THEME FOUR

THREATS AND RESPONSES

PART TWO

THE REIGN OF SULTAN ABDUL MOMIN

1852 – 1885

 HE WAS THE GRANDSON OF SOAS I.

HIS FAMILY  HE WAS THE SON-IN-LAW OF SOAS II.

 HE WAS THE SON OF PENGIRAN SHAHBANDAR PENGIRAN

ABDUL WAHAB.

 HE WAS THE 24TH SULTAN OF BRUNEI.

HIS POSITION

 HE SUCCEEDED SOAS II.

 HE WAS A WISE, JUST AND PIOUS KING.

HIS
CONTRIBUTIO
NS  HE REPAIRED THE RIFT IN THE ROYAL FAMILIIES WITH
ARRANGED MARRIAGES.

 HE DIED A CENTURIAN.
HIS DEATH

 HE WAS SUCCEEDED BY THE SON OF SOAS II, SULTAN

HASHIM.

1
 TERRITORIES LOST TO THE BROOKES
IN SARAWAK

AIM TO ENSURE JAMES BROOKE’S POSITION AS THE RAJAH OF

SARAWAK.

1853  24th August 1853: James Brookes signed a new treaty with SOAS
II to strengthen his control on Sarawak.

 He also obtained Batang Lupar.

1855  He obtained 7 districts

 Stretching from Samarahan to Rajang.

1861  He obtained territories stretching from Rajang to Bintulu.

 Including Mukah and Oya.

1863  He left England.

 He died in 1868.

 He was replaced by his nephew, Charles A. Brooke.

1882  Charles Brooke inherited a territory stretching from Tanjung

Datu to Tanjung Kerudong.

1883  Charles Brooke obtained more territories stretching from

Tanjung Kerudong to Baram.

 He had to pay $3, 000 per year to the Sultan.

1884  Charles Brooke obtained districts from Tanjung Puan to Terusan

River.

SULTAN ABDUL MOMIN WAS UNABLE TO STOP THE EXPANSIONIST

POLICY OF THE BROOKES

2
 TERRITORIES LOST TO THE BRITISH NORTH
BORNEO COMPANY
IN SABAH

 He was appointed as the American Consul General in

Brunei.

 Obtained territories from Sultan Abdul Momin:

- 21 districts

- From Sulaman River to Paitan River.

1 C.L
MOSES  Leased territories from Pengiran Temenggong Pengiran
Anak Hashim:

- From Paitan River to Kimanis.

 Left for Hong Kong

- Set up the American Trading Company.

Gave his territorial rights in Brunei to W.J. Torrey.

2 W.J.TOR Sold his territorial rights to Baron Von Overbeck.

REY

 He was the Austrian Consul-General in Hong Kong when

he bought W.J.Torrey’s rights.
3 BARON
VON  He formed the Dent Company with Alfred Dent.
OVERBE
CK  1877: He negotiated a new lease with Sultan Abdul
Momin.

 BUT he faced financial problems.

 SO he sold his territorial rights in Brunei to Alfred Dent.

4 ALFRED  Set up the British North Borneo Company (BNBC).

DENT  1881: Obtained a royal charter for BNBC.

 The Governor of North Borneo was William Hood Treacher.

3
4
 THE AMANAT
1885

 It was an agreement made by the SULTAN, WAZIRS,

MANTERIS, and TULIN LAND RIGHT HOLDERS.
AIMS
 NOT TO CEDE OR LEASE ANY TERRITORIES TO
FOREIGN POWERS.

Save Brunei’s sovereignty.

Save Brunei from extinction.

Prevent loss of Brunei’s remaining territories.

REASONS 4. Prevent any more ceding or leasing of Brunei’s remaining

territories to foreign powers.

5. Because the British government did not seem to support

or protect Brunei.

 It was NOT effective in preventing the loss of Brunei’s

territories.
EFFECTIVEN
ESS  E.g. Limbang was seized by Charles Brooke in 1890.

1. Brunei did NOT have any military power/strength to

enforce the Amanat.
REASONS
WHY THE 2. The British did NOT take the Amanat seriously.
AMANAT
3. Brunei kept losing more territories to foreign powers.
FAILED

1. Brunei lost some more lands to the Brookes and the

BNBC.
PROOF THE
AMANAT 2. Brunei was divided into TWO groups of small territories
WAS A with no link to each other.
FAILURE