Acropora

(EOCENE--
RECENT)
Arellia
(Holocene)
1.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (SCLERACTINIA)
"Staghorn Coral" Ramose hermatypic colonie,
coenosteum light weight, porous, generally
spinose or striate on surface, calyx has septa
inserted in just 2 cycles. NO COLUMELLA.
2.
CLASS SCHYPHOZOA
Living jellyfish, Look for mouth, tentacles,
ectoderm, endoderm, mesoglea, four-pouched
enteron, oral side, aboral side, and four fold
radial symmetry.
Astrangia
(MIDDLE
CRETACEOUS-
RECENT)
Aulopora
(ORDOVICIAN-
-PERMIAN)
3.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (SCLERACTINIA)
Corallum compound. Encrusting to
massive. no hermatypic. Plocoid (Corallites
have separate, elevated walls,
connected/separated by narrow intervening
layer of coenosteum.) calyces nearly flat or
slightly
elevated; septa dentate; columella with
papillate texture.
This is the only coral that lives in the sandy,
near-shore
zone of the Northwest Gulf of Mexico. Why
is this a
difficult environment for corals (three
reasons)?
4.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (TABULATA)
Small, colonial corallum, consisting of an
open network of small, low, trumpet-shaped
corallites, encrusting on another organism,
usually a brachiopod.
Phylum Cnidaria (Adam)
Study online at quizlet.com/_8fkon
CANINIA
(CARBONIFEROUS-
-PERMIAN)
CLASS ANTHOZOA
(MIDDLE
ORDOVICIAN--
Recent)
Conularia (UPPER
CAMBRIAN-
PERMIAN)
5.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (RUGOSA)
"Dog tooth coral"
Large solitary, conical to cylindrical,
straight or curved corallum, deep bowl
shaped calyx w/ numerous septa and
wide axial fossula (little hole) WELL
DEVELOPED dissepimentarium with
NUMEROUS dissepiments. Tabulae
complete. Thin epitheca
6. NO medusoid generation. Digestive
cavity partitioned by radial
mesenteries. Includes the hard corals,
soft corals, and many kinds of
anemones.
7.
Steep sided, pyramidal,
chitinphosphatic cone. Closed spaced
transverse ribs. Longitudinal groove
along midline of each face, corners
indented by longitudinal furrows
(longitudinal grooves)
DIPLORIA
(UPPER
CRETACEOUS--
RECENT)
Endopachys
(EOCENE--
RECENT)
Favosites (UPPER
ORDOVICIAN--
MIDDLE
DEVONIAN)
8.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (SCLERACTINIA)
"Brain Coral"
9.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (SCLERACTINIA)
Corallum small, solitary, compressed,
wedge-shaped with
lateral wings and rounded keel-like
base; free-living ;
epitheca porous; calyx elongate with
parallel margins,
septa arranged in branching pattern;
columella narrow,
elongate, spongy.
10.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (TABULATA)
"Honeycomb coral" Massive cerioid
corallum. Corallum thin walled,
polygonal corallites with mural pores
and tabulae.
Gorgonia
(HOLOCENE)
11.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (OCTOCORALLIA)
"Purple Sea Fan"
Horny axis (core); thick rind of close-packed
spicules.
Colony fan-shaped, with branches located in
one plane,
anastomosing or reticulate.
The purple color is a pigment (organic
compound).
Planar, anastomosing (Dividing and
merging again, like channels of a braided
stream) or reticulate, fan-like colony form
has evolved independently in many unrelated
taxa,
providing many examples of convergent
evolution. Can
you think of two other examples? [Hint: you
will see
them in the Ectoprocta and Graptolithina
exercises.]
What functional advantage is provided by
this colonial
growth form? Hint: Where do they live, and
how do they
feed?
Halysites
(SILURIAN)
Heliophyllum
(LOWER TO
MIDDLE
DEVONIAN)
12.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (TABULATA)
"Chain Coral"
Long cylindrical corallites united along their
length to form interconnecting palisades
(upright blades aligned linearly, like a picket
fence) No Mural pores.
13.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (RUGOSA)
Large solitary horn coral. Prominently
wrinkled epitheca, septal grooves, broach
dissepimentarium, deep bowl shaped calyx,
septa with yard arm carinae
Lithostrotionella
(MISSISSIPPIAN)
Lophophyllidium
(PENNSYLVANIAN-
PERMIAN)
14.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (RUGOSA)
Corallum compound. large, massive
cerioid (Colonial coral with complete
walls btwn closely packed adjacent
corallites) Calyx polyogonal with
short septa. Broad axial fossula
surrounded by dissepimentarium.
Sharply domed tabulae produce an
axial structure (elevated as volcano
like peak)
15.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (RUGOSA)
Small, slender solitary horn coral.
Long septa reaching axis and fusing
to form a complex, large, axial
columella rising above the calyx (like
a tongue) No dissepiments, epitheca
with septal grooves. Tabulae
horizontal, broadly domed.
Microcyclus
(MIDDLE
DEVONIAN)
Millepora
(PALEOCENE-
-HOLOCENE)
Pachyphyllum
(UPPER
DEVONIAN)
16.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (RUGOSA)
Solitary, small, discoidal, button like
corallum. No tablua no axial structure.
17.
CLASS HYDROZOA
Branching or encrusting, calcareous
skeletons. Dimorphic polyps of two kinds
(gastrozooids and dactylozooids) Live in
tubular cavities of two sizes. Gastropores
and Dactylopores, both with tabulae,
separated by finely porous coenosteum.
18.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (RUGOSA)
Corallum compound, large massive
astraeoid (corallites close packed w/o
intervening walls separating neighboring
corallites, continuous septa from corallite
calyx to the next) Broad marginal
dissepimentarium. Within fossula domed
tabulae produce a small axial structure
(elevated like a volcano peak)
Porites (EOCENE--
RECENT)
Streptelasma
(MIDDLE
ORDOVICIAN)
19.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (SCLERACTINIA)
Corralum compound (colonial), hermatypic (Reef or mound building. Corallites small with two cycles of
septal insertion. Look for evidence for associated encrusting and boring animals.
20.
CLASS ANTHOZOA (RUGOSA)
Simple solitary horn coral. Numerous septa. No columella, no dissepiments, thick epitheca with septal
grooves. Tabluae is complete.