Fluid statics II

CHEE 3363
Spring 2014
Handout 6

Reading: Fox 3.5

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Learning objectives for lecture
1. Calculate the force on a submerged surface.
2. Calculate the moment on a submerged surface about a given
point.
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Hydrostatic force on submerged surfaces 1

Pressure on an infnitesimal area:

h
dF
Recall: in a static fuid, no shear stresses; all
forces normal to the surface
In the geometry given:
y
Hydrostatics (constant density, positive h downward):
Hydrostatic force on submerged surfaces 2

h
dF
y
Evaluate resultant force F
R
:
Hydrostatic force on submerged surfaces 3

h
dF
y
To calculate the location (x, y) at which the force F
R
acts:
In mathematical terms:
Practically, to calculate y, calculate the frst moment due
to the distributed pressure force and the resultant force:
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h = y sin , H = Lsin
Hydrostatic force on submerged surface
Hydrostatic pressure:
H












y

Inclined Plate,
width w
O
h
x
Force due to weight of fuid on inclined plane:
Moment (torque) about the point O:
Direction:
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Example: force on a submerged plate 1
Force on the surface of a plate which is submerged
a distance h
0
below the surface of the fuid:
Hydrostatic pressure:
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x









y

Inclined Plate,
width w. length L
O
h
h
0
A
B

Moment on submerged plate about point A

Moment about point A of a plate which is submerged
a distance h
0
below the surface of the fuid:
Hydrostatic pressure:
Moment due to weight of fuid on inclined plate:
8
x









y

Inclined Plate,
width w. length L
O
h
h
0
A
B

Moment on submerged plate about point A

9
x









y

Inclined Plate,
width w. length L
O
h
h
0
A
B

Moment on submerged plate about point B

x









y

Inclined Plate,
width w. length L
O
h
h
0
A
B

Moment about point B of a plate which is submerged

a distance h
0
below the surface of the fuid:
Hydrostatic pressure:
Moment due to weight of fuid on inclined plate:
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Moment on submerged plate about point B
x









y

Inclined Plate,
width w. length L
O
h
h
0
A
B

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Forces on curved planes 1
Magnitude of force in an arbitrary direction l:
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Forces on curved planes 2
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Special cases:
Horizontal force:
Vertical force:
Example: force on a curved gate 1
Determine the force of water acting on the
gate, and the line of action

R
H

y
x
Force F
R
on gate:
Hydrostatic pressure:
x-component of force F
R,x
on gate:
Example: force on a curved gate 2
R
H

y
x
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y-component of force F
R,y
on gate:
Magnitude of force F
R
:
Example: force on a curved gate 3
R
H

y
x
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Line of action:
Note:
Generically:
Example: force on triangular gate 1
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Given: Triangular access port to liquid concrete
with density .
Find: resultant force and point of application.
Basic equations:
Evaluate F
R
:


































































Example: force on triangular gate 2
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Given: Triangular access port to liquid concrete
with density .
Find: resultant force and point of application.
Evaluate yF
R
:
Example: cylindrical weir 1
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Given: Cylindrical weir of diameter D and length L
(= 4 m) separates two fuids: SG
1
with height h
1
and
SG
2
with height h
2
.
Find: magnitude and direction of force on weir from fuids.
Basic equations:
F
R,x
and F
R,y
:
Example: cylindrical weir 2
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Given: Cylindrical weir of diameter D and length L
(= 4 m) separates two fuids: SG
1
with height h
1
and
SG
2
with height h
2
.
Find: magnitude and direction of force on weir from fuids.
Evaluate pressures on each side as a function of :
Final integrals for F
R,x
and F
R,y
:
Summary: forces on submerged surfaces
F =

A
pdA
F
n
= n F =

A
p dA
n
dA
n
= ndA
Formula for the force on a submerged surface:
Component of the force in the direction n:
To calculate the location (x,y) of the force on a submerged
surface:
y

=
y

F
F
=

A
yp dA

A
p dA
(etc)
Important point for fuid statics: the sum of moments (torques) must be = 0:

M
0
= 0, M
0
=

A
RpdA
R = distance to axis of rotation
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