CONFIDENTIAL

EM/APR 2009/MEC251

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME

THERMODYNAMICS MEC251 APRIL 2009 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. 3. This question paper consists of six (6) questions. Answer five (5) questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) iii) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty a Property Tables Booklet - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages
Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

EM/APR 2009/MEC251

QUESTION 1 a) A gas is compressed reversibiy from 100 kPa, 17 C to a pressure of 0.5 MPa at 77 C in a perfectly thermally insulated cylinder. The work done on the gas during the compression is 45 kJ/kg. Determine the value of cv, R and y. (6 marks) A system consists of 2 kg of nitrogen gas initially at state 1, where P? = 150 kPa, T1 = 47C. The gas is heated at a constant volume to a pressure of 0.45 MPa and then subjected to an expansion which obeys the law pV135= constant, and is then cooled at constant pressure to its original state. By assuming ideal gas model with a constant specific heat cv= 0.720 kJ/kg.K and given R0 = 8.314 kJ/kmol.K and Molar mass of Nitrogen M = 28 kg/kmol. i) ii) iii) Sketch the cycle on a p-V diagram which shows the values of p and V for each State. Determine the total work done (kJ). Heat transfer in constant pressure process (kJ). (14 marks)

b)

QUESTION 2 a) A 0.095 m 3 rigid volume case contains water vapour at 45C with a quality of 0.5. The case is heated until the pressure becomes 50 kPa. Show the process on a p-V diagram and determine; i) ii) the final temperature (C) and the total heat transfer (kJ). (6 marks) b) 1.5 kg of dry saturated Refrigerant 134a vapour initially at 1.40 MPa expands isothermally to a pressure of 0.32 MPa. The refrigerant then undergoes a constant pressure process until the volume is reduced by 50 percent. Show the processes on p-v and T-v diagrams and determine: i) ii) the condition of the refrigerant at the end of the second process and the work and heat energy involved in the second process (kJ). (14 marks)

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

EM/APR 2009/MEC251

QUESTION 3 a) An adiabatic turbine receives air steadily at 1.5 MPa, 350C, and 90 m/s and leaves at 150 kPa, 150C, and 200 m/s. The mass flow rate of the air is 0.23 kg/s. Take c pair = 1.005 kJ/kgK and Rair= 0.287 kJ/kgK Determine; i) ii) the inlet area of the turbine (cm2) and the power output of the turbine (kW). (6 marks) b) Steam at 0.8 MPa, 200C expands adiabatically to 200 kPa in a nozzle with an isentropic efficiency of 90%. The exit area is 500 cm 2 . If the inlet velocity is 40 m/s, Calculate; i) ii) exit velocity (m/s) and mass flow rate (kg/s). (14 marks)

QUESTION 4 Consider a steam power plant that operates on a reheat Rankine cycle. Steam enters the highpressure turbine at 10 MPa and 500C at a rate of 50 kg/s and is then reheated back at 1 MPa and 500C before it expands in the low-pressure turbine. Steam leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid at a pressure of 10 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines. Assuming, both turbines and pump are isentropic, determine; a) b) c) the quality of the steam at the low-pressure turbine exit, the thermal efficiency of the cycle and the net power output of the plant (MW). (20 marks)

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 5

EM/APR 2009/MEC251

A gas turbine unit takes in air at 17C ad 101 kPa and the pressure ratio is 8/1. The high-pressure turbine drives a compressor and the low-pressure turbine drives a separate power shaft. The isentropic efficiencies of the compressor, high-pressure turbine and low-pressure turbine are 0.8, 0.85 and 0.83 respectively. The maximum cycle temperature is 650C. Calculate; a) b) c) the temperature of the gas entering the high-pressure turbine (C), the work ratio of the plant and the cycle efficiency of the plant.

For the compression process, take specific heat value, cp= 1.005 kJ/kg K and y = 1.4. For the combustion process, take specific heat value, cp= 1.15 kJ/kg K and y = 1.333. (20 marks)

QUESTION 6 A four-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine has a bore of 212 mm and stroke of 292 mm. At full load at 720 revolutions per minute, the brake mean effective pressure is 0.593 MPa and the specific fuel consumption is 0.226 kg/kWh. The air-fuel ratio determined by the exhaust gas analysis is 25/1. Atmospheric conditions are at 101 kPa and 15C and the calorific value for the fuel may be taken as 44 200 kJ/kg. Determine; a) b) c) the brake thermal efficiency, the mass flow rate of air (kg/min) and the volumetric efficiency of the engine. (20 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL