SMK RAJA PEREMPUAN, IPOH

KOLEKSI E-ESEI (SPM) 2010

PANITIA FIZIK
1. Diagram below shows waves moving towards a harbour.
a) i) What is the meaning of diffraction ? [1mark]
ii) Draw the wave pattern of the waves after passing through the entrance of
the harbour. [1mark]
b) The entrance is made wider to allow more ships to enter the harbour. What is the
effect on
i) the waves passing through the entrance? [marks]
ii) the harbour? [1mark]
c) Diagram below shows another modification to the harbour to overcome the heav!
sea traffic problem. The wave pattern produced at the entrances is shown in
Diagram below.
i) The wave formed is caused b! the superposition of waves from two coherent
sources. What is the meaning of coherent sources ? [1mark]
1
ii) Describe the movement of two similar ships that are located at " and #. $%plain
!our answer. [&mark]
d) " new harbour is to be built at a new location. The suggested new location is either at a
ba! or a cape. 'our models for the structure of the retaining wall are given.
Table below shows the location and the characteristics of the four retaining walls.
$%pl ai n t he best l ocat i on and t he sui t abi l i t ! of each char act er i st i c
i n Tabl e above. Det er mi ne t he most sui t abl e r et ai ni ng wal l t o be
used.
[ 1(mar ks]
2
. Diagrams &.1 and &. show two taps relesing droplets of water into large containers.
The number of droplets which fall per second in Diagram &.1 is more compared to the
number of droplets in Diagram &.. The cross sections of the water waves formed
from the droplets in the containers are shown in the diagrams.
#ased on the above information and observation )
*a) +tate one suitable inference [1 mark]
*b) +tate one suitable h!pothesis [1 mark]
*c) With the use of apparatus such as a ripple tank , a vibration motor with ad-ustable
fre.uenc! and other apparatus describe an e%periment framework to investigate the
h!pothesis stated in & b).
/n !our description, state clearl! the following)
*i) "im of the e%periment
*ii) 0ariables in the e%periment
*iii) 1ist of apparatus and materials
*iv) "rrangement of the apparatus
*v) The procedure of the e%periment which include the method of controlling the
manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.
*vi) The wa! !ou would tabulate the data
*vii) The wa! !ou would anal!2e the data [1( marks]
3
3. 'igure 1and show the interference patterns produced b! two vibrators vibrating on the
surface of water in a ripple tank.
*a) What is meant b! interference?
*b) #ased on the figures above, compare the patterns of interference of the water waves.
+tate the relationship between the distance between the vibrators and the distance
between two consecutive nodal and antinodal lines.
*c) Draw a labelled diagram to show the interference pattern produced b! two coherent
light sources.
*d) With the help of ultrasonic waves, a fishing boat can detects shoal of fish in the sea.
*i) What is ultrasonic wave?
*ii) $%plain how fishing boats detect shoal of fish in the sea using ultrasonic waves.
4
&. *a) The picture below shows the different t!pes of mobile phones available. The operation
of the mobile phones needs a certain t!pe of wave for transmitting and receiving
signals.
The table below shows the characteristics of four t!pes of waves.
Electromagnetic
waves
Type of waves Speed
( m s
-1
)
Effect to user Sources of
waves
4 +ound 3(( 5ot harmful 0ibrating obbects
6 /nfrared ra!s 3.( % 1(
7
5ot harmful 8ot ob-ect
9 :icrowaves 3.( % 1(
7
5ot harmful $lectric current
+ ;amma ra!s 3.( % 1(
7
8armful +un
*i) What is the relationship between wavelength and fre.uenc!?
*ii) <ou are assigned to stud! the characteristics of waves in the table to be used in a
mobile phone.
'rom the table, e%plain the suitabilit! of each characteristic and hence determine
which wave is most suitable to be used as a wave for telecommunication. ;ive
reasons for !our choice.
*b) 1ist 3 differences between sound waves and radio waves.
*c) " radar at the control tower in an airport transmits and receives signals in an interval of
&.( ms. *The speed of radar is 3.( % 1(
7
m s
=1
).
*i) 5ame the phenomenon used in determining the position of an aircraft.
*ii) Determine the distance of the plane from the control tower.
5
>. The figure below shows an electric kettle connected to a &(0 power suppl! b! a fle%ible
cable. The kettle is rated ?&(0, >((W@.
The table below shows the ma%imum electric current that is able to flow through wires of
various diameters.
Diameter of wire A mm :a%imum current A "
(.7( 7
1.(( 1(
1.( 13
1.&( 1>
*a) What is the current flowing through the cable when the kettle is switched on?
*b) 9eferring to the table above,
*i) what is the smallest diameter wire that can be safel! used for this kettle?
*ii) e%plain wh! it is dangerous to use a wire thinner than the one selected in *b)*i)?
*c) +tate one precautionar! measure that should be taken to ensure safe usage of the
kettle.
*d) :ention one fault that might happen in the cable that will cause the fuse in the plug to
melt.
6
B. "nthon! records the detail of the electricit! usage of the various electrical appliances in his
house for a da!. The observations are shown in the table below.
Electrical
Appliances
Power rating / W uration switc!ed on / !r Energy usage / "W!
"ir conditioner .( 3.(
Water heater 3.( (.3
1ights (.7 1(.(
Cettle .( (.
8ome theatre 1.( .(
*a) Domplete the table above b! filling in the energ! usage for the various appliances.
*b) Which appliance cost the most to use?
*c) /f the meter that records the dail! electrical energ! usage is >B&. kWh at the
beginning of the da!, what will be the reading at the end of the da!?
*d) The wires connected to the water heater is thicker than those connecting to the lights.
;ive a reason for this.
7
E. 'igure 1 shows the reading of the voltmeter in a simple electric circuit.
'igure shows the reading of the same voltmeter.
*a) What is meant b! electromotive force *e.m.f.) of a batter!?
*b) 9eferring to 'igure 1 and 'igure , compare the state of the switch, +, and the readings
of the voltmeter. +tate a reason for the observation on the readings of the voltmeter.
*c) Draw a suitable simple electric circuit and a suitable graph, briefl! e%plain how the
e.m.f. and the .uantit! in !our reason in *b) can be obtained.
*d)
The figure above shows a dr! cell operated torchlight with metal casing.
*i) What is the purpose of the spring in the torchlight?
*ii) Wh! is it safe to use the torchlight although the casing is made of metal?
*iii) What is the purpose of having a concave reflector in the torchlight?
7. " group of engineers were entrusted to choose a suitable cable to be used as the
transmitting cable for a long distance electrical transmission through 5ational ;rid 5etwork.
8
'our different cables and their characteristics of the cables were given. The length and
diameter of all the cables are similar.
*a) Define the resistance of a conductor.
*b) The table below shows the characteristics of the four cables, ", #, D and D.
9esistivit!
A W m
:a%imum load before
breaking A 5
Densit! A kgm
=3
9ate of e%pansion
" (.(( >(( 7(( 1ow
# (.(>B 3(( 3(( 1ow
D (.(31 &(( >B(( :edium
D (.(7> (( 37(( 8igh
#ase on the above table)
*i) $%plain the suitabilit! of each characteristic of the cable to be used for a long
distance electricit! transmission.
*ii) Determine the most suitable wire and state the reason.
*c) +uggest how three similar bulbs are arranged effectivel! in a domestic circuit. Draw a
diagram to e%plain !our answer. ;ive two reasons for the arrangement.
*d) "n electric kettle is rated .( kW.
*i) Dalculate how long would it take to boil 1.> kg of water from an initial temperature
of 7
o
D.
[specific heat capacit! of water F &(( G kg
=1 o
D
=1
]
*ii) What is the assumption made in the calculations above?
H. 'igure 1B and 'igure 17 show photographs of two circuit. $ach circuit contains four
identical bulbs connected to four identical new dr! cells.
9
*a) *i) +tate the energ! transformation that take place in the bulb [ 1 mark]
*ii) Draw a circuit diagram for each photograph. [ 3 marks]



*b) *i) Ibserve the photographs in 'igure 1B and 'igure 1E. Dompare the brightness of the
bulbs.
9elate the brightness of the bulbs between 'igure 1B and 'igure 1E to deduce a
concept in ph!sics with regard to the potential difference and the current flow for the
bulbs in series and parallel circuits.
[B marks]
*c ) 'igure 17 shows a model of an incubator used to hatch eggs. The temperature in the
incubator must be maintained around 3H D. $ver! part of the eggs must receive
uniform heat. The eggs are hatched in about ( da!s.



Jsing an appropriate concept in ph!sics , e%plain the modification re.uired to the above
incubator so as to efficientl! hatch about (( eggs. [1( marks]
1(. Figure 1 and Figure 2 below show the structures of a d.c motor and a d.c. generator respectiel!.
1"
Figure 16 Figure 17
#a$ #i$ %tate the change of energ! that occurs in a motor.
#ii$ %&etch the catapult field that is produced in Figure 1 aboe.
#b$ 'eferring to the figures aboe( state two differences between the two motors.
#c$ )sing suitable ph!sics concept( describe what must be done to increase the efficienc! of the d.c.
motor.
11
11.
*he diagram aboe shows the structure of a simple transformer.
#a$ #i$ +hat is the meaning of ,electromagnetic induction,-
#ii$ .ist down two differences between a step/up and a step/down transformer.
#b$ the core of a transformer pla!s an important part in determining the efficienc! of the
transformer. *he table below shows four different metals 0( 1( ' and % together with seeral
characteristics associated with them.
2etals 3ensit! 4 &g m
/3
'esistiit! 4 5 m 6asil! o7idi8ed 6asil! magneti8ed 4
demagneti8ed
0 893" 5." 7 1"
/8
9o :es
1 65"" 3." 7 1"
/8
9o :es
' 1"75" 4." 7 1"
/8
:es 9o
% 712" 3." 7 1"
/8
:es 9o
67plain the suitabilit! of each of the characteristics mentioned in choosing a smelt to be used as
the core of a transformer. Finall!( which metal would !ou choose to be used and wh!-
#c$ *he diagram below shows a transformer with four output terminals. *he primar! coil consists of
2"" turns connected to a 6; a.c. suppl!. *he number of turns between the terminals of the
secondar! coils are as shown below.
#i$ <alculate the output oltage between the terminals
#a$ 01
#b$ 0'
#c$ 1%
#d$ '%
#ii$ =f !ou were to connect a bulb labelled >14+( 12;?( to which pairs of terminals would !ou
connect the bulb to-
1. Figure 1 shows an electric circuit with one diode and the trace produced as shown on a <'@ connected
across the resistor '.
Figure 2 shows an electric circuit with four diodes and the trace produced as shown on a <'@
connected across the resistor '.
12
#a$ +hat is meant b! rectification-
#b$ Aased on the figures aboe( compare the arrangement of the diodes( the t!pe input oltage and
the t!pe output oltage. %tate the use of the diodes in the figures aboe.
#c$ *race the path ta&en b! the current in Fig.2 if the terminal B is positie.
#d$ 9ame an electric component that needs to be connected to the output of both the circuits to
produce a more constant output.
#e$ %&etch a graph to show the effect on the output oltage of putting a capacitor in the circuit in
Fig.1.
13. *he diagrams below show four different circuits C( A( < and 3 consisting arious electrical
components including a transistor( *.
13
#a$ +hat is the meaning of semiconductor material-
#b$ %tate briefl! how is a p/t!pe semiconductor produced-
#c$ :ou are to set up a transistor circuit which can be used as a fire alarm. 'eferring to the circuits
C( A( < and 3( discuss the suitabilit! of the t!pe and location of arious components in the
ma&ing of the fire alarm. Dence( choose the circuit which is suitable to be the circuit used in fire
alarm.
#d$ *he transistor circuit below functions as a fire alarm. *he alarm will sound if the potential
difference across '
1
is greater than 1." ;.
=f the resistance of '
1
and '
3
are 5"" 5 and 1""" 5 respectiel!(
#i$ calculate the potential difference across '
3
(
#ii$ calculate the potential difference across '
1(
#iii$ will the alarm be turned on- Eie a reason for !our answer.
1&. #a$ 6Fuation 1 shows the deca! of 'adon/222.
6Fuation 2 shows the deca! of )ranium/238
6Fuation 1 G
222 218
86 84
'n 0o B +
14
6Fuation 2 G
238 234
92 9"
) *h : +
#i$ +hat is meant b! the term ,radioactiit!,-.
#ii$ Aased on the two eFuations aboe( state two similarities in the deca!s. From the two
eFuations determine the particles represented b! B and :.
#b$ =n the e7plosion of an atomic bomb( a mass defect of ".1 g occurred in 1Hs. *his mass is
changed into energ!. 3etermine how much energ! is produced.
#c$ *he photograph below shows a nuclear power station. +hat are the safet! precautions that must
be ta&en in a nuclear power station.
1>.. 'adioactie isotopes are widel! used in arious industries. Cmong them is as a tracer to detect the
location of lea&s in an underground water pipes. *he table below shows the characteristics of four
t!pes of radioisotopes )( ; ( + and B.
%olubilit! in water Dalf/life *!pe of radiation emitted 0enetrating power
) %oluble 1 month I/particles .ow
; %oluble 2 wee&s J/particles 2oderate
+ =nsoluble 1 month I/particles .ow
15
B =nsoluble 2 months J/particles 2oderate
#a$ #i$ +hat are isotopes-
#ii$ @n the same a7es( s&etch two graphs showing the changes in the actiities of radioisotopes
+ and B. Cssume that the actiities of both radioisotopes are the same in the beginning.
.abel the graphs appropriatel!.
#b$ *he .ocal +ater Aoard inoled in the suppl! of water to the residents of Darmon! Earden
noticed a drop in the pressure of one of the pipes indicating a lea& somewhere. 'eferring to the
table aboe( discuss the suitabilit! of each characteristics of the radioisotopes that can be used as
a tracer to detect the location of the lea&. +hich isotope is the most suitable to be used and wh!-
#c$ *he table below shows the actiit! of a sample of a radioactie substance.
Cctiit! 88" 96" 98" 82"
#i$ <alculate the aerage actiit! of the radioactie substance.
#ii$ =f the half/life of the radioactie substance is 5 hours( what would !ou e7pect the actiit!
be 1" hours later-
1B. *he figure below shows a simple transformer.
16
#a$ +hat happens to the core when the switch is turned on-
#b$ +hen the switch is turned off( state what happens
#i$ in the coil '% and
#ii$ the pointer of the galanometer.
#c$ =f the galanometer is replaced with a bulb with rating >3";( 42+?( it is found that the bulb
lights up normall! when 01 is connected to a power suppl! of 24"; a.c. <alculate the ratio of
the number of turns in the coil 01 to the number of turns in the coil '%.
#d$ =n practice( a transformer is neer ideal. Eie two reasons for the fact that a transformer can
neer be 1""K efficient.
17
1E.
*he diagram aboe shows the arious components found in an electric bell.
#a$ %tate the principal based on which the electric bell operates-
#b$ +hen the switch is pressed(
#i$ +hat happens to the soft iron core-
#ii$ %tate the polarit! of the end B.
#iii$ +hat happens to the hammer-
#c$ +hat happens when the soft iron core is replaced with steel-
#d$ 9ame another deice that uses the principle of electromagnetism in its operation.
17. *he diagram below shows three transformers L( . and 2 connected to a 24"; a.c. power suppl!.
*heir outputs are connected to 3 bulbs which are arranged differentl!.
18
#a$ Cll the three transformers are identical. <alculate the output oltage of the transformers.
#b$ +hen turned on( a current of magnitude of ".25 C flows in the primar! coil and all the bulbs
lighted up with normal brightness.
#i$ +hat is the input power of the transformers-
#ii$ 3etermine the output power for each of the transformers.
#iii$ <alculate the efficiencies of each transformer.
#i$ =s an! of the transformers ideal- Eie a reason for !our answer.
#$ %uggest one wa! to increase the efficienc! of a transformer.
1H. *he figure below shows the structure of a simple d.c. generator. *he coil in the generator is rotated
about the a7is in the direction shown.
19
#a$ +hat are the names of the parts labelled B and :-
#b$ #i$ =n the figure aboe( show the direction of the forces that act on the sides CA and <3 of the
foil.
#ii$ +hat is the rule that is used to determine the direction of the force that acts on the coil-
#c$ *he graph below shows how the induced e.m.f. produced b! the generator aboe aries with
time.
%&etch a graph showing the ariation of the induced e.m.f. produced if the coil is rotated at a
faster rate.
#d$ +hat change is reFuired to be made to the structure aboe if it was to be used as an a.c.
generator-
(. Figure 1 shows a ertical wire carr!ing an electric current in the direction shown.
Figure 2 shows the bird,s/e!e iew of the wire.
2"
#a$ @n Figure 2(
#i$ draw the pattern of the magnetic field formed around the wire.
#ii$ draw an arrow on the plotting compass < to show the direction of the magnetic field
through the compass.
#b$ %tate the effect on the pointer in the compass if
#i$ a current of bigger magnitude flows through the wire in the same direction as in Figure 1.
#ii$ the direction of the current is reersed.
#c$ <ompare the strength of the magnetic field at point B and point : in Figure 1.
17. C length of fle7ible copper wire fi7ed at two points 0 and 1 is held erticall! such that a portion of it
is in between the poles of a horseshoe magnet as shown in Figure1 below.
#a$ #i$ Figure 2 shows the side iew of the arrangement as seen from the obserer. =n Figure 2(
draw what the wire might loo& li&e if a strong electric current flows along the wire from 0
to 1.
#ii$ Eie an e7planation to !our answer in #a$#i$.
#b$ +hat is the rule !ou use to determine !our answer in #a$#i$-
21
#c$ Eie two changes that could be made so that the copper wire will act in the direction to !our
answer in #a$#i$.
1. *he diagram shows the structure of a simple <'@.
#a$ 9ame the components labelled 0( 1( '( % and *.
#b$ 67plain what is meant b! ,thermionic emission,.
#c$ *he figure below shows a trace formed on the screen of a <'@.
*he time base is set at 5 ms4cm.
#i$ +hat is the period of the signal applied to the <'@-
#ii$ Dence( what is the freFuenc! of the signal-
#iii$ =f the same signal is applied to the <'@ but the time base is readMusted to 1" ms4cm( draw a
s&etch to show the trace that will now be formed on the screen-
. *he diagram below shows a circuit which acts as an automatic switch to turn on the motor 2 when the
surroundings is dar&.
22
#a$ 9ame the component labelled
#i$ 0
#ii$ 1
#iii$ %
#b$ +hat is the function of the component labelled '-
#c$ =n the figure aboe( show how the collector current( =
c
and the base current( =
b
might flow.
#d$ +hat happens to the magnitude of the potential difference ;
D
when the surroundings become
bright-
#e$ 67plain how the change in the potential difference( ;
D
( will cause the motor 2 be turned on-
3. *he figure below shows a circuit consisting three different logic gates.
23
#a$ 9ame the logic gates
#i$ 0
#ii$ 1 and
#iii$ '
#b$ <omplete the truth table for the s!stem shown aboe.
=nput @utput
C A
" "
" 1
1 "
1 1
#c$ #i$ *he combination of the logic gates aboe can be replaced b! a single logic gate. +hat is
this eFuialent logic gate-
#ii$ Eie the Aoolean eFuation for the logic gate in !our answer in # c$#i$ aboe.
&. *he circuit below shows a logic circuit used in a cold room where fro8en meat is stored. *he alarm
will be turned on if the temperature of the cold room is too high. *he bu88er will be turned @FF if the
output logic is " and be turned @9 if the output logic is 1.
24
#a$ 9ame the logic gate used in the circuit aboe.
#b$ Aased on the information aboe( complete the truth table for the logic gate aboe.
=nput @utput Clarm
@FF
@9
#c$ 9ame the component labelled 6.
#d$ =f the temperature of the cold room increases( what happens to the Fuantit! in the table below-
<omplete the table with the appropriate answers.
'esistance of 6
<urrent flowing through the logic gate
<ondition of the alarm
>. *he diagram below shows the circuit of a transistori8ed radio receier.
25
#a$ 9ame the components labelled C( A and <.
#b$ *he component 3 is a transistor. +hat t!pe of transistor is it-
#c$ %tate the change in energ! that occurs in the component labelled <.
#d$ %&etch the shape of the signals that
#i$ flows into A(
#ii$ flows into the transistor 3.
#e$ +hat is the function of the transistor in the circuit aboe-
&. Aelow are some data about a <'@ in use G
;oltage across heating filament N 6." ;
0otential difference across cathode and anode N 2 7 1"
3
;
Deating current N ".5 C
6lectron beam current N 2 mC
#a$
0lace a tic& # $ on the t!pe of power suppl! that can be applied across the filament.
d.c oltage
a.c oltage
#b$ %tate two uses of <.'.@ in the school laborator!.
#c$ +h! does the electron beam get deflected b! in magnetic field-
#d$ <alculate the elocit! of the electron beam as it leaes the anode-
#e 4 m for electron is 1.76 7 1"
11
< &g
/1
$
#e$ 3etermine the number of electrons which moe through <.'.@ in 1" minutes. #e N1.6" 7 1"
/19
<$
B. 73
32
B
represents the nucleus of an atom B.
#a$ +hat is meant b!
#i$ proton number and
#ii$ nucleon number of an atom
26
#b$ Dow man! protons and neutrons are there in the nucleus of B-
#c$ =f this nucleus is unstable and emits I/particles to become a more stable atom :( write down the
eFuation for this deca!.
#d$ *he half/life of this nuclide is 1" da!s. C laborator! has an initial mass of 25" g of a sample of
this radioactie material.
#i$ Dow much of this material remains after 3" da!s-
#ii$ %tate one safet! precaution that should be ta&en when handling this material.
E. *he diagram below shows the penetrating powers of three radioactie radiations B ( : and O.
27
#a$ Crrange( in increasing order( the penetrating powers of these radiations.
#b$ =n the diagram below( draw the path ta&en b! these radiations when the! trael into an area
where the direction of the magnetic field is directed into the paper.
#c$ +hat happens to the proton number and the nucleon number if a radioactie nuclide were to
emit radiation B-
#d$ Cmong the three radiations( state two properties of radiation O.
7. #a$ <omplete the statement below b! inserting a word of phrase in the blan&s proided.
=n the 'utherford e7periment( PPPPPPPPPPPP charged I/particles were proMected towards a
PPPPPPPPPPPP gold foil. 2ost of the particles were not deiated showing that the gold foil is
28
mostl! PPPPPPPPPP . C few particles were deiated through a small angle or een got deflected. =t
can be concluded from this e7periment that the nucleus has a relatiel! large PPPPPPPPPPP and a
PPPPPPPPPP charge.
#b$ *he table below shows three characteristics of three t!pes of radiations emitted from radioactie
materials. <omplete the table with the correct information.
*!pes of radiations 9ature <harge 0roton number 9ucleon number
I/particles
J/particles
Q/ra!s
3(. C smo&e detector contains a radioactie source which is a I/particles emitter.
29
*he diagram aboe shows the structure of the smo&e detector. *he ammeter shows bigger reading
when there in no smo&e in between the plates compared to when there is smo&e.
#a$ %tate the nature of I/particles.
#b$ 67plain the presence of electric current flowing in the circuit.
#c$ 67plain wh! J/particles emitters are not used in this detector.
#d$
Cmericium/241 is an I/particle emitter and is represented b! the s!mbol
241
95
Cm
. =t deca!s into
9eptunium 237. *he s!mbol for neptunium is 9p. +rite down the eFuation that represents the
deca! of Cmericium/241.
3. Cn e7periment is conducted to detect the number of radioactie particles emitted b! a radioactie
source b! a group of students. *he diagram below shows the set/up of the apparatus.
3"
#a$ +hat is the name of the detector used in the e7periment-
#b$ *he students measures the number of particles emitted b! three different radioactie substances
B( : and O in a period of 1 minute. *he e7periments were repeated eer! hour. *he results are
shown in the table below
*ime4hr 9umber of particles detected 4 minute
%ource B %ource : %ource O
" 24"" 36"" 72""
1 12"" 26"" 52""
2 6"" 18"" 44""
3 3"" 1""" 36""
4 15" 3"" 31""
Crrange the radioactie source in order of ascending half/life.
#c$ #i$ +hat is the half/life of the radioactie source :-
#ii$ 3etermine the time ta&en for the radioactie source : to deca! to 6.25K of its original
mass.
3.
*he radioactie isotope of radon is radon/22"( represented b! the s!mbol
22"
86
'n
. 'adon/22" is an I/
particle emitter and deca!s into 0olonium # s!mbol 0o$.
#a$ *he number 22" for radon is called the RRRRRRRR.
31
#b$ +hat is the number of neutrons in the nucleus of radon/22"-
#c$ *he nuclear eFuation that represents the deca! of radon/22" is
22" 7 116
86 ! 8
'n 0o +
+hat is the number represented b!
#i$ 7
#ii$ !
#iii$ 8
#d$ 3uring the deca! of radon/22"( there is an apparent loss of mass of 1.14 7 1"
/29
&g.
#i$ +rite down the eFuation that enables the amount of energ! released to be determine.
#ii$ <alculate the amount of energ! released.
1(. Diagram 1(.1 and Diagram 1(. show wire coils connected to the ammeters switches
and d. c power suppl!.
32

When the switch is on and iron filings of the same amount is spread on each of the
cardboard surface, the pattern of the iron filings is formed as shown in the diagrams.
*a) What is meant b! magnetic field ? [1 mark]
*b) Jsing Diagram 1(.1 and Diagram 1(. , compare the number of turns of the
coils, the pattern of the iron filings and angle of deflection of the ammeter indicator.
[ 3 marks]
*c) +tate the relationship between the strength of the magnetic field and
*i) the pattern of the iron filings
*ii) the number of turn of the coil [ marks]
*d) Diagram 1(.3 shows two thin copper strips , 46 and 9+ , connected to a circuit.
33

$%plain what happens to 46 and 9+ , when the switch is on. [ & marks]
*e) Diagram 1(.& shows an electric motor which is supplied with a 1 0 a.c


*i) $%plain how the motor is able to rotate
*ii) Jsing a 1 0 a.c power suppl! , e%plain the modification that needs to be
done on the motor and the e%ternal circuit to enable the motor to be a d.c
electric motor and rotate faster. [1( marks]
34
11. 'igure &.1 shows circuits G,C , 1, : and 5 each containing an ideal transformer.
Diodes in the circuits are used for the purpose of rectification.
*i) What is meant b! rectification ? [1 mark]
*ii) $%plain the working principle of a transformer. [& marks]
*iii) <ou are asked to make a 1 0 batter! charger. +tud! the circuits , G ,C,1 , : and
5 in 'igure &.1 and consider the following aspects )
= t!pe of transformer
= ratio of number or turns in primar! coil to secondar! coil
= t!pe of rectification
= characteristic of output current. [1( marks]
$%plain the suitabilit! of the above aspects and hence determine the most suitable
circuit to make the batter! charger. Gustif! !our choice.
[1( marks]
35
*b) 'igure &. shows a circuit consisting of a transformer , an ammeter and two light
bulbs. The ammeter reading is (.> " and both light bulbs light up with normal
brightness.
*i) What is the output of the transformer ?
*ii) Dalculate the efficienc! of the transformer ? [> marks]
B. :ost of our electrical energ! comes from h!droelectric power stations and thermal
power stations. These power stations are connected b! cables to transmit electricit!
to users in industries , offices , schools and houses. This s!stem is called the
national grid network.
*a) *i) +tate the transformations of energ! in a h!droelectric power stations. [ 1 mark]
*ii) $%plain briefl! the importance of the national grid network s!stem in distributing
electrical energ! to the users. [ & marks]
'igure 1.1 shows how a model of an electric transmission s!stem can be set up in
laborator!. The model consists of a power station that generates 1 0 of alternating
current * a.c) that transmits the electrical energ! to the users using transmission wires
and transformers 4 ,6 and 9.
36
<ou are re.uired to set up a model as in 'igure 1.1 using the information in Table 1.1
*b) Jsing the information in 'igure 1.1 and Table 1.1 determine )
*i) the numbers of turns in the primar! and the secondar! coil of transformers 4, 6 and
9 and show !our working,
*ii) the t!pe of core !ou will use in all the transformers and -ustif! !our choice,
*iii the material !ou will use for the transmission wire and -ustif! !our choice.
[1( marks]
*c) /f the resistance of the transmission wires between transformers 4 and 6 in the model
at is 3( K , calculate )
*i) the current that flows in the transmission wire,
*ii) the power loss due to the heating effect of the current in the transmission wire
[ > marks]
#um$er of turns of t!e
coil
Type of transformer core %aterials of transmission
wire
1((
1(((
>((
&((
1B(
1(
+olid copper core
1aminated copper core
+olid soft iron core
1aminated soft iron core
Donstantan
Dopper
"luminium
5ochrome
37
E. Diagram 1(.1 and Diagram 1(. show two electrical circuits containing semiconductor
diodes.
*a) What is meant b! a semiconductor ? [1 mark]
*b) Jsing diagram 1(.1 and Diagram 1(., relate the lighting of the bulbs, the current
and the wa! the diode is connected to the terminals of the batter! to deduce a
relevant ph!sics concept. [> marks]
38
*c) Diagram 1(.3 shows a full wave rectifier circuit.
*i) Draw the wave form of a full wave rectification. [1 mark]
*ii) " capacitor is placed across the output to smooth the current.
Draw the wave form produced.
$%plain how a capacitors is used to smooth the current. [3 mark]
*d) Diagram 1(.& shows a circuit a transistor that acts as an automatic switch.

The transistor in the circuit causes the light emitting diode *1$D) to light up
when it is dark.
" technician wants a fan labeled &(0, 1((W in a room to be automaticall!
switched on when the room is hot..
+uggest modifications that can be made to the circuit in Diagram 1(.& so that the fan
can be automaticall! switched on when the room is hot.
Draw the modified circuit.
+tate and e%plain the modifications based on the following aspects )
= the electrical components that are needed to replace the 1$D and the
light dependent resistor *1D9) in the circuit.
= the positions of the electrical components in the circuit. [1( mark]
39
7. 4roduction of nuclear energ! and detecting the volume of a material are two e%amples
of the use of radioactive materials in industr!.
Table .1 shows an e.uation of a reaction and total atomic mass before and after a
nuclear fission.
#uclear fission
#efore reaction "fter reaction
$.uation
239
94
4u L
1
"
n
145
56
#a L
93
38
+r L
1
"
n L $nerg!
Total atomic mass &(.(B(7 a.m.u 3H.7>73( a.m.u
T"#1$ .1
Table . shows an e.uation of a reaction and total atomic mass before and after a
nuclear fusion.
#uclear fusion
#efore reaction "fter reaction
$.uation
2
1
8 L
3
1
8
4
2
8e L
1
"
n L $nerg!
Total atomic
mass
>.(3(13 a.m.u
>.(1(&3 a.m.u
T"#1$ .
*a) *i) What is meant b! a nuclear fission? [ 1 mark]
*ii) Jsing only the information given in Table .1 and ., compare nuclear
fission and nuclear fusion. 8ence state the relationship between mass and
energ! evolved. [ > marks]
*b) 5uclear fission produces a chain reaction. Describe how the chain reaction
happens in a nuclear fission of an atom uranium. [ & marks]
*c) " paint=producing factor! wants to develop a volume control s!stem which can
ensure the .uantit! of paint in ever! tin is within a specific range. The tins of
paint are transported on a conve!or belt as shown in 'igure .1. /f the volume of
the paint is less or more than the specific range of volume, the tin will be
separated automaticall!.
'/;J9$ .1
4"
Jsing !our knowledge on radioactivit! and 'igure .1, e%plainM
*i) the radioactivit! material and e.uipment re.uired to develop the volume
control s!stem,
*ii) how the e.uipment is assembled,
*iii) how the s!stem works. [1( marks]
H . Diagram 1(.1 and Diagram 1(. show the deflection of a radioactive emission in an
electric field.
*a) What is the meaning of radioactivit!? [1 mark]
*b) Jsing Diagram 1(.1 and Diagram 1(.,
*i) state the charge of the radioactive emission, [1 mark]
*ii) compare the voltage of the $8T and the deflection of the radioactive emission.
[ marks]
*c) +tate the relationship between
*i) the voltage of the $8T and the strength of the electric field between the plates,
[1 mark]
*ii) the strength of the electric field between the plates and the deflection of the
radioactive emission. [1 mark]
*d) Diagram 1(.3 shows a t!pe of nuclear reaction.
41
*i) 5ame this t!pe of nuclear reaction. [1 mark]
*ii) $%plain how nuclear energ! is produced from the nuclear reaction shown in
Diagram 1(.3 [3 marks]
*e) Diagram 1(.& shows how a radioactive source is handled b! a student.
The method shown is not safe. +uggest and e%plain)
*i) The e.uipment to be used in handling a radioactive source.
*ii) :odifications to the storing method to ensure safe keeping of the radioactive source.
*iii) Ither precautions that need to be taken when handling a radioactive source.
[1( marks]
42
3=CE'C2
1".3