his 1., spear ; sword at his

r.

Tvaist.

122-8
121-9
27-7
[I.

[PI. XXVI. 4.]

O. C.

PI. XXVI. 5.]

Similar.

APAOXPO
copiae

Female figure r., wearing modius and nimbate, clad in chiton and himation ; holds cornu;

to

r.,

^J

13

122-8 -^-8

[PI. XXVI. 6.]

Similar.

A Poo AC no
r.

Bearded deity
;

r.,

diad., clad in sleeved tunic; holds in

hand, wreath

beside him, horse

;

r.,

saddled, trotting

io\.,X$

120-2

[PI. XXVI. 7.]

122

(same die).

(same die).

[I.

0.

C]

Simil9,r.

BOAAO
hand

clad in chiton

Buddha, facing, nimbate, and himation; r. advanced ; in 1., wallet

tor, ty.
16
109-2

^-8

[I.

0. C.

PI. XXVI. 8.]

; ;

KANEBKES.

131

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

PAONANOPAOKA NhPKIKoPANO
The king standing
].,

MAO

Male

deity

diad., clad in chiton

(moon-god) 1., and himation

shoulders
1.,
; ;

crescent

behind

r.

wearing helmet and. diadem, clad in coat and

hand advanced; holds in sceptre, bound with fiUet

girt

long

sword
.

and cloak flames rise from his shoulders ; he holds in r. hand elephant-goad
trousers,

round waist

to

1.,

\f

over altar ; in his 1., spear; sword at his

waist.

17 121 9

.^75

[PL
(no sword).

9.]

18 122-3

N-8
Similar.

MIPO

Mithras, diad. and with

to
1. ;

radiate disk,

i.

hand ad-

vanced ; in 1., sceptre bound with fillet ; sword girt round waist
19 118-

^8
Similar.

to

1.,

X^

PO
;

Mithras, to
;

1.

r.
;

vanced
waist

1.

rests

on hip

hand adsword at

to

1.

t5

20 122-3

N-8
Similar.

[PI. XXVI. 10.]

NANA
diad.,

Nanaia r., nimbate and head surmounted by crescent ; holds sceptre ending in forepart of horse, and patera;

to r,

21

123-2 Jf-8

Similar.

NANAPAO
Nanaia
;

Similar
r.,

figure

of

to

22 120-3

XJ

23 122-2 24
30-2

(sword at waist).

[PL xxvi.

11.]

^5

[I.O. C.

PL

XXVI. 12.]

132

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

; ;

; ;

KANERKES.

133

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse,

Later period.

A]PAOKPO PAO NANOPA[0 [KA]NHPKOKOPANO on throne,

The king standing
altar,
1.

Goddess, seated facing

at
r.

footstool

nimbate ; tinder holds wreath and

to
1.,

feet,

cor-

nimbate

holds
;

hand over altar in 1., spear bound with fillet to ]., trident bound with
fillet.

nucopiae

33

30-6

^5
(S)

[I.

0. C.

PI. XXVI. 19.]

Bronze;

inscr.

PAO

Sfe.

PAOKA NhPKI
standing holds in
r.
1. 1.

The

A0PO
r.

Bearded deity
;

1.

holds in
rests

king, clad as in last class,

hand, wreath
hip, tongs
(?)

in
;

1.,

which

by altar hand spear

altar.

on

to

1.,

extended over

34
35 36

[PI. XXVII. l.J

MliEl-05
inscr. barbarous.

Similar.

OAYOBOY

Buddha

facing,

nim-

CAKAMA
to
1.,

bate: his r. hand raised as in teaching ; in 1., wallet

37

^85

[PI. XXVII. 2.]

[I.

38

^9
Similar.

0.

C]

M AO

Male deity 1., clad as king crescent behind shoulders; r. hand advanced ; in 1., long sceptre
fiUet:

bound with
IXU

sword

at waist:

to

1.,

t7
[PL XXVII.
3.]

39

^1-05

king nimbate

to

1,,

fj

40
41

^1-05

deity does not hold sceptre.

-85

134

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA,

No.

KANEBKES.

135

No.

136

GEEEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA,

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

HOOEEKES.
(a)

Gold.

PAONANOPAOO
Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds is diad. and nimbate
wears
conical

A0OPO

Hephaestus standing r., flames rising from shoulders holds hammer and tongs ; to r.,

helmet
;

and coat of mail holds ear of corn and spear.*

121-5

^8

[PI, XXVII. 8.]

PAONANOP AOOOh AGPO

PKIKO
123-5

Similar.

SimUar.

W-85

PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO
Similar.

Similar

symbol to

1.

120-9

^-85

SunUar.

APAIXPO

Sun-god L, diad. and with radiate disk ; r. hand advanced, and two fingers raised ; 1.
rests

on hip

to

1.,

5t

123-5

^-85

[PI. ixvii. 9.]

122-8 A'

-9

[I.

0.

C]

It

has been judged imneoessai-y

to describe at

length the details of the

king's coBtome in this and other coins.

HOOKKKES.

137

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

ReTerae,

PAONANOPAO oo hPKIKoPANO
part of king 1., emerging from clouds diaJ. and nimbate wears conical helmet

APAOXPO
Greek
cornucopiae
;

Female deity
to
r.,

r.,

in

attire ;

holds in both hands

Upper

JQ

and coat of mail ; holds ear of corn and spear.

6

124-5 Jf-8

[PI. xxvii. 10.]

7 122

.^85

8 122-5 Jf-8
9

122-4 J^-8
58-3
(plated)

to

r,, fire (?).

10
11

^8
W-85
W-85 ^55
inscr.
inscr.

122-

APAOXPA.
and symbol
[1.

[I. 0.

C]
C]

12 123-5
13
30-6

type

1.,

to

1.

[I. 0.

PAONANO OOh
Similar.

0. e.]

PAONANO PAOO
OhPKIKOPANO
Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of

com and
14 122-5 15 120-7 le 120-6 J^-8 17

elephant-goad,

W-85
inscr.

deity with modius and nimbus,

OYOhPKI

for inscr.

O^OASAand symbol
to
1.

OOhPKI.
type
1.,

30 6 Jf'5

deity with modius and nimbus.

[PI. XXVII. 11.]

PAONANOPAO oohPKOKOPANO
r., riding on elephant ; holds sceptre and elephant-goad.

Similar.

Deity with modius and

nimbus.

The king

181120-9 jV-8

[PL XXVII.

12.1

. ;

138

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND

INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Inscr.

obscure. part of king

Upper
1.,

AOXPO

Female

figure

1.,

nimbate
;

emerg-

holds wreath and comucopiae

to

ing from clouds, diad.

9rears

rounded helmet;

holds ear of corn and elephant-goad.

19 122-6

^8

[PL

XXVII. 13.]

20 123-3 'n-8

PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO
Upper
1.,

MIOPO

Female deity r., diad. and nimbate, in Greek attire; holds

comucopiae in both hands
;

part of the king emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical hehnet and chlamys "over ar-

to

r..

^-

mour; holds corn and spear.

21
123-

ear

of

^8
PAONAr/oPA OOOhPKI The
king

[PI. XXVII. 14.]

hPAKIAO
over
1.

Bearded Heracles 1., naked; holds in r. hand, club;

arm, lion's skin;
;

seated cross-legged to 1., diad. and nimbate ; flames rising from shoulders ; -wears conical helmet, and holds ear of

in

1.

hand, apple

to

1.,

com and
22 123-3
.AT -8

spear.

[PI. XXVII. 15.]

PAONANOPAOO ohPKIKOPANO
part of the king emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet; holds ear of
1.
,

MAAChNO

Upper

Male deity (Mahisend) facing, nimbate and diad., clad in coat and chlamys ; holds in r. hand, standard surmounted

by bird ; in
O. C.

L,

sword

to

1.,

com and
23 125-5 24 112-7

elephant-goad.
fl.

W-8
.AT

PI. xxvii. 16.]

-75

HOOERKBS.

139

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

BeTerse.

PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO
part of the king emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of
1.,

MANAOBAPO

Moon-god

facing,

Upper

com and elephant-goad.

25 26

seated on throne; feet resting on footstool ; wears helmet ; crescent behind shoulders ; has four arms and hands, in three of which he grasps sceptre, wreath ? and fire 1, fourth hand rests on hip ; to r..

^.
122

N-1b
-8

[PI. xxvii. 17.]

122-5 AT

PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO
Upper
1.,

M AO
waist

Moon-god L,
;

shoulders

part of the king emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet and coat of mail ; holds
ear of

wreath
;

crescent behind clad in coat ; holds and sceptre; sword at

1.,

to

com and

spear.
[PI. XXVII. 18.]

27

122-3

A'' -85

Similar.

M AO

Moon-god 1.,
;

shoulders

chlamys

crescent behind in chiton and holds sword in 1. ;

clad

wreath in

r.

hand

to

1.,

^.

28 29

122-2 A^-86
123-2 A" -8
[I.

0.

C]

Similar.

MAO
in
1. ;

Moon-god 1. ; holds sceptre r. hand advanced ; to 1.,

30

122-6

^85

[I.

0. C.

PL

XXVII. 19.]

PAONANOP AOOOhPKO
type.

MAO
Similar

Moon-god
;

1.;
;

r,

hand
1.,

ex-

tended

in

1.,

sword

to

7^

31

30-2 AT -5

[I.

0. C.

PI. XXVII. 20.]

140

GREEK AND

SOi'THIO KINGS OP BACTEIA

AND

INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

PAONANOPAOO ohPKlKoPANO
Upper
,

MAO
in
1.

Moon-god
hand ;
to
1.,

1. ;

holds sceptre
.

part of the king 1. emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet, and chlamys over armour ; holds ear of com goad.

and elephant-

32 120"

^9
Similar,

MAO
in
r.

Moon-god
hand
;

1.

holds sceptre

to

1.,

^
C]
1.;
r.

121-2
122-5

^8

[PI. XXVII. 21.]

[I.

0.

Similar.

MAO

Moon-god
;

hand ex-

tended

in

1.,
1.,

sceptre, held trans-

versely; to

5^.

122-4 iir-75
121-2
sceptre

hound with

fillet.

121-2 N--8
123i;r-85
(inscr.

[PI. XXVII. 22.]

MAOO).
Moon-god
;

Similar.

M AO

1. ;

r.
;

hand
1.,

ex-

tended
122-8 iV-85 121-4 N'-S
(inscr.

sword in

1.

to

MAOO).
Moon-god
diad.; holds in 1., sceptre

Similar.

MAO
to
r.,

r.,
;

in r, hand, wreath

^.
[PI. XXVII. 23.]

411 122-

^--8

, .

HOOEEKES.

141

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

PAONANOPAOO ohPKIKOPANo

Bearded moon-god r., diad. ; crescent behind shoulders; holds in r. hand, Upper part of the king sceptre, bound with fillet ; in 1.. elephant-goad: and sun-god 1., ra]., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded diate;' r. hand advanced;- in 1., helmet, and chlamys sceptre, bound with fillet ; behind and over armour ; holds ear the two, the names of corn and elephantbetween PO respectively 1

MAO

goad.
,

them,

^
[PI. xxvii. 24.]

42 121-1 j;r-s

PAONANOPAOOO hPKKOPANO
part of the king emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate flames rising from shoulders wears conical helmet ; holds ear
1.,
;

PO
;

Sun-god

1.,

wreath
waist

and
to
I.,

sceptre

nimbate ; holds sword at ;

Upper

pQ

of corn

and

spear.

43 123-

i^-85

44 122-3

^-85
Similax

no

flames.

MOPO
wreath
waist
;

Sun-god 1., radiate ; holds and sceptre ; sword at

to
1.,

J^

45 123-

^8
Similar.

[PI. XXVIII. l.J

MIOPO
fiUet
;

Sun-god 1., radiate holds wreath and sceptre, bound with

;

to

1.,

46

121-7

^8
Simila,r
; king holds standard instead of spear.

[I.

0.

C]

MiOPO
to
1.,

Sun -god 1., diad. and nimbate; holds wreath and sword;

47

122-8 J^-8.

; ;

142

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Beverse.

PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO
part of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet holds ear of corn and
spear.

MIYPO
radiate
to
1., ;

Sun-god

1.,

diad.

and
;

holds wreath and sword

Upper

5Q

48 122-2

^9
Similar.

1 1

PO
[I.

Sun-god

r.,
;

radiate
r.,

holds

spear and sword

to

^
2.]

49 121-3 iir-85

0. C.

PL xxvm.

PAOOOh

Similar.

MYPO
toL,

Sun-god I., nimbate; r. hand advanced ; in 1., sceptre

^.
0. C.

50

30-2

^5

[I.

PL

XXVIII. 3.]

PAONANOPA
OOOhPKI
part

M lOPO
TJpper

Sun-god

L, radiate
;

holds

wreath and sceptre

to L,

of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet; holds ear of

com and
51
30-7 i^-55

elephant-goad.

[L 0.

C]
1.,

PAONANOPAOOY OhPKIKOPANO
Similar.

MIOPO
tol.,

Sun-god

radiate;

r.

hand holds spear ; L grasps sword

52 120-8
5.3

.AT -8

^.
[I. 0.

122-8

^8

C]
L, radiate;
r.
1.,

PAONANOPAO OOhPKIKOPANO
Similar.

MIOPO

Sun-god hand holds spear ;

sword at waist ; to

rests

on hip

54

122-2

N-85

[PL

XXVIII. 4.]

HOOBRKES.

143

No.

; ;;

144

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

No,

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

ReverBe.

PAONANOPAO
oohPKIKoPANO
Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds; diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet
holds ear of corn and
spear.

OMI/\
diate
;

Sun-god advancing L, ra^ r. hand advanced ; 1. holds

;

sword

to

1.,

26-

69

28-8

N-5
[I.

[I. 0.

C]

70

30-2 J^-55

0. C.

PI, xsviii. 6.]

PAONANoPAooo hPKKoPANp
part of king I., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate flames rise from shoulders ; wears conical helmet; holds ear of corn

HPO

(MIPO?)

Artemis stand-

Upper

ing r., clad in long chiton and himation ; holds in 1. hand, bow and with r., draws arrow from
quiver
;

to

r.,

p^

and
71
122-3

spear.

W-85

[PI. xxvni. 7.]

PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO
part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet holds ear of corn and
spear.

NANA

Nanaia 1., wears stephane holds sceptre, ending in forepart

of horse,

Upper

and patera

to

1.,

"J^

72

121-7

^-8
Similar.

[PI. xxviii. 8.]

NANO
bate;
sceptre

Nanaia
crescent

r.,

diad. and nimon head; holds

;

and patera
[I.

to

r.,

J^

73 74
75

124-

W-85

0.

C]
[I.

123-

^85

king's

name

OOhPKO
ohPKO.

inscr.

NANA.

0.

C]

121-3 W^-85

HOOBEKES.

145

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO
Upper
part of king L, emerging from clouds, diacl. and nimbate wears conical hehnet

NANO
bate
;

Nanaia
crescent

r., diad,.

and nimon head ; holds

to
r.,

sceptre

and patera ;

holds ear of
spear.

com and

76 122-9

^8
^-85

king holds double ear of

[PI. XXVIII. 9.]

com.*
77 122-5
king's

name

OOh PKO
OOhPK

[I.

0.

C]

78 121-2 Jf-S5 79 122-5

inscr. barbarous.

-8

80 122-6

^85

[I.

0.

C]

PAONANOPAOO NANA OhPKOKoPANOPAO bate

;

King seated cross-legged

on clouds, head r., diad. and helmeted ; holds in 1., standard, surmounted

N"anaia r., diad. and nimcrescent on head ; sword at waist; holds sceptre and patera;

tor.,

?J.

by
81
120-8

bird.

^85

82 119-5

^8
PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO
of the king emerging from clouds, diad. wears rounded J helmet ; holds ear of
1.,

[I. 0. C.

PI. XXVIII. 10.]

NANAPAO
to
r.,

E"anaia

r.,

diad.

and

nimbate; crescent on head; sword

at waist; holds sceptre

Upper part

and patera;

5?

corn and elephant-goad.

83 118-8 84 151-3
[I.

0.

C]
r.

* This specimen proves that the object in the king's

hand

is

an ear

of

com, and not a club as

it

has usually been supposed to be.

146

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTEU AND INDIA,

No.

; ;

HOOERKBS.

H7
Reverse.

No.

wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

PAONANOPAOOO hPKEKOPANO
part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet flames rising from shoulders
;

OANINAA

Nike standing 1. holds wreath and trophy-stand, as

on coins of Alexander ;
to
r.,

Upper

PQ

holds ear of

com
[PI. XXTIII. 13.]
inscr.

and
95 122

spear.

A^-85

96 121-7

^8

OANINAO
Siva
1.,

PAONANOPAOO ohPKIKOPANO
Upper part
diad.
;

OKPO

nimbate

wears

of king 1., emerging from clouds,

necklace, and has four arms and hands, in which are (1) vase and elephant-goad, (2) thunderbolt, (3)
trident, (4) goat; to
1.,

flames

rising

from shoulders j wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of corn and elephant-goad.

^,

97 122-7 98 121-5
99 1201

^-8 ^-8

[PI. xxviii. 14.J

[I.

0.

C]

W-8
Inscr. barbarous.

Similar

OKPO

Siva 1., with four arms and hands, in which are (1) wreath, (2) 1 (3) trident, (4) goat ; to 1.,
,

^.
100 123-

A^-85

PAONANOPA OOhPK Upper

of

OKPA
part

Siva facing, three-headed ; has four arms and hands, in which

are vase, thunderbolt, trident,

king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear ol corn and standard surmounted by bird.
101 122-2 iV-85l

and

club; to

1.,

5^.

[PI. XXTIII. 15.]

148

GBEEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

; ;

HOOBEKES.

149

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Inscr. otscure.

Upper part PI

DM
r.,

Eoma

or Pallas standing

of king

emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet holds

1.,
;

wearing helmet and long chiton;

holds spear and shield; tor.,

fy

ear of corn and elephantgoad.

109 123-5 ^85

[PI. xxTiii. 20.]

PAONANOPA
ooYohPKIKop
Similar.

CAPAFlO
diad.
tol., 5^.

Sarapis
;

standing
;

1.,

and clad in himation

in
1.,

r.

hand advanced

sceptre

110 123-1

^85

[PI. XXVIII.

21.J

111 121-6 jV-85

[I.

0.

C]

PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO
Upper
part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of corn and elephant-goad.

CKANAOKO M
APO

BIZAro

Skanda and Visakha*

standing face to face, nimbate each wearing chlamys and necklace, and sword at waist ; but Skanda holds in r. hand, standard surmounted by bird; Visakha holds in 1. hand, spear; between

them,

^.
[PI. XXVIII. '22.]

112 123-

^-8

113 121-3 jsr-8

Similar; last letter of inscr.

CKANAOKOMAPO B IZAPO
Skanda and Visakha standing face nimbate Skanda holds in r. hand, standard Visakha holds in 1. hand, spear ; between them,
to face,
; ;

wanting.

114

31-

^-5
*

[I.

0. C.

PI. xxTiii. 23.]

See Introduction.

Bou and impersonation of Skanda.

; ; ;

150

GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

ObverBe.

Eeverse.

PAONANOPAOO ohPKIKoPANO
part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet; holds ear of com and elephant-goad.

CKANAOK OMAPOMA AC h
NOBIZAFO
Niche on
basis,

Upper

within which, Skanda and Visakha standing as above ; between them, Mahasena, homed(l), facing, nimbate, clad in chlamysj sword
at waist
;

to

1.,

115 121-

J^-8

[PI. ixTiii. 24.]

PAONANPAOO ohKIKOPANO
part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet

<l>

A PPO

Upper

Male deity 1., head winged; clad in coat ; holds in r. hand, fire; 1. grasps sword at waist; to 1.,

^.

holds ear of
spear.

com and

116 123-2

^8

[I.

0. C.

PI. xxTiii. 25.]

hPKIKOPANO
Upper part of king
1.,

<l>

A PPO
diad.
;

emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate

flames rise from shoulders wears conical helmet ; holds ear of corn and standard.
;

Male deity 1., head winged, flames rising from shoulders ; wears coat and chlamys holds in r. hand, fire ; 1. grasps
sword
at waist
;

to

1.,

p^

117

122-4:

^85

PAONANOPAO
oohPKIKoPANO
Upper part of king
1.,

l>APPO

Similar

deity nimbate.

emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet holds ear of com and standard surmounted by
bird.

118

121-6^-8

HOOEBKES.

151

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reyerae

PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKoPANO
King
as last
;

<|)APO Male deity 1., head winged, nimbate; wears coat and chlamys; r. hand advanced in 1., long scepholding ear
;

of corn and spear.

tre;

sword at waist; to
[I.

1.,

^.

119 123-4

^8
Same
inscr.

0.

C]

King as

last

<l>APPO

holding ear of
sceptre.

com and

Male deity 1., nimbate; flames rising from shoulders; holds in extended r. hand, iire ; in 1.,
sceptre
;

to L,

120 121-2

^-8
Same
inscr.
;

[PI. XXTIII. 26.]

King

as be-

<l>

A PPO
nimbate
sceptre

Male deity r., head winged,

;

fore

holding

ear

of

clad
fire
;

in
to

coat
r.,

holds

corn and spear.

and

121 123-3

N-8
Same
inscr.'!
;

[PI. XXVIII. 27.]

King

as be-

<l>

A PPO
cous

fore

holding

double
spear.

ear of

com and

Male deity 1. head winged, nimbate ; clad in coat and chlamys; hoJds purse and cadu,

to

1.,

^
[I.

122 122-4 Jf-8

0.

C]

PAONANOPA ooohPKKoPA
King as
ear of

<|>APO

Similar figure; holds purse'

;

and long sceptre

to

1.,

before ; holding
spear.

JQ

com and

123 123-5 J7'-8

[PI. XXTIII. 28.]

PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKoPANO
Similar.

<l>APPO Male deity r., head winged, diad. and nimbate ; clad in coat holds sceptre and elephant-goad tol., '^.
[PI. XXTIII. 29.]

124 121-5 4^-8

; ;

152

GEEEK AND SOYTHIO, KINOS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

PAONANOPAO oohPKOKoP
Upper
part
,of

Inscr. barbarous.

Male deity 1., nimr.

bate
I.,

in extended

hand,

fire

king

in

1.,

emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; wears rounded helmet;

holds ear of corn and
standard.

sword; to

1.,

^.

125 124-1

N-85

PAONANOPAoo OhPKIKOPANO
Upper
part of king ]., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet holds ear of
;

<|>APO Male deity nimbate holds in

;

1.,

r.

head winged, hand, wreath

in

1.,

sceptre

to

1.,

y^

corn and elephant-goad.

126 121-2

^-8
Similar.

<l>

A PPO
nimbate
1.,

Male deity r. head winged, r. hand rests on hip in *

, ; ;

IIP

sceptre; to

r.,

^,
C]

127 122-0

128 121-7 129 122-2

inscr.

[I.

0.

<|>APO

130
131

33-3

27

[I.

0. C.

PI.

XXTIIL 30.]

Similar

<|>APO on hip

Male deity
;

1. ;

1.

hand
to
1.,

rests

in

r.,

sceptre

^_

132 123-3 Jf-75 133 121-4

N-8

inscr.

<|>APPO
0<1A<I>.

[I.

0.

C]

,134 122-1 J^-8

(sword at waist).

HOOERKES.

153

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Beverse.

PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO
part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of

<|>APO

Upper

Male deity 1., head winged, nimbate, standing on fire ; holds in r. hand, fire ; in 1., sceptre ; to

135 120-8

^8

corn and elephant-goad.

Similar.

<l>APPO

Male deity 1., head winged, nimbate, standing on fire ; r. hand extended ; in 1., caduceus ; to 1.,

136 120 137 122-4

^8
Similar.

[L 0. C.

PI. XXVIII. 31.J

COPON
wearing
r.

Male deity 1., bearded, modius and himation

;

hand advanced
;

in

1.,

long

sceptre

to

1.,

^
0.

138 122

Jf-8

[PI. XXVIII. 32.]

[I.

139 122-2 jr-8

C]

{j3)

Bronze ;

type,

King on

elephant.

PAONANO PAOOO- A0PO in hPKNOPANO*

r.

Male deity

1.,
;

diad.

holds
I.,

hand, wreath

and in

The king

r.,

diad.

and

tongs; tol.,

nimbate, riding on elephant ; holds spear and

elephant-goad.

^.

140
141

Ml^1-15

142

Mlmany
* This msoription cannot be read entire on any single specimen and specimens are blundered or barbarous but the formula in the text
;
:

seems

to

be the normal and usual one.

154

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

..

; ;;

HOOEBKES.

155

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

PAONANO PAOOO M AO holds hPKNOPANO

The
-king
r.,

Female deity 1., nimbate in both hands, cornucopiae

"5^

diad.

and

to

1.,

nimbate, riding on elephant holds spear and elephant-goad.

;

153

iEl-05
Similar,

MIIOPO
sword
;

Sun-god
;

1.,

hand extended
to
1.,

with

radiate; r. grasps 1.

Xy
0.

154
155 156

^1MliE-95
Barbarous inscr. elephant to 1.

[I.

C]

(inscr.

MIlPO).

King on

MPPO?

Sun-god 1., nimbate; hand extended ; in 1., sceptre

;

r.

to

157

Ml-

PAONANO PAOOOhPKNOPANO
The kiag
r.,

O K PO

Siva standing 1. , four armed holds wreath, thunderbolt, trident,

diad.

and

and goat

to

1.,

nimbate, riding on elephant ; holds spear and elephant-goad.

158

^1-05

159

^1
Similar.

(Siva holds in fourth hand, vase). [PI. xxix. 3.]

O KPO

Siva standing 1., two armed holds in r. hand, trident ; in 1.,

(?)
j

vase and lion's skin

to

I.,

160
161

M105
MlM-9
M-85 M-95
M-95

to

r.,

y
[I.

162
163 164
1651

0.

C]

156

GREEK AND fiCTlklC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Beverse.

(y) Bronze

type,

King

seated.

PAONANOPAO A9 PO Male deity OOhPKNOPANO* in extended hand;

r.

1. ;

holds wreath
to
1.,

King

facing,

head

^.

r.,

'

seated
in
1.

cross-legged

on

cusliions,

body

radiate

hand, sceptre.

166

^1Inscr.

Kiag, head and Similar.

radiate,

body
167

seated

facing on throne.

^1-

168

^1Inscr.
facing,

King
head
1.

nimbate,
r.,

APAOXP

Female deity
;

1. ;

holds

seated;

holds in

comucopiae

hand, sceptre.

to

1.,

^
;

169

JE-

Inscr.

King nimbate,

r.,

AP]AOXP
in
r.

Female deity L
(?)
;

holds

170

MS

reclining.

hand, sceptre

to

1.,

Inscr.

King

seated cross-

MAO
1.

on cushions, facing, head r., head and body radiate; 1. hand raised.
legged

shoulders

Moon-god 1., crescent behind ; r. hand advanced ; with

;

grasps sword

to

1.,

171

Ml-

[I.

0. C.

PL

xirx.

4.]

172

MlMlM-95

in

1.,

sceptre.

173
174

175

M-8
*

On

coins of this class the inscription is even

it

more debased

thaoi on
.

those of the last; sometimes, however,

ends

00|-|PKKOPANO

HOOBEKBS.

157

No.

wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

PAONANOPAO M AO Moon-god crescent behind shoulders hand advanced with OOhPKNOPANO

1.,
;

r.

King

seated

cross-

1.

grasps sword

to

1.,

legged, facing, head r., nimbate ; holds in each hand, staff or sword.

176

^9
Inscr.

King, head and Similar.

radiate, half reclin-

body
177

^1^1-

ing, facing,

on throne.

178
179 180
181

^1-

(inscr. retrograde).

[PI. xxii. 5.]

[I.

0.

C]

M-9
Inscr.

and

King, with head nimbate, body

MIOPO
sword

Sun-god 1., radiate; r. hand advanced with 1. grasps

; ;

seated cross-legged, facing, on cushions; in

1.

to

1.,

^
O.

hand, -sceptre.
[I.

182 183

MlMlM-8
M-d5
Inscr.

C]

184
185

(king not nimbate).

(deity holds wreath in

r.).

[PL XXIX.

6.]

King, with body Similar.

half reclining, facing on throne, flames on shoulders.

radiate,

186 187

Ml-l

(deity holds sceptre, not sword).

MlMlM-85
M-85
(deity holds wreath in
r.).

188 189

(inscr.

MIIOPO).

190

158

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF B40TRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Beverse.

PAONANoPAo oohPKKOPANO
King, with head nimbate and body radiate, seated facing, head r., cross-legged on cushions; holds in 1. hand, sceptre.

NANA

Nanaia
r.,

r.j

nimbate ; holds

sceptre; to

^.

191

^1-05

[I.

0.

C]

Similar,

OKPO
1. ;

Siva facing, nimbate, head has four arms and hands, in which he holds a wreath, a thunderbolt, a trident and a vase to
;

192

^1-05

193

^9
Inscr.

King, with head Similar.

radiate, half

and body
reclining,

facing,

on
[I.

throne.

194

^1-

0. C.

PL

xxrx. 7.]

195

^1-

196

Ml-

(Siva holds goat in fourth hand).

197

(Siva grasps sword in fourth hand).

BAZODEO (VASU DBVA).

159

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZODEO (VASU DEVA).

(a)

Gold.

PAONANO PAO BA ZoAhoKoPANO

The king
1.,

NANA
in
horse,

clad

Nanaia r., nimbate, head surmounted hy crescent; holds forepart of sceptre, ending in

conical hebnet and sxiit of mail, diad. and nim-

and patera

to

r.,

bate

holds

r.

hand over
wears
[PI.

altar; inl., spear;

122-5 122-2

^-85

sword.

XXIX.
0.

8.]

^8
PAONANOPA OBAZOAhoK
Similar.

[I.

C]

OKPO
faces

and two arms

;

Siva facing, having three holds wreath

;

and trident

to

1.,

120-8 AT 122-3

-8

(inscr.

OPKO).

[PI. xxix. 9.]

PAONANOPAOBA ZoAhoKoPANO
The king
1.,

OKPO
faces

Siva facing, having three

; ;

clad

in
suit

and two arms holds wreath and trident behind him, bull 1.
r.,

conical helmet

and

to

of mail, diad. and nimbate; holds r. hand over altar ; in 1., spear; standard behind head.
5 6 7

123-8 AT 124-9 AT

-8

[PI.

XXIX. 10.]

-8

123-5 A^-85 124-8 AT -85 123-4 AT

-8

(Siva one-faced).
(bull feeding).
(inscr.

[I.

0.

C]

8
9

OPKO).
to
1.

10 122-8 A^-85

(inscr. barbarous).

(Siva one-faced)

symbol

160

GREEK AKD SOTTHIC KINGS OF BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

BAZODEO (VASU DEVa).

161

No.

162

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND

INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obvers^.

Beverse.

INDO.SCYTHIC, UNCEETAIK
(a)

Gold;

ivithout figure of

King.

Indian legend (see plate the inscripXXIX. 15 tion seems to run on one side dideva;

TAYPOC

Humped buU

r,

nT 5

(vrishabha).

Greek city-godand peplos, wearing mural crown, and holding a

ta
?).

dess, clad in chiton

poppy-head.
66-7 Jf-6
[PI.

ixix. 15.]

.(

163

SUPPLEMENT.
IMPOltTANT TYPES NOT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.*

"No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

DEMETEIUS.
Bust of the king
r.,

diad.

AH MHTPIOY
lance and shield.
[PI.

BAZIAEflZ

Pallas

facing,

armed ; holds

XXX.

1.]

M Wt. 243Same
inscr.

(Gen. Cunningham); an injured specimen (Wt. 219-3), recently acquired for Brit. Museum.

Head

of the king

r.,

in elephant's

skin.
[PI.

spear in

r.,

Pallas seated 1., holding and shield in 1.

(Gren.

XXX.

2.]

iE_round,

-7

Cunningham).

BAZIAEnZ ANIKHTOY AH MHTPIOY Bust of the king

in elephant's skin.

r.,

U^'t.
aparajitasa Deme thunderbolt.

(Mdharujasa
).

Winged

[PI. XXX. 3.]

square, '75 (Gen.

Cunningham).

* In this list will be found the more important coins of the Greek and Soythic Kings which have been published, but are not represented in the British Museum. Mere varieties are not given, nor, in most cases, merely different denominations of already

mentioned

coins, unless

when such denominations

are higher than those of the British

plates, the figures in

Museum

Coins.

To
to

this

Supplement belong three

which are

in

Gen. Cunningham's valuable papers in the Numismatic Chronicle, and are reproduced by his kind pei-mission. In one or two instances coins have been inserted

most cases due

here which. were acquired for the British

Museum

too late for

them

to figure in their

proper places.
I

164

SUPPLKMENT.

No.

SUPPLEMENT.

165

166

SUPPLEMENT.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ MEfAAOY KPATIAOY Bust of the

r.,

EYking

diad.

and helmeted.

T ^ ^ ^^ ^

(Mdharajasa
.

rajadirajasa Evukratidasa). 1. ; holds wreath and palm.

Mke

[PI.

XXX. 12.]

square,

'7

(Gen. Cunningham).

HELIOCLES.
Bust of the king
r.,

helmeted.

B AZ A EnZ HAroKAEOYZ
I

Zeua seated - 1. holds Nike

AIKAIOY
jR Tetradrachm
Hay).
[PI. XXXI. 1.]

and long
(formerly

sceptre.

Major

Drachm (The

late

Sir E.

C.

Bayley).

ANTIALCIDAS.

BAZIAEnZ NIKH|)OPOY ANTIAAKIAOY Bust of

king
r
,

the

diad.

rajasa jayar T 7'*'1 7*^ 6 dhafasa Amtiali/cidasa). Elephant walking r. ; wreath in raised trunk.

square, "75 (Major

Landon

now

presented to British Museum).

ANTIALCIDAS AND LYSIAS.

BAZIAEX2Z ANIKHTOY

Inscr. as last.
curi,

The

caps of the Dios-

AYZIOY
Heraklea
r.
;

Bust of bearded club on shoulder.

and two palms.

[PI. XXXI. 2.]

square, -7

(Bodleian Library).

SUPPLEMISNT.

167

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

THEOPHILUS.

BAZIAEIIZ AIKAIOY
Q EO<t>
diad.
I

Bust
r.

AOY

of the king

jasa dhramiJcasa r '"I'^^'t Theuphilasa). Herakles, crowning himself ; holds in 1. hand, club and lion's skin.

[PI.

XXXI.

3.]

Wt.

36-

(Geu. Cunningham).

BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY OEo<l>IAOY

kles
r.
:

Head

of bearded Hera-

(Mahdrajasa dhramikasa J'heupliilasa).

club on shoulder.
[PI.

Cornucopiae.

XXXI.

4.J

square, -8

(Gen. Cunningham).

AKCHEBIUS.

BAZIAEfiZ AIKAIOY NIKH<|)OPOY APXEBIOY Bust of

Zeus
r.,

diad.

sceptre

on shoulder.

'YA'^%7
The caps and two palms.
yasa).

(Mdhdmjasa
of the Dioscuri,

dhramikasa jayadharasa Arkhehi-

[PI.

XXXI.

5.]

JE

square, -9 (Gen.

Cunningham).

APOLLODOTUS.

BAZIAEnZ ZnTHPoZ Apollo [AnoAAOAoToY]

seated
r.

{Maharajasa tradatasa Apaladatasa).

on throne, holding out

Tripod.
'8

bow.

square,

(Gen. Cunningham).

168

SUPPLEMENT.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

STIUTO

I.

BAZIAEnZ Eni<l>ANOYZ ZflTHPOZ ZTPATnNOZ

Bust of the king
r.,

diad.

T^^,
thunderbolt.

(Mah&rajasa

jyrati-

chhasa tradatasa Stratasa). Pallas 1. ; holding aegis and hurling

[PI. XXXI. 6.]

M. Wt.

134- (Gen. Cunningham).

STRATO

II.

BACIAEnC CilTHPoC CTPATflNoC YIOY

CTPATnNOC
r.,

Bust of the

king

diad.

{Maharaja
tasa).

rajarajasa
1. ;

Stratasa

puirasa cha mmpriyapita StraPallas

holding aegis

and thunderbolt.
[PI.

XXXI.

7.]

Wt. 36- (Gen. Cunningham).

This

is

Gen. Cunningham's reading of his specimen (engraved), and given

on his authority.

MENANDEE.

BAZrAEnZ ZI2THPOZ M EN AN APOY Head of Pallas

r.,

T.\Cvi/
drdsa).

T"l^\
Ovfi
r.

T5J"1^V
Mena-

(Mdharajasa

tradatasa

helmeted.

[PL XXXI.

8.]

M Wt.

28- (Gen.

Cunningham).

BAZIAEHZ ZnTHPOZ
Bust of the king 1., wearing aegis and thrusting with spear.

MENANAPOY

y.^vl/
Menadrasa).

rajasa tradatasa Pallas 1. ; holding

aegis.

thunderbolt and
JR,

Didrachm (Published by Gen. Cunningham from a sealing-wax

impression)

SUPPLBMENT.

169

No.

Obverse.

Reverse

BAZIAEnZ ZnTHPoZ

MENANAPOY
r.,

T.\vi/

Young male

Y^^\ T^^.~V
,

head

wearing wreath.
[PI. xixi. 9.]

(Mdharajaaa tradatasa Dolphin r. drdsa).

Mena-

M
1.

square,
inscr.

1"

Same

iascr.

Two-humped camel
XXXT. 10.]

Same

Bull's head, facing.

1'

[PI.

M M
r.

square,

(Museum

As.

Soc.

Bengal).

Same

iiiscr.

Elephant L
XXXI. 11.]

Same

inscr.

Elephant-goad.

[PI.

square, '9 (Gen.

inscr.

Cunningham).

Same

inscr.

Boar's head

Same

Palm-branch.

[PI. XXXI. 12.]

square, '8

Kos. 3 and 6 are said by Gen. Cunningham to be in the East India Museum. This
is

incorrect, as the coins of this

Museum

a-re

now

in the British

Museum, and

these types are wanting.

EPANDEE.

BAZIAEHZ NKH<|!OPOY EHANAPOY Bust of the king

r.,

diad.

T'\/7Z
.

Pallas Epadrasa) and thunderbolt.

rajasa] jayadh arasa 1. ; holds aegis

[PL XXXI.

13.]

Wt.

19- (brokn),

(Gen. Cun-

ningham).

DIONYSIUS.
Apollo r., clad in chlamys arrow with both hands.
;

holds
yasa).

(Maharajasa tradatasa DianisiKoyal diadema.

square, '6
(Col, Bush).

[PL XXXI.

14.]

170

SUPPLEMENT.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

ZOILUS.

BAZrAEflZ AIKAIOY
Xn.
I

Bust
diad.

AOY

of the king

r.,

t'~\9'^ rajasa dhramikasa Jhoilasa). Herakles, facing ; holds in r., wreath ; in 1., club and lion's
skin ; on his shoulder, Nike holding wreath.

[PI. XXXII. l.J

Wt. 36-5 (Gen. Cunningham).

BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY Head Xn. AOY of bearded Horukles

I

T1f1 T^vk5 T^^'^>^

(Maharajasa dhramikasa Jhoilasa). Club and bow-case, within
ivy-wreath.

r.,

in lion's skin.

[PI. XXXII. 2.]

square, 1-1

(Lady Headfort).

AETEMIDOKUS.

BAZIAEflZ
king
r.,

ANIKHTOY
Bust of the
'l'^ H^'^i ? (Maharajasa apadihatasa Artemidorasa). Artemis, clad in short chiton and chlamys, shooting 1.
XXXII.
3.]

APTEMIAXiPOY
diad.

[PI.

M
M
r.,

Wt. 128- (Gen. Cunningham).

specimen
117-3),

much

recently

injured (Wt. acquired for

British

Museum.

(king helmeted).

[P]. xxxii. 4.]

Wt. 36- (Gen. Cunningham).,

Same

inscr.

Bust of the king

Same

inscr.

Nike

r.

holds wreath

diad.

and palm.
[PI.

XXXII.

5.]

Wt.

37-

(Gen. Cunningham).

SUPPLEMENT.

171

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

PHILOXENUS.
The
British

Museum

has recently acquired a didrachm (Wt. 140') of this

(p.

king with the usual type and inscriptions

obverse a helmeted bust of the king
1.,

56), but

having on the

thrusting with spear.

NICIAS.

BAZIAEflZ ZIITHPOZ NIKIOY Bust of the king

diad.

r.,

"T77''^ rajasa tradatasa Nihiasa). The king (or Pallas ?) helmeted, standing 1. ; holds palm over shoulder.

[PI.

XXXII. 6.]

M Wt.
TELEPHUS.

36- (Gen.

Cunningham).

BAZIAEHZ EYEPfETOY
THAE<l>OY
his

Giant (Skythes?),

body ending in three serpents;

yf"^^^
him male

Maliarajasa

holds in each hand,

hammer 1

palanakramasa Teliphasa). Helios radiate facing, clad in tunic and

chlamys, holds long sceptre
side
figure
;

be-

wrapped in mantle, wearing wreath or homed in field, mon,

[PI. XXXII. 7.]

Wt.

37- (Bodleian Library).

Mr.

Oman

having kindly procured a cast of this coin, we are enabled to

Mr. give a more accurate description of it than has hitherto appeared. BendaU suggests the reading pdlandkshamasa as a rendering of evepyhov.

AMYNTAS.
Gen. Cunningham possesses hemidrachms with the usual type of reverse, the seated Zeus ; but having on the obverse respectively, (1) bust of the
king in Macedonian causia with spear.
;

(2)

bust of the king, bare-headed, thrusting

172

SUPPLEMENT.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

HEEMAEUS.
Gen. Cunningliam has a didrachm of the usual type (Wt. 153
grs.),

with

helmeted head of the king on the obverse.

BAZIAEnZ ZnTHPoE EPMAIOY King on horseback

r.,

'Y/^.^ji^fij

galloping.

Heramayasa).
throne.

rajasa mdhatasa Zeus seated 1. on

M
BAZIAEHZ ZTHPOZ ZY EPM AIOY Bust of the king
bare.
r.,

"Wt. 31-

(Gen. Cunningham).

"TAw'^/C'
rajarajasa'(\
sa).

{Mdharajasa mdhatasa Heramayaholding wreath.

Nike
?

1. ;

[PI. XXXII. 8.]

round,

(Geii.

Cunningham).

TA........:^^ T:d"i.'^v
{Mdharajasa
raja

Uncertain device, surrounded by a circle of unascertained Chinese

characters.

{Herama

?'\yasa).

Horse

r.

1- (Sir

D. Forsyth), Num. Chron.,

276.

1879,

p.

MAUES.

BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEnN

MEFAAOY MAYOY

Biga

T-I^v^ T^"l^^"l
r

(Baja.

in which radiate figure holding sceptre or spear, and charioteer.

r.,

dirajasa mafiatasa / Moasa). Zeus seated 1. on throne thunderbolt in extended r. hand. ^

Didrachm Wt. 121-

(Bodleian

Library),

JR Hemidrachm (acquired Mus.), Wt. 27-6.

for Brit.

SUPPLEMENT.

173

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

AZES AND AZILISES.

BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEnN MEFAAOY AZOV The king

r.,

7^/^v^

Tlli'i^"! T::1"i~^

on horseback

lance couched.

(MaJiarajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). city? 1., holds in r. hand an object resembling a brazier ; in 1.,

T T**1 A 7

A
[PL xxxTi.

palm bound with

9.]

fillet.
1*'.=

Didrachm (E. Eochette, Suppl., PI. II., No. 16).

(Grotefend).

M, Hemidrachni

AZILISES.
'

Standing figure to the r. with the r. arm extended horizontally, and holding a chaplet.'
,

'

Figure in short tunic, with loose veil-like garments around the head,
&o. Arian legend, imperfect, .... jasa mahatasa Ayilishasa.'

square (Thomas's Priijsep II., 212, No. 9, Sir E. C. Bayley).

p.

VONONES AND SPALAHOEES.

BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEnN

'

MEfAAOY ONnNOY

Hercules, with club and lion's skin ; r. hand raised to the head.'

Spahora bhrata Arian legend dhramikasa Spalahorasa. Minerva to the 1., armed with shield and
:

spear

r.

arm extended.'
(Thomas's Prinsep 3, Mr. Brereton).
II., p.

M square
[Ariana Antiqua,
PI. viii. 9.]

204, No.


174
SUPPLEMENT.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse,

GONDOPHARES,
Bust of the king
tiara, diad.
1.,

wearing Arsacid

BACIAECJC BAEIAECON MErC YNAaIEPHE

AYTaKPATQ

King

seated

r.

on throne, holding sceptre ; behind, Nike crowning him.

[PI. XXXII. 10.]

M Wt.

58- (Berlin, Zeitschr.f.

p.

Num.

1879,

358).

ZEIONISES.
The king Barbarous inscr. horseback ; arm extended.
r.,

on

Inscription ending r 7S.'^2i (Jihaniaso). The king facing; on

side, Nike ; on the other, a wingless figure, crowning him.

one

[PI. XXXII. ll.J

M, Didrachm (Thomas's
XXVIII. 5).

Prinsep, PI.

AESACES DIKAIOS.

BACIA6YONTOC

WN

BACIA-

AIKAIOY
king,

APCAKOV
r. ; r.

Ariau legend {Mahurajasa rajoh rajasa mahatasa Ashshakasa tra:

The

on horseback

hand

datasa).

Type

obliterated.*

[On

raised.

another specimen, Male figure to the left, holding a small figure in his right hand].

M round
*

(Cunningham).

coin of this class has a type thus described

de MMailles, No. 8296.

Figure

militaire

(?)

by Rollin and Feuardont, Catalogue diaddmee debout, a g., tenant de la dr. une

palme, la

g. Bur

son 6pee (?).

SUPPLEMENT.

175

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

AESACES THEOS.

BACIAWC GOY
Horse
r.

CAKoY

Bow

in case

fillet-border.

[PI. XXXII. 12.]

square,

'7

(Berlin,

Z&itschr. f.

Num.,

PI. V. 2).

KADPHISES

II.

BACIACYC OOHMO KAA*!holding club seated in biga moving slowly to r.

r.,

Usual reverse; type, Siva standing

(see p. 124).

CHC

King

[PL XXXII.

13.]

N Stater (Ariana Antiqua,

PI. x. 9).

KANEEKES.

PAONANOPAO K[ANHPKI] KOPANO Bust of the king

helmeted,
clouds.

HAIOC
one

r.,

holding

spear,

above

Helios standing, radiate ; other grasping sword.

hand advanced, the

N Wt. 30-8 (Eollin and Feuardent).

v. Sallet, is

This coin, published by

noteworthy as bilingual.

PAO KA]NHPKI
standing, at altar.

The king

]roBOYAO

Buddha

seated

facing, cross-legged;

arms in pos-

ture of benediction.
[PI. XXXII. 14.]

1-

(Berlin, Zeitschr.f.

Num.

1879,

PI. IX. 1).

INDEX
TYPES.

1,

Apollo,

Head of. Euthydemus

Strato
I.,

II.,

Abdagases,

Head

of.

Abdagases,
Antialcidas,
;

41

Eucratides

165.

lor
Aegis.

Demetrius,
Head
Head
Strato, 43.

ApoUodotus
7
;

II.,

Head

of.

dotus

II., 37.

28 ; Menander, chus II., 55.

Agathocleia,
of.

49

Antima-

Apollophanes,
phanes, 54.

Head
of.

of.

ApoUo ApoUo-

Agathocleia
Agathocles,
Head
of.

Archebius,

Head

Archebius, 32.
Artemidorus,

and
10.

Artemidorus, Head of.

of.

Agathocles,

170.

Artemis,
as Herakles,

standing.

Artemidorus,
Dio7
;

Alexander

54.

Agathocles, 10.

Artemis, running with torch.

Amyntas, Head
171.

of.

Amyntas,

61,

dotus

I., 3.

Antialcidas,

Head
T.,

of.

Antialcidas,
of.

Artemis, hunting.

Demetrius,
;

Hooerkes,
170.

144

Artemidorus,

25

sqq., 166.

Antimachus
cbus
I.,

Head
of.

Antima-

Artemis, radiate.

Maues,
B.

69,

12.

Antiocbus,
164.

Head

Agathocles,
1

Apollo, standing.

Encratides,
I.,

Biga,

in

which

radiate

figure.

ApoUodotus
dotus
II.,

35
;

sq.

ApoUoI.,

Maues, 172.
Biga, in which king.

38

sq.

Strato
;

41
;

Kadphises
I.,

II.,

Dionysius, 51, 169

Hippostratus, 60 Apollo,
standing,
;

Zoilus, 53

175.

Maues, 72
elephant.

Boar's head.

Menander, 169.

and

Zoilus, 53.

Bow and quiver. Bow and arrow.

Azes, 102,

Apollo, seated.

ApoUodotus

Strato

41.

Spalirises

with

I.,

167.

A A


178
INDEX
in case.
I.

Bow

Maues,

72

Aisaces

Deity, holds spear.

Deity, with horse.

Theos, 175.

Hyrcodes, 117. Kanerkes,

130.
;

Bow-case and club.

Buddha, standing.
133.

Kanerkes,

Zoilus, 170.
130,

Deity, female, holds cornucopiae.

Kanerkes, 130, 133

-

Hooerkes,

137, 154, 156.

Buddha,

seated.

Kanerkes, 175.
;

Bull, Indian.

Heliocles,
;

medes, 31

24; DioApoUodotus I., 34,

Aitemidorus,

36 54

Epander, 51

Philoxenus,
;

57

Maues,
AzUises,

Azes, 85. Azes, 84. Demetrius, Head Demetrius, 163. Diadema. ApoUodotus 39
Demeter, standing.

Demeter?

seated.

of.

6,

II.,

69, 71

Azes, 85 sqq.
;

Dionysius, 169,

95 sqq.
Bull's head.

Zeionises,

111

sq.

Diodotus,

Head

of.

Diodotus

I.,

Uncertain, 162.

Menander, 169.
C.

Agathocles, 10; Antimachus

164.

I.,

Dionysius,

Diomedes, Dionysus, Young, Head PantaDiomedes, Head

of.

31.

Head
;

of.

^Dionysius, 51,
of.

Caduceus.
68.

Demetrius,

Maues,

leon, 9

Agathocles, 11.

Dioscuri, The, standing.

Diomedes',
Eucratides,

Caduceus and cock. Sophytes, 2. Calliope and Hermaeus, Heads of.

^

31

Azilises,

93

165.
Dioscuri, The, on horseback.
tides,

Hermaeus and Calliope, 66.

Bactrian.

Camel,

Uncert.,
57;
;

Eucra-

112;
Hippo;

13

sqq.,

165; Diomedes,
the.

Menander, 169.
City,

31.
Dioscuri,

A.

Philoxenus,
59
sq.

One

of

Eucratides,
anchor.

stratus,

Azes, 82, 90 sq.

Azes and
lises,

Azilises,

173

Azi{See

16; Azilises, 93. Dolphin. Menander, 169.

94; Uncert., 162. also Tyche )

City,

Dolphin,

twined

round

Nicias, 58.

Head of a. Andragoras, 1. City and king. Zeionises, 110. Club. Menander, 50.

E.
Elephant.

Club and bow-case. Zoilus, 170. Cock and Caduceus. Sophytes, 2.

Cornucopiae.

Theophilus, 167.
D.
9;

Heliocles,

23

sq.
;

Lysias,

29

sq.

Archebius, 33

ApoUo;

dotus

I.,

34; Zoilus, 53
;

Maues,

68 97 Aga-

Azes, 87, 90

AziUses, 95,
;

Antimachus
holds

cidas,

Dancing-girL Pantaleon,
thocles, 11.

I., 164 Antial166; Menander, 169.

Elephant
71.

wreath.
of.

Maues,
7
;

Deity,

wears

modius.

Hooerkes,

Elephant,

Head

Demetrius

153.

Menander, 50.


;
^

JYPES.

179
nones, 98 ; Spalagadames with Vonones, 99; Uncert., 119; Hermaeus and Kadphises, 120 sq. ; Kadphises 1., 122 Hooer;
kes, 138,

Enclosure, Sacred.

Agathocles,
of.

12.

Epander, Head of. Epander, 169.

Eucratides,

Head
165
I.,

Eucratides,
of.

13

sqq.,

sq.

Euthydemus
demus,

Head
sq.
;

Euthy-

I.,

Agathocles, 10.

154 ; Theophilus, 167 Vonones and Spalahores, 173.

seated.

Euthydemus IL, Head of.Euthydemus II., 8.

Herakles,

Euthydemus
;

I.,

isq.; Agathocles, 10; Agathocleia

95
ris,

and Strato, 43 Azilises, Spalagadames with Spaly-

100.

Herakles ; Nike on shoulder. Zoilus,

Female figure, between stars.

70.

Maues,
Maues,
;

170.

Herakles, bearded,
figure
;
:

Head
; ;

of

Euthy;

Eemale
71

holds

fillet.

Azes, 89.

demus I., 5 Demetrius, 7 Euthydemus II., 8 Lysias, 29

Strato
I.,

Eire-god.

Kanerkes,

130, 132 sq.

sqq., 156.

42
;

Antialcidas and

Hooerkes, 136, 150

Lysias, 166
Zoilus, 170.

Theophilus, 167

Herakles, Young,

Head

of.

^Aga-

G.
Giant. Telephus, 171.

thocles, 10.

Heraus, Head

of.

Heraus, 116.
of.

Goad, Elephant.
Gondophares,

Menander, 169. GondoHead

of.

Hermaeus, Head
sqq.,

Hermaeus,
;

62

172

Hermaeus and Kadsq.

phises,

120

Kadphises

I.,

phares, 103 sqq., 174.

122.

Gorgon-head on

aegis.

(See Aegis.)

H.
Hecate in hand of Zeus.
Heliocles,
(^See

Hermaeus and Calliope, Heads of. Hermaeus and Calliope, 66. Hermes, standing. Maues, 71 Azes, 83 sqq.

Hippostratus,

Head
sq.

of.

Hippo;

Zeus.)

stratus,

59

Head

of.

Heliocles,
Heads
of.

21

Horse.

sqq., 166.

Euthydemus I., 5 ; Euthydemus II., 8 Heliocles, 22

;

Heliocles and Laodice,

Eucratides, 19.

Menander,

60
Plato, 20.

Helios in quadriga.

72
8

48 ; Hippostratus, Hermaeus, 66, 172; Maues, Azes, 89 ; Azilises, 96 ;

1

Herakles, Young, standing. ^Demetrius,

Eucratides,

65

Arsaces Theos,

Euthydemus
29
s^.
sq.
;

II.,

175.

Lysias,

Zoilus,
;

52
Azi-

Horse, Forepart

of.

Hyrcodes,

118.

Maues, 69
lises,

Azes, 89

Hyrcodes, Head
sq.

of.

Hyrcodes,

117

96

Spalahores with Vo-

180

INDEX

I.

K
Kadaphes, Head
Kadphises
II.,
of.

King between Nike and

another.

Kadaphes, 123.
Kanerkes, 132.
96
;

Zeionises, 174.

King, half length.

Kadphises
132,

II.,

Head of.Kadphiof.

124;
King, Head
2
;

Kanerkes,
helmeted.

175;

ses II., 126.

Hooerkes, 136 sqq.

of,

Kanerkes, Head

King, standing.
rises,

Sophytes,
sqq.,

Azilises,

Spali-

Eucratides,

14

165

101; Spalirises with Azes, 102; Kadphises II., 126 sq. ; Kanerkes, 129 sqq., 175 ; Bazodeo, 159 sq.
;

Plato
Lysias,

20;
29
;

Antialcidas,

26
31

Diomedes,
;

Archebius,

32

Strato

I.,

40
Phi61
;

Nicias, 171.

Agathocleia, 43; Menander, 44

sq.
;

King, seated,
sq.
;

Maues,

71

Azes, 83

Apollophanes,

54

Gondophares, 104; Sana-

loxenus,

56

AmjTitas,
;

bares,

113; Kadaphes, 123, Kadphises II., 124 sqq. ; Hoo138,

Hermaeus,
kes,

63

Soter,
;

116

Kad^jhises II., 124 sqq:

Kaner;

erkes,

145

Hooerkes,

132

Hooerkes, 136 sqq.

156.

Heliocles, 166.

King on horseback.

^Antimachus
;

II.,

Ki9g,

Head
;

of,

in
;

causia,

Anti-

55; Philoxenus, 56, 171; NiHippostratus, 59 sq. ; cias, 58 Hermaeus, 172 Hermaeus and
;

machus I., 12 Antialcidas, 25 sq. Amyntas, 171.

King, Head
King, Head
of,

in elephant's skin.
6,

Calliope,

66

Maues,

68
;

sq.

Demetrius,
of,

163

Lysias, 29.

Azes, 73

sqq.,

88

sqq.

Azes
93

in tiara.

Sanabanjs,

and Azilises, 92, 173 ;

sqq.
;

Azilises,

113

Gondophares, 174.
of,

Spalahores with Vonones,

King, Bust
bius,

thrusting with spear.

18, 165; ArcheMenander, 46 sq.,

98; Spalagadames with Vonones,

Eucratides,
32
;

99
ris,

Spalagadames with

Spalj'-

100;

Spalirises,

lirises

with Azes, 102

phares, 103 sqq.;

sq.
;

100; SpaGondo; Abdagases, 107

174

168; Philoxenus, 171;

tas,

Amyn-

171.

Zeionises, 110; XJncert., Ill;

;

L.

Soter, 114 sqq.

Zeionises,

Arsaces Dikaios, 174.

King on
153

elephant.
sq.

Hooerkes, 137

Lakshmi, beside
;

lion.
of.

Azes, 85.
{See Heliocles
;

Laodice,

Head

King on camel. Azes, 88. King in biga. Kadphises II., 175. King crowned by Nike. Gondophares, 174.

and Laodice.)
Lion.

Azes,

85 sqq

Azilises,

97

Zeionises,

111;

Uncert., Ill,

119.

Lion, Maneless.
thocles,

Pantaleon, 9
;

Aga-

King on horseback, crowned by Nike. Heraiis, 116. King and City. Zeionises, 110,

11

ISIenanderj

50

Maue.s, 69.
Lysias,

Head

of.

Lysias,

29.

181

M
Maenad,
between
vines.

0.

Maues,

Orthagnes, 109.

70 ; Azes, 89. Mahasena. Hooerkes, 138, 150. Mahasena Skanda and Visaliha.

Owl. Archebius, 32
49, 168.

sq.

Menander,

Ox, Head

of.

Menander, 49.

Hooerkes, 150.

Male figure holds

97.

sceptre.

Azilises,

Male

figure

holds club and trident.

;

Maues, 71
;

Azes, 89.

Male head in Phrygian cap. AmynHermaeus, 66. tas, 61 Menander, Head of. Menander, 44

Pacores,
Pallas,

Head

of.

Pacores,
;

110.
1
;

standing.

Andragoras,
with

Menander, 50
Maues, 69
;

Amyntas, 61
;

Azes, 78 sqq., 91

sqq.,

168.

Moon-god.

Kanerkes,

Spalahores with Vonones, 98

129, 131,

Spalagadames
99
;

Vonones,
;

133
156.

sq.;

Hooerkes, 139, 154,

Gondophares, 103

Hooer-

Moon-god and sun-god.

141.

Hooerkes,

kes,

149;

Demetrius,

163;

Mcias, 171; Vonones and Spalahores, 173.

Pallas, thundering.

Apollodotus
40
;

IT.,

37;

Strato

I.,

N.
^'anaia.
sq.

Strato II., 168

sqq.,

168; Menander, 44
sq.
;

168

Dionysius,

51

Kanerkes,
;

129,

131,
sqf/.,

134
158

Zoilus,

52

Apollophanes, 54
;

Hooerkes, 144

Bazodeo, 159.

Amyntas, 61 Eanjabala, 67 Azes, 78 ; Gondophares, 103

Epander, 169.
Pallas,

Head of.Nicias, 58, 171. AUke. Eucratides, 18, 166 ArcheNicias,

;

seated. - Hippostratus,

60

bius, 32; Stratol.,

42; Menan;

Demetrius, 163.
Pallas,

der,

48

Epander, 51
XL,

Anti-

Head

of.

Menander,
50, 169.

48

sq.,

machus
57
;

55;

Philoxenus,
;

168.

Hermaeus, 65, 172

sqq.
;

Maues,

Palm.

68

Azes,
sq.
;

83

GondoPacores,

Palm and wreath.

Antimachus

Menander,
pilei.

Antialcidas, 28
55.

phares,

104

Abdagases,
;

II.,

107 110
147

Orthagnes, 109
Sanabares, 113
;

Palms and
Pantaleon,
164.

{See Pilei.)
of.

Hooerkes,

Head

Pautaleon,
;

Antemidorus, 170.
prow.

Nike

on
164.

Antimachus
1.

I.,

Andragoras, 96. Nike, wingless.

Ifike in quadriga.
Azilises,

Pantaleon, 9 Agathocles, Philoxenus, Head Philoxenus,

Panther.
11.
of.

56, 171.


182
Pilei of Dioscuri

INDEX

I.

and palms.

Eucra-

Sophytes,
Soter,

tides, 15, 18,

27

sy.

165; Antialcidas, Antialcidas and Lysias,

20.
I.,

Strato

Head of. Sophytes, 2. Head of. Soter, 114 sqq. Strato I., 40 sq., I., Head of.

1&6; Archebius, 167.

Plato,

168.
Strato II.,

Head of. Plato,

;

Head of. Strato II.,

168.

Poseidon, standing. Antimachus

12

Azes, 77.

Sun-god, standing. Philoxenus, 57

Stupa, Buddhist.
^Agathocles, 12.

Poseidon

and
;

Eiver-god.

Maues,

Kanerkes, 129, 131, 134,175;

70

sq.

Azes, 89.

Hooerkes, 136, 141, 155, 157.

Sun-god and moon-god.

141.

Q.

Sun-god and another

figure.

Hooerkes, Tele105.

Quadriga of Helios.

Quadriga driven by Nike.

goras, 1.

Plato, Andra20.
I.,

phus, 171.

Symbol

ij.

Gondophares,

Quiver and bow.

Strato
R.

41.

Theophilus,
67.

Head

of.

Theophilus,
Demetrius,

Ranjabala,

Head of.Ranjabala,

167.

Eiver-god under foot of Poseidon.

{See Poseidon.)

Thunderbolt,
163.
Trident.

winged.

Demetrius,

7.

Trident and battle-axe in one.

_

KadII.,

phises II., 126.

Sanabares,
Sarapis.

Head

of.

Hooerkes, 149.

Sanabares, 113.

Tripod-lebes.

Euthydemus
I.,

Apollodntus

35

sq.,

167
I.,

Siva,

Gondophares, two armed. 104; Kadphises II., 125; Kanerkes, 135; Hooerkes, 155;
Bazodeo, 159.

ApoUodotus
41
51
;

II.,

38

sq.;
;

Strato

Menander, 49
Zoilus,

Dionysius,

53

Hippostratus,

60
bull.

Maues, 72.

Siva,

two armed, with

Bazodeo, 159 sqq.

Kad175;
132,

Triton.

Hippostratus, 60.
68,

phises II., 124, 126 sq.,

Tyche.Maues,

70

sq.

Siva, four armed.

Kanerkes,

135; Hooerkes, 147, 155, 158.

Skanda.

Skanda

Hooerkes, 138. and Visakha. Hooerkes,

Visakha
149.

and

Skanda.

Hooerkes,.

149.

Skanda Visakha and Mahascna.

Hooerkes, 150.

Visakha Skanda and Mahasena.

Hooerkes, 150.

TYPES.

183
Agathocles, 10,

W.
"War-god.

164

Antima-

Kanerkes, 132 HooerWarrior, Arsaces Dikaios, 174. "Wheel. Menander, "Wind-god. Kanerkes, "Wreath and palm. 28
;

chus

I.,

164
:

Archebius, 32.

Zeus, standing

holding Hecate.

kes, 138, 148.

Agathocles, 10.

standing.

Zeus, seated.
tas,

Agathocles, 10; Amyn171

; ;

61,

Hermaeus,

62

50.

sqq.,

172

Spalirises,

101

135.

Heliocles, 166.

Antialcidas,

Zeus, seated,

with Thunderbolt.

Antimachus

II., 55.

Maues, 70, 172.

Zeus, seated, and elephant.
tides,

Eucra;

19

Antialcidas, 25 sq.

Maues, 70.
Zeus, standing.

Heliocles, 21 sqq.

Zeus, seated: holds

taloon, 164.

Hecate.

Pan1
;

Manes, 68

Azes, 73 sqq., 83

Azes and

Azilises,

92

AziUses,

Zeus,

Head

of,

diad.

Andragoras,
Diodotus

93
98

Spalahores with Vonones,

Archebius, 167.
Zeus,
3

Spalagadames
;

with

Vo100

Head
;

of,

laur.

I.,

nones,

99 Gondophares, 103, 106

Spalirises,
;

AbdaI.,

Euthydemus I., 5. Zeus, Head of thundering.

cidas,

Antial-

gases,

107

sq.

Soter, 114, 116.

27

sq.

Zeus,

thundering.

Diodotus

Zoilus,

Head of. ZoUus,

52, 170.

INDEX

II.

KINGS, TYRANTS,

&c.

D.
AbJagases, 107.
Agathocles, 10, 164.

Demetrius,

6, 163.

Diodotus

I., 3.

Agathocleia with Strato, 43.

Diomedes, 31.
Dionysius, 51, 169.

Amyntas, 61, 171.

Andragoras,
1.

AntialciJas, 25, 166.

E.

Antialcidas and Lysias, 166,

Antimaohus I., 12, 164. Antimachus XL, 55.

Apollodotus
I.,

Epander, 51, 169.

Eucratides, 13, 165.

34, 167.

Eucratides with Heliocles and Laodice, 19.

ApoUodotus II., 37. ApoUophanes, 54.

Archebius, 32, 167.

Euthydemus Euthydemus

I., 4.

II., 8.

Arsaces Dikaios, 174. Arsaces Theos, 175.

G.

Artemidoms, 54, 170.

Azes, 73.

Gondophares, 103, 174.

Azilises, 92, 173.

Azes and Azes and

Spalirises, 102.

H.
Heliocles, 21, 166.

AziUses, 93, 173.

Heliocles and Laodice with Eucra-

B.

tides, 19.

Bazodeo (Vasu Deva), 159,

Heraiis, 116.

C. Calliope and Hermaeus, 66.

Hermaeus, 62, 172. Hermaeus and Calliope, 66. Hermaeus and Kadphises I., 120.
Hippostratus, 59.

KINGS, TYRANTS, &C.

185-

Hooerkes, 136. Hyrcodes, 117.

Philoxenus, 56, 171.

Plato, 20.

K.
Kadaphes, 123. Kadphises I., 122. Kadphises
I. and Hermaeus, 120. Kadphisos I L, 124, 175. Kanerkes, 129, 175.

R.

Eanjabala, 67.

S.

Sanabares, 113.

Sophy tes,

2.

Soter Megas, 114.

Spalagadames with Spalyris, 100.

Laodice with Heliocles and Eucratides, 19.

Spalagadames with Vonones,

Spalirises, 100.

99.

Spalahores with Vonones, 98, 173.

Lysias, 29.
Spalirises

Lysias and Antialcidas, 166.

with Azes, 102.

StratoL, 40, 168.

Strato
I.

and Agathocleia,

43.

M.
Maues, 68, 172. Menander, 44, 168.

Strato II., 168.

T.

Telephus, 171.

N.
Mcias, 58, 171.

Theophilus, 167.

V.

Vasu Deva (Bazodeo), 159.

0.

Vonones and Spalagadames,

99.

Orthagnes, 109.

Vonones and Spalahores,

98, 173.

Pacoies, 110.

"sZeionises, 110, 174.

Pantaleon,

9,

164.

Zoilus, 62, 170.

B 3

INDEX

III.

TITLES OF KINGS.

A.

GEEEK.

AAEAt>IAEnZ AbJagases, 108. AAEA<|)OY TOY BAZIAEflZ

Spalyris, 100.

ANIKHTOY

Lysias, 29, 166; Artemidorus, 54,

170; Philpxenus, 56;

Demetrius, 163.

AYTOKPATO[

Gondophares, 174.

BAZIAEYONTOZ Agathocles, 10; BAZIAEYONTOZ BAZIAEHN

174.

Soter, 114.

Abdagases, 107

Arsaces Dikaios,

BAZIAEnZ AAEA<t>OY Spalirises, 100. BAZIAEHZ BAZIAEXIN Gondophares, BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEilN MEfAAOY
173;
126.
Azilises,

104; Kanerkes, 129.

Maues, 68, 172 ; Azes, 73, 92; Vononcs, 98, 173; Spalirises, 101; Gondophares,
II.,

103, 174; Orthagnes, 109; Pacores, 110; Soter, 114; Kadphises

BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY
Hippostratus,

Eucratides, 14, 165

ApoUodotus XL, 37
;

59

Azes,

90

Spalirises,

102

Gondophares, 105

Sanabares, 113.

AIKAIOY
Strato
philus,

Agathocles, 10, 164; Heliocles, 21, 166; Archcbins, 32, 167;

I.,

41

Menander, 50

Zoihis, 52,

170

Spalyris,

100; Theo-

167; Arsaces, 174.

Eni<t>ANOYZ

Plato,

20; Strato

I.,

40, 16S.

EYEPrETOY

Telcphus, 171.

TITLES OF KINGS.

187

OEOTPonoY Agathocloia, 43. OEOY Eiithydemus 10; Antimachus

I.,

I.,

12,

164; Gondophares, 103;

Arsaces, 175.

N KATO POZ
I

Amyntas,

Antiochus of Syria, 164.

;

NIKH<t)OPoY
169
;

Antialcidas, 25, 166

II.,

ArchelDiiis, 32,

167

Epander, 51,

Antimachus

55.

ZAKA KOIPANOY (KOPPANOY) ZATPAnoY Zeionises, 110.

ZflTHPOZ
sius,

Heraiis, 116.

Diodotus, 10, 164

II.,

ApoUodotiis
51
;

37; Strato L, 40, 168

;

Diomedes, 31 ; Apollodotus I., 34, 167 Menander, 44, 168; Diony;

;

Zoilus, 52

Apollophanes, 54
;

Nicias, 58, 171

;

Hippostra;

tus,

59

Hermaeus, 62, 172

Eanjabala, 67

Gondophares, 105
II.,

Ab-

dagases, 107; Soter,

114; Kadphises IL, 126; Strato

168.

TYPANNOYNTOZ
YlOY
Zeionises, 111
;

Heraiis, 116.

Strato

II.,

168.

<|)IAonATOPOZ

Apollodotus

II., 37.

B.

SCYTHIC,

IlSr

GEEEK LETTERS.

ZAOOY Kadaphes, 123. KOPANO Kanerkes, 130;

PAO
Kanerkes, 130, 175
;

Hooerkes, 136.

Hooerkes, 136.

PAONANO Kanerkes, 130, 175; Hooerkes, 136. ZY Hemiaeus, 120, 172; Kadaphes, 123. XOPAN (KOPON, &o.) Kadphises I, 122; Kadaphes,
C.

123.

INDIAN TITLES AND WORDS.

Apadihatasa, Lysias, 29; Artemidorus, 54, 170; Philoxenus, 56.

Aparajitasa, Demetrius, 163.

Apratihatasa, Gondophares, 105.

Apratihatachakrasa, Ranjabala, 67.

Igg
Bhradaputrasa, Abdagases, 107.
Bhrata, Spalahores, 173.

INDEX

III.

Qia, Strato

II.,

168.

Chhatrapasa, Eanjabala, 67; Zeionises, 110.

Devatratatasa (Devahadasa), Gondophares, 103.

Dhramathidasa, KadpHses

I.,

120.

Strato I., Dliramikasa (Dhramiasa), Heliocles, 23 ; Archebius, 32, 167 ; Spalahores, 98, 173 Menander, 50 ; Zoilus, 52, 170 ; Azes, 90 ; 41 Theophilus, Gondophares, 105; Spalagadames, 99; Spalirises, 100;
;

167.

Hiduja Same, Agathocles, 12.

Jayadharasa, Antialcidas, 25, 166; Archebius, 32, 167; Epander, 51, 169;

Antimachus

II.,

5?; Amyntas, 61.

Jayamtasa (Jayatasa), Hippostratus, 55; Aspavarma, 91.

Karifiye nagara devata, Eucratides, 19.

Kujula (Kuyula), Kadphises

I.,

120
I.,

Kadaphes, 123.

Kushana (Khushana), Kadphises

Mahachhatrapasa, Eanjabala, 67.

120

Kadaphes, 123.

Maharajasa, Passim after Eucratides.

Maharajabhrata (Maharajabhraha), Spalahores, 98

Spalirises, 100.

Mahatasa (Mahatakaaa), Hippostratus, 59; Maues, 68, 172; Azes, 73, 102,
Gondophares, 103; Orthagnos, Azilises, 93, 173; Spalirises, 101 109; Pacores, 110; Soter, 114; Eucratides, 165; Hcrmaeus, 172;

173;

Arsaces, 174.

Mahisvarasa, Kadphises

II., 124.

Palanakramasa, Telephus, 171.

Pratichhasa, Strato
I.,

40, 168.
;

Putrasa, Aspavarma, 91

Spalagadames, 99; Zeionises, 110; Strato

II.,

168.

Eajadirajasa, Maues, 68,

172; Azes, 77;

Azilises,

Orthagnes, 109; Pacores, 110; Soter, 114; Kadphises

cratides, 166.

93; Gondophares, 103; II., 124; Eu-

TITLES OP KINGS.

189
Strato II.,

Riijarajasa, Azes, 73,

173

Azilises, 94,

173

Goiidopliarcs, 104

168

Arsaces Dikaios, 174.

Rajine, Pantaleon, 9; Agathocles, 11.

Sachhadhramat.hidasa, Kadaphes, 123.

Sagaba, Orthagiies, 109.

Sampriyapita, Strato
II.,

168.
II.,

Sarvaloga isvarasa, Kadphises

Sasasa, Gondophares, 106.
Strategasa, Aspavarma, 91.

124.

Tradatasa, Diomedes, 31
S^trato II.,

Apollodotus I., 34, 167 ; Strato I., 40, 168 ; Menander, 44, 168; Dionysius, 51, 169 Zoilus, 52 Apolloplians, 54 ; Mcias, 58, 171 Hippostratus, 59 ; Hermaeus, 62
37
;
; ;

y
;

Gondophares, 103; Abdagascs, 107; Soter, 114; Kadphises Arsaces Dikaios, 174.

II.,

124:

Vrishabha, Uncert., 162.

Yavugasa (Yauasa), Kadphises L, 120; Kadaphes, 123.

INDEX

IV

EEMARKABLE INSCRIPTIONS AND LEGENDS.

AOPO, AOOPO
MEIPO, MIlPO, MIOPO Kanerkes,

Kanerkes, 130,

132; Hooerkes, 136, 153, 156.

131,

134;

Hooerkes,

AAEHANAPOY TOY <l)IAinnoY Agathocles, 10.

ANTIOXOY NIKATOPOZ
Agathocles, 164.

138, 141, 144, 155, 157.

NANA, NANAPAO
Bazodeo, 159.

Kanerkes,

131, 134; Hooerkes, 144, 158;

APAEIXPO

Hooerkes, 136.

NANAIA
;

Uncert. king, 119

Ka-

APAHOPOY
APAOXPO

Hyrcodes, 117.

nerkes, 129.

Kanerkes, 130, 133

Hooerkes, 137, 154, 156.

BIZAro Hooerkes, 149. BOAAO, BOYAO Kanerkes,

175.

OAAO Kanerkes, 135. OANINAA Hooerkes, 147. OAYO BOY ZAKAMA Kanerkes, 133.

130,

OKPO, OKPA
Aga164.

Kanerkes, 132, 135;

;

AIOAOTOY SIITHPOZ
thocles, 10;

Hooerkes, 147, 155, 158

deo, 159.

Bazo-

Antimachns

I.,

AOXPO

Hooerkes, 138.

ONI A?
Agatho-

Hooerkes, 144.

EYOYAHMOY OEOY
cles, 10.

OPAAPNO PAOPHOPO
PIOM
1

Kanerkes, 132.
Hooerkes, 148.

HAIOZ

Kanerkes, 129, 175.

Hooerkes,

Hooerkes, 149.

HPAKIAO, HPAKAO
138, 154.

ZAAHNH
ZAPAriO
149.

Kanerkes, 129.
Hooerkes, 149. Hooerkes,

APOOAZno

Kanerkes, 130.
Hooerkes, 138, 150.

MAAZHNO

ZKANAO KOMAPO

MAKAPOY Hyrkodes, 117. TAYPOZ Uncert., 162. MANAoBAro Hooerkes, 139. <l>APPO, <|>APO Kanerkes, Hooerkes, 150. MAO Kanerkes, 131, 133; Hooerkes, 139, 154, 156.

132;

iiPON

Hooerkes, 153.

191

TABLE
roB

CONVERTING ENGLISH INCHES INTO MILLIMIITRES

AND THE

MEASURES OF MIONNET'S SCALE.

English Inches
4-

French Millimetres
lao,

3-S

MionnetS Scale
is

SO
75

-182-S

70

-J7-IC-

65 GO 65 0

-M-14-

1-5

-13-12-11ID-

40 ss 30
Z5

-7-

9SG-

-.

siaa1-

20
15
10

192

TABLE
OP

The Kblativb Weights op English Grains and French Grammes.

Grains.

193

ABLE

The Eblative Weights of English Grains and Feench Grammes.

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