Chapter #14- Energy: Some Basics 1: How does the energy crisis in Ancient Greece and Rome compare

to the oil crisis today? Explain. The Greeks were running out of trees and they had to import tress from other areas. Energy Basics 2: What is work? Definition and mathematical equation. The production of a forces times a distance, Define the following: * Chemical Energy: energy converted due to gravity * Kinetic Energy: energy in motion * Heat Energy: heat created by friction * Potential Energy: stored energy 3: What is the first law of thermodynamics? The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed. 4: What does it mean to have a higher quality of energy? It can be easier to convert it to work. 5: What is the second law of thermodynamics? Energy always tends to go from a more usable form to a less usable form. Energy Efficiency 6: Define: First-Law Efficiency Deals with the amount of energy without any consideration of the quality or availability of the energy. 7: Define: Second-Law Efficiency It refers to how well matched the energy end use is with the quality of the energy sources. Energy Units 8: What is the fundamental energy unit in the Metric System? How is it defined? It is joules, 1 joule is defined as a force of 1 newton applied over a distance of 1 meter.

9: What is POWER? How is it expressed? Rate of energy use, which is divided by time. 10: What is thermal efficiency? The maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine. 11: What is electrical resistivity? What does it cause? Natural resistance to electric flow, resistance converts some of electric energy in the transmission lines to heat energy. Energy Sources and Consumption 12: What percentage of the energy in the United States is derived from fossil fuels? We use about 90% 13: What percentage of the energy use in the United States is used efficiently? About 30 to 50-60 % Energy Conservation, Increased Efficiency and Cogeneration Define the following: 14: Conservation: Using less energy and adjusting our energy needs and uses to minimize the amount of high-quality energy necessary for given task 15: Cogeneration (define and give an example): Includes a number of processes designed to capture and use waste heat, rather than releasing it into the atmophere. 16: In the United States, space heating and cooling of homes and offices, water heating, industrial processes and automobiles account for nearly ___60___% of the total energy use Building Design 17: What is a passive solar energy system? Give examples. Using window shades to reflect sunlight, which cools the house. 18: What are some ways that older homes can be modified to be more energy efficient? Insulation, caulking, weather stripping, installation of window coverings and storm windows, and regular maintenance. Industrial Energy

19: U.S. Industry consumes about ___1/3____ of the energy produced. Values, Choices and Energy Conservation 20: Name 3 ways that people could modify their behavior to help save energy Taking shorter showers, better insulating your home, and turn off lights when leaving rooms. 21: What is the concept of Integrated, Sustainable Energy Management?

Micropower 22: What is the concept of micropower? Smaller, distributed systems for production of electricity. Critical Thinking Issue: Use of Energy Today and in 2030 23: How much energy in exajoules, did the world use in 2010 and what would you project global energy use to be in 2030? The world averaged about 74 billion joules per person per year. 24: The average person emits as heat 100 watts of power. If we assume that 25% of it is emitted by the brain, how much energy does your brain emit as heat in a year? I think our brain would produce .25 kWh. 25: Can the world supply one-third more energy by 2030 without unacceptable environmental damage? How? Yes, but people would have to reduce 70% of their usage to 50%. 26: In what specific ways could energy be used more efficiently in the United States? More energy efficient light bulbs More solar panels Less lights in houses Shower timer