Public Company (Bhd.

) top
A public company can be formed or, alternatively a private company can be converted into
a public company subject to certain requirements in the Companies Act. A public company
limited by shares can offer shares to the public if it has registered a prospectus with the
Securities Commission and has lodged a copy of the prospectus with the CCM on or before
the date of its issue.
A public company can apply to have its shares quoted on Bursa Malaysia (the Malaysian
stock exchange) subject to compliance with the requirements laid down by Bursa Malaysia
and the Securities Commission. Any subsequent issue of securities (for instance, issue by way
of rights or bonus, or issue arising from an acquisition) would require the approval of the
Securities Commission.

Costs of Doing Business top
Starting a Business
Companies doing business in Malaysia must register with the Companies Commission of Malaysia
(SSM) under the Companies Act 1965.
Main fees to be paid to the Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM):
RM US$
Reservation of a name 30 9.38
For registration of a company, fees range according to nominal share capital, e.g.:
Up to RM100,000 (US$31,250) 1,000 313
RM100,001 - 500,000 (US$31,250 - 156,250) 3,000 938
RM500,001 - RM1 million (US$156,250 - US$312,500) 5,000 1,563
RM1,000,001 - RM5 million (US$312,500 - US$1.6 million) 8,000 2,500
RM5,000,001 - RM10 million (US$1.6 million - US$3.13 million) 10, 000 3,125
RM10,000,001 - RM25 million (US$3.13 million - US$7.81 million) 20,000 6,250
RM25,000,001 - RM50 million (US$7.81 million - US$15.63 million) 40,000 12,500
RM50,000,001 - RM100 million (US$15.63 million - US$31.25 million) 50,000 15,625
Exceeding RM100 million (US$15.63 million) 70,000 21,875

Taxation top
Income of any person including a company, accruing in or derived from Malaysia or received in
Malaysia from outside Malaysia is subject to income tax. However, income received in Malaysia by any
person other than a resident company carrying on business of banking, insurance or sea or air
transport for a year of assessment derived from sources outside Malaysia is exempted from tax.
To modernise and streamline the tax administration system, the self-assessment system was
implemented for companies, sole proprietor, partnerships, cooperatives and salaried groups and the
assessment of income tax is based on a current year basis.
Company Tax
Resident and non-resident companies 25%
Resident companies with paid-up capital of RM2.5 million (US$781,250) and less at the
beginning of the basis period for a year of assesment
on the first RM500,000 (US$156,250) chargeable income 20%
on subsequent chargeable income 25%

Personal Income Tax
Resident individuals with chargeable income of
RM16,667 (US$5,208) and above per annum (after
deduction of personal reliefs)
1% - 26%
(with effect from the year of
assessment 2010)
Non-resident individuals (not entitled to any personal
reliefs)
26%
(with effect from the year of
assessment 2010)

Withholding Tax
Non-resident persons
Special classes of income (use of moveable property, technical services,
installation services on the supply of plant and machinery, etc.)
10%
Interest 15%
Royalty 10%
Contract payment on:
- account of contractor 10%
- account of employee 3%
* Other income such as commission, guarantee fees, agency fees, brokerage fees,
introducers fees etc.
10%

Sales Tax
Sales tax is imposed on certain imported and locally manufactured goods under
the Sales Tax Act 1972. The tax rate ranges from 5 - 10% for majority of the
goods except for food preparations other than alcoholic and non-alcoholic
compound preparations (other than those of heading No. 33.02) used for making
beverages which falls under the tariff code 2106.90.490 with a tax rate of 20%.
Sales tax is also imposed on petroleum and petroleum products according to
5% - 10%
specific rates

Service Tax
Service tax is imposed on taxable services provided by taxable persons. Services
include services provided by professionals (such as lawyers, engineers, architects,
surveyors and consultants), advertising firms, private hospitals, insurance
companies, communication companies, hotels and restaurants.
6%

Excise Duty
Excise duty is levied on imported and locally manufactured goods under the Excise Act 1976.
The goods are listed under the Excise Duties Order 2004. Goods include:
Goods Duty Rate
Motorcars 75% -105%
4-wheel drive 60% -105%
Motorcycle 20% -30%
Intoxicating liquor RM0.10 + 15% per litre -RM42.50 per 100%
vol per litre + 15% RM0.22
Cigarettes RM0.19 per stick + 20%
Source: Royal Malaysian Customs - www.customs.gov.my

Rates of Capital Allowance
Capital allowances are given on qualifying capital expenditure. Initial allowances are given
only once while annual allowances are given every year by the straightline method. Some of
the items accorded allowances are shown below. For plant and machinery, companies are
advised to verify with the Inland Revenue Board on the specific items which qualify.
Capital Expenditure Initial Allowance Annual Allowance

Industrial buildings 10% 3%

Plant and machinery 20% 14%

Heavy machinery and motor vehicles 20% 20%

Computer and IT equipment 20% 40%

Environmental control equipment 40% 20%

Others 20% 10%

Source: Inland Revenue Board - www.hasil.gov.my
Human Resources top
Minimum Conditions of Employment
The Employment Act, 1955 is the main legislation on labour matters in Malaysia.
Paid maternity : 60 days
leave
Normal work
hours
: Not exceeding eight hours in one day or 48 hours in one week
Paid holiday : At least 11 gazetted public holidays
(inclusive of five compulsory public holidays; National Day, Birthday of the Yang
Dipertuan Agong, Birthday of Ruler/Federal Territory Day, Labour day and Malaysia
Day) in one calendar year and on any day declared as a public holiday under section 8
of the Holiday Act 1951

Paid annual leave for employees:
Less than two years of service : 8 days
Two or more but less than five years of service : 12 days
Over five years of service : 16 days



*Minimum paid annual leave to be provided for employees

Paid sick leave per calendar year:
Less than two years of service : 14 days
Two or more but less than five years of
service
: 18 days
Over five years of service : 22 days
Where hospitalisation is necessary :
up to 60 days (inclusive of the paid sick leave
entitlement stated above)

*Minimum paid sick leave to be provided for employees

Payment for overtime work:
Normal working days : one-and-a-half times the hourly rate of pay
Rest days : two times the hourly rate of pay
Public holidays : three times the hourly rate of pay






Syarikat awam berhad[sunting | sunting sumber]
Takrifan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Syarikat Awam Berhad juga adalah di bawah takluk Akta Syarikat 1965, dan mempunyai sifat-
sifat yang sama. Sesebuah Syarikat Sendirian Berhad yang telah berjaya dan ingin
menambahkan ahli-ahlinya iaitu lebih daripada 50 orang hendaklah mengubah bentuknya
daripada syarikat sendirian berhad kepada syarikat (Awam) Berhad (Public Ltd. Company)
Bilangan ahli Syarikat Berhad ini tidak terhad tetapi hendaklah sekurang-kurang tujuh orang.
Penjualan saham[sunting | sunting sumber]
Syarikat Berhad boleh memepelawa orang ramai membeli sahamnya. Tetapi sebelum berbuat
demikian, satu panduan rancangan (prospectus) hendaklah disiapkan dan diluluskan oleh
Pendaftar Syarikat dan disiarkan diakhbar-akhbar tempatan untuk menerangkan kepada orang
ramai kedudukan sebenar syarikat tersebut dan menyebutkan rancangan-rancangan yang
hendak dibuat serta anggaran pendapatan dan tahunan syarikat ini mestilah disiarkan di dalam
panduan rancangan tersebut dan Pengarah-Pengarah yang berkenaan adalah
bertanggungjawab atas segala butir-butir yang terkandung di dalam panduan rancangan itu.
Pengarah-Pengarah, Pegawai-pegawai Syarikat dan lain-lain pihak yang berkenaan boleh
didenda di Mahkamah jika panduan rancangan ini mengandungi butir-butir yang palsu.
Syarikat berhad yang kecil tidak perlu mengeluarkan Prospektus. Apa yang diperlukan ialah
Statement in Lieu of Prospectus yang telah diluluskan oleh Pendaftar Syarikat.
Saham Syarikat Berhad ini juga boleh dijual-beli melalui pasaran saham (stock exchange)
dengan syarat keahlian syarikat ini tidak terhad kepada mana-mana satu bangsa atau kaum.
Sebelum itu Syarikat tersebut hendaklah mendaftar dirinya dengan Pasaran Saham tersebut
dengan bayaran-bayaran tertentu.
Organisasi syarikat[sunting | sunting sumber]
Organisasi syarikat berhad adalah sama dengan syarikat Syarikat sendirian berhad iaitu ia
mempunyai Lembaga Pengarah yang memegang teraju syarikat.
Penubuhan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Cara-cara menubuhkan syarikat dan bayaran penubuhan syarikat berhad adalah sama dengan
syarikat sendirian berhad iaitu mengikut modal yang dibenarkan (authorised capital).
Walaupun demikian, adalah diingatkan bahawa kehendak-kehendak Akta Syarikat 1965 ke atas
syarikat berhad adalah lebih rumit lagi daripada yang dikenakan ke atas syarikat sendirian
berhad. Salah satu daripadanya ialah syarikat berhad dikehendaki memajukan imbangan kira-
kira tahunannya yang diaudit bersama-sama dengan laporan tahunan pada tiap-tiap tahun.
Mereka yang ingin menubuhkan syarikat ini adalah dinasihatkan supaya menubuhkan sebuah
syarikat sendirian berhad terlebih dahulu dan sesudah syarikat itu berjalan dengan baik dan
perlu menambahkan modalnya barulah mengubah bentuknya menjadi syarikat berhad.
SYARIKAT AWAM BERHAD (BHD.)

Ciri-ciri Syarikat Awam Berhad adalah agak sama dengan ciri-ciri Syarikat Sendirian Berhad.
Perbezaannya adalah dari segi pemilikan perniagaan. Tiada hadnya bagi mereka yang ingin bagi
Syarikat jenis ini. Menurut peruntukkan undang-undang, dihujung setiap nama Syarikat Awam
Berhad mesti ditulis nama "Berhad". Pemegang saham bebas menjual dan membeli saham
dipasaran saham tanpa memerlukan persetujuan dari sesiapa. Pekara-pekara lain seperti
penubuhan, pendaftaraan syarikat, agihan keuntungan dan jangka hayat adalah sama seperti
Syarikat Sendirian Berhad.
CIRI-CIRI SYARIKAT AWAM BERHAD
Disenaraikan di BSKL
Syarikat Berhad adalah syarikat awam yang dimiliki oleh pemegang-pemegang saham.
Pembelian dan penjualan saham dibuat tanpa persetujuan pemegang saham yang lain.
Bilangan pemegang saham lebih dua orang hingga tiada had.
Modal syarikat adalah dari penjualan saham dan bon kepada orang awam.
Pemegang saham bebas membeli dan jual di Bursa Saham Malaysia
Pemilik syarikat mempunyai liabiliti terhad
Pengurusan dan kawalan syarikat adalah tanggungjawab lembaga pengarah yang dipilih oleh
pemegang saham dalam mesyuarat agung tahunan.
Pembahagian untung dan dividen adalah bergantung kepada keuntungan syarikat.
Boleh menerbitkan propektus di akhbar
Mempunyai perkataan Berhad dihujung nama syarikat : Cth : TNB Berhad.

PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED

Definition
1) small limited company need not issue Prospectus.
2) What is needed is a Statement in Lieu of Prospectus has been approved by the Registrar of Companies.
3) Stock Company Limited is also bought and sold through the stock market (stock exchange) provided that the
membership is not limited to any one race or ethnicity.
4) Before the company should register itself with the stock market with certain charges
Features
a) Sole-owner of the company is a shareholder. The minimum number of owners is two people and there is no
maximum limit.
b) Capital-Capital raised from the sale of the shares issued to the public.
c) Management-Administration submitted to the Board of Directors appointed by the shareholders to manage
the company as a proxy based on the principle of 'one share one vote'
d) The creation of a business-Established under the Companies Registration Act 1965. It is very complex and
difficult to set up because there are a lot of formalities and procedures to be followed.
e) Liability-owner limited liability. This means that the risk of loss is borne by them to the amount of share
capital that is invested.
f) The distribution of profit and profit attributable to shareholders of the company in the form of dividends.
g) Taxes higher at 28%. This rate is charged on the profits of the company rather than the personal income tax.