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TEPE Volume 3, Issue 1 Feb. 2014, PP. 191-197 www.vkingpub.com/journal/tepe/ American V-King Scientific Publishing
191
MHD Heat and Mass Transfer for Viscous flow over
Nonlinearly Stretching Sheet in a Porous Medium
R. N. J at, Gopi Chand and Dinesh Rajotia
Department of Mathematics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India.
Khurkhuria_rnjat@yahoo.com , gcyadav87@gmail.com & rajotia.dinesh@gmail.com


Abstract- The steady two-dimensional laminar flow of a viscous
incompressible electrically conducting fluid past over a porous
substrate attached to a non-linearly stretching sheet in the
presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field with viscous
dissipation in the porous medium is investigated. The boundary-
layer equations are transformed to ordinary differential
equations with the help of similarity transformed and solved
numerically by standard techniques. The velocity and
temperature profiles are computed and discussed numerically
and presented through graphs for various parameters like,
Magnetic and Permeability parameters, Prandtl number and
Eckert number.
Keywords- Viscous dissipation; Nonlinearly stretching sheet;
MHD; Boundary layer flow; Porous Medium
I. INTRODUCTION
The steady two-dimensional boundary-layer flow of a
viscous incompressible fluid over a non-linearly stretching
sheet is very important and it has many practical applications
in several industries such as polymer sheet extrusion from a
dye, aerodynamic extrusion of plastic sheets, glass-fiber
production and many others. The two-dimensional boundary-
layer flow caused by a moving rigid surface was first
investigated by Sakiadis [1]. Later, Crane [2], extended this
idea for the two dimensional flow over a stretching sheet
problem. Gupta and Gupta [3] using similar solution method,
analyzed heat and mass transfer in the boundary layer over a
stretching sheet subject to suction or blowing. Banks [4]
studied similarity solutions of the boundary layer equations for
stretching wall. Vajarvelu and Hodjnicolaou [5], Vajarvelu
and Nayfeh [6], Reptis [7], Vajarvelu [8] studied the heat
transfer in a viscous fluid over a stretching sheet with viscous
dissipation in porous medium and without porous medium.
Prasad et al. [9] analyzed study of visco-elastic fluid flow and
heat transfer over a stretching sheet with variable viscosity.
Mahapatra and Gupta [10] also discussed stagnation-point
flow of a visco-elastic fluid towards a stretching surface.
Viscous flow over a non-linearly stretching sheet in the
presence of a chemical reaction and magnetic field was
investigated by Raptis and Perdkis [11]. Cortell [12-13] has
worked on viscous flow and heat transfer over a nonlinearly
stretching sheet. Abbas and Hayat [14] investigated radiation
effect on MHD flow in a porous space. Awang and Hashim
[15] obtained series solution of flow over nonlinearly
stretching sheet with chemical reaction and magnetic field.
Effect of viscous dissipation and radiation on the thermal
boundary layer over a nonlinearly stretching sheet was studied
by Cortell [16]. Jat and Chaudhary [17-19] studied the MHD
boundary layer flow over a stretching sheet for stagnation
point, heat transfer with and without viscous dissipation and
Joule heating. Ellahi et al. [20,21] obtained analytic solution
for MHD flow in an annulus and MHD flow in a third grade
fluid with variable viscosity. Radiation effects on the MHD
flow near the stagnation point of a stretching sheet was studied
by Jat and Chaudhary [22]. Vyas and Rai [23] studied
radiative flow with thermal conductivity over a non-isothermal
stretching sheet in a porous medium. Later, Numerical study
of MHD free convective flow and mass transfer over a
stretching sheet considering Dofour and Soret effects in the
presence of magnetic field was investigated by Ahammad and
Mollah [24]. Recently, Alinejad and Samarbakhsh [25] studied
viscous flow over nonlinearly stretching sheet with effect of
viscous dissipation. Slip effects on ordinary viscous fluid flow
have been discussed by Ellahi et al. [26], whereas MHD flow
have been studied by Ellahi and Hammed [27]. Recently,
Ellahi [28] and Ellahi et al. [29] studied the effects of MHD
and temperature dependent viscosity on the flow of non-
Newtonian nanofluid in a pipe and flow through a porous
medium between two coaxial cylinders with heat transfer and
variable viscosity respectively. Zeeshan and Ellahi [30]
obtained the Series solutions for nonlinear partial differential
equations with slip boundary conditions for non-Newtonian
MHD fluid in porous space. Realizing the increasing technical
applications of MHD effects, the present paper studies the
problem of MHD boundary layer flow over an nonlinearly
stretching sheet in porous medium with viscous dissipation.
II. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
Let us consider a steady two dimensional laminar flow of a
viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid past over
a porous substrate attached to a non-linearly stretching sheet.
The x-axis is taken along the stretching surface in the direction
of motion and y-axis is perpendicular to it. A uniform
magnetic field of strength
0
B is assumed to be applied normal
to the stretching surface. The magnetic Reynolds number is
taken to be small and therefore the induced magnetic field is
neglected. Two equal and opposite forces are applied along the
x-axis is so that the sheet is stretched keeping the origin fixed.
Thermal Energy and Power Engineering TEPE
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192
The stretching sheet has uniform temperature
w
T and a non-
linear velocity
n
w
U cx = , where n (>1) is constant. All the
fluid properties are assumed to be constant throughout the
motion. Under the usual boundary layer approximations, the
governing boundary layer equations of mass conservation,
momentum and energy with Joule heating and viscous
dissipation are:
0
u v
x y

+ =

(1)
2 2
0
2
0
B u u u
u v u u
x y y K

+ =

(2)
2
2
2 2
0 2 p
T T T u
c u v B u
x y y y

| | | |
+ = + +
| |

\ . \ .
(3)

Fig.1: Physical model for MHD flow past over a porous substrate attached to
the stretching sheet.
Where u and v are the velocities in the x- and y- directions
respectively,
0
K
is the permeability of the porous substrate,
is the density, is the viscosity,

=
is the kinematic
viscosity,
p
c is the specific heat at constant pressure, is
thermal conductivity of the fluid under consideration and T is
the temperature.
The boundary conditions are:
0: y =

n
u cx =

( 1) n > ; 0 v = ;
w
T T =
: y 0 u ; T T

(4)
III. ANALYSIS
The equation of continuity (1) is identically satisfied if we
choose the stream function such that

u
y

=

,
v
x

=

(5)
The momentum and energy equations can be transformed
into the corresponding ordinary differential equations by
introducing the following similarity transformations:
( 1)
2
2
( , ) ( )
1
n
c
x y x f
n

+
=
+

( )
w
T T
T T

where
( 1)
2
( 1)
2
n
c n
y x

+
=
(6)
Then, the momentum and energy equations (2) and (3) are
transformed to:

''' '' ' 2 '
2 1 1
( ) 0
1 1
n
f ff f M f
n n K
| | | || |
+ + =
| | |
+ +
\ . \ .\ .

(7)

2 2
'' ' '' '
Pr 0
( 1)
M
f Ec f f
n

| |
+ + + =
` |
+
\ . )

(8)
The corresponding boundary conditions are:
0: =

0 f =

'
1 f = , 1 =

:

'
0 f
;
0
(9)
Where prime () denote the differentiation with respect to
and dimensionless parameters are:
2
0
( 1)
2
n
B
M
cx

=
(Magnetic parameter)
2
( )
p w
u
Ec
c T T

(Eckert number)
Pr
p
c

=
(Prandtl number)
( 1) 0
2
n
K c
K x

=
(Permeability parameter) (10)
The physical quantities of interest are the skin-friction
coefficient f
c
and heat transfer rates i.e. the Nusselt number
Nu
are:
0
2 2
2 2
y
w
f
w w
u
y
c
U U

=
| |
|

\ .
= =


( 1)
'' ''
2
2 ( 1) 2( 1)
(0) (0)
Re
n
f
n n
c x f f
c

+
+ +
= =
(11)
and
y o
w
T
x
y
Nu
T T
=

| |
|

\ .
=

Thermal Energy and Power Engineering TEPE
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193

( 1)
' '
2
( 1) ( 1)Re
(0) (0)
2 2
n
c n n
Nu x

+
+ +
= =
(12)
where

1
Re
n
cx

+
=
(Reynolds number) (13)

Fig. 2: Velocity profile against for various values of Magnetic parameter M for n =1.5 and K =0.5.

Fig. 3: Velocity profile against for various values of Permeability parameter K for n =1.5 and M =1.0.
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (7) and
(8) with boundary conditions (9) were solved numerically
using Runge - Kutta forth order algorithm with a systematic
guessing of f (0) and (0) by the shooting technique until
the boundary conditions at infinity are satisfied. The step
size = 0.001 is used while obtaining the numerical
solution and accuracy up to the seventh decimal place
i.e.1 10
7
, which is very sufficient for convergence. In this
method, we choose suitable finite values of , say

,
which depend on the values of the parameter used. The
computations were done by a program which uses a symbolic
and computational computer language Matlab. The shear
stress which is proportional to f (0) and the rate of heat
transfer which is proportional to (0) are tabulated in Table
1.0 and Table 2.0 for different values of parameters
respectively. It is observed from the table that the shear stress
increase and heat transfer rate decrease (for Ec =-0.5) and
increase (for Ec =0.5) as Magnetic Parameter increases. Also
the shear stress decrease and heat transfer rate increase as
Permeability Parameter increases Also the Nusselt number
decreases for increasing value of Ec for a given Pr, whereas it
is increases for increasing value of Pr for a given value of Ec.
The velocity profile
'
( ) f for different values of the
magnetic parameter M is shown in fig.2. It is observed that
velocity boundary layer thickness increase with the increasing
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4

f

'
(
)
M =0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1

f

'
(
)
K =0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0
Thermal Energy and Power Engineering TEPE
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194
values of M. The velocity profile
'
( ) f for different values
of the permeability parameter K is shown in fig.3. It is
observed that velocity boundary layer thickness decreases with
the increasing values of K.
TABLE 1.0: VALUES OF
''
(0) f
FOR DIFFERENT VALUES OF M AND K.
K M
''
(0) f


0.5
0 -0.61016178
0.5 -0.46849653
1.0 -0.31536821
2.0 0.02209619

1.0
0 -0.85782905
0.5 -0.73987740
1.0 -0.61016178
2.0 -0.31536821

1.5
0 -0.93038545
0.5 -0.81977316
1.0 -0.69797228
2.0 -0.41869183

2.0
0 -0.96499581
0.5 -0.85782905
1.0 -0.73987738
2.0 -0.46849654
TABLE 2.0: VALUES OF
'
(0)
FOR DIFFERENT VALUES OF THE PARAMETERS K, M, PR AND EC.
K Pr Ec
M
0 0.5 1.0 2.0




0.5
0.7
-0.5 0.62268675 0.67711083 0.74897243 0.95870448
0 0.53664197 0.55836610 0.58060544 0.62473794
0.5 0.45059719 0.43962138 0.41223845 0.29077140
1.0
-0.5 0.78073952 0.84862808 0.93897542 1.20540944
0 0.66331920 0.68781399 0.71258574 0.76126525
0.5 0.54589887 0.52699992 0.48619606 0.31712107
7.0
-0.5 2.53027720 2.73631889 3.03308098 3.97595248
0 1.97085630 1.99915729 2.02864836 2.09869193
0.5 1.41143539 1.26199569 1.02421574 0.20343138




1.0
0.7
-0.5 0.61996631 065841157 0.70864418 0.85959050
0 0.49727587 0.51608231 0.53664197 0.58060544
0.5 0.37458542 0.37375304 0.36463975 0.30162038
1.0
-0.5 0.78720963 0.83536153 0.89827567 1.08853921
0 0.61772567 0.63974277 0.66331920 0.71258574
0.5 0.44824170 0.44412400 0.42836273 0.33663227
7.0
-0.5 2.78623606 2.91753463 3.10311461 3.72576536
0 1.91931371 1.94414786 1.97085630 2.02864836
0.5 1.05239136 0.97076109 0.83859799 0.33153137




1.5
0.7
-0.5 0.61079155 0.65544611 0.70014748 0.83436493
0 0.48588356 0.50332319 0.52276579 0.56575114
0.5 0.35097556 0.35120026 0.34538411 0.29713736
1.0
-0.5 0.79099344 0.83466051 0.89079238 1.05979295
0 0.60413266 0.62485924 0.64745721 0.69606782
0.5 0.41727188 0.41505797 0.40412204 0.33234270
7.0
-0.5 2.87380617 2.99121448 3.15233507 3.68986946
0 1.90383967 1.92737474 1.95285233 2.00887589
0.5 0.93387316 0.86353501 0.75336959 0.32788229



0.7
-0.5 0.61142526 0.65442919 0.69667132 0.82312645
0 0.48054105 0.49727586 0.51608232 0.55836610
0.5 0.34965684 0.34012554 0.33549332 0.29360575
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195

2.0
1.0
-0.5 0.79305297 0.83478867 0.88794845 1.04717401
0 0.59768365 0.61772567 0.63974277 0.68781399
0.5 0.40231432 0.40066267 0.39153710 0.32845398
7.0
-0.5 2.91708202 3.02904923 3.18010127 3.67963858
0 1.89641790 1.91931371 1.94414787 1.99915728
0.5 0.87575377 0.80957819 0.70819447 0.31867599

The temperature profiles for different values of M, Pr and
Ec are presented in figure 4 to figure 7. It is observed from the
figures that the boundary conditions are satisfied
asymptotically in all the cases, which supporting the accuracy
of the numerical results obtained. All the figures shows that
increasing value of any parameter, result is decrease the
thermal boundary layer except the Eckert number, result is
increase the thermal boundary layer, whereas increase in
Eckert number is to increase the thermal boundary layer. It is
observed that for small Prandtl number (Pr <1, Fig. 6), there
is a very low difference at the end of diagram between the
curves with and without heat dissipation and in case with large
Prandtl number (Pr >1, Fig. 7) and negative Eckert number,
the dimensionless temperature gains a negative value after
reaching zero and at the end of path, it reaches zero again.

Fig. 4: Temperature distribution against for various values of Magnetic parameter M for Pr =0.7, Ec =0.1, K =0.5, n =1.5.

Fig. 5: Temperature distribution against for various values of Prandtl number Pr for M =1.0, Ec =0.1, K =1.0, n =1.5.
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2

)
M =0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2

)
Pr =0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 7.0
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196

Fig. 6: Temperature distribution against for various values of Eckert number Ec for M=1.0, Pr =0.71, K =1.0, n =1.5.

Fig. 7: Temperature distribution against for various values of Eckert number Ec for M=1.0, Pr =7.0, K =1.0, n =1.5.
V. CONCLUSIONS
This paper extends the boundary layer problem of an
electrically conducting fluid over a non-linear stretching
porous surface by considering joule heating and viscous
dissipation terms in the thermal boundary layer in the presence
of magnetic field. Similarity equations are derived and solved
numerically. The effects of different parameters like Magnetic
parameter M, Permeability parameter K, Prandtl number Pr
and Eckert number Ec are studies in detail.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
i. The authors wish to express their sincere appreciation
to the learned referee for careful reading of the
manuscript and valuable suggestions.
ii. This work has been carried out with the financial
support of CSIR in the form of J.R.F awarded to one of
the author (Gopi Chand).
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