SPECIAL THANKS

I thank of Miss Amandeep Kaur for her complete support.I express my deep feeling of gratitude and profound respect to (Project Advisor) under whose valuable guidance the work has planned and completed. I send my sincere thanks to the entire teacher at her institute.

OBJECTIVE OF THE THESIS

The main objects the thesis to fulfill all the requirements to the B.Sc(FT) from Punjab Technical University . In this thesis ,I tried my best to enlightened the every aspect of the like their history ,cuisine ,people ,geographical view, culture ,dance ,art & other etc. and places of visit and more aspect are covered in this thesis . By this thesis the person can watch the beauty of Goa with my eyes and if he get any chance the can easily visit the important places after going through this report .Also have good objectives for me to design different dress with innovative themes from them temples, dance wild life etc.

Variously known as "Pearl of the Orient" and a "Tourist Paradise", the state of Goa is located on the western coast of India in the coastal belt known as Konkan. The magnificent scenic beauty and the architectural splendours of its temples, churches and old houses have made Goa a firm favourite with travellers around the world. But then, Goa is much more than just beaches and sea. It has a soul which goes deep into unique history, rich culture and some of the prettiest natural scenery that India has to offer. Much of the real Goa is in its interiors, both inside its buildings and in the hinterland away from the coastal area. Legends from Hindu mythology credit Lord Parshuram, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu with the creation of Goa. Over the centuries various dynasties have ruled Goa. Rashtrakutas, Kadambas, Silaharas, Chalukyas, Bahamani Muslims and most famously the Portuguese have been rulers of Goa. Goa was liberated by the Indian Army from Portuguese colonisation on December 19, 1961 and became an Union Territory along with the enclaves of Daman and Diu. On May 30, 1987 Goa was conferred statehood and became the 25th state of the Indian Republic. Having been the meeting point of races, religions and cultures of East and West over the centuries, Goa has a multi-hued and distinctive lifestyle quite different from the rest of India.

Hindu and Catholic communities make up almost the entire population with minority representation of Muslims and other religions. All the communities have mutual respect towards one another and their secular outlook has given Goa a long and an unbroken tradition of religious harmony. The warm and tolerant nature of the Goans allows them to celebrate and enjoy the festivals of various religions such as Ganesh Chaturthi, Diwali, Christmas, Easter and Id with equal enthusiasm. The state of Maharashtra borders Goa on the north, the state of Karnataka on the south and east. The vast expanse of the Arabian Sea on the west forms the magnificent coastline for which Goa is justly famous. Terekhol (Tiracol), Mandovi, Zuari, Chapora, Sal and Talpona are the main rivers which weave their way throughout the state forming the inland waterways adding beauty and romance to the land besides being used to transport Goa's main export commodity of Iron and Manganese ore to Mormugao Harbour. Along the way to the coast these waterways form estuaries, creeks and bays breaking the sandy, palm-fringed coastline behind which lie the fishing villages among the coconut groves. Panaji (Panjim) is the state capital located on the banks of the Mandovi river and Vasco, Margao, Mapusa and Ponda are the other major towns. Goa is serviced by an international/national airport located at Dabolim near Vasco. An intra-state and inter-state bus network also plays an important role in getting locals and visitors alike in and around Goa. The vast green expanse of the Sahyadri mountain range ensures that Goa has an abundance of water. The sea and rivers abound in seafood - prawns, mackerels, sardines, crabs and lobsters are the most popular with the locals and the visitors.

Along with English which is widely spoken all over Goa, Konkani and Marathi are the state languages. The national language Hindi is also well understood in most areas around the state. Goan cuisine is a blend of different influences the Goans had to endure during the centuries. The staple food in Goa is fish and rice, both among the Hindus and the Catholics. Unlike the Christian food the Hindu Goan food is not strongly influenced by the Portuguese cuisine. Since the arrival of the Hippies in the sixties, Goa has been a major destination on the itinerary of international and domestic tourists. The tourist season in Goa begins in late September and carries on through early March. The weather in these months is usually dry and pleasantly cool. Then the weather gets fairly hot around May and by end of June, Goa receives the full blast of the Indian monsoon with sudden downpours and tropical thunderstorms. However it is also during the monsoon that Goa is probably at its most beautiful, with greenery sprouting all around. Besides the natural beauty, the fabulous beaches and sunshine, travellers to Goa love the laidback, peaceful, warm and friendly nature of the Goan people. After all, more than anywhere else on planet earth, this is a place where people really know how to relax.

Goa is India's smallest state , it is located on the west coast of india in the region known as Konkan . Goa was ruled by the Portuguese for 450 years till it was liberated from the portuguese to form a part of india on 19th december 1961.

Goa has a long history of rulers dating back to the 3 rd century bc when it was the part of the mauryan empire .goa has been ruled by numerous rulers Silharas,Kadamdas,Chaukyans , kings of Deccan,kings of Vijaynagar,Adilshah of Bijapur and last but not least the Portuguese who were the most sucessful of them all .The Portuguese came in 1498 ans were the the first Europeans to set foot in India , they soon established a trading colony for the sole purpose of dealing with spices and cotton and later ended up ruling the state when the portuguese admiral alfonso de albuquere defeated the ruling Bijapur kings on the behalf of a local sovereign.

Goa encompasses an area of 3702 square kilometers.it is bounded by the state of Maharastra on the north and Karnatakaon the east and the south .The Arabian sea makes up the states west coast .Goa has a coast line of 101 kms which comprises of beautiful beaches .Its main rivets are the Mandovi ,the Zuari ,the Terekhol,Chapora and the Betul.The Mandovi and Zuari are the life lines of the state .Goa has one of the best natural habours in South Asia known as Mormugao.Goa being in the tropical zone has a warm and humid climate .Goa consists of 3 seasons namely the summer, rainy or the wet season and the cool season .temperatures can reach a max of 35 degrees in summer and 18 degrees in the cool season , the rainy or wet season last between june and september.

Goa is one of indias richest state with a GDP per capita of one and a half times that of the country .Tourism is Goa's primary industry followed by the fishing industry and the mining industry.Rice is the main agricultural crop followed by cashew and coconut .Panjim is Goa's administarative capital and the hub of the business industry , Panjim lies on the left side of the river Mandovi over looking Goa's legislative capital Porvorim .Konkani is Goa's primary spoken language ,English and Marathi is the language used for official literacy or educational purposes.Hindi , India's national language is also spoken as a second or third language.

Rice and fish curry is the staple diet of the people of Goa .Coconut is widely used in the preparation of many dishes along with chilli,spices and vinegar.Some of Goa's most sought after dishes are prawn curry and rice, crab xec xec ,pork vindaloo,sorpotel,sannas and last but not the least the best dessert of the state bebinca.The most popular local alocoholic beverage is feni, cashew feni is made from the fermentation of the cashew fruit while coconut feni is made from the sap of the coconut palm tree locally known as toddy or sur in konkani. Since Goa consist mainly of Hindus and Christians , Christmas ,Ganesh Chaturthi,Diwali,New Years Day,Shigmo and the Carnival are the most celebrated festivals in the state.Goans have a great love for music which can be seen widely in the state through the numerious dances ,bands festivals,concerts or dramatical plays or tiatrts as they are often called .Manddo is the traditional goan folkore music which originated in the ninetenth century is sung and danced on special occasions .Goa also has two world heritage sites the Basillica of Bom Jesus and a few designated Convents.The Basillica of Bom Jesus holds the mortal remains of Saint Francis Xavier regarded by many catholics as the patron saint of goa.The Velhos Conquistas regions are also known for its Indo Portuguese style and architecture in many parts of Goa.Mansions constructed in the Indo Portuguese style architecture still stand .Fontainhas in Panjim has been declared a cultural quater and are used as a living museum showcasing the life architecture and culture of Goa .Goa also has many famous national parks and reserves including the renowned Salim Ali bird sanctuary ,the Bondla wildlife sanctuary, Molem wildlife sanctuary to name a few.

Goa, a former Portuguese territory, for more than 450 years is often described as 'The Rome of the East'. It has over the past decades, become the dream holiday destination, for many a foreign tourist. More than 40 years after the departure of the Portuguese, Goa is perhaps the most westernized of all the states in Modern India. One of the things that make Goa unique, are the laws, a legacy that the Portuguese have left behind. The common civil code, confers equal status to all religions, it favors no particular religion. The law also accords equal legal status to both sexes, in all matters. Goa's rich cultural heritage comprises of dances, folk songs, visual arts, music and folk tales rich in content and variety. Goan are born music lovers, most Goans can pluck at a guitar or pick out a tune on the piano. Goans are very proud of their state, and are well prepared to fight for its protection. Environmental issues feature prominently, but often lack firmness in dealing with issues related to government utilities, administrative corruption and horrendous government services RELIGION Goa has a colourful culture, that evolved from its history of Hindu, Muslim and Portuguese rulers. Thus leaving behind distinctive marks on the land and the lives of the people. Though, Goa is a multi-ethnic state, Goans are very tolerant towards each other's faiths. The majority Hindu community and the sizeable Catholic minority have lived in peace and harmony for decades and centuries. They participate in each other's many feasts.

Many Hindus attend the novenas during the feast of St. Francis Xavier (the patron saint of Goa), as the Catholics take part in the zagors and zatras. It is not rare to see young Catholics at local Hindu temples during the feast of Dusshera. They consider it auspicious to have their vehicles blessed by the temple priest on that day.

FAIRS AND FESTIVALS OF GOA

When you travel to Goa, you will find that Goa is famous for its Indo-Latin festivals especially the famous carnivals. These are the occasions when a Goan peasant manifests joy and happiness. The word, 'carnival' originated from Medieval Latin: carnem levare or carnelevarium which means 'take away or remove, meat'. Even recapitulation discovers its origin in the ancient Saturnalia festival of ancient Rome. For the Hindus of Goa it's Shigmo. This, too, was originally a spring festival like Saturnalia honouring the New Year and celebrating the burgeoning of life.

While Carnival and Shigmo are festivals of joy, Shivaratri is one of austerity and penance. It is also, in all likelihood, the most ancient of the three major festivals of Goa because it is in honour of Lord Shiva, a God who had been worshipped in India for centuries before the Indo-Iranians migrated into this land. Shivaratri, however, is essentially an introspective festival. Zatra is celebrated in all special temples at Mangueshi, Nagueshi, Ramnathi, Kavlem, Madkai, Kundai, Shiroda, Khandepar, Borim, Kapileshwari, Mulgaon, Fatorpa, Amona, Shirgao, Marshel, MalaPanaji, Mapusa, Velinga, Karmali and Calangute. Goa, so, completes the trio of Christianity, Hinduism & Islam. Apart from these there are several festivals celebrated by the respective communities but enjoyed by everyone making Goa an example of Indian secularism.

NIGHTLIFE IN GOA When you travel to Goa, be sure to enjoy the nightlife at Goa. The nightlife in Goa is tantalising and people party out to enliven the evenings. A family on a night-out attending rave parties or cheering up over a cool peg of feni or gin is a daily routine in Goa. The strangest custom one comes across in some areas as they make a trip to Goa is the presence of a bar-cum-restaurant in

almost every third house. All the trendy looking rooms of the houses are open to the public with a couple of chairs and a table. The atmosphere is just great - relaxing and conducive to a pleasant night out with family and friends. Most of the places serve exquisite seafood and other Goan delicacies having well stocked bars. And if you want to jive the night away, there are a couple of nice discotheques in Goa.

Goa boasts about a fusion of languages. Portuguese was widely spoken until Goa was liberated from the Portugal regime in 1961. In fact, the older generations can still speak Portuguese. However, the main languages spoken now in Goa are Konkani and Marathi. Marathi is widely taught in schools too. Yet almost everyone in Goa can speak in English and Hindi. Thanks to its chequered history, Goa is a multi-lingual state. Having had people of various regions, ethnic races and religions from India and abroad settling in Goa, their language too has inflected accordingly. So, the total number of languages used in Goa are English, Portuguese, Konkani, Hindi and Marathi. Konkani, however, is the official language of Goa. Konkani is written in the Devanagri script. The other main languages spoken in the state are Marathi, Kannad and Urdu. Gujarati and Hindi are also spoken by a considerable number of people in the state. In major towns, English is widely used in writing and conversation. Goa being a major tourist place offers a tourist-friendly medium of interaction through English. Portuguese was the language of the colonial rulers and the official language until before liberation, in 1961. Notwithstanding the official patronage and a compulsory medium of study, Portuguese failed to make a dent in the mind of the majority of Goans. It remained only the language of the elite but alienated the masses. Thus just after the departure of the Portuguese, the Portuguese language lost all its favor and usage. Konkani and Marathi survived in Goa by secret studies at home, in temples and public places in villages.

FOOD He staple food of Goa is fish curry and rice, both among the Hindus as well as the Catholics. But the main difference in the food habits of these communities is that the Christians also eat beef and pork, which are forbidden in most Hindu households. Goan cuisine is quite spicy in nature and is a blend of Indian, Brazillian and the Portuguese influences.

Prawn Balchao - a spicy, oily, pickle like creation is one of the most popular local seafood delicacies. Pork sorpotel, Goa's prized dish, is served mainly on feast days or any other festive occasion. Chicken Cafreal - grilled chicken treated with a healthy amount of garlic paste is another dinnertime favourite. Bebinca, an eight-layered dessert made up of only eggs, milk and sugar, is a famous Goan sweet meat. Goan cuisine consists of regional foods popular in Goa, located along India's west coast along the Arabian Sea. Seafood,coconut milk, rice, and local spices are main ingredients of Goan

cuisine. The area is located in a tropical climate, which means that spices and flavors are intense. Use of Kokum is another distinct feature. Goan food is considered incomplete without fish. It is similar to Malvani cuisine or Konkani cuisine. The cuisine of Goa is influenced by its Hindu origins, four hundred years of Portuguese colonialism, and modern techniques. The state is frequently visited by tourists for its beaches and historic sites, so its food has an international aspect SEA FOOD The cuisine is mostly is seafood-based; the most Among the staple common foods are delicacy. rice Others

and fish. Kingfish (Vison or Visvan) include pomfret, shark, tuna,

and mackerel.

the shellfish are crabs, prawns, tiger

prawns, lobster, squid, and mussels. The food of Goan Christians is influenced by the Portuguese. INTRODUCTION OF NEW EDIBLES TO GOAN CUISINE The Portuguese brought potatoes, tomatoes, pineapples, guavas,

and cashews from Brazil to Goa. Of these tomatoes and potatoes were not accepted by the Hindus until the late twentieth century. The most important part of Goan spices, the chili, was introduced to Goan cuisine by the Portuguese and became immensely popular. None of these above mentioned ingredients were used in Goan cuisine before the advent of the Portuguese

Goa's traditional drink is Feni, a potent brew made from the sap of either the coconut or cashew tree. Feni was probably brought to Goa by the Portugese, but has become synonymous worldwide with the Goans and their laid-back way of life. HINDU CUISINE

Fish curry called Humann (' as Kadi or Ambot

' in Konkani) and rice ('

' or '

'), also known

Fried fish (

) ) Dry spicy preparation of fish, eaten as a side dish ) Type of curry consisting

Fish Suke or Dhabdhabit (

Fish Udid Methi or Uddamethi (

of fenugreek and mackerel; a vegetarian version of this dish also is prepared using hog plums (or anything sour and tangy, such as pieces of raw mango) and fenugreek

Kismur (

) A type of side dish normally consisting of dried fish (mostly mackerel

or shrimp), onions, and coconut.

Dangar or fish cutlets (

Kalputi A dish normally prepared from the head of a large fish, onions, and coconut. Bhaji or Shak made of different vegetables and fruits ( or )

Khatkhate (

Tondak, made of beans, cashew nuts, etc. (

Different varieties of sweets made of rice and lentils, such as Payasu, Patoli, Madgane, Kheer, etc. ( )

Different varieties of pickles and Papads (

or

Solachi kadi, a spicy coconut and kokum curry (

CATHOLIC CUISINE

Ambot tik A sour curry dish prepared with either fish or meat Arroz doce A Portuguese derivative of kheer (sweetened rice) Balcho A curry based on a traditional sauce from Macao, made from shrimp, aguardente, laurel, lemon, and chili

Canja de galinha A type of chicken broth served with rice and chicken, and is originally a Goan recipe

Chamua A Goan derivative of the samosa Croquettes Beef cutlets and beef potato chops that are common snacks Feijoada A stew brought by the Portuguese Roast beef and beef tongue Popular entrees at Goan celebrations Sorpotel A Goan meat, liver, tongue, and blood curry that is made from pork and is very spicy; it is eaten with sannas or po bread

Xacuti Goan curry made with roasted grated coconut with pieces of chicken or beef

Samarein Chi Kodi Goan curry made with fresh and dried prawns Patoleo or Patoli A dish of turmeric leaves stuffed with rice, dal, jaggery, and coconut Sanna A dry rice cake, considered to be a Goan variant of idli

Solantule kodi A spicy coconut and kokum curry Vindaloo A spicy curry where the name is derived from the Portuguese term for a garlic and wine (vinho e alho) marinade; this is popular in the West, particularly the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand that is not related to aloo (potato)

Bebik (Bebinca) A pudding traditionally eaten at Christmas

Cashew nut laddus, Nevryo, Khaje, Revdyo, Peda, Puran Poli, Sakhar Bhat, Mangane, and Payasa are other well-known dishes. Also, there are several types of halwa like Dali kapa (halwa made of red gram), Cashew nut Halwa, Mango Halwa, Banana Halwa, Dodol, Pumpkin Halwa, and others.

Goa has a unique cultural heritage, rich and lively and it is known for several folk festivals and performances. The traditional folk music and dances have continued uninterruptedly, while the influence of the Portuguese music and dance on the local culture has helped evolve new forms. This happy blending and co-existence of cultural traditions gives a unique character to the music and folk dances of Goa. The famous folk dances and forms of Goa include Talgadi, Goff, Tonya Mel, Mando, Kunbi dance, Suvari, Dasarawadan, Virabhadra, Hanpeth, Gauda jagar, Ranmale, Fugadi, Ghode Modni, Lamp Dance, Musal Dance, Dhangar Dance, Dekhni and Dhalo. The term Dashavatara refers to the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu ('Das' means ten, 'Avatar' means incarnations). Scholars are divided into two groups as far as the origin of the dance is concerned. One group believes it to have evolved from "Yakshagana", another group considers it to have emerged from "Kuchipudi". Many actors believe that Dashavatara is originally a dance form from Kerala, and they worship a deity of the Walaval region of Kerala. Whatever the source may be, the form was introduced to the Konkan region in the 16th century. The subject of the theft of the 'Vedas' is discussed by the "Sutradhar" (stage manager), 'Brahmin' figures, women actors representing the rivers, actors playing Lord Brahma (the Creator) and Goddess Saraswati (the goddess of learning), and the demon Shankhasur. The overture continues for about two hours, and the proper drama known as "Akhyana" begins after this. The play, concerning itself

DEKHNI
Another form of popular folk dance, the dekhni represents an attractive mixture of folk culture and Western music, danced mostly by Christian girls in fully Indian dress. The gestures in the dance appear to have been borrowed from the Kathak and Bharata Natyam. Dekhni in Konkani language means "bewitching beauty". This song-cum-dance performed only by women to the accompaniment of folk drum "Ghumat", displays a rare blend of Indian and Western cultures. The dance enacts the life of a "Devdasi" (literally meaning servant of God) girl whose job is to perform dance in temples and social ceremonies like weddings. The theme is of a Devdasi girl who comes to a riverbank to take a ferry to reach the other side where she has an appointment to dance in a wedding. She requests the adamant boatman for a favour and is even ready to offer him her golden earring for taking her across urgently. The dance set to western rhythms and Indian melody, is livened up by the conversation between the girl and the boatman in the form of a lilting song, which lingers in the mind for a long time. The dancers carry pantis (small clay lamps with a wick floating in oil) or aartis. Only two or three dekhni songs, composed and scored a long time ago, are present.

DHALO
One of the most popular rural dances, Dhalo is performed by women folk on the moonlit night of Hindu 'Pausha' month. This dance is performed during the week-long festivities are held at night time and the main deities propitiated on the occasion are Mother Earth and Sylvan deity, who are supposed to protect their households. This dance is slow. The songs are in Konkani and Marathi. Normally 12 - 24 women assemble after the dinner at a pre-selected specific spot called 'Mand' in the courtyard of a house in the village. They arrange themselves in 2 parallel rows of 12, facing each other, and in a tribal fashion form a link within themselves with an arm-around-theback arrangement, singing in unison. Normally, two rows of women confront each other by prancing forward and backward while singing the stories of their life and the contemporary society. The songs cover religious and social themes. The dance goes on every night for a week. On the concluding day, women sport all sorts of fancy dresses and even caricature men folk.

DHANGAR
Dhangars, a shepherd community believed to have migrated from Kathiawar region of South Gujarat and settled in the hilly northwestern fringes of Goa, are very pious and worship the God called "Bira Deva". During Navaratri (literally meaning 'nine nights') festival, the leader of the house observes abstinence and fast, takes bath at early hours in the morning, milks his share of lone one cup of milk per day and prays and dances before the family deity. On the tenth day, after a feast, all the families take out their family idols to an open space in the village, called 'Mand' and perform a vigorous session of dance accompanied by song. The dance begins with a slow beat and simple footwork to the accompaniment of Dhol, cymbals and a long flute called 'Pawa'. Their traditional songs centre on the love story of the Hindu God Krishna and his beloved Radha. The Kathiawari-styled white dress and turban in this dance point to their ancestral lineage.

FUGDI
This is a group dance for women, with two major variations: as danced in a circle or by a rows of dancers. Broadly, villages have a dance in a circle but forest settlements have it in rows. A few fixed steps and hand gestures and hand laps are the elements. No instrument or musical accompaniment is found with the dance, but special fugdi songs are innumerable. The songs might be about Puranic stories, family life, complaints, rivalries or people. Fugdis of different types are danced by women at festivals like the Dhalo or Ganesh Chaturthi. A striking variation is the kalashi fugdi before Goddess Mahalakshmi during the vrata (disciplinary observance vowed to some diety) offered to that goddess. This is accompained by no songs, but the dancers carry the large vessels called kalashi or ghagar and blow into them rhythmically as they spin around. Altogether twenty-seven types of fugdi have been found in Goa. A distinctive style of fugdi is found among the Dhangar (shepherd community) women. No songs go with it and the two women join crossed hands and spin around together, bending and swaying to a distinct rhythm. Among the more unusual forms

is the naked fugdi peculiar only to Goa. A woman may vow to some deity that she would dance the naked fugdi in some boon, usually a child to a woman friend, is granted. If a child is born then, on the sixth day from the birth, in the mother's confinement room the naked fugdi is danced behind closed doors.

GHODEMODNI
This folk dance is performed in some parts of the talukas of Goa, which lie near the northern boundaries of Goa. It represents the horse (ghode) mounted cavalier, setting off to war. Ghode Modni (Ghode means horse and Modni means gyrations and dance-like movements) is literally a dance involving horse-like movements. It is a spectacular warriordance commemorating the victory of the Ranes, the Maratha rulers of the Sattari taluka in Goa, over the Portuguese. The costume is like that of a Rajput chieftain but the head dress used is a Peshwai puggree worn by the Maratha rulers. The kshatriya dancers also wear head gears made of colourful flowers, done in full traditional livery, fix at the waist effigy of a wooden horse beautifully bridled and decorated with colourful clothes, and carry ghungurs in the anklets. Holding the bridle in one hand and brandishing a naked sword with the other hand, the dancers move forward and backward to the beat of drums, Dhol, Tasha and Cymbals to recreate the prancing of war horses. Two or eight dancers, fastened inside hobbyhorses below their waist, brandishing swords, execute their war like dance to the beat of the dholak and tasha. There are no accompanying songs. The dancers go as far as the village limits and return while executing this exotic folkdance. The influence behind this seems to be entirely northern. This dance is popular in Bicholim, Pernem and Sattari talukas once ruled by the Marathas. It is mostly performed during the Shigmo festival.

GOFF
Goff is an exotic confluence of colorful cultural strands. The weaving of the plait Goff - represents the quite but conscious assimilation of the impressions left behind by several dynasties, which ruled over Goa during the past centuries. The dance is annually presented by the peasant community

in Canacona, Sanguem and Quepem taluka in the Shigmo festival. It is a folk dance with cords, manifesting joy and happiness of Goan peasants after a bountiful harvest. Each dancer holds a colourful cord hanging at the centre point of the 'mand' and starts dancing intricately with the others, forming a beautiful, colourful, intricate braid at the end of the first movement. The music starts again and the dancers reverse the pattern of dancing so skillfully that the braid gets unravelled and at the end of the second movement, all the cords are loose and single once again. There are 4 different braids of Goff. The songs sung are devoted to Lord Krishna. Ghumat, Simel and other melodic instruments accompany the dance. Goff has an affinity with tribal dance forms of Gujarat.

KUNBI
Kunbis, the earliest settlers of Goa, are a sturdy tribal community mostly settled in Salcete taluka, who though converted to Christianity, still retains the most ancient folk tradition of the land. Their songs and dance belonging to the pre-Portuguese era are uniquely social and not religious. The fast and elegant dance by a group of Kunbi women dancers, wearing traditional yet very simple dresses, lends a colourful touch to this ethnic art form.

MANDO
The Mando is very popular among the Christian community in Goa. In the grandest of traditions, the mando-singer was invited specially on occassion of a wedding or some grand celebration. He would compose special mandos in honour of the bridal couple, whose qualities were described in detail in the mando. Expert musicologists opine that the dhulpad, a part of the mando, with a very quick tempo, came into general use first and the mando with the medium tempo later. The dhulpad was sung simply as a relaxation to the sole accompaniment of the ghumat (traditional Goan percussion instrument); the violin and the guitar which are now regular components were incorporated later. The dhulpad has its roots in Goan folk music and the mando as a whole has evolved and developed from these traditional folk music roots. The mando-dhulpad singing thus has the original nature of folk

songs from Goa but has evolved with the music brought by the Portuguese. The lovely mixture of Goan folk music and Church music that makes up the mando is still very popular in Goa. There is a special Mando festival held every year which attracts a large number of entries from all over the state along with appreciating audiences.

MUSALAM KHEL
It is certain that the Pestle dance came into Goa during the Kadamba dynasty, established in Goa A.D. 980 and 1005. There is a belief that it was first performed before the gate of the fort in their capital of Chandrapur (modern Chandor), in celebration of the victory of the Vijayanagar prince Harihar over the Cholas. The Christians of Chandor keeps up a tradition by performing this kind of dance annually. Their costumes for the occasion are in the Yadavas style. The Shivalinga symbol is brandished and waved in the dance, dancers with burning torches accompany it. At the end of the dance, a devdasi girl dances up with water and brooms and sweeps the ground danced over and smoothens wet clay or cow dung over it. She receives a customary fee. All this is at the main, public location of the dance; but the troupe proceeds, like the mel troupes in the Shigma, to perform in the courtyard of one house after another. They sing a verse that announces the coming of the dance to the house and ask a lamp to be brought out. Though Chandor is almost entirely Christian in population, it retains memories and vestiges from the Hindu regime of the Kadambas, seen on the occasion of the Musalam Khel.

VEERABHADRA
The Veerabhadra is the festival of performance in an entirely South Indian style. One actor is made up to represent Veerabhadra, who according to Hindu mythology, was created from the matted hair of Shiva at the time of devastation of Daksha's sacrifice. He dances with two swords in his hands; two main supporters dance at his side; and a whole group

supports them with dancing and musically timed shouts. The dholak and the tasha (respectively a two sided wooded drum and one sided copper drum played with sticks) are the percussion accompaniments. The costumes are Kannada style and the turbans are Mysore style. The beat is marked during the dance in characteristically southern style with syllables such as tha-thai-ya, thak-thai-ya. Veerabhadra is performed once a year, as a religious observance, in some parts of Ponda district and some of Sanguem. Apart from these Veerabhadra is performed only in Sanquelim. On the night of the observance, the play Dakshakanya Sati is performed and towards the end, as a final part of the play, Veerabhadra enters. As soon as he does the characters run off the stage, leaving the actor to perform.

RANAMALE
This is a form similar to the Ramlila in the north of India. It renders the story of Rama in its particular way. Ranamale does not extend beyond Sattari taluka and some parts of Sanguem taluka Indeed the mass mind does not seem to carry a strong impression of the story of Lord Rama. Apart from songs related to wedding ceremonies, folk songs seems to be full of the story of Krishna, of other tales of the Mahabharata and of Vitthala and Rakhumai. It is said that the episode of Rama's killing the demoness Tratika is rendered in some places, the performances are found nowhere but the the temple of Mhalsa at Mardol. There is a little dancing; there is however, a special dance in a martial mood for battle scenes. The accompaniment is shamel (a wooden percussion instrument) and zanj (a kind of cymbals); occasionally the ghumat is added. The form is thoroughly influenced by the Yakshagana of Karnataka. The Sutradhara enters first; in this form he is called a Bhagavat. Next comes a humorous character called Kodangi; it is traditional for this jester to dance the phugdi. These two characters remain on the stage throughout the performances and the shift properties of the scenes. The costumes are colourful and picturesque. Neither form of khel admits women; females role are played by men made up like women. It is held that the dramatic form of tiyatra (from "theatre") on the Konkani stage today evolved from the khel.

DIVLYAN NACH OR LAMP DANCE

Balancing brass lamps with burning wicks (Divli) on heads while indulging in slow dance movements is another form of entertainment typical to some South Goan villages. The Divlyam Naach re-supposes cohesion of movements on the part of all the members of the group. It calls for tremendous self-discipline. This dance derives its name from brass lamps used in the dance during the Shigmo festival. The accompanying instruments include Ghumat, Shamel, Cymbal and Harmonium. The performers indulge in a slow dancing movement, balancing brass lamps with burning wicks on the head and the hands. The balancing act controlled by tremendous self-discipline and exquisite footwork matching with the rhythms of the traditional folk songs are eye-catching. This group dance is popular in the southern and central Goa.

Music of Goa refers to the music from the state of Goa, on the west coast of India. It has produced a number of prominent musicians and singers for the world of Indian music and Bollywood film. Goa has produced many performers of Hindustani classical music, such as the vocalist Kesarbai Kerkar (18921977). Lata Mangeshkar, noted for her musical contributions to the Indian film industry, is the daughter of a Goan, Dinanath Ganesh Mangeshkar, as is her sister Asha Bhosle. Lorna Cordeiro is one of the most popular Konkani singers in Goa. Goa has become home of one strand of the Trance music scene. TRADITIONAL MUSIC The traditional Goan musical instruments include dhol, mridanga, tabla, ghumat, kasale, madlem, shehnai, surt, tasso, nagado, andtambura. The ghumat is an earthen-ware pot-like vessel made by Goan potters with openings on the two opposite sides, one large and the other small in diameter, with the middle portion much bulging outwards. On the larger opening with the edge conveniently moulded for the fitting, a wet skin of a lizard (lacerta ocelata), known in Konkani as sap or gar, is fully stretched to cover the whole surface of the opening. The ghumat is essential for Hindu festivals, some temple rituals like Suvari vadan, bhivari and mando performances. A madlem is a cylindrical earthen vessel covered at both ends with the skin of a lizard and is mostly played by the Kunbis. The Portuguese brought the piano, the mandolin and the violin to Goa.

Konkani song may be classified in four groups: one which draws on the more pristine form in music and verse, as in the fugdi or thedhalo; the second which blends western and native music but retains Konkani lyrics as in deknnis; the third which blends native and western music as well as language as in dulpod; and the fourth which has a marked influence of western music and lyrics in Konkani with borrowed Portuguese words as in mando. As many as 35 types of Konkani Song have been classified. These include banvarh, deknni, dhalo, dulpod, duvalo, fell song, fughri, kunnbi song, launimm, mando, ovi, palnnam,

talghari, tiatr song, zagor song and zoti. The Christian and Hindu religious song is also a type of its own.

Banvarh is a mourning song, usually sung on the day of cremation by Hindus. Deknni is a song which originated in Bardez, Ilhas and Salcete. Dhalo is a wedding song. Dulpod is a dance song with quick rhythm and themes from everyday Goan life. Duvallo is a pregnancy song. Fell is folk drama with themes from Indian epics or Indian history. It is performed by wandering artists usually after the rains, which start in June and end in August or September. The fell song is a dance song. Fughri is a dance song performed on religious occasions, particularly in honour of the deity Ganesha.

 The Kunnbi, who are probably together with the Gaudde the oldest inhabitants of Goa, belong to the peasant strata. The kunnbi song is a dance song in the fughri style depicting their own life, but also protesting against exploitation and social discrimination in a subtle manner. Launim is a song dealing with religious and legendary themes. Mando is a dance song whose major theme is love, the minor ones being historical narratives, grievance against exploitation and social injustice, and political resistance during the Portuguese presence in Goa. Ovi, which the Portuguese termed as versos, is a song with nuptial themes. It has the Sanskrit root vri which means to choose, to select. The ovi has three rhymed lines and one unrhymed. The former contain each three or four words and the fourth line one, two, and exceptionally three words. The number of syllables is nine for the rhymed lines and four or five for the last line. The early Portuguese Christian missionaries adopted the oviform for liturgical and devotional hymns. Palnnam is a cradle song, a lullaby. Talgarhi is a song of the Gaudde. The theatre song is sung during the stage play, mainly performed by wandering artists during the dry season. They entertain the public while touching on daily life, but also sing subtle satires on local politics and the shortcomings of Goans. Zagor means watch. The zagor song is sung in kunnbi folk plays depicting their own life. They are usually staged at night. * Zoti is sung at nuptials. The Christian and Hindu song for the liturgy and popular devotions is an essential part of Goan daily life. KONKANI LITURGICAL MUSIC Goa has a rich heritage of Konkani liturgical music and hymns. The standard hymnal of the Archdiocese of Goa and Daman is calledGaionancho Jhelo (Garland of hymns) and the

diocese also brings out a periodical sheet music publication of Konkani liturgical hymns a called Devacheam Bhurgeanchim Gitam (Songs of God's children) POP In the area of Western music there are several pop stars, among them Remo Fernandes (born 1953). Goan popular music is generally sung in the Konkani language. Another contributor to Goan music is the Canadian- Goan band Goa Amigos, The band has represented Goa at the largest south Asian festival in North America.

HOME FOR ELECTRONIC MUSIC Goa has become a home for electronic music, especially a style called Goa trance. This genre began its evolution in the late 1960s, when hippies from the United States, United Kingdom and elsewhere turned Goa into a tourist destination. When tourism began to die out, a number of devotees stayed in the area, pursuing a specific style of trance music. Early pioneers included Mark Allen, Goa Gil and Fred Disko. GOA TRANCE Goa Trance (sometimes referred to as Goa or by the number 604) is a form of electronic music that developed around the same time as Trance music became popular in Europe. It originated during the late 1980s and early 1990s in the Indian state of Goa. Essentially, Trance music was pop culture's answer to the Goa Trance music scene on the beaches of Goa where the traveller's music scene has been famous since the time of the Beatles. Goa Trance enjoyed the greater part of its success from around 19941998, and since then has dwindled significantly both in production and consumption, being replaced by its successor, Psychedelic Trance (also known as psytrance). Many of the original Goa Trance artists: Hallucinogen, Slinky Wizard, and Total Eclipse are still making music, but refer to their style of music simply as "PSY". TIP Records, Flying Rhino Records, Dragonfly Records, Transient Records, Phantasm Records, Symbiosis Records, Blue Room Released were all key players on the beach and in the scene.

Goa Trance is closely related to the emergence of Psytrance during the latter half of the 1990s and early 2000s, where the two genres mixed together. In popular culture, the distinction between the two genres often remains largely a matter of opinion (they are considered by some to be synonymous; others say that Psytrance is more "psychedelic/cybernetic" and that Goa Trance is more "organic", and still others maintain that there is a clear difference between the two). If anything, the styles are easier to differentiate in Central and Eastern Europe (e.g. Austria, Hungary, Romania) where Goa Trance parties are more popular than Psy-Trance parties - the opposite being true in the UK, Belgium and Germany. Psy Trance has a noticeably more aggressive bassline and goa tends to avoid the triplet-style bass lines. Between them however, both psy- and goa trance are sonically distinct from other forms of trance in both tonal quality, structure and feel. In many countries they are generally more underground and less commercial than other forms of trance, except for Brazil and Israel, which since the year of 2000 it became both countries most popular type of music for the general party scene. Top DJ's from the UK and other parts of Western Europe fly to Goa for special parties, often on the beaches or in rice paddies. "Shorebar" in Anjuna Beach is traditionally seen as the birthplace and center of the Goan trance scene.

TRADITIONAL CLOTHING FOR MEN AND WOMEN IN GOA

People of Goa wear clothing as per its tropical climate. Cotton costumes are ideal for tropical climate places such as Goa. Therefore, most of the cloths are inspired by the weather and cotton outfits are worn by inhabitants of Goa throughout this southern state of India. During the winter, men and women wear woolen clothes and jacket. The traditional clothing for men and women in Goa is almost similar to other south Indian states. Women like to wear a nine yard sari called as Nav-Vari with stunning jewelleries. There is another traditional costume for females i.e. Pano Bhaju. It looks stunning in women and they love to wear with beautiful ornaments. In accessories, there are so many things to wear for women like leafy loincloths called as Valkal and a wide range of beds. The traditional outfits are considered by tribes like Velip, Gauda, Zalmi, Dhangar and Kunbi. Loincloth is called Kashti worn with a blanket i.e. Kunbi Palloo.

Goa receives the influx of millions of tourists throughout the year as it is famous for its panoramic beaches. Travelers also bring their culture, clothing and other stuff. Hence locals have also influenced by the western clothing. Goans love to mingle with outsiders and wear their costumes too.

GOAN CATHOLICS: Goan Catholics have unique culture, which is a mixture of Indian and Portuguese cultures. Portuguese came to Goa in 1510, and people of Goa adopted the culture of Portuguese but also kept following their traditions, customs and Hindu caste system. The Indo-Latin culture became famous for their outstanding clothing as well. COSTUMES: Goan Catholic women commonly wear dresses/gowns. These are some of the common attires for females. Men put on the bridegroom and suits of western-style. Virgin-white gown is worn by the bride. Modern Goan Catholics usually held a White wedding. Costly outfits are purchased for the wedding day. During festivals like Easter, Good Friday and Christmas, Goan Catholics wear special clothing.

ARTS OF GOA Goan art colorfully illustrates the unity in diversity of Goan heritage. Various art forms pertaining to different religious beliefs and life styles have mingled into one unique identity that has developed into Goan art. Thus one finds Hindu artists chiseling out Christian images in villages and cities. Goan art, developed around religious requirements, represents this process of assimilation, interdependence and mutual acceptability. Goa is a proud place for lovers of Christian art as it houses Asia's first Museum of Christian Art at Rachol Seminary in Salcete Taluka. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation of Lisbon, Portugal has provided funds for the restoration of this treasure-trove of Christian art objects.

CRAFTS OF GOA Goa does not lag behind as far as arts and crafts are concerned and has turned out a good competitor in this creative field just like any other art enriched state of India. It can be said that art virtually runs in their blood, which is manifested, in many artistic crafts that have attained commercial proportions. They make excellent souvenirs for tourists. Goan handicrafts include Creative Pottery, Shell Work, Furniture, Brass Work, Bamboo Work, Papier-Mache, etc.

These items are crafted by professional artisans in their ethnic ambience, and also by artisans working at the arts and crafts complex run by the government. They are sold through various handicraft emporia and all major tourist spots. The art and craft of Goa is the product of the aesthetic blend of Portuguese and Indian cultures. The crafts of the state are intricately beautiful, capturing the fancies of tourists and locals alike. These crafts can be at best described as a mirror of Goa's perennial glory and beauty and they have carved a niche for themselves by winning critical acclaim of the connoisseurs of the art world. Click here for Art and Culture Tours in Goa

MAJOR ART FORMS The major art forms of Goa include bamboo craft, woodcarving, brass metals, seashell craft, Papier-Mache, and wooden lacquer ware. Other important crafts of the state include Jute Macrame, Fabric Collage, Plaster of Paris, Crochet and embroidery, fiber and Batik prints, fiber stone carving, Coconut shell carving, metal embossing, silver and imitation jewelry, cotton dolls, soft toys, woolen tapestry, and artistic weaving.

TYPES OF HANDICRAFTS The major art forms of the state include bamboo craft, woodcarving, brass metals, seashell craft, Papier-Mache, and wooden lacquer ware. Other important crafts of the state include Jute Macrame, Fabric Collage, Plaster of Paris, Crochet and embroidery, fiber and Batik prints, fiber stone carving, Coconut shell carving, metal embossing, silver and imitation jewelry, cotton dolls, soft toys, woolen tapestry, and artistic weaving. Goa is a tourist paradise. It is the place that people visit again and again. Seashell Craft is a popular Goa Handicrafts amongst others. Unique crafts of Goa are liked and preferred by tourists

Like in other states of the country, the range of Goan handicrafts vary. Most of Goas handicrafts are made with the help of materials like clay, seashells, paper, bamboo and brass. The huge influx of tourists in the state helps in flourishing of the handicraft industry in Goa. The art and crafts of Goa present unified artistic amalgamation.

DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF GOA HANDICRAFTS Brass Work Wooden Lacquer - ware Papier Mache Bamboo Craft Terracotta Pottery Woodcarving Seashell Craft Goan tribal art

The Brass Work of Goa is a significant craft of the state. Artisans use brass to mould it and give several forms, designs and shapes to create objects like hanging oil lamp, statue, candle stands, ashtrays and so on. This craft is a very old one, however, it is most famous, simple and beautiful. Wooden Lacquer ware in Goa known as 'wood turning', which is another ancient craft of the state. This craft produces toys, decorative pieces, utility items and so on. Things like corner stands, baby carts, and cradles

Papier Mache, the art of waste paper is also a popular craft of Goa like in many other Indian states. In this craft waste paper is used to make colorful items that are used for daily needs. Things like jewellery boxes, wall hangings, pen stands and flower vases are generally made out of this craft. Bamboo Craft is one of the oldest crafts of Goa. This craft was introduced by artisan of a community who used to make various items for fishermen and farmers with bamboo. Currently, various decorative items were also made out of this craft like pots, baskets, pen stands, and lightweight furniture and letter holders and so on. In Terracotta Pottery, Goan artists produce items such as penholders, decorative flowerpots, floral designs, ashtrays and figurines. This craft is also an age-old craft of the state gong on for years now. The intricate art Woodcarving is an old craft, which has changed form with the changing times. Artists in Goa have kept this form alive by constantly evolving this art. Moreover, in Goa, the influence of eastern and western culture can also be seen in this craft form. Interesting items like photo frames, idols, mirror frames, bookshelves and boxes are created by artists of wood carving in Goa. Being a beach land, Goa is famous for Seashell Craft. Seashells are collected by shell collectors and are given different shapes with design innovations. Items produced by the

craftsmen include chandeliers, lampshades, curtains, coasters, mirror frames, ashtrays and so on.

MANUFACTURERS OF GOA HANDICRAFTS 1. Bansal Handicrafts deals in manufacturing handicraft and handloom items. Address: Near CSM Hotel, Baga Road, Calangute, Goa 2. Persian Arts manufactures handicrafts, handlooms, and other decoration items. Address: H No. 441B, Vaddy, Candolim, Goa

3. Goa Handicrafts manufactures handicrafts and handlooms. Address: Craft Complex, Neogui Nagar, Panaji, Goa Exporters or export industry of Goa handicrafts 1. Crochetgoa is exporter of crochet candles, craft, knitted dresses, paintings, etc. Address: Ganga Nagar, Mapusa, Goa 2. Devsu Ventures is exporter of handicrafts, wooden furniture and so on. Address: 305, Cosmos Centre, Mapusa, Goa 3. Madal Bal Goa Exports Pvt. ltd. exports handicrafts, wooden furniture, textile products, incense, hand crafted textile wall hangings, table runners, cushion covers, lamps, bags Address: Lane 1, St. Mary's Colony, Miramar, Panaji, Goa The Goa handicraft market covers countries like Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Czech Republic, Denmark, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and so on. Looking at the huge demand of Goan crafts in the international market, the government of Goa has also taken serious steps in the recent times to further upgrade the handicraft industry of the state. The government has set Goa Handicrafts, Rural & Small Scale Industries Development Corporation Limited (GHRSSIDC) to

give employment and support to artisans involved in creating these handicrafts.

CHAPORA FORT Situated near the Anjuna beach, the Chapora fort was built by Adil Shah of Bijapur. The fort gives a spectacular view of the sea as it is situated atop a cliff, on the coast of the Anjuna beach. A few ruins here and there give a mystical look to it, though otherwise it has been well preserved. It was given a new dimension when the Portuguese took over and one can see traces of the Portuguese architecture in it.

AGUADA FORT An awe-inspiring edifice, the Aguada fort stands tall among the Portuguese-era forts scattered across Goa. Strategically located at the estuary of the river Mandovi, the Aguada fort is the largest among the lot. Aguada in Portuguese translates to 'water' and the fort has been called so for the spring within the ramparts that provided water supply to the ships that called here arriving after the long sea voyage from Lisbon.

CABO DE RAMA FORT Cabo de Rama Fort has a long history and as the name suggests, it starts with Hindu warriors who constructed it initially and surrendered it to the might of the Portuguese in 1763. The fort which took its name from lord Ram from Ramayan was later renovated by the Portuguese by providing more bastions and citadel. However, the fort fell from grace and was lying in ruins till the State took notice and has prevented any further damage and deterioration of the fort. The fort affords a grand view of the entire length of Colva beach and the Canacona stretch. Some of the turrets of the fort still house the Portuguese cannons

ANJUNA BEACH Jagged laterite boulders welcome you to the land of Goan rave. Enchanting red cliffs kiss the silver white sand beach which is awash with crystal clear waters which splash relentlessly. The coconut plantation roof and plethora of restaurants and food joints offering food choices galore make the Anjuna beach a paradise on Earth. The famous full moon parties which provide an amazing opportunity for the visitors to taste a flavor of Goan entertainment are a big draw and the choice of food and heady mix of free flowing drinks and music is sure to corrupt any noble mind. The laid back attitude of the locals and the fun factor in air makes Anjuna beach trip memorable.

BENAULIM BEACH Benaulim is located 7-km west ofMargoa. It is one of the most tranquil Goan destinations. The best thing about Benaulim is that it is still rather undiscovered by domestic tourists even though it is a fishing beach. Being generally jellyfish-free, it is quite safe for swimming. Though it gets crowded in the evenings and on the weekends, most of the times it is one of the most unperturbed beach destinations in Goa.

MAJORDA BEACH ajorda beach is one of the most renowned and attractive beaches of Goa. The natural beauty, cleanliness maintained, multitude of water sports as well as beach sports available, great food and drinks facilities and health care apart from a great sea shore make the Majorda beach a force to reckon with. The beach also boasts of it's own share of history and mythology wherein Lord Rama is supposed to have visited the beach as a small kid as well as when he started the search for his missing wife Devi Sita. Apart from being a great daytime beach, the Majorda also plays hosts to a numerous rave parties which are an integral part of the evenings of many beaches of Goa.

BOGMALO BEACH gAbout 8km,away from Vasco da Gama,this Goa Bogmalo beach is also situated very close to the airport,hence making it easily reachable.It is a broad, flat and open beach & the least visited beaches. Bogmalos unique look is due to the Cluster of small beach shack restaurants and occasional fishing villages, scattered under the coconut palm.Initially it was a quiet fishing village,but after tourists explored it, tourism started infecting in to this small Indian state of Goa. Bogmalo beach is less crowed but also one of the cleanest beaches.The air of this place is pure , pleasant & tranquil,that is appropriate to calm down our senses.

CANDOLIM BEACH Sitting on a goa beach Candolim is the birth place of Abbe Faria, a Goan Freedom Fighter and the Father of Hypnotism. When we stay at Candolim, we usually book one of the rent-back apartments a stone's throw away from the beach. There is little or no shelter close to the beach, but you can hire out a beach umbrella, sample the good food available at the beach shacks that dot the beach, and sun yourself in solitude. This Goa beach is very popular with package tourists, but is still not too crowded.

DONA PAULA BEACH Dona Paula is 7-km from Panjim and is different from other Goan beaches in the sense that this is one of the beaches thats washed by both the Goan sea and the goan rivers. This beach of Goa carries with it an aura of both romance and myth. It is said to be haunted by lost love of Dona Paula de Menezes. Dona Paula Beach is also house to the Governor of Goa, known as Cabo Raj Bhavan.

STAR CRUISE This luxury cruise liner operates between ex-Mumbai Packages covering Goa, Kochi and Lakshadweep. It has Two vessels- Super Star Libra and Super Star Virgo.Star Cruises is designed to cater & meet with all the needs of their passengers. It offers an impressive lot of facilities, including entertainment & recreational activities & interests.It offers one to a worldclass exclusive floating resort in the high seas,for 4 nights, 2 nights and 1 night, on fixed dates.This journey lets one explore, the places, where everything feels like heavenly bliss.

PEARL OF THE ORIENT Pearl of the Orient is a mixture of natural and cultural heritage cruise cum walking tour.This cruise takes one to the enchanting world, along the river of peace, warmth and tranquility.One can feel the beauty of the endless sights and sounds, the luring beauty of nature.These sights fascinate and captivate the tourists,completely. It operates on every Sunday from 9.30 a.m. to 1.00 p.m.one can take this journey for just Rs. 250/- per person inclusive of snacks and cold drinks disembarking at Old Goa on a pilgrim trail one can visit the world famous heritage monuments like:The Viceroy's Arch, St. Cajetan's Church, Se Cathedral, Convent & Church of St. Francis Of Assisi, Basilica Of Bom Jesus, Tower of St. Augustine, Convent of Santa Monica, Church of Our Lady of Rosary.

BLACKWATER THRILLS One can enjoy the endless sights and sounds of birds as it Cruises along the riverside tip of Dr. Salim Ali's Bird Sanctuary.One can experience the endless sights of thick mangroves, along the river Mandovi. The tourists get to tickle their sense of smell through the spice world, juicy fruits, exotic plants and medicinal herbs at the Savoi Verem Spice Plantation.One of the unforgettable experience is felt after having the typical Goan Hindu Cuisine, served in earthen pots and banana leaves, providing a taste that lingers for a long time.

DOLPHIN FANTASY CRUISE One can watch the dark graceful water beauties in a ever-playful playful mood enchanting the tourists with a rhythmic dance of love. while undergoining this journey Sights of Raj Bhavan, Aguada Fort and Reis Magos and their headlands jutting out can be seen. This journey reminds us of the bygone era of wars and dominance. It is a great way to relax on a hetic Monday morning.

WATER SKIING One of the thrills of the oceans and beaches is the adventure of water skiing. The experience of gliding over the surface of water at high speeds is sure to knock wind out of the lungs and leave one breathless with excitement. Various beaches in Goa cater for Water Skiing viz. Calangute, Mobor, Arossim, Candolim etc. The operators at the beaches provide the equipment required for the activities as well as the training and expertise required to perform the skiing act smoothly without any injury to self. The operators also teach the hand signals as well as the wave pattern to decide the course of action in case of emergencies.

BHAGWAN MAHAVIR WILDLIFE SANCTUARY The Molem village of Goa plays host to the largest wildlife sanctuary in the state, The Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary. Home to a host of wild animals viz. spotted deer, Indian bison, jungle cats, leopards, pythons, cobras and monkeys, the park is one of the major attractions of tourism in Goa. Spread over an area of 240 sq km the park is a wild mix of verdant forests and intermittent tribal settlements. Rare birds such as drongos, cuckoos, minivets and barbets are found in the park and so are a few guests like elephants and tigers who arrive from the adjoining forests of Karnataka during summers.