Evidence Handbook

Lambda Epsilon Xi DVOREF College of Law

TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE
DISQUALIFICATIONS
MENTAL INCAPACITY /
IMMATURITY
MARITAL
DISQUALI-
FICATION
DEAD
MANS
STATUTE
PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATION
PRIVILEGED
MARITAL
COMM.
ATTORNEY
OR HIS
EMPLOYEE
PHYSICIAN MINISTER /
PRIEST
PUBLIC
OFFICER
PERSONS
DISQUALIFIED
Those whose
mental condition
at the time o!
thei" #"od$ction
!o" e%amination
is s$ch that the&
a"e inca#a'le o!
intelli(entl&
ma)in( )nown
thei" #e"ce#tion
Child"en whose
mental mat$"it&
is s$ch as to
"ende" them
inca#a'le o!
#e"cei*in( the
!acts "es#ectin(
which the& a"e
e%amined and o!
"elatin( them
t"$th!$ll&
S#o$ses with
"e(a"d to
testimon& !o" o"
a(ainst the othe"
s#o$se witho$t
his + he" consent
Pa"ties o"
assi(no"s o!
#a"ties to a case
o" #e"sons in
whose 'ehal! a
case is
#"osec$ted
a(ainst an
e%ec$to" o"
administ"ato" o"
othe"
"e#"esentati*e o!
a deceased
#e"son o"
a(ainst a #e"son
o! $nso$nd mind
S#o$ses Atto"ne& o" his
sec"eta"&
steno("a#he" o"
cle")
A #e"son
a$tho"i,ed to
#"actice
medicine
s$"(e"& o"
o'stet"ics
Ministe" + #"iest P$'lic o!!ice"
REQUISITES -./ S#o$ses a"e
le(all& ma""ied0
-1/ The com2
m$nication was
con!idential0
-3/ It was made
d$"in( the
ma""ia(e0
-./ Atto"ne&2
client "elation
-1/ Comm$nica2
tion '& client to
atto"ne& in the
co$"se o! o" with
a *iew to #"o2
!essional
em#lo&ment
-./ Ci*il case
-1/ Ph&sician2
#atient "elation
-3/ Ad*ice o"
t"eatment (i*en
o" in!o"mation
ac4$i"ed d$"in(
co$"se o!
#"o!essional d$t&
-./ Comm$nica2
tion made to
#$'lic o!!ice"
-1/ Comm$nica2
tion made in
o!!icial
con!idence
-3/ P$'lic
inte"est wo$ld
Evidence Handbook
Lambda Epsilon Xi DVOREF College of Law
-5/ In!o"mation
was necessa"&
!o" #e"!o"mance
o! #"o!essional
d$t&
-6/ The disclo2
s$"e wo$ld tend
to 'lac)en the
#atient7s
"e#$tation
s$!!e" '& the
disclos$"e o! the
comm$nication
PERIOD OF
DISQUALIFI2
CATION
D$"in( the
ma""ia(e
D$"in( o" a!te"
the ma""ia(e
D$"in( his te"m
o! o!!ice o"
a!te"wa"ds
SCOPE OF
DISQUALIFI2
CATION
An& matte" o!
!act occ$""in(
'e!o"e the death
o! s$ch
deceased
#e"son o" 'e!o"e
s$ch #e"son
'ecome o!
$nso$nd mind
An& comm$nica2
tion "ecei*ed in
con!idence
d$"in( the
ma""ia(e
An& comm$2
nication made '&
the client to the
atto"ne& o" his
ad*ice (i*en
the"eon in the
co$"se o! o" with
a *iew to
#"o!essional
em#lo&ment8 o"
an& !act the
)nowled(e o!
which was
ac4$i"ed '& the
cle") steno("a2
#he" o" sec"eta"&
in his ca#acit& as
s$ch
An& ad*ice o"
t"eatment (i*en
'& him o" an&
in!o"mation
which he ma&
ha*e ac4$i"ed in
attendin( s$ch
#atient in a
#"o!essional
ca#acit& which
in!o"mation was
necessa"& to
ena'le him to act
in that ca#acit&
An& con!ession
made to o" an&
ad*ice (i*en '&
him in his
#"o!essional
cha"acte" in the
co$"se o!
disci#line
en9oined '& his
ch$"ch
Comm$nications
made to him in
o!!icial
con!idence
E:CEPTIONS -./ Ci*il case '&
one a(ainst the
othe"8
-1/ C"iminal
case !o" c"ime
committed '&
one a(ainst the
othe" o" the
latte";s di"ect
-./ Ci*il case '&
One a(ainst the
othe"8
-1/ C"iminal
Case !o" c"ime
committed '&
one a(ainst the
othe" o" the
latte";s di"ect
Evidence Handbook
Lambda Epsilon Xi DVOREF College of Law
descendants +
ascendants
descendants +
ascendants
<O=
DISQUALIFIC2
ATION CURED
Consent o! the
s#o$se
Consent o! the
s#o$se
Consent o! the
client
Consent o! the
#atient
Consent o! the
#e"son ma)in(
con!ession
=<O MA>
INVO?E +
O@AECT
Client Patient
MA> IT @E
=AIVEDB
>es '& !ail$"e to
ma)e a timel&
o'9ection0
>es >es
=<EN TO @E
O@AECTED TO
@e!o"e the
answe" to the
4$estion !o" its
"e*elation
Evidence Handbook
Lambda Epsilon Xi DVOREF College of Law
EXCEPTIONS TO THE HEARSAY RULE:
(1) DYING DECLARATION
Requisites: -./ Death is imminent and decla"ant is conscio$s o! that !act0
-1/ The #"elimina"& !acts which '"in( the decla"ation within its sco#e
m$st 'e made to a##ea"0
-3/ The decla"ation "elates to the !acts o" ci"c$mstances #e"tainin( to the
!atal in9$"& o" death0
-5/ Decla"ant wo$ld ha*e 'een com#etent to testi!& had he s$"*i*ed0
() DECLARATION AGAINST INTEREST
Requisites: -./ Decla"ant m$st 'e deceased o" $na'le to testi!&0
-1/ The decla"ation m$st conce"n a !act co(ni,a'le '& decla"ant0
3 -3/ The ci"c$mstances m$st "ende" it im#"o'a'le that a moti*e to !alsi!&
3 e%isted0
Admissible against: -./ Decla"ant8
-1/ Decla"ant;s s$ccesso"s2in2inte"est8
-3/ Thi"d #e"sons
(!) ACT OR DECLARATION ABOUT PEDIGREE
PEDICREED histo"& o! !amil& descent which is t"ansmitted !"om one (ene"ation to
anothe" '& 'oth o"al and w"itten decla"ations and '& t"aditions0
Requisites: -./ Decla"ant is dead o" $na'le to testi!&0
-1/ Necessit& that #edi("ee 'e in iss$e0
-3/ Decla"ant m$st 'e a "elati*e o! the #e"son whose #edi("ee is in
4$estion0
-5/ Decla"ation m$st 'e made 'e!o"e the cont"o*e"s& occ$""ed0
-6/ The "elationshi# 'etween the decla"ant and the #e"son whose
#edi("ee is in 4$estion m$st 'e shown '& e*idence othe" than s$ch
act o" decla"ation0
(") FAMILY REPUTATION OR TRADITION REGARDING PEDIGREE
RequisitesD -./ The"e is cont"o*e"s& in "es#ect to the #edi("ee o! an& mem'e"s o! a
!amil&0
-1/ The "e#$tation o" t"adition o! the #edi("ee o! the #e"son conce"ned
e%isted #"e*io$s to the cont"o*e"s&0
-3/ The witness testi!&in( to the "e#$tation o" t"adition "e(a"din( the
#edi("ee o! the #e"son conce"ned m$st 'e a mem'e" o! the !amil& o!
said #e"son eithe" '& consan($init& o" a!!init&0
(#) COMMON REPUTATION
Mattes t!at ma" be establis!ed b" #ommon eputation:
-./ Facts o! #$'lic o" (ene"al inte"est mo"e than 3E &ea"s old8
-1/ Ma""ia(e and "elated !acts8
-3/ Indi*id$al mo"al cha"acte"0
Requisites: -./ The !acts m$st 'e o! #$'lic o" (ene"al inte"est and mo"e than 3E
&ea"s old0
-1/ The common "e#$tation m$st ha*e 'een ancient i0e0 3E &ea"s o" one
(ene"ation old0
-3/ The "e#$tation m$st ha*e 'een one !o"med amon( a class o! #e"sons
who we"e in a #osition to ha*e some so$"ces o! in!o"mation and to
cont"i'$te intelli(entl& to the !o"mation o! the o#inion0
Evidence Handbook
Lambda Epsilon Xi DVOREF College of Law
-5/ The common "e#$tation m$st ha*e 'een e%istin( #"io" to the
cont"o*e"s&0
($) PART OF THE RES GESTAE
-a/ $pontaneous statements % statements o" e%clamations made immediatel& a!te"
some e%citin( occasion '& a #a"tici#ant o"
s#ectato" and asse"tin( the ci"c$mstances o! that
occasion as it is o'se"*ed '& him0
Requisites: -./ The"e m$st 'e a sta"tlin( occ$""ence0
-1/ The statement m$st "elate to the ci"c$mstances o! the sta"tlin(
occ$""ence0
-3/ The statement m$st 'e s#ontaneo$s0
-'/ Vebal A#ts % $tte"ances which accom#an& some act o" cond$ct to which it is
desi"ed to (i*e a le(al e!!ect0
Requisites: -./ The act o" occ$""ence m$st 'e e4$i*ocal0
-1/ Ve"'al acts cha"acte"i,e o" e%#lain the e4$i*ocal act0
-3/ E4$i*ocal act m$st 'e "ele*ant to the iss$e0
-5/ Ve"'al acts m$st 'e contem#o"aneo$s with e4$i*ocal act0
(%) ENTRIES IN THE COURSE OF BUSINESS
Requisites: -./ Ent"ies m$st ha*e 'een made at o" nea" the time o! the t"ansaction to
which the& "e!e"0
-1/ Ent"ant m$st ha*e 'een in a #osition to )now the !acts stated in the
ent"ies0
-3/ Ent"ies m$st ha*e 'een made '& ent"ant in his #"o!essional ca#acit&
o" in the #e"!o"mance o! his d$t&0
-5/ Ent"ies we"e made in the o"dina"& o" "e($la" co$"se o! '$siness o"
d$ties0
-6/ Ent"ant m$st 'e deceased o" $na'le to testi!&0
(&) ENTRIES IN OFFICIAL RECORDS
(') COMMERCIAL LISTS AND THE LI(E
(1)) LEARNED TREATISES
(11) TESTIMONY OR DEPOSITION AT A FORMER PROCEEDING
AUTHENTICATION AND PROOF OF DOCUMENTS
When is evidence of the authenticity of a private document not necessary?
=hen the doc$ment isD
-./ mo"e than 3E &ea"s old
-1/ #"od$ced !"om a c$stod& in which it wo$ld nat$"all& 'e !o$nd i! (en$ine and
-3/ $n'lemished '& an& alte"ations o" ci"c$mstances o! s$s#icion0 -R$le .31 Sec0
1./
How may the genuineness of handwriting be proved?
-./ It ma& 'e #"o*ed '& an& witness who 'elie*es it to 'e the handw"itin( o! s$ch
#e"son 'eca$seD
-a/ he has seen the #e"son w"ite o"
-'/ he has seen w"itin( #$"#o"tin( to 'e his $#on which the witness has acted o"
'een cha"(ed
Evidence Handbook
Lambda Epsilon Xi DVOREF College of Law
and has th$s ac4$i"ed )nowled(e o! the handw"itin( o! s$ch #e"son0
-1/ It ma& also 'e #"o*ed '& wa& o! com#a"ison made '&D
-a/ the witness8 o"
-'/ the co$"t
with w"itin(s admitted o" t"eated as (en$ine '& the #a"t& a(ainst whom the
e*idence is o!!e"ed o" #"o*ed to 'e (en$ine to the satis!action o! the 9$d(e0
-R$le .31 Sec0 11/
How may official records be proved?
-./ @& an o!!icial #$'lication the"eo!8 o"
-1/ @& a co#& attested '& the o!!ice" ha*in( the le(al c$stod& o! the "eco"d o" '& his
de#$t&0
&oteD I! the "eco"d is not )e#t in the Phili##ines the attestation m$st 'e
accom#anied with a ce"ti!icate that s$ch o!!ice" has the c$stod&0
I! the o!!ice in which the "eco"d is )e#t is in a !o"ei(n co$nt"& the ce"ti!icate ma&
'e made '&D
-./ sec"eta"& o! the em'ass& o" le(ation8
-1/ cons$l2(ene"al8
-3/ cons$l8
-5/ *ice2cons$l8
-6/ cons$la" a(ent8 o"
-F/ an& o!!ice" o! the !o"ei(n se"*ice o! the Phili##ines stationed in the
!o"ei(n co$nt"& in which the "eco"d is )e#t0
In all these cases the ce"ti!ication m$st 'e a$thenticated '& the seal o! his o!!ice0
-R$le .31 Sec0 15/
How may a judicial record be impeached?
@& e*idence o!D
-./ want o! 9$"isdiction in the co$"t o" 9$dicial o!!ice"8
-1/ coll$sion 'etween the #a"ties8 o"
-3/ !"a$d in the #a"t& o!!e"in( the "eco"d in "es#ect to the #"oceedin(s0
-R$le .31 Sec0 1G/
How must alterations be accounted for?
The #a"t& #"od$cin( a doc$ment as (en$ine ma& show that the alte"ationD
-./ was made '& anothe" witho$t his conc$""ence8 o"
-1/ was made with the consent o! the #a"ties a!!ected '& it8 o"
-3/ was othe"wise #"o#e"l& o" innocentl& made o"
-5/ did not chan(e the meanin( o" lan($a(e o! the inst"$ment0
What is the effect of failure to explain alterations in a document?
The doc$ment shall not 'e admissi'le in e*idence0