Prof.

: Jaime Santo Domingo Santillana

E.P.S.-Zamora (U.SAL.) - 2008

Tema 3 : CUERPO ELSTICO
LP
LE
LF
i
LF
f
LR


O
F
Problemas resueltos
3.1.-En el estado de tensiones plano representado en la figura, se pide determinar:
1) Las deformaciones principales y sus direcciones.
2) Las deformaciones unitarias longitudinal y angular de los elementos lineales: OE y
OD, definidos respectivamente por sus vectores unitarios: u
OE
(1/ 2, 1/ 2, 0),
u
OD
(1/ 3, 1/ 3, 1/ 3).
Datos: E = 2,1.10
5
N/mm
2
, G = 81000 N/mm
2


















Las componentes del estado de tensiones en el punto O son:

2 2 2
100 / 60 / 0 40 / 0 0
x y z xy yz zx
N mm N mm N mm = = = = = =

Las componentes del estado de deformaciones en el punto O se obtendrn a partir de la
ley de Hooke generalizada:

4
5 5
4
5 5
4
5 5
100 60
. 0, 3. 5, 62.10
2,1.10 2,1.10
60 100
. 0, 3. 4, 28.10
2,1.10 2,1.10
100 60
. 0, 3. 0, 57.10
2,1.10 2,1.10
y
x z
x
y
x z
y
y
x z
x
xy
E E E
E E E
E E E

| | | |
= + = =
| |
\ \
| | | |
= + = =
| |
\ \
| | | |
= + = + =
| |
\ \
=
4
5
40
4, 94.10
81000
0
0
2,1.10
siendo: 81000 0, 3
2.(1 ) 2.(1 )
xy
yz
yz
zx
zx
G
G
G
E
G

= =
= =
= =
= = =
+ +



60 N/mm
2
40 N/mm
2

100 N/mm
2

x
O
D
E
y
z
1.-Deformaciones principales:
4
4
4
4
4
4, 94.10
5, 62.10 0
2 2 2
4, 94.10
0 4, 28.10 0 0
2 2 2
0 0 0, 57.10
2 2
yx
zx
x
xy zy
y
yz
xz
z

= =

Resolviendo la ecuacin de tercer grado resultante de desarrollar el determinante, se
obtienen los siguientes valores para las deformaciones principales:

4 4 4
1 2 3
0, 57.10 6, 2.10 4, 86.10

= = =

Direcciones principales:

2 2 2
4
i 2
4 4
2
( ).cos .cos .cos 0
2 2
.cos ( ).cos .cos 0
2 2
.cos .cos ( ).cos 0
2 2
cos cos cos 1
resolviendo para 6, 2.10
4, 94.10
(5, 62.10 6, 2.10 ).cos
yx
zx
x i i i i
xy zy
i y i i i
yz
xz
i i z i i
i i i

+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
= =
+
4
2
2 2
4
4 4
2 2
4 4
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
.cos 0
2
cos cos 4, 24.
4, 94.10
.cos ( 4, 28.10 6, 2.10 ).cos 0
2
( 0, 57.10 6, 2.10 ).cos 0 cos 0
cos cos cos 1 (4, 24. ) 0 1 0, 229
t t
t t t

= =
`

+ =

)
= =
+ + = + + = =

2 2 2
4
i 1 1 1 1
4
i 3 3 3 3
tomando t = +0,229 cos 0, 974 cos 0, 974 cos 0, 974
resolviendo para 0, 57.10 cos 0 cos 0 cos 1
resolviendo para 4,86.10 cos 0, 23 cos 0, 973 cos 0

= = =
= = = = =
= = = = =

4
4
4
1 1
2.-Deformacin longitudinal y angular en la direccin , , 0
2 2
4, 94.10
5, 62.10 0
2 2 2
cos
4, 94.10
. cos 4, 28.
2 2 2
cos
2 2
OE
yx
zx
x
x
xy zy
y y
z
yz
xz
z
u

| |
|
\
(
(
(
( (
(
( (
= =
(
( (
(
( (

(
(

4
4
4
4
4 4 2 2 2 4
4 4 4
1
2
1
10 0 .
2
0 0 0, 57.10
0
5, 72.10
1, 28.10
0
5, 52.10 . 1, 28.10 . 5, 86.10
1 1
. 3,14.10 . 3,14.10 .( . . ) 2, 22.10
2 2
x y z
i j
u u i j

( (
( (
( (
( (
=
(
(
(
(

( (
( (

(
(
=
(
(

= = + + =
= = = = + =



4
4 4
2 2 2
4 2 2 4
. 2, 22.10 .
3, 5.10 . 3, 5.10 .
2
4, 95.10 o bien: 4, 95.10
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
2. Deformacin longitudinal y angular en la direccin , ,
3 3 3
x y z
OD
i j
i j
rad rad
u

+
= =
| | | | | |
= + + = = =
| | |
\ \ \
|

4
4
4
4
4
1 4, 94.10
5, 62.10 0
2 2 2 3
cos
4, 94.10 1
. cos 4, 28.10 0 .
2 2 2 3
cos
0 0 0, 57.10
1
2 2
3
4, 67.10
yx
zx
x
x
xy zy
y y
z
yz
xz
z

|
|
\
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
( (
( ( (
( (
= = =
( ( (
( (
( ( (
( (


( ( (
( ( (

=
4
4
4
4 4 4 2 2 2 4
4 4 4
4 4
1, 04.10
0, 33.10
4, 67.10 . 1, 04.10 . 0, 33.10 . 4, 79.10
1 1 1
. 1, 9.10 . 1, 9.10 .( . . . ) 1,1.10 .( )
3 3 3
3, 57.10 . 2,14.10 .
2
x y z
i j k
u u i j k i j k
i

(
(

(
(

= = + + =
= = = = + + = + +
= =

4
2 2 2
4 2 2 4
1, 43.10 .
4, 4.10 o bien: 4, 4.10
2 2 2 2 2
x y z
j k
rad rad

| | | | | |
= + + = = =
| | |
\ \ \