Set 1

Q. A virus is a tiny infectious (a)cell (b)living thing (c)particle (d)nucleic acid

Q. The general steps in the viral multiplication cycle are (a)adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation and release (b)endocytosis, uncoating, replication, assembly and lysis (c)adsorption, uncoating, replication, assembly and budding (d)endocytosis, penetration, replication, maturation and exocytosis

Q. A prophage is an early stage in the development of a\an (a)bacterial virus (b)poxvirus (c)lytic virus (d)enveloped virus

Q. Which of the following is not a sterilization method (a)hot air oven (b)autoclave (c)pasteurization (d)filtration

Q. Typical conditions used for sterilization are (a)100 C for 10 minutes (b)121 C at 15 psi for 15 minutes (c)80 C for 15 minutes (d)72&-176 C for 15 seconds Q. Pasteurization is (a)is the use of heat to sterilize food products (b)is the use of heat to reduce pathogenic spoilage bacteria to a safe level (c)is a process which uses intense cold to kill microorganisms on foods (d)is a process which uses short bursts of radiation to kill microorganisms on foods

Q. A sterile item is free of (a)microbes (b)endospores (c)viruses (d)Both Q. A medium that inhibits the growth of organisms other than the one being sought is termed (a)synthetic medium (b) specific culture medium (c) selective medium (d)enrichment medium

Q. An organism called Bacillus fastidiosus (a)might be expected to be very flexible as to growth requirements (b)might be expected to be very strict as to its growth requirements (c)would probably be grown on a chemically defined media (d)Both

Q. Growth factors are (a)compounds that must be synthesized by the organism (b)compounds that must be provided to the organism (c)physical factors such as temperature (d)inorganic molecules Q. The prefix photo- indicates that an organism will make use of (a)chemicals (b)organics (c)light (d)inorganics

Q. High concentrations of salt and sugar in foods (a)are useful in preserving the food (b)tend to draw water out of a cell (c)tends to force water into a cell, causing plasmolysis (d)A and B Q. Mycobacterium lepre is typically found infecting the ears, toes and fingers of its hosts due to its (a)requirements for well-oxygenated blood (b)easy access to those parts (c)need for cooler temperatures (d)long incubation period Q. Organisms that are indifferent to the presence of oxygen and do not use it are (a)aerotolerant anaerobes (b)facultative anaerobes (c)obligate aerobes (d)microaerophiles

Q. Bacteria on fish caught in the Arctic Ocean would (a)be psychrophiles (b)be mesophiles (c)continue to grow while the fish is in the refrigerator (d)A and C

Q. The optimal temperature for most human pathogens might be expected to range from (a)35 to 40 C (b)20 to 45 C (c)15 to 25 C (d)93 to 98.6 C Q. A hot tub would most likely contain (a)psychrophiles (b)partiers (c)thermophiles (d)mesophiles

Q. In the growth curve of a bacterial population, the bacteria are rapidly increasing in number in the (a)lag phase (b)exponential log phase (c)stationary phase (d)decline phase

Q. Prokaryotic cells divide by a process known as (a)conjugation (b)mitosis (c)binary fusion

(d)binary fission Q. The solidifying agent used most successfully in bacterial nutrition media is (a)gelatin (b)peptone (c)agar (d)starch

Q. The simplest technique for isolating bacteria in growth media is referred to as the (a)pour plate method (b)streak plate method (c)serial dilution method (d)MPN method Q. In order for a colony to be visible to the naked eye, about how many cells must be present? (a)1,000,000 (b)100,000 (c)10,000 (d)1,000

Set 2
Q. The correct sequence for the viral life cycle is: (a)attachment, biosynthesis, penetration, maturation, release (b)penetration, biosynthesis, attachment, maturation, release (c)attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release (d)biosynthesis, attachment, penetration, maturation, release Q. Which of the following are true about viruses? (a)they are not composed of cells (b)as virions they cannot metabolize nutrients (c)they alone cannot reproduce themselves (d)all of the above

Q. A typical growth curve consists of 4 phases. Which is the correct sequence? (a)exponential, lag, stationary, death (b)lag, exponential, stationary, death (c)stationary, exponential, lag, death (d)lag, stationary, exponential, death

Q. Which of the following are reservoirs for human infection (a)food and water (b)humans (c)animals (d)all of the above

Q. Ethanol is one of the most commonly used disinfectants. Which concentration of ethanol is most effective for this purpose? (a)100% (b)70% (c)50% (d)30%

Q. Protective mechanisms used by bacteria to survive in the host may be (a)capsules (b)M protein (c)various enzymes (d)all of the above

Q. What organism is considered an index of fecal pollution of drinking water supplies? (a)Rota Virus (b)E. coli (c)Salmonella spp. (d)Hepatitis E virus Q. Pili/fimbrae are thin short appendages extruding from the cytoplasmic membrane of certain bacteria. These pili/fimbrae are involved in (a)movement (b)attachment (c)DNA transfer (d)b and c

Q. Which of the following drug is used to treat fungal infections? (a)erythromycin (b)penicillin (c)amphotericin B (d)Quinine

Q. Gene transfer that requires cell to cell contact is (a)transformation (b)competency (c)conjugation (d)functional genomics Q. In conjugation, the donor cell is recognized by the presence of (a)an F plasmid (b)a Y chromosome (c)diploid chromosomes (d)an SOS response

Q. Helminthes parasites reproduce with (a)spores (b) eggs and sperm (c)mitosis (d)cysts Q. All protozoa have (a) locomotor organelle (b)a cyst stage (c)pellicle (d)feeding structure

Q. All algae have some type of (a)spore (b)chlorophyll (c)locomotors organelle (d)cyst stage

Q. The cell wall is often found in which Eukaryotes? (a)Fungi (b)Algae (c)Protozoa (d)a and b

Q. The protozoan trophozoite is the (a)active feeding stage (b)inactive dormant stage (c)infective stage (d)spore-forming stage