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Code No: RR322101

Set No. 1

III B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006 AIRCRAFT STABILITY AND CONTROL (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. Establish that the terms static and dynamic stabilities are associated with an airplane. Is the stability part of the airplane design and operation? Does the pilot apply control in this respect? Please illustrate. [16] 2. The geometrical and aerodynamic characteristics of a glider are given as follows; Wing AR=8(NACA 23012, a0 = 0.104,0L = -1.2 ),Hor.Tail AR = 4 (NACA d 0009.a0 = 0.110), Tail volume ratio V =0.6 ,rate of change of down wash d = 0.5,tail eciency t = 0.9,Aerodynamic centre at 0.24c ,
dCm dCL

area ratio Se /St =0.35 .Calculate the Stick xed neutral point.As shown in gure1 [16]

F us

= 0.083,Elevator

Figure 1: 3. Describe the occurrence of hinge moments on the horizontal tail from the pressure distribution due to angle of attack and the deections e and t from elevator and tab. Hence dene the terms oating tendency and restoring tendency. Describe ways and means to alleviate or control these hinge moments. [16] 4. The geometrical and aerodynamic characteristics of a glider are given as follows; Wing AR=8(NACA 23012, a0 = 0.104,0L = -1.2 ),Hor.Tail AR = 4 (NACA 0009. d = a0 = 0.110 per degree), Tail volume ratio V =0.6 ,rate of change of down wash d 0.5,tail eciency t = 0.9 ,Aerodynamic centre at 0.24c, 1 of 2
dCm dCL F us

= 0.08,Elevator

Code No: RR322101

Set No. 1

area ratio Se /St =0.35, oating tendency Ch = 0.003 , restoring tendencyCh = 0.0055, Residual hinge moments Ch0 = 0 . Calculate the Stick free neutral point, N0 . [16] 5. An airplane rolls under the action of ailerons. Prove that an unavoidable yawing moments sets in with immediate eect. Make use of sketches and plots to elaborate your answer. [16] 6. Prove that an expression for rudder force can be obtained as FR = k 1 with usual notations.
ds d Chr r

qt br cr2

[16]

7. Dene the term longitudinal dynamic stability of airplane. Explain if an airplane when possessing static longitudinal stability will as well be dynamically stable. Make use of the stability quartic equation and sketches accompanied by plots illustrating typical modes of motion in support of your answer. [16] 8. Describe the on-set of the phenomenon of spinning of an airplane. Describe the balance of forces and moments during the spinning. How can the recovery from spin be aected? [16]

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Code No: RR322101

Set No. 2

III B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006 AIRCRAFT STABILITY AND CONTROL (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. It is well known that the terms static and dynamic stabilities are associated with an airplane. Is the stability part of the airplane design and operation? Does the pilot apply control in this respect? Please illustrate. [16] 2. The geometrical and aerodynamic characteristics of a glider are given as follows; Wing AR=8(NACA 23012, a0 = 0.104,0L = -1.2 ),Hor.Tail AR = 4 (NACA d 0009.a0 = 0.110), Tail volume ratio V =0.6 ,rate of change of down wash d = 0.5tail eciency t = 0.9,Aerodynamic centre at 0.24c ,
dCm dCL

ratio Se /St =0.35 .Calculate the Stick xed neutral point.As shown in gure1 [16]

F us

= 0.085Elevator area

Figure 1: 3. Explain the origin of Hinge Moments occurring on a control surface. Hence dene the terms oating tendency and restoring tendency. Consider the horizontal tail of an airplane with elevator and a tab and describe the overall expression for Hinge moment coecients. How can these be alleviated or controlled? [16] 4. The geometrical and aerodynamic characteristics of a glider are given as follows; Wing AR=8(NACA 23012, a0 = 0.104,0L = -1.2 ),Hor.Tail AR = 4 (NACA 0009. d = a0 = 0.110 per degree), Tail volume ratio V =0.6,rate of change of down wash d 0.5,tail eciency t = 0.9 ,Aerodynamic centre at 0.24c,
dCm dCL

area ratio Se /St =0.35, oating tendency Ch = 0.003 , restoring tendencyCh = 1 of 2

F us

= 0.087,Elevator

Code No: RR322101

Set No. 2

0.0055, Residual hinge moments Ch0 = 0 . Calculate the Stick free neutral point, N0 . [16]
2 dCL y S 5. Establish that Cl = 57 holds for an airplane with dihedral when a right .3 d b S side-slip produces left rolling moments ( with standard notations) . [16]

6. Develop an expression for the yawing moments developed by a wing-fuselage combination. What makes such a combination produce +ve static directional stability? Illustrate with sketches / plots. [16] 7. The equations of longitudinal motion of airplane with elevator locked conditions are given below: L (CD CL ) + C =0 (C D + d )u + 1 2 2 1 CL u + ( /2CL + d) d = 0 (Cm + Cmd d) + (Cmd d hd2 ) = 0 . Describe the coecients of the variables . Make proper assumptions to obtain the simplied equations of motion and suggest a method to extract frequency and time period and time to half the amplitude of the oscillations. [16] 8. Show with two examples that lateral and directional dynamics of airplane is strongly coupled. Explain from the characteristic equation of lateral-directional dynamics the existence of at least one oscillation apart from converging / diverging motions in this case. [16]

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Code No: RR322101

Set No. 3

III B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006 AIRCRAFT STABILITY AND CONTROL (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. Explain the need of ight controls in airplane when we know that static and dynamic stabilities are associated with an airplane. Is the stability a part of the airplane design and operation? Does the pilot apply control in this respect? Please illustrate. [16] 2. Establish that
dCm dCL f ixed

is the criterion of static longitudinal stability of airplane.

Hence develop an expression for the same for an airplane with conventional wingtail combination. Include the eect of power plant in the expression. Explain the contribution of each part of the airplane. [16] 3. Dene the terms oating tendency and restoring tendency. What is oating of a control surface? Describe ways and means to alleviate or control these hinge moments by an arrangement known Internal Balance. [16] 4. The geometrical and aerodynamic characteristics of a glider are given as follows; Wing AR=8(NACA 23012, a0 = 0.104,0L = -1.2 ),Hor.Tail AR = 4 (NACA 0009. d a0 = 0.110 per degree), Tail volume ratio V =0.62,rate of change of down wash d = 0.5,tail eciency t = 0.9 ,Aerodynamic centre at 0.24c,
dCm dCL

area ratio Se /St =0.35, oating tendency Ch = 0.003 , restoring tendencyCh = 0.0055, Residual hinge moments Ch0 = 0 . Calculate the Stick free neutral point, N0 . [16] 5. Prove that the wing sweep-back (+) produces positive dihedral eect i.e Cl . [16] 6. Explain the conditions under which Cn is equal to negative of Cn . Hence bring out the requirement of dorsal n from the contribution of vertical tail-fuselage combination. [16] 7. The characteristic equation of dynamic longitudinal stability of an airplane was obtained as below; A4 + B3 + C2 + D + E = 0 , where A = 1 ,B = 4.91 ,C = 12.5 ,D =0.63 , E = 0.57. Work out the period, N1/2 and t1/2 of the phugoid oscillations .Provide the basis of your recognizing the oscillation to be as such. [16] 8. Show with two examples that lateral and directional dynamics of airplane is strongly coupled. Explain from the characteristic equation of lateral-directional dynamics the existence of at least one oscillation apart from converging / diverging motions in this case. [16] 1 of 1

F us

= 0.08,Elevator

Code No: RR322101

Set No. 4

III B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006 AIRCRAFT STABILITY AND CONTROL (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. Describe the concept of stability associated with an airplane? Explain dierent modes making the airplane depart from stability and then its return to the cruise condition. Make use of sketches and plots. [16] 2. Establish that
dCm dCL f ixed

is the criterion of static longitudinal stability of airplane.

Hence develop an expression for the same for an airplane with conventional wingtail combination. Include the eect of power plant in the expression. Explain the contribution of each part of the airplane. [16] 3. Make use of sketches /plots to explain the occurrence of hinge moments on the horizontal tail from the pressure distribution due to angle of attack and the deections e and t from elevator and tab. Hence dene the terms oating tendency and restoring tendency. Describe ways and means to alleviate or control these hinge moments. [16] 4. Dene the term Stick Force per g and explain its signicance in establishing the c.g.limits for an airplane. Hence show that Ch dFs e (W/S )Ch dCm = Gt Se cC Ch 1.1 [16] 57.3Gt Se ce glt 2 dn P ullup dCL m
F ree

5. Show that an airplane with swept back wing(+) produces left rolling moments when it meets right side-slip i.e. it produces positive dihedral eect i.e Cl . Make use of sketches and plots in this respect. [16]
N q t St l 6. Work out an expression given by (Cn )tail = dC and that for damping in yaw dt qSb for a vertical tail. Make use of sketches and plots. [16]

7. The characteristic equation of dynamic longitudinal stability of an airplane was obtained as below; A4 + B3 + C2 + D + E = 0 , where A = 1 ,B = 10 ,C = 100 ,D = 600 , E = 2000 . Work out the period, N1/2 and t1/2 of the phugoid oscillations.Provide the basis of your recognizing the oscillation to be as such. [16] 8. The single degree of freedom equation for Dutch Roll oscillations..is written in terms . of lateral oscillations consisting of movements only in yaw as C +Nr +N = 0 , where C is the yawing moment of inertia of the airplane , is angle of yaw , Nr , N are lateral stability derivatives. Carry out a simple analysis of the Dutch Roll mode of oscillations elaborating the eect of lateral stability derivatives. [16]

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