Chapter 31 Study Questions

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1. How does Faith Ringgolds media choice address issues of gender and racism in her work? Her quilt, a symbol of traditional values, meant to address the traditional view of African American and women. The characters feel like caricatures of real people. She addresses the question of whether women should really be relegated to quilting and other traditional activities. The narrative on the quilt follows this idea. It speaks of a women relegated to an inferior status, seen as a stereotypical mammy, even though she is a successful business woman.

! 2. In what role does Marisol portray herself in Self-Portrait Looking at the Last Supper? !
As a child Marisol often inflected pain on herself in order to emulate the saints. Much like those times to a lesser extreme, she wanted to be a viewer to Christs Last Supper to feel the same way the saints did when Jesus foretold his death.

! 3. How did the public react to Richard Serra's Tilted Arc as public art? ! ! !

His work, blocking the traffic flow of people, unleashed a storm of protest that caused the government to remove his work. 4. How does Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum located in Bilbao, Spain conform to the Deconstructivist agenda? Deconstructionism attempted to disrupt the conventional expectations of architecture. In the Guggenheim Museum, Gehry designed a building that seems to be collapsing, falling into a sink hole. The irregular shapes and unbalanced forms change dramatically as the viewer changes his or her view point. Especially inside, the form is before function, a reversal of traditional expectations. 5. How does Jenny Holzer respond to Postmodernism?

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Whereas many of the Post-Modernists, a broad movement, rejected the expected principles of art and broke ground with new mediums, Jenny Holzer attempted to use language, which she believed to be a traditional communicative power, to explore her views. She used blunt, authoritative statements to express her feelings about society.

6. Describe the influence and use of modern technologies in the arts of the late twentieth century. How have artists transformed these "tools" into viable art-making processes? Use examples to support your essay (cite, you dont have to post images).

While paintings and architecture have long been the piece de resistance of art, new ways of expressing art began to flourish in the 20th century. For instance, Andrian Pipers Cornered, using a tv with an African American, made provocative statements about racism. Other works, such as Andreas Gurskys Chicago Board of Trade II, used the new methods of manipulating photographs using computer programs to produce a vibrant color. Even digital projection images were molded into sculpture in Tony Ourslers Mansheshe, a startling representation of the human head.