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Nomenclature

D external diameter of tube
t thickness of steel tube
L length of column
f
c
unconfined compressive strength of concrete

c
strain in concrete at unconfined compressive strength
f
cc
confined compressive strength of concrete

cc
strain in concrete at confined compressive strength
f
y
yield strength of steel
f
l
lateral confining pressure on concrete core


E
c
Young's modulus of confined concrete
P
exp
experimental peak load carrying capacity
P
sim
simulated peak load carrying capacity