There are various units from which water is wasted.

Some of them are: Cooking/blanching Washing Imbibition Sanitation

To solve this problem many industries uses Effulent treatment plant (ETP). EFFULENT TREATMENT PLANT This water plant is used in various industries like Hershey where they produce Real Juice. The ETP plant has following section: Collection tank Oil Separator tank Equalization tank Aeration tank Secondary clarifier

COLLECTION TANK The waste water from all source i.e. production unit, domestic source, floor washing etc. are entered through the fine screen bars. The fine screen bars are used to prevent solid particles as of sugarcane fibers because the waste water is organic in nature. This process is called screening of waste water. From sump two pumps are fitted which allows the waste water to enter the next stage. OIL SEPERATION TANK Here oil and grease from the waste water is removed. It is a chambered tank. It has a retention time of approximately 1 hours. It is designed in such a way that two horizontal pipe continuously moving and grease into a tank connected to oil separator. During the retention time the sludge settled is directed to sludge drying bed through the opening. After removal of oil and grease the waste water enters the equalization tank. EQUALIZATION TANK This tank has the volume of 107m3 and the retention time of 7.2 hours. The main purpose of this tank is to maintain the pH of waste water neutral since it has undergo biological treatment for proper growth of microorganism, pH is adjusted by acid such as H2SO4 or by base like caustic soda. In this tank aeration is also done to avoid putrefaction. A pH meter and a dosing tank is attached which continuously which check and dose the waste water. AERATION TANK

The volume of this tank is 567m3 and the retention time is 37.8 minute. Aeration is provided to the waste water by two surfaces as well as diffused aeration. Surface aerator is provided to aeration tank of 20 HP each and diffused aeration is by blower of 5 and 10 HP. After aeration the waste water enters the secondary clarifier, and the activated sludge from here is returned to the reactor. SECONDRY CLARIFIER The volume the secondary clarifier is 500 m3. Retention time is 6 hours the activated sludge coming out from the center settled down in the bottom of the clarifier. The sludge is continuously re-circulated in the aeration tank. If the MLSS of aeration tank is found to be more than that of 4000mg/liter then excess sludge is drain out through the sludge pump in to the sludge drying bed. The clear water through the weirs is collected in the treated effluent wells, this treated effluent is then used for gardening and forestry. Currently a sand filter and activated carbon filter is plan to us. The treated effluent for steam generation, for production process by passing the clear water through the sand filter first and then trough the activated carbon filter for the removal of organic matter and then through softener for removing hardness and finally to boiler. This water is also used for cooling purpose. SAND FILTER It is multi grated consisting of various size and sand at the upper most layers. When water is allowed to pass through this media, it removes all the suspended impurities of water. ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER It is also a multi grated system, but in this filter carbon is also used with sand. Activated carbon is any kind of peat, wood, coconut, jute etc. when burned in un-oxygenated environment gives activated carbon. It also removed un-dissolved impurities as well as color, odor present in the water. SLUDGE DRYING BED Drying bed is made up of several layers. The first layer is of sand particles of 0.3-0.75 mm size with thickness of layer of 225 mm. The second layer is of gravel particles with the 12-13 mm size having 150 mm the third layer is also gravel particle but with 30-50 mm size having 150 mm thickness. The last layer is of 150 mm of stone with open jointer ripe. The sludge entering the dry bed passes through the various layers filters and the water present in the sludge is collected in to the inspection chamber through the open ware stoned ripe and it is recalculated to the oil separated tank. The dried sludge is utilized for agriculture.

REGENERATOR It is mainly uses in sterilizing step. In this unit heating and cooling is done through single unit, where product to product cooling takes place. Since after blanching we are left with hot steam/water we can use that in various steps which needs heat.

REFERENCE Plant Process- HERSHEY India PVT. Limited