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Experiment No.

10
AIM :- To standardize the given 0.1N NaOH sol. Using standard sol. of Oxalic
Acid.
OBJECTIVE:- Prepare a standard solution. Select an appropriate indicator for an
acid base titration
Determine the concentration of acid in an unknown solution using a primary
standard
CONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANCE:- At the neutralization point (or equivalence
point: the point when all the liberated OH- have been converted to H2O) the
solution will be slightly acidic (pH ~ 4.8; the actual pH depending on volumes and
amounts used). The indicator used to identify the strong base-strong acid
equivalence point must therefore change colour over the pH range 4.8 1.
APPARATUS & CHEMICALS
Conical flask, Volumetric flask, 10ml pippet, burette, funnel etc. 0.1N NaOH sol.
Phenophthalein Indicator, 0.1N Oxalic Acid sol.



DIAGRAM:-

INDICATOR:-Phenophthalein
END POINT:-Pink colour disappears.
THEORY:- Borax (Na
2
B
4
O
7
.10H
2
O) can be used as a primary standard since it
does not decompose under normal storage, it is readily obtained in a very pure
form (99.999% purity), it reacts with a known stoichiometry and can be weighed
and used directly.

Inwater,thesaltdissociates:
Na
2
B
4
O
7
.10H
2
O2Na
+
+B
4
O
7
2-
+10H
2
O
andtheanionishydrolysed:

B
4
O
7
2-
+7H
2
O4H
3
BO
3
+2OH-

The liberated hydroxide ions can be titrated with a strong acid and at the point of
their neutralization, the solution in the flask will contain the very weak acid
H
3
BO
3
, which will dissociate according to:

H
3
BO
3
+H
2
O H
2
BO
3
-
+H
3
O
+
. Ka = 5.8 x 10
-10
.

Thus at the neutralization point (or equivalence point: the point when all the
liberated OH- have been converted to H2O) the solution will be slightly acidic (pH
~ 4.8; the actual pH depending on volumes and amounts used). The indicator used
to identify the strong base-strong acid equivalence point must therefore change
colour over the pH range 4.8 1.
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS:-
Na
2
B
4
O
7
.10H
2
O2Na
+
+B
4
O
7
2-
+10H
2
O
B
4
O
7
2-
+7H
2
O4H
3
BO
3
+2OH-
H
3
BO
3
+H
2
OH
2
BO
3
-
+H
3
O
+
.

PRINCIPLE:- It is an example of Acid Metry when a week acid is titrated with a
strong base, the salt produce in the reaction is completely hydrolyzed and PH of
the resultant sol. at the end point is more then 7. NAOH strong base, is
standardized by titration when a week acid, Oxalic Acid.
TEST PROCEDURE
Take 10ml of 0.1N oxalic acid sol. into a conical flask and add 2-3 drops of
phenophthalien as indicator, titrate the content of the flask against NAOH sol.until
a permanent pink color is obtained. Repeat the titration for concordant values.


OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS:-
Titration of 0.1N NAOH with oxalic acid

S.No. Volume of Oxalic Acid
in ml.
Burette Reading Vol. of
NaOH run
down
Initial Final




N1V1 = N2V2
Where N1 is the normality of the oxalic acid sol.
V1 is the Volume of oxalic acid taken for titration.
N2 is the Normality of NAOH
V2 is the Volume of the NAOH sol.
Therefore, N2 = N1V1 / V2

Volume of HCl X 100 X Normality of HCl
(Actual)
%age purity of Borax = ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
Weight of Oxalic acid in gram X Normality of HCl
(Expected)

RESULT:-
%age purity of OxalicAcid=
DOS AND DONTS:- During this experiment you will be working with a weak
base and a strong acid. You must wear eye protection at all times. In the event that
any reagent used in this investigation comes in contact with your skin or eyes,
wash the affected area immediately with lots of water. Notify your instructor.
TYPICAL INPUTS:- Oxalic,pheniphthalein and sodium hydroxide.
TYPICAL OUTPUTS:- Percentage purity of the sample.
OUTCOME:- Determine the concentration and percentage purity of acid in an
unknown solution using a primary standard.

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